empowering end-users to collaboratively structure knowledge-intensive processes
TRANSCRIPT
Software Engineering for Business Information Systems (sebis) Department of InformaticsTechnische Universität München, Germany
wwwmatthes.in.tum.de
Empowering End-Users to Collaboratively Structure Knowledge-Intensive ProcessesMatheus Hauder, 25th May 2016, Technische Universität München
Knowledge work is becoming increasingly important
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Di C
icci
o et
al.
2014
Mod
elin
g,
cont
rol a
nd a
utom
atio
n
Highly predictable and repeatable
Unpredictable and non repeatable
Low flexibility
High flexibility
Structured
Structured with ad hoc
exceptions
Unstructured with pre-defined
segements
Loosely structured
Unstructured
Know
ledge-intensive Processes (K
iPs)
Research objective: Develop a solution that allows non-experts to structure and execute KiPs.
Becoming more important due to automation and outsourcing of simple jobs
More than half of the processes in organizations of highly developed countries
Productivity is the biggest management challenge of the 21st century
Missing software support due to unpredictable characteristic
Framework describing constituents of KiPs
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PhD student
Writing Publications
Analyze datasets
Make controlled experiments
Develope prototype TeachingCreate slides and exercises
Prepare exam
Organize lectures
Organizing workshops
Make room booking
Prepare catering
Invite participants
Supervising students
Meet with student
Sign intellectual property formular
Register student thesis
Data Logic
Work Template A
Process OwnerInteraction
Common Tasks
Context A
Task 1 of A
Work Plan A
Task 2 of A
Task 3 of A
100%
70%
100%
July 15‘ December 15‘November 15‘October 15‘August 15‘
TODAY
90%
Data Logic
Work Template B
Process OwnerInteraction
Common Tasks
Context B
Task 1 of B
Work Plan B
Task 2 of B
Task 3 of B
100%
25%
July 15‘ December 15‘November 15‘October 15‘August 15‘
TODAY
50%
25%
Data Logic
Work Template D
Process OwnerInteraction
Common Tasks
Context D
Task 1 of D
Work Plan D
Task 2 of D
Task 3 of D
100%
100%
100%
July 15‘ December 15‘November 15‘October 15‘August 15‘
TODAY
100%Knowledge
worker
Data Logic
Work Template C
Process OwnerInteraction
Common Tasks
Context C
Task 1 of C
Work Plan C
Task 2 of C
Task 3 of C
10%
50%
60%
July 15‘ December 15‘November 15‘October 15‘August 15‘
TODAY
40%
Applied design science process in this thesis
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Identify problem & motivation
Define problem
Section 1
Define objectives of
a solution
What would a better artifact accomplish?
Section 2
Design & Development
Artifact
Section 3
Section 4
Demon-stration
Find suitable context(s) and solve problems
Section 5
Evaluation
Oberserve how efficient and
effective
Section 6
Infe
renc
e
Theo
ry
How
to k
now
ledg
e
Ana
lysi
s kn
owle
dge
Section 7
Pef
fers
et a
l. 20
07
Framework Design Implementation
Literature review on research
challenges
Identification of 30
requirements from literature
Development of the Darwin
prototype
3 case studies completed with
Darwin
Controlled experiment
with 173 participants
Extension of the Hybrid Wiki approach to support KiPs
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Authors
Tailors
Work Template
Work Plan
Process StructureData Structure
Attribute A
Attribute B
Attribute C
Attribute D
Attribute E
Attribute F
Work templates emerge from data, tasks andrelationships
Work plans can beinstantiated from templates
and adapted with new elements
Stage model for the evolution of work templates
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Authors Tailors
work plan work template
Stage I
tasks & attributes
Stage lI
types
Stage lIl
definitions
Stage lV
rules &constraints
Stage V
strict & rigid
tunstructured
lightlystructured
heavilystructured
Proposed structuring elements on a wiki page
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Attributes
Timeline
Types
Tasks
Social feed supports collaboration in KiPs
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Mobile interface of the solution for a smartphone
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Conceptual data model to support KiPs
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Relationship between tasks and attributes
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User Interface Different UI’s for mobile
and desktop Tailors use an additional
interactive CMMN editor
REST API Interaction with backend
only through json Strict unidirectional
seperation between controllers and models
Database Support for dynamic
schemas through MonogoDB
Technical architecture
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MongoDB
Generic Mobile Tailored
Models
REST API
Visitors Authors Tailors
editingreading
Salat
dependency
Controllers
Evaluation design and questionnaire 43 teams with 173 students developing web applications splitted into two groups Productive use of the system from 13th April to 8th July: www.seba-master.de First group uses Darwin for the submission and second group e-mail Filtered responses of students that used the system less than three times
Setup of the controlled experiment with n = 173
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Exercise 1 Exercise 2 Exercise 3 Exercise 4
Results of the controlled software experiment
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Variable 1: Flexibility Variable 2: Structure
Results of the main study: 14.1% improvement of the flexibility without deteriorating the structure
Collaboration
Progress visualization
Work allocation
GuidanceEfficiency
Effectivity
Reproducibility
0
5
DARWIN
Exception handling
Information structure
Creativity
Incremental improvements
Self-organization
Autonomy
0
5
DARWIN
Evaluation design and questionnaire 69 students that were already familiar with the desktop version Usability test took place over two days in small slots of about 20 minutes Participants were asked to perform five typical tasks in the mobile application Usage of think-aloud protocol and observation of user behavior
Setup of the usability test with n = 69
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Evaluated tasks1. Commenting an existing entry in
the social feed2. Navigating to a wiki page3. Creating a new task4. Navigating to the task overview5. Finishing the created task
Results of the usability test
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System Usability Score (SUS) result of 67.57 for the mobile client SUS gives indications about a product‘s usability It is calculated with the responds of the 10 item questionnaire Score ranges from 0 to 100 where a score above 50 is ok Different interpretations of SUS score in terms of product usability
Aaron Bangor, Philip Kortum, and James Miller. Determining what individual sus scores mean: Adding an adjective rating scale, 2009
67.57
Conclusion and critical reflection
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Conclusion Non-experts without knowledge in process modelling are able to structure KiPs Results can be used to provide more flexible case management solutions
Critical Reflection Propagation of work template modifications on work plans not investigated Techniques for the mining of work plans very limited in the current state Not all stages for the evolution of work templates could be evaluated Maintenance of work templates and CMMN workbench need to be improved
Darwin is part of the successful EU research project proposal CONNECARE with on overall budget of approximately 5 million €.
Goal of this project is to support personalized clinical pathways.
Technische Universität MünchenDepartment of InformaticsChair of Software Engineering for Business Information Systems
Boltzmannstraße 385748 Garching bei München
Tel +49.89.289.Fax +49.89.289.17136
wwwmatthes.in.tum.de
Matheus HauderM.Sc., Dipl. Inf.
17104
Thank you for the attention!
Publications[Ma15] Marin, M.; Hauder, M.; Matthes, F.: Case Management: An Evaluation of Existing Approaches for Knowledge-Intensive
Processes, 4rd International Workshop on Adaptive Case Management and other non-workflow approaches to BPM (AdaptiveCM), Innsbruck, Austria, 2015.
[Ha15a] Hauder, M.; Kazman, R.; Matthes, F.: Empowering End-Users to Collaboratively Structure Processes for Knowledge Work. 18th International Conference on Business Information Systems (BIS), Poznan, Poland, 2015.
[Gi15c] Gil, Y.; Michel, F.; Ratnakar, V.; Hauder, M.; Duffy, C.; Hanson, P.: A Task-Centered Framework for Computationally-Grounded Science Collaborations, 11th IEEE International Conference on e-Science, Munich, Germany, 2015.
[Mi15b] Michel, F.; Gil, Y.; Ratnakar, V.; Hauder, M.: A Virtual Crowdsourcing Community for Open Collaboration in Science Processes. 21st Americas Conference on Information Systems (AMCIS),Puerto Rico, 2015.
[Gi15b] Gil, Y.; Michel, F.; Ratnakar, V.; Read, J.; Hauder, M.; Duffy, C.; Hanson, P.; Dugan, H.: Supporting Open Collaboration in Science through Explicit and Linked Semantic Description of Processes. 12th European Semantic Web Conference (ESWC), Portoroz, Slovenia, 2015.
[Mi15a] Michel, F.; Gil, Y.; Ratnakar, V; Hauder, M.: A Task-Centered Interface for On-Line Collaboration in Science, Proceedings of the 20th International ACM Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces (IUI), Atlanta, USA, 2015.
[Ha14c] Hauder, M.; Pigat, S.; Matthes, F.: Research Challenges in Adaptive Case Management: A Literature Review, 3rd International Workshop on Adaptive Case Management and other non-workflow approaches to BPM (AdaptiveCM), Ulm, Germany, 2014.
[Ha14b] Hauder, M.; Münch, D.; Michel, F.; Utz, A.; Matthes, F.: Examining Adaptive Case Handling to Support Processes for Enterprise Architecture Management, 9th Trends in Enterprise Architecture Research Workshop (TEAR), Ulm, Germany, 2014.
[Ha13c] Hauder, M., Roth, S., Lau, A., Matheis, H., Matthes, F.: Supporting Collaborative Product Development through Automated Interpretation of Artifacts, 3rd International Symposium on Business Modeling and Software Design (BMSD 2013), Noordwijkerhout, Netherland, 2013.
[Ha13b]
Hauder, M.: Bridging the Gap between Social Software and Business Process Management: A Research Agenda, 7th IEEE International Conference on Research Challenges in Information Science (RCIS 2013), Doctoral Consortium, Paris, France, 2013.
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