enabled by 5g wireless...

1InterDigital Confidential and Proprietary © 2016 InterDigital, Inc.All rights reserved.

Byung K. Yi, Dr. of Sci.InterDigital Communication Inc., EVP & CTO

“4th Agricultural Revolution”; Enabled By 5G Wireless CommunicationIEEE Vertical and Topical Summit on Agriculture

,May 8-9, Tuscany, Italy 2018

2

State of Current Wireless System, and 5G Wireless Design (Requirements)

Internal Confidential: Internal Use Only – InterDigital Confidential and Proprietary

Wireless Network Generations

0G: Briefcase-size mobile radio telephones1G: Brick-size Analog cellular telephony2G: StarTrac-size Digital cellular telephony3G: High-speed digital cellular telephony

(including Multi-Media including Video )4G (LTE): IP-based “anytime, anywhere” voice, data, and multimedia telephony at faster speed5G: EMBB (Enhanced Mobile Broadband), MTC

(Machine Type Comm), and URLL

Brief History of Wireless Communication

Wireless Network Generations

5GOFDM

1G 2G 3G 4G2.5G 5G

LTE-Advanced Technologies

Where do people use their Smart Phone?

Source: Small Cell Forum

The volume: Indoor vs Outdoor

BT Presentation at Cambridge Future wireless 15

Traffic from mobile devices: Analysys Mason

0

50

100

150

200

250

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

PetabytesperM

onth

Total traffic

Outdoor traffic

Indoor traffic

LTE-Advanced Technologies

� Now 80% of mobile traffic byvolume is generated indoors(Ofcom)

� More capacity requires more radiosites

– In-building Base stations– On-street small cells

9Creating the Living Network

Predictable Evolution Paths for 5G•5G would be a Seamless Heterogeneous Network Intertwined LTEEnhancements and New Indoor Access Technologies

• LTE Enhancement for beyond Release 14/15• Indoor New Access technology for IEEE 802.xx like or Completely New RAT

•For the Mobile Service with high Mobility and Nomadic would be served byWAN and MAN (LTE A Enhancement)

• For the Mobile Service at Indoor would be connected to New Access RAT

• Two Possible ways to split Traffics• C-Plain vs U-Plane• Outdoor vs Indoor

13Creating the Living Network

What is the 5G?

5G = LTE Enhancement for Outdoor with High Mobility +Access Enhancement for Indoor

I am always Right and everybody elseIs always Wrong. What’s to argue about?

Source: Reproduced with permission of ITU

• The speed of current breakthrough has no historical precedence which is evolving exponentially.

• The disruption is almost every industry in every country• The breadth and depth of these changes herald the transformation of entire systems

of production, management, and government

New Usage Scenarios and Services in 5GKey challenge for 5G design: support for different services having diverging requirements

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5G Use Cases and Key Requirements

InterDigital Confidential and Proprietary© 2017 InterDigital, Inc. All rights reserved.

Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB)

▪ Peak data rates: 20 Gbps (DL) and 10 Gbps (UL)▪ Peak spectral efficiency:

30 bps/Hz (DL) and 15 bps/Hz (UL)▪ 4 ms user plane latency▪ Indoor/hotspot and enhanced wide-area

coverage

Massive Machine Type

Communications (mMTC)

▪ Low data rates (1 to 100 kbps)

▪ High device density(up to 1,000,000 /km2)

▪ Latency: Seconds to hours▪ Low power: Up to 15 years

battery life

Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communications

(URLLC) ▪ Low to medium data rates

(50 kbps to 10 Mbps)▪ 0.5 ms user plane latency▪ 99.999% reliability and availability

within 1 ms▪ High mobility

Key challenge for 5G design: support for different services having diverging requirements

Source: ITU-R SG5 WP-5D

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3GPP Activities Overview – Standards Timeline


2017 2018 2019 2020

LTE Release 16

New Radio Phase 2 WIs (R16) New Radio R17

LTE Release 17LTE Release 15R14

Phase 1 Specifications

Phase 2 Specifications

Phase 1 - Early DropToday

New Radio Phase 2 Study Item(s) New Radio Study Items

Phased approach enables early commercial deployment of Phase 1 ahead of 2020 and Phase 2 in 2022+

IMT-2020 Submission

(R16 NR + R16 LTE)

New Radio Phase 1 WI (R15)

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The Evidences of the 4th Agricultural Revolution


5th Generation Wireless Communication System would create:

� Hyper Connected Networks� Hyper Intelligences� Hyper Massive Customized Productions� Hyper Automatic Everything� New Economy

4th Agricultural Revolution

InterDigital Confidential and Proprietary © 2016 InterDigital, Inc.All rights reserved. 21

Agricultural RevolutionsHistorical Views on Agricultural Revolutions

InterDigital Confidential and Proprietary © 2016 InterDigital, Inc.All rights reserved.

• The Rise and Fall of a country is highly correlated to the agricultural revolution cycle and to the change of paradigm shift

• The Agricultural revolution led to the industrial Revolution• Agricultural Revolution has been due to “ Out of Desperations”

• New Invention of Tools • More efficient Farming

• Instigate Industrial Revolution• Cultural/Social Society

Invention of Tools

WorkforceTransformation

Industrial Revolution

High EfficientFarms

Cultural/SocialDevelopment

Agricultural RevolutionsHistorical Views on Agricultural Revolutions


10,000 Years BC 1600/ AD~1800 1970’s 2018Pre-Historic

1st AgriculturalRevolution

2nd AgriculturalRevolution

3rd AgriculturalRevolution

4th AgriculturalRevolution

Industrial RevolutionsHistorical Views on Industrial Revolutions


, 1ST Industrial Revolution

2nd IndustrialRevolution

3rd Industrial Revolution

4th IndustrialRevolution

Time frame c. 1760~1830 c.1850~1914 (WW I)

c.1945~2013 C-2013~

Methods of Production Hand Increased Automation Harnessing Information tech. with Automation

Smart Factory, 3D Printing, Customized Mass Production

Mass Production Textiles Steel (Bessemer Processor) Computer, Internet, WWW. CPS, Digital Twins

Power source(Energy)

Water, Coal, Steal, Iron Petroleum & Electricity Solar, Wind, Nuclear,Electricity, Petroleum

Same as 3rd IR and more eco-friendly

New Energy Steam Engine Internal combustion Natural EnergyNuclear

Genetics, 3D printing, AI robotics, IoT, Nanotechnology, Quantum computing

Inventions Spinning JennyWater frameSpinning muleCotton Gin

Automobile, Chemicals, RailroadsTelegraph, Telephone, and RADIO, Vaccine, Airplane,

Computer, Internet, WWW, Commercial JetDNA sequencing,

Smart Phone, Big Data and cloud computing, Autonomous Automobile, Share Economy

Std. of Living for workingclass

Awful, Cities Appeared Still bad, but improving Middle Class, Accumulation of Capital

Bifurcations of Capital Distribution

First Agricultural RevolutionsFirst Agricultural Revolution


• The first agricultural revolution were wide-spread throughout the regions and time periods• Before the 1st Agricultural Revolution, foods for survival for their own tribes through

gathering, hunting, fishing• They were Nomadic followed food• Small population• The first Agricultural revolution was signified by “Domestication animals and crops from

their region, starting from Mespotamin area. Later it spread all over the world • Seed agriculture along east-west axis routes and rice in south east Asia• The impacts of the 1st Agricultural Revolution were:

a. Sedentary lifestyleb. People get healthier and Population Increasedc. Surplus of foods allowed for specialization of laborsd. Allowed for secondary and ternary sectors of economy to develope. Still had some regional migration

Second Agricultural RevolutionsSecond Agricultural Revolution 17th ~18th


• The 2nd Agricultural Revolution led to the Industrial Revolution • New technology from the agricultural revolution made farming much more efficient• More goods were produced in less time, with less people needed to do work• New crops from Newly found land (America)• Crop Rotation• Example of new technology

a. Jethro Tull - Seed Drillb. Cast-iron plow (1791)c. Horse-drawn cultivator

• Wealthy upper class invested in the agriculture. The Money was used for further development of tools

• Government policy allowed Enclosure movement• Effects of 2nd AR

• Production increased, cost of food dropped, and increased population• Population of cities increased rapidely

Third Agricultural RevolutionsThird Agricultural Revolution 1970’s (Green Revolution)


• The 3rd Agricultural revolution was to focus to increase yields to eliminate hungers to use genetically engineered seeds and advanced fertilizes

• To recover from long-term soil degradation• To try to solve the un-equal distribution• Commercial farming is big machinery to produce the large crop yield• Large cities are almost always surrounded by large farms, orchards, or vineyards using

commercial agriculture• Crops produced by commercial farming

a. cerealsb. Beetsc. Milkd. Pork and beefe. Grapes

Forth Agricultural RevolutionsThird Agricultural Revolution 2018 (Samrt Farm)


• The 4th Agricultural revolution would take advantages from 4th industrial revolution which is enabled by 5th generation Wireless communications

• The world population would be 9.0 Billion at 2035. Which means 70% more foods have to produced

• Also, the safety of food increasingly being important• It highly depends upon highly new technologies: IoT, and cloud computing • More over, 5th Generation of the wireless communication, Artificial Intelligence, Big data

analysis to double the food productivity and to secure the supply chain• Here are simple example we could hook up a decent size of winery with in reasonable cost

Forth Agricultural Revolutions (Example)4th Agricultural Revolution 2018 (Samrt Farm)




• The example I am sharing with you may not needs even 5G capabilities, but 5G will provide very reliable data to control the whole farm remotely

• It reduced to 50% of water consumption and high quality of fruits• Also, the safety of food increasingly being important

• Typical Avocado grove uses 4 acre-feet of water per acre peryear• 1 acre-foot=325,851 gallons

• The cost of water per acre-foot ($1400)• Average price per pound is $.75.• Means that 4200 ponds of fruit used to required to cover the water bill• But after implementation of smart farm only needs 2400 pounds.

• Good Profits



• One more example: VitiRover Cover-grass maintenance Robot

47

Thank you!

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