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18-1 Finding Order in Diversity
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18-1 Finding Order in Diversity
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18-1 Finding Order in Diversity
Natural selection and other processes have led to a staggering diversity of organisms.
Biologists have identified and named about 1.5 million species so far.
They estimate that 2–100 million additional species have yet to be discovered.
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Why Classify?
1. public health / disease control: parasites & hosts
2. identifying species important to preserving ecosystems
3. To monitor evolution as new species appear
Why Classify?
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Why Classify?
Taxonomy is:
–the discipline of organizing and classifying the diversity of life
–assigning each organism a universally accepted scientific name.
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Assigning Scientific Names
Why assign Scientific Names?
Common names of organisms vary and can be
confusing.
1.There can be more than one name for the same organism. Ex: puma, mountain lion, cougar.
2. Different languages have different names for the same organism.
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3. Common names can lead us to believe that an
organism is something that it’s really not.
ringworm is not a worm hedgehogs are
but really a fungus not really hogs (pigs)
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Assigning Scientific NamesScientific Naming:
Carolus Linneaus developed a naming system called binomial nomenclature.
In binomial nomenclature, each species is assigned a two-part scientific name.
The scientific name is italicized or underlined.
Latin is used for scientific names because is a universal language.
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Assigning Scientific Names
- The first part of the name is the genus to which the organism belongs. The genus name is capitalized.
- The second part of the name is unique to each species within the genus. The species name is lowercased.
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E. Linnaeus also grouped organisms into categories that showed specific relatedness between organisms
Linnaeus's seven levels of classification are—from largest to smallest.
Kingdom King
Phylum Philip
Class Came
Order Over
Family For
Genus Great
Species Spaghetti
Linnaeus's System of Classification
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KINGDOM Animalia
Black bear
Giant panda
Grizzly bear
Red fox
Sea star
Abert squirrel
Coral snake
Each level is called a taxon, or taxonomic category
The kingdom is the largest and most inclusive of Linnaeus's taxonomic categories.
Linnaeus's System of Classification
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Linnaeus's System of Classification
.
Species and genus are the two smallest categories.
Grizzly bear
Black bear
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Red fox
Grizzly bear
Black bear
Giant panda
Sea star
Coral snake
Abert squirrel
Linnaeus's System of Classification
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18-1
Which statement about classification is true?
a. Biologists use regional names for organisms.
b. Biologists use a common classification system based on similarities that have scientific significance.
c. Biologists have identified and named most species found on Earth.
d. Taxonomy uses a combination of common and scientific names to make the system more useful.
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18-1
Linnaeus's two-word naming system is called
a. binomial nomenclature.
b. taxonomy.
c. trinomial nomenclature.
d. classification.
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18-1
Several different classes make up a(an)
a. family.
b. species.
c. kingdom.
d. phylum.
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18-1
A group of closely related species is a(an)
a. class.
b. genus.
c. family.
d. order.
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18-1
Which of the following lists the terms in order from the group with the most species to the group with the least?
a. order, phylum, family, genus
b. family, genus, order, phylum
c. phylum, class, order, family
d. genus, family, order, phylum