Energy and LifeCh 8-1

Energy and Life

• Energy is the ability to do work

• All living things require energy just like our household appliances need energy to function

Autotrophic vs heterotrophic

• When talking about the energy of life we can break all of life up into two categories

• Autotrophs

• Heterotrophs

• Autotrophs are any living organisms that have the ability to make their own food

• Plants are an example of autotrophs because they make their own food through photosynthesis

Autotrophic vs heterotrophic

• Heterotrophs are any organism that must consume food in order to obtain energy because they can not make it themselves

• Animals are all heterotrophic

Autotrophic vs heterotrophic

Chemical Energy• Energy can come in many forms

• Energy can also be stored in chemical compounds

• Example: Carbon and Hydrogen in a candle combine with Oxygen in the air to produce water and Carbon Dioxide

Chemical Energy• We will look at chemical energy with three compounds

• AMP -- Adenosine Monophosphate

• ADP -- Adenosine Diphosphate

• ATP -- Adenosine Triphosphate

AMP• AMP is Adenosine Monophosphate

• AMP is made up of Adenine, Ribose and a Phosphate group that only has 1 Phosphate molecule

• AMP will store the least amount of energy of our chemicals

ADP• ADP is Adenosine Diphosphate

• ADP is made up of Adenine, Ribose and a Phosphate group that only has 2 Phosphate molecules

• ADP will store more energy than AMP but we will still need to store even more energy

ATP• ATP is Adenosine Triphosphate

• ATP is made up of Adenine, Ribose and a Phosphate group that only has 3 Phosphate molecules

• ATP will store the most amount of energy, like a fully charged battery

Glucose• Even though ATP store alot of energy, this energy only lasts for a few seconds

• Cells need to store energy for the long term as well

• They do this by storing energy in carbohydrates like glucose