energy and nutrients in the ecosystem. energy…….. the ability to do work the ability to do work...
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Energy and Nutrients in the EcosystemEnergy and Nutrients in the Ecosystem
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Energy……..Energy……..
The ability to do workThe ability to do work
Builds cells and tissuesBuilds cells and tissues
GrowthGrowth
ReproductionReproduction
Responding to environmentResponding to environment
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Energy is passed from organism to organism by feeding relationships in the ecosystem!!!
Trophic Levels Trophic Levels (feeding levels)
Each step in the transfer of Each step in the transfer of energy in a communityenergy in a community
ProducersProducers
ConsumersConsumers
DecomposersDecomposers
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Producers/Autotrophs: can make their own foodProducers/Autotrophs: can make their own food
Use photosynthesis to convert sunlight in to Use photosynthesis to convert sunlight in to chemical energychemical energy
Produce carbohydrates for immediate use or Produce carbohydrates for immediate use or storage for laterstorage for later
Examples include plants, algae, and some bacteriaExamples include plants, algae, and some bacteria
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•Consumers/Heterotrophs: Consumers/Heterotrophs: (obtain food by eating other (obtain food by eating other organisms)organisms)
•Ex: Animals, fungi, protists, and most bacteriaEx: Animals, fungi, protists, and most bacteria
•Types of Consumers:Types of Consumers:
Primary ConsumersPrimary Consumers
Secondary ConsumersSecondary Consumers
Tertiary ConsumersTertiary Consumers
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Energy flows through an ecosystem. From the Energy flows through an ecosystem. From the sun to producers to consumers to decomposers, sun to producers to consumers to decomposers, energy powers the interactions of ecosystems.energy powers the interactions of ecosystems.
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•Shows the flow of energy from one organism to another through each trophic level
•Energy flow is represented by an arrow
•Arrow goes in direction of energy
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•A food web is a A food web is a representation of all of representation of all of the the interconnected food interconnected food chainschains in an ecosystem in an ecosystem
•Food webs show Food webs show multiple feeding multiple feeding relationshipsrelationships
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Ecologists use ecological pyramids to represent Ecologists use ecological pyramids to represent the relationships among trophic levelsthe relationships among trophic levels
There are 3 types of ecological pyramids:There are 3 types of ecological pyramids:
Pyramid of EnergyPyramid of Energy
Pyramid of BiomassPyramid of Biomass
Pyramid of NumbersPyramid of Numbers
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Shows total amount of incoming energy at each trophic level
The 10% rule predicts that only 10% of the energy in one trophic level is available to the next level
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Shows total mass of living tissue at each levelShows total mass of living tissue at each level
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Shows the total number of organisms at each Shows the total number of organisms at each trophic leveltrophic level
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Species organisms that interbreed and produce fertile offspring
Population A group of the same species living in an area
Community different populations interacting in an area
Ecosystem Community interacting with its environment