energy-efficient data collection for bluetooth-based ... · a communication protocol for sensor...
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Energy-Efficient Data Collection for Bluetooth-Based Sensor Networks
Matthias Handy, Jan Blumenthal, Dirk Timmermann
Institute of Applied Microelectronics and Computer Science
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Take Home Message
• Data Collection Protocol –a communication protocol for sensor networks
• Optimized for BT-equipped sensor nodes
• Builds a tree of clusters and collects data to a central base station
• Not affected by piconet or scatternet restrictions
DCP:
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Outline
• Problem Statement• BT and Sensor Networks• Data Collection Protocol (DCP)
– Set-Up Phase– Steady-State Phase
• Simulation Results
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Problem Statement
• How to collect sensor data from a networkwith BT-equipped sensor nodes?– scalable– robust– energy-efficient
Scenario: Flood Prevention
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BT and Sensor Networks
• ... a contradiction?– delay– energy consumption– network layer constraints
• ... but– cheap– available (!)– medium access
Thesis: Bluetooth is a qualified for prototypingsensor network applications!
625µs
80Mhz
f
t
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Data Collection Protocol
• Term „Data Collection“
• Cooperation Strategy: Clustering– Cluster Head, Cluster Member
• Periodic Cluster Reorganization– Energy consumption– Topology changes
• PFA = Packet Forward Address
• DCP does not maintain connections duringsteady-state (unlike scatternets!)
1
32
cluster head
cluster members
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Data Collection Protocol – 2 Phases
Set-Up Steady-State
- Cluster Head Selection- Cluster Formation- PFA Delivery
Collection of Sensor Data
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DCP – Set-Up-Phase (I)
B
12 3
4
57
6
810
9
11
1. Cluster Head Selection- randomly determined
2. Base Station Inquiry- detect CH and 1-hop-CM
3. Base Station transmits PFA- first CMs (1,3,4), then CHs (2)
4. Discovered nodes turn off inquiry scan- „invisibible“ mode
BS-Cluster
5. 1-hop-distant CH inquiry- CM and CH discov. by BS are not
detected due to disabled inq. scan6. 1-hop-distant CH transmit PFA
- first CMs (6), then CHs (5,7)
...
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Abbrevations:BS = Base StationCM = Cluster MemberCH = Cluster HeadPFA = Packet Forward Address
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DCP – Steady-State-Phase
• CM transfer sensor data to CH• CH preprocess sensor data
(data compression/fusion)• CH forward aggregated data to
PFA/BS
B
12 3
4
57
6
810
9
11
BS-Cluster
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Nodes disconnect immediately (unlike scatternets)
• clusters are not limited to piconet size
• energy savings for low data rates• reduced interference
(How many Bluetooth piconets fit into a room?)
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Simulation Results (I)legend: [node density; node's transmission range]2 simulation set-ups: 100m*100m with 100 nodes (node density 0.01)
50m*50m with 100 nodes (node density 0.04)
Cluster Head Probability
Number of Nodes Dependingon a Cluster Head
Cluster Head Probability
Unconnected Nodes
Unc
onne
cted
Nod
es [%
]
Nod
es D
epen
ding
on
a C
lust
er H
ead
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Simulation Results (II)
Cluster Head Probability
Ave
rage
Num
ber
of H
ops
to B
S
Average Number of Hops to BS Max. Number of Hops to BS
Max
. Num
ber
of H
ops
to B
S
Cluster Head Probability
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Take Home Message
• Data Collection Protocol –a communication protocol for sensor networks
• Optimized for BT-equipped sensor nodes
• Builds a tree of clusters and collects data to a central base station
• Not affected by piconet or scatternet restrictions
DCP:
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Thank You!
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DCP – Set-Up-Phase (II)
• Synchronization of inquiry scans– Waiting time of cluster heads before inquiry
rTT bc ⋅=
Tc = waiting time
Tb = basic time
r = # of discov-ered CH not yet connected
97 %100 %99 %ready after 6s
4.474.464.40Tg (s)
Aiptek BT-USB(Transilica)
Epox BT-DG02 (CSR)
Allnet 1572 (Broadcom)
Bluetooth-USB-Module (chip set)
Time for Connection Establishment, Data Transmission(DM1-packet), and Disconnection
Basic Time
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Outlook and Implementation