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EnErgy, ElEctrics &ElEctronics

crEating tomorrow’s solutions

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Energy, Electrics & Electronics: Efficiency and operational safety are the main factors determining the success of future-proof solutions in the energy and electrical sectors. As a global leader in silicones and silanes, WACKER provides the vital impetus for optimizing products and processes.

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EnErgy, ElEctrics & ElEctronicsContents

Electronics & Lighting

Electrical Insulation Industry

Wires & Cables

Silanes for the Electronics Industry

Epitaxy

12insulators, arresters & insulator coatings

12 13cable accessories

transformers

4optoelectronics

6 6 7 7automotive Electronics

instrumentation & control and sensor technology

lighting consumer Electronics

8mica & glass cloth laminates

8 8 10Heating Elements

resistors & capacitors

14safety cables

16 16 17 17 19instrumentation & control cables

ignition & Battery cables

ship, marine & offshore cables

railway cables cables for lighting

19cables for Household appliances

Planarizing

23 26 28Photovoltaics wind Power

28solar thermal Energy

30 31 32silanes in chip manufacturing

Photolithography & Processing aids

Transmission & Distribution Industry

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Crystal Growing Renewable Energies

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WACKER at a GlanceThermal Insulation

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Aviation & Aerospace

31Product Developments for the next generation

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OptoelectronicsLight-emitting diodes (LED) have huge po-tential for innovation. Thanks to the trans-parency and outstanding heat and radiation resistance of SEMICOSIL® and LUMISIL®, these silicone products ensure a high, uni-form light yield compared to conventional epoxy-based encapsulants. Both flexible silicone elastomers and hard silicone resins are used to make lenses and encapsulate diodes. WACKER offers transparent materi-als with refractive indexes R.I. of 1.4 and >1.5 and UV-curing silicones.

Applications Bonding & sealingPotting compound

Products LUMISIL®

SEMICOSIL®

Reliable Integrity for Electronics & Lighting

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see also: www.wacker.com Products & Markets Energy, Electrics & Electronics Electronics & Lighting

EnErgy, ElEctrics & ElEctronics ElEctronics & ligHting

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Automotive ElectronicsThe comfort, safety and efficiency of vehicles largely depend on the quality of the electronic systems. Our ELASTOSIL®, SEMICOSIL® and WACKER SilGel® silicone ranges ensure that the components function perfectly. These silicones feature an impres-sive property profile, especially for automo-tive applications. In the manufacture of electronic control units and sensors, RTV-1 and RTV-2 silicone rubbers are used for sealing housing components, bonding individual elements and encapsulating electronic parts.


Products ELASTOSIL®, SEMICOSIL®,WACKER SilGel®

Instrumentation & Control and Sensor TechnologyELASTOSIL® silicone rubber and WACKER SilGel® silicone gel are highly resistant to chemicals and extreme temperature fluctua-tions. Since they also offer a wide range of processing capabilities, they are the preferred choice in the very diverse fields of delicate sensor technology and instru-mentation and control: e.g., for coating and encapsulating sensitive parts. In addition, special product grades are designed to effectively protect selected areas of compo-nents. Sealants and adhesives are used for sealing housings by FIPG and CIPG techniques.


Products ELASTOSIL®, WACKER SilGel®

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LightingA modern energy-saving light bulb con-sumes less than a fifth of the energy of a conventional incandescent light bulb with the same light yield. Heat-resistant ELASTOSIL® silicone rubbers provide the adhesive bonds with the required perma-nent elasticity. SILRES® phenyl silicone resins, thanks to their heat resistance, water repellency and high reactivity, are ideal binders for incandescent light bulb socket cements. They provide a strong and durable mechanical bond between the glass bulb and metal socket.

Applications Energy-saving light bulbsIncandescent light bulbs

Products ELASTOSIL®, SILRES®

Consumer ElectronicsELASTOSIL® silicones have proved indi-spensable in virtually all electronics seg-ments thanks to their outstanding charac-teristics: they are used to optimize a wide range of applications that depend on elec-trical, chemical and mechanical properties – as seals, insulation or keypads, for exam-ple. Because they remain fully functional and reliably fireproof throughout their entire life span, they are ideal for use in domestic appliances, mobile phones and other elec-tronic equipment used in modern everyday life.

Applications Electrical appliancesHousehold appliancesMobile phones

Products ELASTOSIL®

EnErgy, ElEctrics & ElEctronics ElEctronics & ligHting

see also: www.wacker.com Products & Markets Energy, Electrics & Electronics Electronics & Lighting

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Mica & Glass Cloth LaminatesSILRES® silicone resins are key components for producing elec-trically insulating composites. They perfectly complement the properties of silicone elastomers. Their vulcanizates are extremely heat resistant, non-flammable, and provide delicate mica and glass cloth laminates with high mechanical strength. Mica tape manufactured with WACKER PSA silicone reliably insulates electri-cal conductors and ensures that safety cables remain fully func-tional even in a fire.

Applications Mica & glass cloth laminates

Products SILRES®

Heating Elements SILRES® silicone resins, because of their high heat resistance, electrical insulating capabilities and water repellency, are ideally suited to impregnating mineral fillers. In addition, an ELASTOSIL® silicone rubber barrier layer reli-ably protects the sensitive electri-cal components from moisture penetration, short-circuits and corrosion to ensure that electrical heating elements give years of trouble-free service.

Applications Gaskets Water-repellent treatment

Products ELASTOSIL®, SILRES®

Resistors & CapacitorsResistors and capacitors, essen-tial components in electrical ap-pliances, require effective surge protection. This is provided by SILRES® methyl silicone resins, which act as effective binders for the mineral fillers. Silicone resin protective coatings are non-flam-mable, emit little or no smoke and remain electrically insulating even when pyrolyzed. A methyl silicone resin-based gloss coat can be applied to the coatings to enhance their appearance.

Applications Resistors & capacitors

Products SILRES® KSILRES® MK Powder

The Ultimate Binders for Electrical Insulation

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see also: www.wacker.com Products & Markets Energy, Electrics & Electronics Electrical insulation industry

EnErgy, ElEctrics & ElEctronics ElEctrical insulation inDustry

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Epitaxy Certain electronic devices need absolutely flawless wafer surfaces with a resistivity up to 1,000 times higher than the bulk resis-tivity. High-purity gas is the key to achieving this. Ultrapure chlorosilanes are essential for precise control of surface characteris-tics. Particle-free ultrapure chlorosilanes such as trichlorosilane or silicon tetrachlo-ride are used to deposit silicon layers just a few microns thick from the gas phase onto a polished silicon wafer. The high purity of the product is also essential for precise and reproducible control of the resistivity of the epitaxial layers.

Applications Semiconductor & solar applications

Products Chlorosilanes

Chlorosilanes with Guaranteed Purity

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see also: www.wacker.com Products & Markets Energy, Electrics & Electronics Epitaxy

EnErgy, ElEctrics & ElEctronics EPitaxy

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Insulators, Arresters & Insulator Coatings WACKER offers POWERSIL®, a compre-hensive range of high-quality silicone elas-tomers, from ready-to-use, low-viscosity liquid rubbers to solid rubber grades, for the production of composite insulators and arresters. POWERSIL® coating materials are specifically designed for ceramic and glass insulators.

Cable AccessoriesCable accessories of POWERSIL® silicone rubber for medium and high voltage cables make a significant contribution to maintain-ing a reliable electricity supply thanks to their excellent dielectric properties, elasticity, weathering stability, tracking and arc resistance. POWERSIL® silicone rubbers also permit various types of field grading from medium to high voltage applications, for both slip-over and cold-shrink technologies.

Silicones for the Transmission and Distribution Industry

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see also: www.wacker.com Products & Markets Energy, Electrics & Electronics transmission & Distribution industry

EnErgy, ElEctrics & ElEctronics transmission & DistriBution inDustry

TransformersNew transformers are designed for higher continuous service temperatures than used to be the case. POWERSIL® transformer fluids provide the perfect match for these requirements due to their outstanding stability at high temperatures.

Applications

Insulators, arresters and insulator coatings Cable accessoriesTransformers

Produkte POWERSIL®, POWERSIL® XLR, POWERSIL® Fluid

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First Choice for Robust Cable Insulation

Safety Cables Ideally, safety cables should not only mini-mize fire damage but also save lives. In the event of a fire, safety cables must continue to function perfectly throughout the entire firefighting operation. Novel ELASTOSIL® silicone rubbers are applied to the copper conductor in the cable. When it burns, the silicone rubber turns into a very hard ce-ramic layer which continues to provide adequate electrical insulation even at tem-peratures of around 1,000 °C. This ensures that fire alarms, elevators, extinguisher pumps and smoke and heat extractors remain fully functional even under extreme conditions.

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see also: www.wacker.com Products & Markets Energy, Electrics & Electronics wires & cables

EnErgy, ElEctrics & ElEctronics wirEs & caBlEs

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Instrumentation & Control CablesInstrumentation and control cables manufactured from specially developed ELASTOSIL® products for high electrical breakdown resistance, mechanical stability and temperature resistance are able to meet a very wide range of requirements. High tensile strength grades offer especially high notch or abrasion resistance. Oil-resistant silicone rubbers permit the manufacture of cables with increased chemical resistance.

Ignition & Battery CablesExtremely heat-stable, mechanically strong sheathing and insulating materials with ex-cellent electrical breakdown resistance are indispensable for all aspects of energy management in modern vehicles. Silicone rubbers from the ELASTOSIL® R range make a valuable contribution to product safety as they can be used at temperatures up to 250 °C and briefly even up to 300 °C. Their outstanding tear resistance prevents ignition cables from becoming damaged during repairs or if abraded against edges in the engine compartment.

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Ship, Marine & Offshore CablesELASTOSIL® R silicone rubbers are superbly qualified to meet the stringent requirements of cable sheathing and insulation on ships and oil rigs. They can be used at tempera-tures up to 180 °C for extended periods and their high tear resistance reliably pro-tects cables in the engine and generator rooms from damage. Ceramifying, flame-retardant silicones ensure extremely high safety standards even under extreme conditions since they do not release toxic combustion products in the event of a fire.

Railway Cables Trains, subways and the associated tunnel systems use flame-resistant, highly heat-stable and non-toxic ceramifying ELASTOSIL® R products. Their high tear resistance ensures that cable sheathes are not damaged if abraded against edges, for example between wagons or in the engines of locomotives. HCR silicone rubber's high mechanical strength also allows it to be in-stalled with narrow bending radii, while its high UV stability permits exposed cables to be produced in an attractive range of colors and designs.



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Cables for Household Appliances Most domestic appliances are used for cooking, baking and heating food and drinks - wherever there is a hot spot. Since ELASTOSIL® R products can be used at 180 °C for long periods of time and special silicone rubber grades can withstand 250 °C, and even 300 °C for short periods, they are ideally suited for use in household appliances. Their outstanding mechanical strength and flexibility allows scope for creativity in appliance design.

Cables for Lighting Fluorescent tubes, otherwise known as neon tubes, are characterized by their high light yield, low energy consumption and long service life. ELASTOSIL® R comple-ments them perfectly with an impressive range of properties including an electrical breakdown resistance of 20 kV/mm, versa-tile pigmentability and heat stability. Since silicone rubbers can easily withstand tem-peratures of 180 °C in the long term, and special grades can be used up to 250 °C and even 300 °C for short periods, they make the ideal insulating material for starter cables in neon tubes and halogen lighting.

Products ELASTOSIL® RELASTOSIL® Rplus SILMIX® CG

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wacKEr silicone rubber is the insulating material of choice for wires and cables wherever particularly high demands are placed on electrical, mechanical and safety-related properties.

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Future Technology

Aerospace Modern satellite systems perform vital scientific and commercial tasks. Products in the ELASTOSIL® R range meet all the requirements placed on technology used in satellite construction. Groundbreaking RTV-1 and RTV-2 silicone rubbers ensure the secure bonding of solar cells and their cover glass in solar generators. ESA-com-pliant adhesives and potting compounds are radiation-resistant, low-outgassing and remain highly flexible at all temperatures, making them ideal for demanding aero-space applications.

Applications Satellite systems

Products ELASTOSIL® S

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see also: www.wacker.com Products & Markets Energy, Electrics & Electronics aviation & aerospace

EnErgy, ElEctrics & ElEctronics aviation & aErosPacE

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High-Performance Materials for Planarizing

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see also: www.wacker.com Products & Markets Energy, Electrics & Electronics Planarizing

EnErgy, ElEctrics & ElEctronics Planarizing

PlanarizingThe production of semiconductor devices, such as logic, memory and controller chips, requires a multilayer construction compris-ing submicroscopic structures of silicon, silicon dioxide, tungsten, copper and others. Precise geometric dimensions are vital to ensure that devices function perfectly. These can be generated by photolithogra-phy and CMP (chemical-mechanical planarizing), whereby each layer must be planarized at a nanoscale before the next processing stage. With increasing complexity of the devices, more CMP stages are required – and the consumption of CMP slurries increases accordingly. HDK® pyrogenic silica plays an important role by serving as abrasive particles in the CMP process.

Applications Chemical-mechanical planarizing Products HDK® C 10, HDK® S 13

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Crystal GrowingUltrapure polysilicon is a basic requirement for the manufacture of flawless silicon crystals with optimum product yields. Czochralski and float zone processes are used to grow crystals with the high purity necessary for high-performance semicon-ductor elements such as memory chips, microprocessors, transistors and diodes. WACKER offers a comprehensive product range, from polysilicon float-zone ingots to poly chunks for replenishing crucibles. Photovoltaics also use processes such as directional solidification of multicrystalline silicon ingots and various continuous pro-cesses (e.g. ribbon growth). In addition to the polysilicon chunks designed specifically for photovoltaic applications, WACKER also produces granular polysilicon. Thanks to its good flow characteristics, provided that suitable processes are used, granular polysilicon allows solar crystals to be produced significantly more cost-effectively and efficiently.

Applications Semiconductor & photovoltaic applications

Products Polycrystalline Silicon

Ultrapure Silicon for Demanding Semiconductor and Photovoltaic Applications

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see also: www.wacker.com Products & Markets Energy, Electrics & Electronics crystal growing

EnErgy, ElEctrics & ElEctronics crystal growing

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See also: www.wacker.com Products & markets Energy, Electrics & Electronics renewable Energies

PhotovoltaicsThe generation of electrical energy using climate-friendly solar systems is a key com-ponent of sustainable energy production. Silicones of the ELASTOSIL® Solar and TECTOSIL® product ranges perform an essential role in ensuring that photovoltaic modules function smoothly and reliably in the long-term: they ensure the bonding of different module components, protect sen-sitive solar cells from mechanical effects

Sustainable Solutions for a Climate-Friendly Energy Generation

and moisture, insulate electrical compo-nents from external influences and focus sunlight onto concentrator cells. As an encapsulating material of photocells, the innovative thermoplastic silicone elastomer TECTOSIL® optimizes the production cycle and, with its long-term stability, complies with module manufacturers’ stringent quality requirements.

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EnErgy, ElEctrics & ElEctronics rEnEwaBlE EnErgiEs

Applications Photovoltaics

Products ELASTOSIL® Solar, TECTOSIL®

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Solar Thermal Energy Solar thermal systems make high demands on all the materials used. Silicone-based solutions from the ELASTOSIL® Solar range provide the perfect characteristics for solar applications. These special self-adhesive silicones are particularly resistant to weath-ering, radiation and heat, and ensure dura-ble and reliable bonding between the glass cover and the collector housing. Highly heat-stable silicone fluids marketed under the brand name WACKER® AK and AP act as heat-transfer fluids, effectively removing the energy generated, and remaining liquid even at low temperatures.

Applications Solar thermal energy

Products ELASTOSIL® Solar, WACKER® AK, WACKER® AP

Wind PowerHighly durable ELASTOSIL® and SILRES® products effectively promote the commer-cial use of renewable energy systems. Highly resistant to temperature shocks and external effects, silicone rubbers and resins are used in wind turbines for encapsulation of sensitive electronic components, optimi-zation of sealants and adhesives, cooling and electrical insulation of transformers and the cost-effective production of composite materials. HDK® pyrogenic silica acts as an effective rheology modifier for the compo-site materials used in wind turbines.

Applications Wind energy Composite molding

Products ELASTOSIL® C, ELASTOSIL® RT, HDK® H, HDK® N, SILRES® H, WACKER SilGel®

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see also: www.wacker.com Products & Markets Energy, Electrics & Electronics renewable Energies

EnErgy, ElEctrics & ElEctronics rEnEwaBlE EnErgiEs

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Silanes in Chip Manufacturing For years, silanes have been used to pro-duce insulating layers in chip manufacturing. SEMICOSIL® TEOS silanes, available in various different purity grades, are the most recent development. Silanes are applied from the gas phase to the wafer surface where they are converted to silicon dioxide (chemical vapor deposition). As compo-nents become ever smaller, however, the requirements of the dielectric constant of the oxidic insulators on the lower layers of the chips change. This constant should ide-ally correspond to that of air. We have par-tially replaced oxygen with lighter elements such as carbon in an attempt to lower the dielectric constants. In addition we provide innovative silane precursors such as SEMICOSIL® 2M2M and can also work with you to develop novel SEMICOSIL® products tailored to your particular requirements.

Cutting-Edge Technology for Electronic Applications of Tomorrow

Applications Precursors for CVD and functional layers

Products SEMICOSIL® 2M2M, SEMICOSIL® 4MS-EL,SEMICOSIL® 6C2S, SEMICOSIL® M3E,SEMICOSIL® TEOS

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see also: www.wacker.com Products & Markets Energy, Electrics & Electronics silanes for the Electronics industry

EnErgy, ElEctrics & ElEctronics silanEs for tHE ElEctronics inDustry

Photolithography & Processing AidsOxidic insulating layers are structured by photolithography to apply the conductive tracks. Whilst organic photoresist lacquers are still used, innovative silanes are used as adhesion promoters in antireflective coatings, or are applied subsequently to improve the etching process.

Applications Adhesion promoters

Products SEMICOSIL® HMN-EL,WACKER® SILAZAN HMN

Product Developments for the Next GenerationChemical vapor deposition (CVP) will not be sufficiently accurate for future generations of chips; at 16 nm node, for example. In recent years, there has been growing interest in atomic layer deposition (ALD), a process in which ideally a monolayer of a reactive mole-cule is applied to the wafer surface and con-verted only in a second process stage. This process is repeated until the required film thickness is obtained. The search is on for reactive molecules that will achieve the greatest possible film thickness per deposi-tion. Examples include SEMICOSIL® aminosilanes, which we are developing jointly with our customers.

Applications ALD precursors

Products SEMICOSIL®

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Thermal Insulation Modern thermal insulation systems for buildings, vehicles and household appliances need products with excellent insulating properties. HDK® pyrogenic silica features outstanding thermal insulation over an ex-tremely wide temperature range from room temperature to over 1,000 °C. Combined with infrared-absorbing materials, this creates highly efficient product solutions for diverse applications including vacuum insulating panels for home insulation, radi-ant heating elements for hobs, insulation of automotive exhaust systems and fire protection systems for the construction industry.

Applications Thermal Insulation

Products HDK®

Perfect Insulation for Energy-Efficient Thermal Insulation Systems

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see also: www.wacker.com Products & Markets Energy, Electrics & Electronics thermal insulation

EnErgy, ElEctrics & ElEctronics tHErmal insulation

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Expertise and Service Network on Five Continents

All figures are for 2008.

WACKER is one of the world’s leading and most research-intensive chemical companies. In 2008, its sales totaled € 4.3 billion. Products range from silicones, binders and polymer additives for diverse industrial sectors to bio-engineered pharmaceutical actives and hyperpure silicon for semiconductor and solar ap-plications. As a technology leader focusing on sustainability, WACKER promotes products and ideas that offer a high value-added potential to ensure that current and future generations enjoy a better quality of life based on energy efficiency and protection of the climate and environment. Spanning the globe via five business divisions, 27 production sites and over 100 subsidiaries and sales offices, we have established a presence in all key economic regions and growth markets. With a 15,900-strong workforce, WACKER sees itself as a reliable innovation partner that develops trailblazing solutions for, and in col-laboration with, its customers. WACKER also helps them boost their own success. Our technical centers employ local specialists, who assist customers worldwide in the development of products tailored to regional demands, supporting them during every stage of their complex production processes, if required.

WACKER e-solutions are online services provided via our customer portal and as integrated process solutions. Our customers and business partners thus benefit from comprehensive information and reliable service to enable projects and orders to be handled fast, reliably and highly efficiently. Visit us anywhere, anytime around the world at: www.wacker.com

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• Sales offices and production sites • Technical centers

wacKEr at a glancE

WACKER Technical Centers: our worldwide state-of-the-art competence centers focus on finding the best possible solution for your needs. WACKER has 17 technical centers – in Adrian, Akeno, Allentown, Beijing, Burghausen, Dubai, Hikari, Hsinchu, Jandira, Kolkata, Melbourne, Moscow, Nünchritz, Portland, Shanghai, Singapore and Suwon.

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Wacker Chemie AG Hanns-Seidel-Platz 4, 81737 Munich, Germany

Tel. +49 89 62 79-0, Fax +49 89 62 79-1770, www.wacker.com

The data presented in this brochure are in accordance with the present state of our knowledge, but do not absolve the user from carefully checking all supplies immediately upon receipt. We reserve the right to alter product constants within the scope of technical progress or new developments. The information given in this brochure should be checked by preliminary trials because of conditions during processing over which we have no control, especially where other companies’ raw materials are also being used. The information provided by us does not absolve the user from the obligation of investigating the possibility of infringement of third parties’ rights and, if necessary, clarifying the position. Recommendations for use do not constitute a warranty, either express or implied, of the fitness or suitable of the product for a particular purpose.

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