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Energy Flow in the Environment Sunlight is the main energy source for a life on earth Side note: In a few ecosystems, some organisms obtain energy from inorganic chemicals. Where can we find examples of these ecosystems? Ocean Vents with no sunlight

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Two Different Types of Nutrition Autotroph (self nutrition) An organism capable of synthesizing its own food from inorganic substances, using light or chemical energy.

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Autotrophs Organisms that make their own food Examples: Plants, Algae & some bacteria (Cyanobacteria aka: blue-green algae) blue-green algaeblue-green algae They are also know as producers They begin all food chains and are essential for the flow of energy through the environment

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Energy is used to Synthesize Molecules Photosynthesis- harnessing solar energy to produce food. Chemosynthesis- use chemical energy to produce food

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Chemosynthesis Bacteria live in the mussel and make excess food, which the mussel uses for respiration.

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Blue-Green Algae Return

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Heterotroph Organism that rely on other organisms for their energy Also called consumers Also called consumers because they must eat

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Types of Consumers Herbivores Obtain energy by eating only plants Also called Primary Consumers; they are the first to eat.

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Carnivores Feed on other animals Scavenger Feeds off pre- killed animals Predator- Hunts and kills prey

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Carnivores cont. Parasite- Feed off of a living organism. (host) Omnivore- Eat both plant and animal

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Decomposers Break down organic matter by recycling nutrients back to soil and air Bacteria, Fungus

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Energy Flow Energy flows through the environment in one direction, through a series of steps. Sun autotrophs heterotrophsdecomposers Arrows show direction of energy movement

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Energy Flow-2 Energy flow can be represented in three different ways F F F Food chains F F F Food webs E E E Ecological pyramids

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Food Chain Shows the transfer of energy though an ecosystem. Autotroph Producer Plant Clover Heterotroph Herbivore 1 0 Consumer Animal Deer Heterotroph Carnivore 2 0 Consumer Animal Wolf

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Food Chain Shark Squid Small fish Zooplankton Algae 100 cal./g 10 cal./g 1 cal./g 0.1 cal./g 1000 cal/unit Only about 10% of the energy is able to move. The rest is used for life and lost as heat to the environment

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Food Web

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Food Pyramid 50 kg of human tissue 500 kg of chickens 5000 kg of Grain Notice that the amount of matter decreases. As you move up