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Chemistry Revision Notes - Solutions

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Chemistry The Engage Education Foundation

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The Engage Education Foundation Chemistry

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Question 1Question 1Question 1Question 1aaaa (VCAA June 2006 Q3)(VCAA June 2006 Q3)(VCAA June 2006 Q3)(VCAA June 2006 Q3)

Question 1bQuestion 1bQuestion 1bQuestion 1b

Question 1cQuestion 1cQuestion 1cQuestion 1c

Question 1dQuestion 1dQuestion 1dQuestion 1d

QuestionQuestionQuestionQuestion 2 (VCAA June 2006 Q3e)2 (VCAA June 2006 Q3e)2 (VCAA June 2006 Q3e)2 (VCAA June 2006 Q3e)



Question 3 (VCAA June 2005 Q8)Question 3 (VCAA June 2005 Q8)Question 3 (VCAA June 2005 Q8)Question 3 (VCAA June 2005 Q8)

The correct answer is D.

QuestionQuestionQuestionQuestion 4a (VCAA June 2009 Q2)4a (VCAA June 2009 Q2)4a (VCAA June 2009 Q2)4a (VCAA June 2009 Q2)



Question 4dQuestion 4dQuestion 4dQuestion 4d


The correct answer is B.

QuestionQuestionQuestionQuestion 6666

NH3 : NO : H2O

4 : 4 : 6

28 : 28 : 64

28×

28 : 28 : 42

28 L of NO(g) and 42 L of H2O(g) will form

QuestionQuestionQuestionQuestion 7 (VCAA June 2005 Q14)7 (VCAA June 2005 Q14)7 (VCAA June 2005 Q14)7 (VCAA June 2005 Q14)

The correct answer is C.






Addition/hydrogenation/redox



Question 10b Question 10b Question 10b Question 10b





a.a.a.a. 2

b.b.b.b. 5

c.c.c.c. 1.3

d.d.d.d. 12

e.e.e.e. 12.7

f.f.f.f. 13




The correct answer is A.



Question 16 (VCAA June 2006 QQuestion 16 (VCAA June 2006 QQuestion 16 (VCAA June 2006 QQuestion 16 (VCAA June 2006 Q5)5)5)5)



HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) → NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) or H+(aq) + OH-(aq) → H2O(l)







The correct answer is A....




a.a.a.a. +4+4+4+4 b.b.b.b. +3+3+3+3

c.c.c.c. +5+5+5+5 d.d.d.d. +4+4+4+4

e.e.e.e. +4+4+4+4 f.f.f.f. +5+5+5+5


Cr2O72-(aq) + 14H+(aq) + 6e- → 2Cr3+ (aq) + 7H2O(l)

SO2(g) + 2H2O(l) → SO42-(aq) + 4H+(aq) +2e-

Question 23a (VCAA June 2005 Q2)Question 23a (VCAA June 2005 Q2)Question 23a (VCAA June 2005 Q2)Question 23a (VCAA June 2005 Q2)

Question 23b iQuestion 23b iQuestion 23b iQuestion 23b i

Question 23b iiQuestion 23b iiQuestion 23b iiQuestion 23b ii



Question 23b iiiQuestion 23b iiiQuestion 23b iiiQuestion 23b iii

Question 24Question 24Question 24Question 24 (VCAA June 2010 Q1)(VCAA June 2010 Q1)(VCAA June 2010 Q1)(VCAA June 2010 Q1)


+7

Question 25b.Question 25b.Question 25b.Question 25b.

Question 25Question 25Question 25Question 25c.c.c.c.

Question 26 (VCAA June 2003 Q7a)Question 26 (VCAA June 2003 Q7a)Question 26 (VCAA June 2003 Q7a)Question 26 (VCAA June 2003 Q7a)

QuestionQuestionQuestionQuestion 27 (VCAA June 2009 Q2c)27 (VCAA June 2009 Q2c)27 (VCAA June 2009 Q2c)27 (VCAA June 2009 Q2c)



QuestionQuestionQuestionQuestion 28 (VCAA June 2009 Q1a)28 (VCAA June 2009 Q1a)28 (VCAA June 2009 Q1a)28 (VCAA June 2009 Q1a)

QuestionQuestionQuestionQuestion 29 (VCAA June 2009 Q1b)29 (VCAA June 2009 Q1b)29 (VCAA June 2009 Q1b)29 (VCAA June 2009 Q1b)

QuestionQuestionQuestionQuestion 30 (VCAA June 2009 Q1c30 (VCAA June 2009 Q1c30 (VCAA June 2009 Q1c30 (VCAA June 2009 Q1c ))))


Question 32a i (VCAA June 2010 Q5a)Question 32a i (VCAA June 2010 Q5a)Question 32a i (VCAA June 2010 Q5a)Question 32a i (VCAA June 2010 Q5a)

Question 32a iiQuestion 32a iiQuestion 32a iiQuestion 32a ii



Molecular formula: C2H4O2





QuestionQuestionQuestionQuestion 36 36 36 36

Draw the grouping of atoms that would give rise to a triplet and doublet splitting pattern

Triplet -CH2-

Doublet -CH-





Two marks were awarded if the response included two of the following three points:

• the sample is dehydrated in the flame and the Ca2+ ions are converted to an atomic vapour

• Ca atoms absorb some of the wavelengths of light coming from the lamp

• electrons in Ca atoms are excited to higher energy levels by the light.

In AAS the flame dehydrates the ions in the solution, forming anhydrous salts. These salts are then

dissociated into atoms. It is the Ca atoms which absorb the light from the calcium lamp.





400 nm






Question 41 (VCAA June 2005 Question 41 (VCAA June 2005 Question 41 (VCAA June 2005 Question 41 (VCAA June 2005 Q1)Q1)Q1)Q1)






Part 2Part 2Part 2Part 2 –––– Area of Study 2Area of Study 2Area of Study 2Area of Study 2

Question 1Question 1Question 1Question 1

a. propane C3H8

b. heptane, C7H16

c. nonane, C9H20

d. pent-2-ene, C5H10

e. hex-3-ene, C6H12


Decane will have a higher boiling point than propane, both will be insoluble in water.


2C6H14(l) + 19O2(g) → 12CO2(g) + 14H2O(l)


Hex-2-ene

Empirical formula: CH2

Molecular formula: C6H12

Semi-structural formula: CH3CH=CHCH2CH2CH3




pentanoic acid, butan-2-ol, 1-butanamine, 1-chloropentane


Pentan-1-ol 2-butanamine or but-2-amine ethanoic acid

Question 8 Question 8 Question 8 Question 8

Butanoic acid will have a higher boiling point than butane and may be slightly soluble in water.


propyl ethanoate, methyl propanoate


2,2,3,6-tetramethylheptane 2,2-dichloropentane

a.

b.

c.

d.

e.

C

H

H

H C

H

H

C

H

H

H

C

H

H

H C

H

H

C

H

H

C

H

H

C

H

H

C

H

H

C

H

H

H

C

H

H

H C

H

H

C

H

H

C

H

H

C

H

H

C

H

H

C

H

H

C

H

H

C

H

H

H

C

H

H

H C

H

C

H

C

H

H

C

H

H

H

C

H

H

H C

H

H

C

H

C

H

C

H

H

C

H

H

H

C

H

H

H C

H

H

C

H

H

C

H

H

C

O

O

H

C

H

H

H C

H

O H

C

H

H

C

H

H

HC

H

H

H C

H

H

C

H

H

C

H

H

N

H

H

C

H

H

H C

H

H

C

H

H

C

H

H

C

H

H

Cl

C

H

H

H C

H

H

C

H

H

O

C

O C

H

HH

C

H

HH

O

C

O

C

H

H

C

H

H

H



Question 11Question 11Question 11Question 11 i i i i (VCAA June 2008 Q6a)(VCAA June 2008 Q6a)(VCAA June 2008 Q6a)(VCAA June 2008 Q6a)

Question 11 iiQuestion 11 iiQuestion 11 iiQuestion 11 ii



C4H10 + Cl2 UV light

→ C4H9Cl + HCl

C4H9Cl + NaOH → C4H9OH + NaCl

C4H9OH 2- +

2 7Cr O , H

heat under reflux→ C3H7COOH








React each with bromine water in the dark. The butane will only react with the halogen in the presence of

UV light (so will not react in the dark) whereas the butane (alkene) will react readily with the bromine.

Question 18 Question 18 Question 18 Question 18 (VCAA June 2003 Q6)(VCAA June 2003 Q6)(VCAA June 2003 Q6)(VCAA June 2003 Q6)




Any of:

• potassium dichromate

C

H

H

H C

H

Br

C

H

Br

C

H

H

H



• acidified potassium dichromate

• K2Cr2O7

• Cr2O72-


butanoic acid


a. Substitution

b. Catalyst

c. HCl

d. CH3CH2CH2Cl and CH3CHClCH3;

1- or 2-chloropropane as appropriate

Question 21Question 21Question 21Question 21 (VCAA June 2004 Q2a)(VCAA June 2004 Q2a)(VCAA June 2004 Q2a)(VCAA June 2004 Q2a)

i. 2-propanol or propan-2-ol

ii. methanoic acid

iii. 2-chlorobutane

iv. ethyl propanoate







Question 25Question 25Question 25Question 25aaaa (VCAA June 2006 Sect B (VCAA June 2006 Sect B (VCAA June 2006 Sect B (VCAA June 2006 Sect B Q7)Q7)Q7)Q7)

Nonane, C9H20

Question 25 b Question 25 b Question 25 b Question 25 b

Shorter chain (smaller) alkanes have weaker bonding/dispersion forces between the molecules.

Question 26Question 26Question 26Question 26aaaa

Question 26b i Question 26b i Question 26b i Question 26b i

methylpropanoate


octan-1-ol

Question 26b iiiQuestion 26b iiiQuestion 26b iiiQuestion 26b iii

2-chloropentane


C

H

H

H C

H

H

C

H

H

C

O

O

H

C HH

H

C C

H

H

HC

O

O

H

H

C

H

H

C

H

R






Question 30 (VCAA June 2004 Q2c)Question 30 (VCAA June 2004 Q2c)Question 30 (VCAA June 2004 Q2c)Question 30 (VCAA June 2004 Q2c)



Question 32Question 32Question 32Question 32 (VCAA June 2006 Q19)(VCAA June 2006 Q19)(VCAA June 2006 Q19)(VCAA June 2006 Q19)





A 1-chloropropane (or 1-bromo, or 1-iodo)

B propene

C

H

H

H C

H

H

C

H

H

O H

B A

D

E

C

+ itself

H+/Cr2O72-

G H2O(g), 300

°C

F NaOH

H H2SO4

C

F

F

C

F

F

C

F

F

C

F

F

C

F

F

[

C

H

C

H

HH

C

H

C HH

H

C

H

CH H

H

C

H

C HH

H

C

H

CH H

H

C

H

C HH

H

]n

C

H

H

C

H

C

H

HH

C

H

H

H C

H

H

C

H

H

Cl

C

H

H

C

H

H

C

H

H

C

H

H

C

H

H

H C

H

H

C

O

O

H

C

H

H

H C

H

H

C

O

O

C

H

H

C

H

H

H



C polypropene

D propanoic acid

E propylpropanoate

F sodium hydroxide or water

G steam

H sulfuric acid



It must have carboxyl and amino groups attached/bonded to the same carbon atom.





Serine, aspartic acid, glycine

Question Question Question Question 38383838aaaa (VCAA June 2010 Q(VCAA June 2010 Q(VCAA June 2010 Q(VCAA June 2010 Q6)6)6)6)

Acceptable responses included:

• enzyme function is determined by the shape of the active site

• enzyme shape is complementary to a specific substrate

• ‘lock and key’ effect – the substrate (reactant) is the ‘key’ and the active site of the enzyme is the ‘lock’

• an enzyme’s active site has a shape allowing access only to particular molecules.


Temperature 55*(°C), pH 5*


Acceptable responses included:

• the tertiary structure of the enzyme changes with change in pH

• change in [H+] may change the charge on side chain groups

• the enzyme is denatured so the shape of the active site changes.

Question 39 (VCAA June 2008 Q5ai)Question 39 (VCAA June 2008 Q5ai)Question 39 (VCAA June 2008 Q5ai)Question 39 (VCAA June 2008 Q5ai)

Question 40 (VCAA June 2008 Q5b)Question 40 (VCAA June 2008 Q5b)Question 40 (VCAA June 2008 Q5b)Question 40 (VCAA June 2008 Q5b)

C9H11NO2



Question 41Question 41Question 41Question 41aaaa (VCAA November (VCAA November (VCAA November (VCAA November 2004 Q8)2004 Q8)2004 Q8)2004 Q8)

CONH (the whole group must have been circled).


Question 42Question 42Question 42Question 42 (VCAA Nov 2006 Q 14)(VCAA Nov 2006 Q 14)(VCAA Nov 2006 Q 14)(VCAA Nov 2006 Q 14)


Question 43Question 43Question 43Question 43 i i i i (VCAA Nov 2007 Q4a)(VCAA Nov 2007 Q4a)(VCAA Nov 2007 Q4a)(VCAA Nov 2007 Q4a)

C6H12O6

Question 43 ii Question 43 ii Question 43 ii Question 43 ii

C12H22O11(s) + 12O2(g) → 12CO2(g) + 11H2O(g) or (l)

One mark was awarded for a correctly balanced equation and the second mark for correct states.


One mark was awarded for giving the

correct structures for both amino acids,

another mark for giving the correct

structure at pH 2 and a third mark for

giving the correct ion at pH 12. The +

and - signs must have been attached to

the appropriate N and O atoms

respectively to gain the ‘pH’ marks.

Saturated

Saturated

Saturated

Monounsaturated

Saturated

Monounsaturated

Polyunsaturated

Polyunsaturated

Saturated

Monounsaturated



Question 45Question 45Question 45Question 45aaaa (VCAA June 2008 Q7a and b)(VCAA June 2008 Q7a and b)(VCAA June 2008 Q7a and b)(VCAA June 2008 Q7a and b)

C2H6O(l or g) + 3O2(g) → 2CO2(g) + 3H2O(l or g)

One mark was awarded for a balanced equation and the second mark for the correct states.


Both of

• The polar –OH end forms (hydrogen) bonds with water

• The non-polar –CH2CH3 end mixes with petrol

Question 46Question 46Question 46Question 46aaaa (VCAA June 2008 Q7c)(VCAA June 2008 Q7c)(VCAA June 2008 Q7c)(VCAA June 2008 Q7c)

C6H12O6(aq) → 2C2H5OH(aq) + 2CO2(g)


Because it is produced from a biological source/biomass. Glucose is produced by plants.


3 or 3:1


n(POP) = 10.0 × 103/833

= 12.0 * mol

n(CH3OH) = 3 × 12.0

= 36.0 mol

m(CH3OH) = 36.0 x 32.0

= 1.15 x 103 * g

V(CH3OH) = m(CH3OH)/d(CH3OH)

= 1.15 x 103 g/0.79 g mL-1

= 1.46 x 103 ml

= 1.5* L (range accepted 1.46–1.5)

One mark each was awarded for:

• correctly calculating n(POP)

• calculating m(CH3OH), i.e. multiplying n(POP) by ratio from Question 7ai. and by 32.0

• accurately converting calculated m(CH3OH) into volume in litres.

Question 48Question 48Question 48Question 48a (VCAA June 2010 Q4)a (VCAA June 2010 Q4)a (VCAA June 2010 Q4)a (VCAA June 2010 Q4)


Hydrogen* bonding


Question 49 Question 49 Question 49 Question 49 (VCAA 2008 Q9)(VCAA 2008 Q9)(VCAA 2008 Q9)(VCAA 2008 Q9)




Question 50 Question 50 Question 50 Question 50 (VCAA (VCAA (VCAA (VCAA 2008 Q10)2008 Q10)2008 Q10)2008 Q10)




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