engine type and classification
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Engine type and classification](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062316/58f9a66c760da3da068b4faa/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
ENGINE CONSTRUCTION AND CLASSIFICATION
![Page 2: Engine type and classification](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062316/58f9a66c760da3da068b4faa/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
ENGINE PARTSCylinder blockCylinder headCrank casePiston Piston ringsGudgeon pin Intake and exhaust valveCamshaftCrankshaftTiming gears
![Page 3: Engine type and classification](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062316/58f9a66c760da3da068b4faa/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
CYLINDER BLOCK Cast iron Aluminum alloyWater jacket
![Page 4: Engine type and classification](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062316/58f9a66c760da3da068b4faa/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
CYLINDER BLOCK
![Page 5: Engine type and classification](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062316/58f9a66c760da3da068b4faa/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
LINER Cast steel Cast iron Press fit
![Page 6: Engine type and classification](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062316/58f9a66c760da3da068b4faa/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
CYLINDER HEAD Aluminum alloy Cast iron (combustion chamber)hemisphere
![Page 7: Engine type and classification](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062316/58f9a66c760da3da068b4faa/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
CYLINDER HEAD
![Page 8: Engine type and classification](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062316/58f9a66c760da3da068b4faa/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
VALVE OR TAPPET CLEARANCE
Spring retainer
![Page 9: Engine type and classification](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062316/58f9a66c760da3da068b4faa/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
CRANK CASE Cast iron Cast steel
![Page 10: Engine type and classification](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062316/58f9a66c760da3da068b4faa/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
CRANK CASE
![Page 11: Engine type and classification](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062316/58f9a66c760da3da068b4faa/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
CRANK CASE
![Page 12: Engine type and classification](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062316/58f9a66c760da3da068b4faa/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
PISTON Aluminum alloy Cast iron Gudgeon pin
Forged steel Case hardened steel
![Page 13: Engine type and classification](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062316/58f9a66c760da3da068b4faa/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
PISTON RINGS Cast iron Pressed steel alloy Compression ring Oil ring
![Page 14: Engine type and classification](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062316/58f9a66c760da3da068b4faa/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
CRANK SHAFT Forged steel Cast steel
![Page 15: Engine type and classification](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062316/58f9a66c760da3da068b4faa/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
CAM SHAFT Forged steel Cast iron and cast steel Push rod
• Forged steel• High speed (X)
![Page 16: Engine type and classification](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062316/58f9a66c760da3da068b4faa/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
CAMSHAFT
![Page 17: Engine type and classification](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062316/58f9a66c760da3da068b4faa/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
SOHC AND DOHC Forged steel Cast iron and cast steel
![Page 18: Engine type and classification](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062316/58f9a66c760da3da068b4faa/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
CONNECTING ROD Forged steel Aluminum alloy
![Page 19: Engine type and classification](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062316/58f9a66c760da3da068b4faa/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
CONTD.
![Page 20: Engine type and classification](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062316/58f9a66c760da3da068b4faa/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
VALVES Forged steel Cast alloy Opening Camshaft Closing spring
![Page 21: Engine type and classification](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062316/58f9a66c760da3da068b4faa/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
DESMODROMIC VALVE OPERATION Used by Ducati
![Page 22: Engine type and classification](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062316/58f9a66c760da3da068b4faa/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
GEAR TIMING Timing belt drive Timing gear drive Timing chain drive
![Page 23: Engine type and classification](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062316/58f9a66c760da3da068b4faa/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
BELT TIMING
![Page 24: Engine type and classification](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062316/58f9a66c760da3da068b4faa/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
FLYWHEEL Cast iron
![Page 25: Engine type and classification](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062316/58f9a66c760da3da068b4faa/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
ENGINE CLASSIFICATION
No of strokes per cycle(Two or Four)
Type of fuel burned Method of ignition Firing order Reciprocating or rotary
No of cylinders
Arrangement of cylinders
Arrangement of valves and
valve trains
Type of cooling
![Page 26: Engine type and classification](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062316/58f9a66c760da3da068b4faa/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
POSITION ARRANGEMENT & NUMBER OF CYLINDERS
Single Cylinder
Inline Cylinders
V Engine
‰Opposed Cylinder Engine
‰W Engine
‰Opposed Piston Engine
‰Radial Engine
![Page 27: Engine type and classification](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062316/58f9a66c760da3da068b4faa/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
ARRANGEMENT OF CYLINDERS
![Page 28: Engine type and classification](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062316/58f9a66c760da3da068b4faa/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
ARRANGEMENT OF CYLINDERSSingle cylinder:
Engine has one cylinder and piston connected to the crankshaft.
‰In-Line:
Cylinders are positioned in a straight line, one behind the other along the
length of the crankshaft. Number of cylinders may vary
from 2 to 11 or even more. In-line four-cylinder engines
are very common for automobiles. In-line engines are
also referred to as straight such as straight six or straight
eight
.
![Page 29: Engine type and classification](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062316/58f9a66c760da3da068b4faa/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
![Page 30: Engine type and classification](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062316/58f9a66c760da3da068b4faa/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
ARRANGEMENT OF CYLINDERS
V Engine:
Two banks of cylinders at an angle with each other along a single crankshaft.
The angle between the banks of cylinders is usually within 60-90. V engines
have even numbers of cylinders ranging from 2 to 20 or more. V6 and V8
are the common engines with six and eight cylinders respectively.
Opposed Cylinder Engine:
Two banks of cylinders opposite to each other on a single crankshaft. These
are mostly used in small aircraft and some automobiles with an even number
of cylinders from two to eight or more. These engines are also called flat
engines such as flat four.
![Page 31: Engine type and classification](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062316/58f9a66c760da3da068b4faa/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
![Page 32: Engine type and classification](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062316/58f9a66c760da3da068b4faa/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Boxer engine
![Page 33: Engine type and classification](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062316/58f9a66c760da3da068b4faa/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
ARRANGEMENT OF CYLINDERSW Engine:Similar to that of V engine except with three banks of cylinders on the
same crankshaft. This type of arrangement has been used in some racing cars.
Opposed Piston Engine: Two pistons in each cylinder with the combustion chamber located
centrally between the pistons. A single-combustion process causes two power strokes at the same time, with each piston being pushed away from the center and delivering power to a separate crankshaft at each end of the cylinder Engine output is either on two rotating crankshafts or on one crankshaft incorporating a complex mechanic linkage.
![Page 34: Engine type and classification](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062316/58f9a66c760da3da068b4faa/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
ARRANGEMENT OF CYLINDERSRadial Engine:
Engine with pistons positioned in a circular plane around the central
crankshaft. The connecting rods of the pistons are connected to the
crankshaft through a master rod. A bank of cylinders on a radial engine
always has an odd number of cylinders ranging from 3 to 13 or more
Many medium-and large-size propeller-driven aircraft use radial engines.
For large aircraft, two or more banks of cylinders are mounted together,
one behind the other on a single crankshaft, making a powerful and
smooth engine.
![Page 35: Engine type and classification](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062316/58f9a66c760da3da068b4faa/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
![Page 36: Engine type and classification](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062316/58f9a66c760da3da068b4faa/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
THREE CYLINDER ENGINE
![Page 37: Engine type and classification](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062316/58f9a66c760da3da068b4faa/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
FOUR CYLINDER ENGINE(INLINE)
4 cylinder in line.mp4
![Page 38: Engine type and classification](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062316/58f9a66c760da3da068b4faa/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
FOUR CYLINDER ENGINE(V TYPE)
4 cylinder v type.mp4
![Page 39: Engine type and classification](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062316/58f9a66c760da3da068b4faa/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
FOUR CYLINDER ENGINE(OPPOSED)
• Balancing• Less
inertia• Subaru• Aerodyna
mic drag
![Page 40: Engine type and classification](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062316/58f9a66c760da3da068b4faa/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
FIVE CYLINDER ENGINE(INLINE)
5 cylinder.mp4
![Page 41: Engine type and classification](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062316/58f9a66c760da3da068b4faa/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
SIX CYLINDER ENGINE
![Page 42: Engine type and classification](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062316/58f9a66c760da3da068b4faa/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
8 CYLINDER ENGINE(V TYPE)
8 cylinder.mp4
![Page 43: Engine type and classification](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062316/58f9a66c760da3da068b4faa/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
W TYPE
![Page 44: Engine type and classification](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062316/58f9a66c760da3da068b4faa/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
RADIAL TYPE
![Page 45: Engine type and classification](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062316/58f9a66c760da3da068b4faa/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
ROTARY(WANKEL TYPE)
![Page 46: Engine type and classification](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062316/58f9a66c760da3da068b4faa/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
ROTARY(WANKEL TYPE)
![Page 47: Engine type and classification](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062316/58f9a66c760da3da068b4faa/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Mazda RX7 and RX8 Rotary engnie
![Page 48: Engine type and classification](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062316/58f9a66c760da3da068b4faa/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
VALVE LOCATIONS
‰
Valves in head (overhead valve), also called I-head engine.‰Valves in block (flat head), also called L-head engine. Some historic
engines with valves in block had the intake valve on one side of the cylinder, and the exhaust valve on the other side. These were called T-
head engines.‰One valve in head (usually intake) and one in block, also called F-head engine.
![Page 49: Engine type and classification](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062316/58f9a66c760da3da068b4faa/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
VALVE LOCATIONS
![Page 50: Engine type and classification](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062316/58f9a66c760da3da068b4faa/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
![Page 51: Engine type and classification](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062316/58f9a66c760da3da068b4faa/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
VALVE TRAINS
Times the opening and closing of the cylinder valvesEnsures opening and closing is kept in sync
![Page 52: Engine type and classification](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062316/58f9a66c760da3da068b4faa/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
TYPES OF VALVE TRAINS
![Page 53: Engine type and classification](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062316/58f9a66c760da3da068b4faa/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
TYPE OF COOLING
Air Cooled‰Liquid Cooled/Water Cooled
![Page 54: Engine type and classification](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062316/58f9a66c760da3da068b4faa/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
NO OF STROKES
‰Four Stroke Cycle Experiences 4 strokes of the Piston movements over 2 revolutions of the crankshaft‰Two Stroke Cycle Experiences 2 strokes of the Piston movements over 1 revolution of the crankshaft
![Page 55: Engine type and classification](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062316/58f9a66c760da3da068b4faa/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
FUEL USEDUsing volatile fuels like gasoline, alcohol, kerosene �Using gaseous fuels like natural gas, biogas
�Using viscous fuels like diesel �Using dual fuel methanol (suction stroke) + diesel (comp. stroke) –CI
Engine–gasoline + alcohol (gasohol)
![Page 56: Engine type and classification](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062316/58f9a66c760da3da068b4faa/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
METHOD OF IGNITION
Spark Ignition: An SI engine starts the combustion process in each cycle by
use of a spark plug. In early engine development, before the invention of the electric spark plug, many forms of
torch of torch holes were used to initiate combustion form an external flame.‰Compression Ignition: The combustion process in a CI engine starts when the air-fuel mixture self-ignites due to high temperature in the combustion chamber caused by high compression .
![Page 57: Engine type and classification](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062316/58f9a66c760da3da068b4faa/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
FIRING ORDER
Firing order 1 3 4 2
4 cylinder in line.mp4