engineering graphics chapter 6
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 2
Section Views
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TOPICS
Introduction
Terminology & common practices
Kind of sections
Dimensioning
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Introduction
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ObjectObject
GRAPHICS COMMUNICATION WITH ENGINEERING DRAWING
WorkingdrawingWorkingdrawing
Clear ?Clear ?
Orthographicprojection
(convention)
Section viewsconvention
Section Views
Orthographic Projection
Finish
Yes
No
Dimensioning
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PURPOSES OFSECTION VIEWS
Clarify the views by
Facilitate the dimensioning.
reducing or eliminating the hidden lines.
revealing the cross sectional’s shape.
Let See the example
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EXAMPLE : Advantage of using a section view.
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Terminology andcommon practices
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Cuttingplane
CUTTING PLANE
Cutting plane line
Cutting plane is a plane that imaginarily cuts
the object to reveal the internal features.
Section lines
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Cutting plane line is an edge view of the cutting
plane.
CUTTING PLANE LINE
Indicate the pathof cutting plane.
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ANSIstandard
Thick line
Thick line
JIS & ISOstandard
Thin line
CUTTING PLANE LINESTYLES
Viewingdirection
Viewingdirection
Viewingdirection
This course
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CUTTING LINE
.5mm
.5mm
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SECTION LINING
Section lines or cross-hatch lines are used to
indicate the surfaces that are cut by the cutting
plane.
Sectionlines
Drawn with 2H pencil. (Thin and Light)
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SECTION LINES SYMBOLS
The section lines are different for each of
material’s type.
Cast iron,Malleable iron
Steel Concrete Sand Wood
For practical purpose, the cast iron symbol is
used most often for any materials.
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SECTION LINING PRACTICE
The spaces between lines may vary from 1.5 mm
for small sections to 3 mm for large sections.
COMMON MISTAKE
Linework is too closely spaced
Linework is too widely spaced
Linework is inconsistently spaced
Linework is not consistent in direction
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SECTION LINING PRACTICE
It should not be drawn parallel or perpendicular
to contour of the view.
COMMON MISTAKE
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SECTION LINING PRACTICE
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Kinds of Sections
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KIND OF SECTIONS
1. Full section
2. Offset section
3. Half section
4. Broken-out section
5. Revolved section (aligned section)
6. Removed section (detailed section)
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FULL SECTION VIEWThe view is made by passing the straight cutting
plane completely through the part.
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OFFSET SECTION VIEWThe view is made by passing the bended cutting
plane completely through the part.
Do not show the edge viewsof the cutting plane.
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TREATMENT OF HIDDEN LINES
Hidden lines are normally omitted from section
views.
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HALF SECTION VIEWThe view is made by passing the cutting plane halfway
through an object and remove a quarter of it.
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HALF SECTION VIEWA center line is used to separate the sectioned half
from the unsectioned half of the view.
Hidden line is omitted in unsection half of the view.
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The view is made by passing the cutting plane normal
to the viewing direction and removing the portion of an
object in front of it.
BROKEN-OUT SECTION VIEW
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A break line is used to separate
the sectioned portion from the
unsectioned portion of the view.
BROKEN-OUT SECTION VIEW
There is no cutting plane line.
Break line is a thin continuous
line (2H) and is drawn freehand.
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EXAMPLE : Comparison among several section techniques
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Revolved sections show cross-sectional features of a part.
No need for additional orthographic views.
This section is especially helpful when a cross-section varies.
REVOLVED SECTION VIEW
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REVOLVED SECTION VIEW
Basic concept
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REVOLVED SECTION VIEW
Basic concept
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Given
Step 1
a. Assign position of cutting plane.
b. Draw axis of rotation in front view.
Steps in construction
REVOLVED SECTION VIEW
Edge view of Edge view of cross-sectioncross-section
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Steps in construction
Given
a. Transfer the depth dimension to
the front view.
REVOLVED SECTION VIEW
Step 2
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Steps in construction
Given
REVOLVED SECTION VIEW
a. Draw the revolved section.
Step 3
b. Add section lines.
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Steps in construction
Given
REVOLVED SECTION VIEW
FINAL PICTURE
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Placement of revolved section
1. Superimposed to orthographic view.
SuperimposedBreak
2. Break from orthographic view.
REVOLVED SECTION VIEW
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6. Removed section
Removed section is revolved section.
Used where space does not enough for revolved section
Can be located elsewhere on a drawing with properly labeled
REMOVED SECTION VIEW
Section view is shown outside the view.
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Example : Revolved vs. removed sections.
Revolved section Removed section
REMOVED SECTION VIEW
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Example : Situation that removed section is preferred.REMOVED SECTION VIEW
PreferredPoor
Too messy !!
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Example : Multiple removed section viewsREMOVED SECTION VIEW
A
A
B
B
SECTION A – A
SECTION B – B
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Dimensioningin Section View
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In most cases, dimensioning of the section views
follows the typical rules of dimensioning.
GOODPOOR
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GOODPOOR
50
10
50
10
DIMENSIONING
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For a half-section view,
use dimension line with
only one arrowhead that
points to the position inside
the sectioned portion.
50
DIMENSIONING
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THIN FEATURES
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How the other
sectioning looks like?
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PARTS NOT SECTIONED
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PARTS NOT SECTIONED
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Example of mechanical parts not sectioned
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Special convention in sectioning
Web
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Rib
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RIBS IN SECTIONING
A. Object with ribs
B. Object without ribs
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RIBS IN SECTIONING
A. Object without ribs.
B. Object with ribs. They are same!!! So how??
C. So we have to add the sectioning line to differentiate both with and without ribs.
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RIBS IN SECTIONING
Add the cross section of the rib if the ribs was end or start with fillets or rounds.
The small cross section was sketch perpendicular to the ribs surface.
SECTIONING RIBS WITH ROUNDS
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RIBS IN SECTIONING
Ribs with different types of rounds have different cross section.
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Dimension & Tolerance
Dimension & Tolerance
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Important!ArrowheadPlacementSpacingGroupingExtension LineReading Direction
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Visible Gap
Dimension
Dimension line
Limits of size
Extension line
Arrow
Basic Dimension
Reference Dimension
Radius Symbol
Leader lineDiameter Symbol
Plus & Minus Dimensioning
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Arrowhead
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Placement
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Spacing
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Grouping
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Extension Line
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Reading Direction