England Clamps Down on the Colonies

Chapter 6 Sections1-4The Road to Revolution

ANSWER!

Colonists are Angrybecause the King limited their freedomof movement.

Quartering Act• Required the colonies to quarter British

soldiers• provide them with food, supplies and place to

live• Most were quartered in NYWHY? Colonists Ignored Proclamation of

1763=King send troops to enforce Proclamation…..

• Reaction• Many refused to allow soldiers in

Video:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=odqWpW0N1Co

Another English Problem=Broke

Sugar Act 1764

• Placed a tax on sugar, molasses, and other products shipped to the colonies

• Also called for punishment of smugglers• Primarily affected merchantsReaction:

Colonists Angry!James Otis: “Taxation without Representation is tyranny!”George Grenville: Colonists are subjects and enjoyed the protection of its laws and were subject to taxation

Sugar Act (1764)

Taxes put on…

…SUGAR

…MOLASSES

…INDIGO

…COFFEE

Stamp Act1765

• All legal and commercial documents are to carry an official stamp showing that a tax had been paid.

• Reaction: • Stamp Act Congress, Oct 1765• Boycott of British GoodsBoycott=Refusal to Buy

Goods from Britain• Sons of Liberty staged protests

• Repealed ( taken away) in 1766• British merchants were hurt by boycott

Stamp Act (1765)

Taxes place on all…

...NEWSPAPERS (New York

Gazetteer, Feb. 15, 1775)

...LEGAL DOCUMENTS …PLAYING

CARDS

…DICE

Assignment Due Tuesday

• Did the English have the right to enforce the Proclamation of 1763 and Initiate the Quartering Act? Why or why not? 5 pts

• Think about: The Sugar Act, & the Stamp Act. Why did these acts anger the colonists so much. Explain each. 5pts

POP QUIZ CLEAR YOU DESK!!!!!•  What was the colonists’ reaction to the

Proclamation of 1763?•  Why did the British Implement the

Quartering Act?• Why did Britain tax the colonies?•  What was the Goal of Secret societies such

as the SONS OF LIBERTY?• The Stamp Act was a tax on what items?• How did the colonists protest the Stamp Act?• What was Parliament’s response to the

colonists’ protesting of the Stamp Act?

Declaratory Act

• Imposed after repeal of Stamp Act• Said that Parliament had supreme authority to

govern the colonies

Reaction:Colonists tried to ignore this new Act

The Townshend Acts

• Britain’s Problem:

NO MONEY.• Solution: Tax Colonies

• Problem: Colonists boycott, resist• Solution: “Tax the colonies

without offence”

Townshend Acts1767

• Suspended New York’s assembly until they agreed to provide housing for British soldiers

• Taxed a (duty=tax on an import) imported goods: glass, paper, paint, lead, and tea

• Taxes were collected before the items entered the colonies

• Writs of Assistance: search warrants to enter homes or businesses to search for smuggled goods

Reaction to Townshend Acts

• Colonists Angry!!• Writs went against Natural Rights• Felt their rights and freedoms were threatened• Sam Adams called for a boycott of British goods• Shopkeepers pressured not to sell imported goods• Tax Collectors were Tarred and Feathered• Trade with Britain fell sharply• Protests were getting violent, tempers were rising, more

troops arrived

Tools of Protest• Boycotts• Beating of customs officials• S.O.L• PROPAGANDA: information used

to influence people’s behavior or thinking --Boston Massacre

• Committees of Correspondence=warn neighboring colonies about incidents with Br.Parliament repealed Townshend acts due to American boycott... ***broadened the resistance movement.

Sam Adams“We will destroy every soldier that dares put his foot on shore…I look upon them as foreign enemies!”

The Boston Massacre• 1,000 more soldiers enter Boston in the Fall of 1768• Tensions were high• Often soldiers and street youths would exchange

yelled insults• March 5, 1770

• Soldiers were being battered by a mob of colonists• They began firing out of self defense from snow balls and ice being thrown at them

Tools of Protest…cont….

• Colonial Boycotts, petitions, riots etc caused the British to repeale the Townshend Acts….except one….----->

• Tea Act: British controlled and taxed all tea coming into colonies...

Tea Act 1773

• Parliament repeals all taxes except for tea• They wanted to show that they were still in

control of the colonies• Tea was the “Pop/Soda” of the colonies• Gave the British East India Company control

over tea trade• Only this tea could be sold and traded

Reaction• South Carolina: colonists unloaded tea and

let it rot on the docks• New York City and Pennsylvania: blocked tea

ships from landing• Boston: Sons of Liberty, disguised as Indians,

boarded tea ships in the harbor and destroyed 342 chests of tea

• Britain outraged!! Wants the tea paid for and the men brought to trial

Boston Tea Party (1773)

The First Continental CongressSeptember 1774

• Brought colonists together as Americans

• All delegates agreed that Parliament was exerting too much control.

• It issued a Declaration of Rights protesting Great Britain’s actions.

• Agreed not to import or use British goods

• Agreed to stop exports to Britain

• Formed a force of minutemen, colonial soldiers who would be ready to resist a British attack with short notice

The Battles of Lexington and Concord

• Minutemen in Massachusetts were drilling on their village commons and stockpiling gunpowder and weapons.

• British General Gage knew colonial militias were preparing for a conflict.

• In April 1775 King George III ordered Gage to arrest colonial leaders, especially Samuel Adams and John Hancock, and to capture the colonists’ gunpowder.

• Colonists’ gunpowder was stockpiled in Concord, a town west of Boston.

• On the night of April 17, 1775, 700 British troops left Boston for Concord.

The War is on!• Dawn on April 19th, 1775- 700 redcoats arrive at

Lexington• 70 colonists waiting• “Shot heard ‘round the world”• Eight colonists shot dead• British march to Concord, but now 4,000 minutemen

greet the redcoats….kill or wound hundreds• “Lobsterbacks” scramble back to safety in

Boston…..too much English Blood spilt to go back…

The colonies stand divided

• Loyalists- side with British

• Patriots- side with colonists

• 1/3 Patriot• 1/3 Loyalist• 1/3 undecided

The Continental Army is Formed

• Militiamen from all over the colonies gather outside of Boston- 20,000 strong

• Washington is chosen as General

• They attack and capture British Fort Ticonderoga on May 10, 1775

Battle of Bunker Hill• Colonists control a hilltop across the bay from

Boston• 2,200 Redcoats set out to attack colonists• British finally won, but at a cost of over 1,000

killed or wounded vs. only 400 colonists• Battle showed Continental Army was a force

to be reckoned with

“Don’t fire until you see the whites of their eyes!”

A last attempt at Peace• Olive Branch Petition- 1775• Asked King to restore harmony between

Britain and the Colonies• King not only rejects petition he also:

• Uses British Navy to blockade ports• Sends German Hessian soldiers to fight

Declaration of Independence

• After much debate, Continental Congress has Thomas Jefferson write the document

• July 4, 1776 Declaration is adopted• Key Points:

• People have rights government can’t take away• People have right to challenge government• Explained reasons for breaking with Britain• Declared colonies to be free and independent

Americans have now declared their independence- now they have to win their

freedom on the battlefield!