english 9 exam review. spec, spect circumspect the marchers in the protest tried to be circumspect...
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![Page 1: English 9 Exam Review. SPEC, SPECT CIRCUMSPECT The marchers in the protest tried to be circumspect and not break any laws. adj. Careful; mindful of rules](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649d215503460f949f6bbd/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
English 9 Exam Review
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SPEC, SPECT
CIRCUMSPECT
The marchers in the protest tried to be circumspect and not break any laws.
adj. Careful; mindful of rules and consequencesL. circum, “around,” + spectum = looking around
syn: prudentant: reckless
Unit One
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Latin SPECERE, SPECTUM “to look at”
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VID, VIS
IMPROVISE
When Carl lost the cards with his speech on them, he was forced to improvise.
v. To create without any forethought or preparationL. in, “not,” + pro, “forward,” + visum = not seen in advance
ant: plan
Unit One
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Latin VIDERE, VISUM “to see, to look”
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PHOT, PHOS
PHOTOGENIC
Lucy was so photogenic that total strangers often asked to take her picture.
adj. Attractive in pictures or photographsG. photos + genic, “suitable for” = suitable for photographs
Unit One
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Greek PHOS, PHOTOS “light”
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PHOT, PHOS
PHOTOTROPIC
Because they are phototropic, daisies always grow towards the sun.
adj. Tending to grow or move towards lightG. photos + tropein, “to turn” = to turn toward the light
Unit One
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Greek PHOS, PHOTOS “light”
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LUC
TRANSLUCENT
Through a translucent blue cloth draped over the window, we could see the sun.
adj. Allowing light to pass throughL. trans, “through,” + lucis = light passing through
syn: semi-transparent
Unit One
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Latin LUX, LUCIS “light”
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NUNC, NOUNC
ENUNCIATE
The spelling bee contestant was asked to enunciate so that the judges could understand what she was saying.
v. To pronounce or articulateL. e, “out of,” + nuntiatum = to announce out of
syn: articulateant: mumble
Unit Two
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Latin NUNTIARE, NUNTIATUM “to announce”
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FA
INFANTILE
Although some people find practical jokes funny, Didi finds them infantile.
adj. Childish; immatureL. in, “not,” + fari = not able to speak
syn: juvenileant: mature
Unit Two
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Latin FOR, FARI “to speak”
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NUNC, NOUNC
PRONOUNCEMENT
Fred’s pronouncement that the party was a disaster drew agreement from the whole group.
n. A declaration of opinion; judgementL. pro, “forth,” + nuntiatum = to announce forth
syn: declaration
Unit Two
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Latin NUNTIARE, NUNTIATUM “to announce”
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DIC, DICT
INDICT
The jury indicted Richard on seven counts of burglary.
v. To charge with a crime; accuseL. in, “against,” + dictum = to speak against
syn: chargeant: excuse
Unit Two
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Latin DICERE, DICTUM “to say, to tell”
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VOC, VOK
REVOKE
If you don’t pay your traffic tickets, the state may revoke your driver’s license.
v. To make invalid; deactivateL. re, “back,” + vocare = to call back
syn: recall, cancelant: activate
The angry cigarette shouted, “REVOKE the NOSMOKING law!”
Unit Two
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Latin VOCARE, VOCATUS “to call”
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TEN, TAIN, TIN
ABSTAIN
When I abstained from watching television, I found I had much more free time.
v. To not do something; refrainL. ab, “away from,” + tenere = to hold away from
ant: indulge
Unit Three
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Latin TENERE, TENTUM, “to hold”
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PLE
DEPLETE
The desert travelers were careful not to deplete their precious supply of water.
v. To use up; wasteL. de, “down,” + pletum = to go down from the full
Unit Three
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Latin PLERE, PLETUM, “to fill”
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PLE
IMPLEMENT
It took the company several days to implement the new billing system.
v. To put into action; executeL. in, intensifier, + pletum = to fill
Unit Three
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Latin PLERE, PLETUM, “to fill”
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HIB, HAB
PROHIBIT
If the law did not prohibit speeding, there would be far more traffic accidents.
v. To stop one from doing something; preventL. pro, “in front of,” + habitum = to hold in front of
ant: allow
Unit Three
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Latin HABERE, HABITUM “to have, hold”
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TEN, TAIN, TIN
TENACIOUS
Thanks to a tenacious group of citizens, the dangerous building was finally torn down.
adj. Stubbornly persistent; determinedL. tenax, “holding fast, stubborn”
syn: steadfast
The octopus’ TENACIOUS TENTACLESheld fast to the object of his love.
Unit Three
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Latin TENERE, TENTUM, “to hold”
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FORM
MISINFORMATION
The two warring countries constantly circulated misinformation to confuse each other.
n. Untrue or wrong informationL. mis, “wrong,” + in, “in,” + formare = wrongly established
Unit Four
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Latin FORMARE, FORMATUM “to form, to establish”
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APT, EPT
INEPT
Try as I might to comfort Alicia, all my words seemed inept or just plain wrong.
adj. Unskilled; clumsyL. in, “not,” + aptum = not suited
syn: awkwardant: graceful
EPPIE the INEPT carpenter realized that shew as APT not to be successful in that line of work.
Unit Four
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Latin APTARE, APTUM “to fit”
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APT, EPT
ADEPT
Tanya was adept at dealing with the arguments that often arose on her volleyball team.
adj. Skilled; expert atL. ad, “toward,” + aptum = suited towards
syn: masterfulant: incompetent
Unit Four
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Latin APTARE, APTUM “to fit”
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FORM
REFORM
Many people think we need to reform our political system, but few know where to start.
v. To bring back to rightness, order, or moralityL. re, “again,” + formare = to form again
syn: correctant: ruin
Unit Four
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Latin FORMARE, FORMATUM “to form, to establish”
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APT, EPT
APTITUDE
Rob did not discover his aptitude for politics until he was in college.
n. Skill or suitability forsyn: ability
Unit Four
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Latin APTARE, APTUM “to fit”
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LEGA
LEGACY
The crooked judge, retiring today, leaves behind a legacy of dishonesty and corruption.
n. Body of ideas, achievements, and morals; examplesyn: heritage
Unit Five
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Latin LEGARE, LEGATUM, “to appoint, to send on a mission, to charge with”
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LEGA
DELEGATE
Our parents delegated the easiest tasks, like collecting firewood, to the younger children.
v. To divide up, especially responsibilitiesL. de, “down” + legare = to hand down an appointment
syn: designate
Unit Five
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Latin LEGARE, LEGATUM, “to appoint, to send on a mission, to charge with”
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ACT, AG
PROACTIVE
Gwen, who was proactive about getting a job, was hired right after she left college.
adj. Seeking to solve a problem before it occursL. pro, “before,” + actum = to act before
Unit Five
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Latin AGERE, ACTUM, “to do, act”
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PULS, PEL
REPULSION
After months of eating primarily peanut butter, Izzie began to feel repulsion for it.
n. Desire to avoid; disgustL. re, “back,” + pulsum = to push back
syn: horrorant: attraction
Unit Five
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Latin PELLERE, PULSUM, “to push”
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PULS, PEL
PROPEL
A strong wind propelled the toy boat across the surface of the lake.
v. To cause to move towards; pushL. pro, “forward,” + pellere = to push forward
syn: push
Unit Five
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Latin PELLERE, PULSUM, “to push”
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CANT, CHANT
RECANT
Although he was critical of his fellow band members at first, the drummer later recanted his criticism.
v. To formally withdrawL. re, “back,” + cantum = to call back
syn: repealant: reaffirm
Unit Six
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Latin CANERE, CANTUM, “to sing, to call”
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CANT, CHANT
DISENCHANTED
The team’s fans, who had once loved the star pitcher, grew disenchanted with him as he failed to strike the other team out.
adj. Losing fondness for; unhappy withsyn: disappointedant: enthusiastic
Unit Six
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Latin CANERE, CANTUM, “to sing, to call”
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AUD
INAUDIBLE
Feedback from the microphone grew from an almost inaudible buzzing to a deafening shriek.
adj. So quiet as to be impossible to hearL. in, “not,” + auditum = not heard
ant: loud
Unit Six
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Latin AUDIRE, AUDITUM, “to hear”
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LOG
DIALOGUE
The countries had been at war for so long that any kind of dialogue seemed impossible.
n. Communication between two or more peopleG. dia, “between,” + logein = to speak between
syn: conversation
Unit Six
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Greek LOGEIN, “to speak, to reason”
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LOG
The PRO LOG marched by with the rest of the LOGS following behind.
Unit Six
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Greek LOGEIN, “to speak, to reason”
PROLOGUE
In the prologue to the novel, the author lists the main characters and their histories.
n. A speech, passage, or event coming before the main speech or eventG. pro, “before,” + logein = to speak before
syn: prefaceant: epilogue
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AGON
ANTAGONIZE
No matter how the bullies antagonize Walter, he never gets angry or upset.
v. To act hostile towards; provokeG. anti, “against,” + agon = to struggle against
syn: opposeant: soothe
Unit Seven
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Greek AGON, “contest, struggle”
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BELL
BELLIGERENCE
Despite the belligerence of the opposing team, the Hawks won the game by two points.
n. Warlike mood or attitudeL. bellum + gero, “to wage” = waging war
ant: peace
Unit Seven
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Latin BELLUM, “war”
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AM
ENAMORED
At first I hated the novel, but after reading it again, I became enamored of it.
adj. Fond of; feeling love towardsL. in, “in,” + amor = in love
syn: charmedant: repulsed
Unit Seven
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Latin AMOR, “love” AMICUS, “friend”
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PHIL
PHILANTHROPY
The farmer gave his land to the city to turn into a park and was praised for his act of philanthropy.
n. Charitable donation to public causesG. phile + anthropos, “man” = love of man
ant: stinginess
Unit Seven
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Greek PHILE, “love”
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AGON
ANTAGONIST
Ann sometimes felt like her parents were her antagonists, but at other times they seemed like her best friends.
n. One who is hostile towards; one who opposesG. anti, “against,” + agon = contestant who is against
Unit Seven
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Greek AGON, “contest, struggle”
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VEST
TRAVESTY
Some of the books being published today are a travesty of the great literature that came before.
n. A bad imitation of; a perversion ofsyn: mockery, farce
ant: glorification
Unit Eight
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Latin VESTIS, “clothing”
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PED
EXPEDIENT
Jasper decided it would be most expedient for him to leave town as soon as he could.
adj. Providing results quickly; practical and effectiveL. ex, “by,” + pedis = (to speed along) by foot
syn: profitable
Unit Eight
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Latin PES, PEDIS “foot”
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CORPOR, CORPU
CORPOREAL
Some religious writers focus on the differences between corporeal form and spiritual essence.
adj. Having to do with the body
Unit Eight
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Latin CORPOR, “body”
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PED
IMPEDIMENT
One mistake at work need not be an impediment to your advancement in the company.
n. Something that gets in the way; obstacleL. in, “in the way of,” + pedis = in the way of the foot
syn: barrierant: assistance
Unit Eight
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Latin PES, PEDIS “foot”
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CORPOR, CORPU
INCORPORATE
The most popular recipes in the cookbook manage to incorporate ideas about health and nutrition without sacrificing flavor.
v. To bring together features, ideas, or elementsL. in,“into,” + corpor = into a body
syn: include, joinant: separate, remove
Unit Eight
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Latin CORPOR, “body”
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UNI
UNANIMOUS
Many trials are dragged out over a long period of time because the jury cannot come to a unanimous decision.
adj. Showing complete agreementL. unus + animus, “spirit” = one spirit
syn: harmoniousant: divided
Unit Nine
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Latin UNUS, “one”
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EQUI
EQUITABLE
Zachary usually tried to be equitable, but this time he took all the money for himself and left none for his friend.
adj. Fair; justsyn: balanced
ant: unjust
Unit Nine
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Latin AEQUUS, “equal, even”
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MONO
MONOPOLIZE
Quentin is monopolizing the copy machine, and no one else can use it.
v. To use or take so as to prevent others from using or takingG. monos + polein, “sell,” = one seller
syn: hoardant: share
Unit Nine
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Greek MONOS, “one”
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MONO
MONOLOGUE
A messenger interrupts the hero of the novel in the middle of a monologue.
n. A speech made by a single personG. monos + logein, “to speak” = speech by one
Unit Nine
TWO LOGS speaking is a dialogue; ONE LOG speaking is a MONOLOGUE.Back to Table of Contents
Greek MONOS, “one”
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EQUI
EQUILIBRIUM
Wendy’s hurtful comment upset my mental equilibrium, and I did badly on my final exam.
n. Balance; steadinessL. aequus + libra, “scales, balance” = equal balance
syn: evenness
Unit Nine
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Latin AEQUUS, “equal, even”
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MAL
MALICIOUS
When Laurie forgot to give April an important phone message, April accused her of being malicious.
adj. Intended to hurt or harmsyn: damaging
ant: helpful
Unit Ten
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Latin MALUS, “bad”
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BEN
BENIGN
Although police initially thought the substance was a deadly chemical, they soon discovered it was totally benign.
adj. Causing no harmant: deadly
Ben’s NINE BENIGN poodles made poor guard dogs.
Unit Ten
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Latin BENE, “well, good”
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CORD
ACCORD
The leaders of the nation were in accord on the necessity of a new budget, but no one could agree on how the money should be spent.
n. Sameness of opinion; agreementL. ad, “near to,” + cordis = heart toward
syn: harmonyant: strife
Unit Ten
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Latin COR, CORDIS, “heart”
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CORD
DISCORD
Although they tried to hide their disagreement, the discord between the two teammates was obvious.
n. Lack of agreement; disharmonyL. dis, “apart,” + cordis = heart apart from
syn: disunity
Unit Ten
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Latin COR, CORDIS, “heart”
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ANIM
ANIMOSITY
Despite all the insults he had received, Aaron expressed no animosity towards anyone.
n. Anger or hostilitysyn: bitterness
ant: civility
Unit Ten
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Latin ANIMUS, “spirit”
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DOMIN
DOMINEERING
Lucy’s little sister is so domineering that she often orders the whole family, including her parents around.
adj. Forcing others to obeysyn: bossy
ant: submissive
Unit Eleven
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Latin DOMINOR, DOMINARI, “to rule, to dominate”
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JUR
PERJURY
The manager swore at the trial that he had no information about the store robbery; when he was found to be lying, police charged him with perjury.
n. Breaking of a legal oathL. per, “against,” + jurare = to swear against
syn: dishonestyant: honesty
Unit Eleven
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Latin IURARE, “to swear, to vow” IUS, IURIS, “law”
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DOMIN
PREDOMINANT
Although there are flashes of color here and there in the painting, black is the predominant shade.
adj. Being most evident or apparentL. pre, “before,” + dominari = ruling before all others
syn: leadingant: unimportant
Unit Eleven
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Latin DOMINOR, DOMINARI, “to rule, to dominate”
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LEG
PRIVILEGED
As a member of the most secret intelligence operations, Vergil was entitled to privileged information.
adj. Available only to a special few; entitled to something specialL. privus, “one’s own,” + legis = one’s own law
syn: favoredant: common
Unit Eleven
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Latin LEX, LEGIS, “law”
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DOMIN
INDOMITABLE
Rebecca’s indomitable courage helped her survive her illness.
adj. Unbeatable; resilientL. in, “not,” + dominari = unable to be dominated
syn: invincibleant: weak
The snowman’s strength was INDOMITABLE, but villagers thought he was ABOMINABLE.
Unit Eleven
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Latin DOMINOR, DOMINARI, “to rule, to dominate”
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CAD, CAS
CASUALTY
Grandmother sighed that politeness was just one more casualty of a world that couldn’t slow down.
n. Something or someone injured, killed or eliminatedsyn: victim
Unit Twelve
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Latin CADERE, CASUM, “to fall”
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RAP
SURREPTITIOUS
With a surreptitious motion of his hand, the magician hid the coin in the scarf.
adj. Hidden or secret; done without noticeL. sub, “beneath, secretly” + raptum = snatched secretly
syn: stealthyant: open
Unit Twelve
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Latin RAPERE, RAPTUM, “to snatch” RAPAX, “greedy, devouring”
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CEP
SUSCEPTIBLE
Ben felt that if he were too open minded, he would be susceptible to harmful ideas, so he lived in isolation.
adj. Able to be influencedL. sub, “beneath,” + captum = taken from beneath
syn: impressionable
Unit Twelve
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Latin CAPERE, CAPTUM, “seize, take”
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CAD, CAS
DECADENT
The billionaire’s spoiled children wasted millions of dollars on decadent parties.
adj. Overly luxurious and lacking moral discipline; excessiveL. de, “down from,” + cadere = falling down from (a noble or pure state)
syn: wantonant: restrained
Unit Twelve
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Latin CADERE, CASUM, “to fall”
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CEP
PERCEPTIBLE
The wink that Kevin gave Laurel was so fast it was barely perceptible.
adj. Able to be noticed or feltL. per, “through,” + captum = taken through (the senses)
Unit Twelve
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Latin CAPERE, CAPTUM, “seize, take”
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FLU
AFFLUENT
In the more affluent neighborhoods of the city, it is not unusual for people to have three or four luxury cars.
adj. Wealthy and privileged; well-to-doL. ad, “towards,” + fluere = flow towards
syn: prosperousant: impoverished
Unit Thirteen
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Latin FLUERE, FLUCTUM, “to flow”
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FLU
SUPERFLUOUS
Ruben told me that the last paragraph in my article was superfluous, since the other paragraphs already covered all the important information.
adj. Additional to what is necessary; extraL. super, “above,” + fluere = overflowing
syn: nonessential, excessiveant: crucial
Unit Thirteen
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Latin FLUERE, FLUCTUM, “to flow”
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LEV
ALLEVIATE
Alice has developed a home remedy which will alleviate the symptoms of a bad cold.
v. To make less painful or dangerousL. ad, “towards,” + levis = lighten towards
syn: easeant: aggravate
Unit Thirteen
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Latin LEVIS, “light”
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LAPS
ELAPSE
Many years had elapsed, and the farmer was eager to see his homeland again.
v. To slip away; go byL. e,“out of,” + lapsus = slip out of
Unit Thirteen
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Latin LABI, LAPSUS, “slip, slide”
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LAPS
COLLAPSE
Some people fear the tax increase will bring about the collapse of the economy.
n. Complete failure and ruinL. con, “together,” + lapsus = slide together
Unit Thirteen
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Latin LABI, LAPSUS, “slip, slide”