english colonies. 1606 - james i issues a charter to the virginia company a joint- stock company: ...
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English English ColoniesColoniesEnglish English ColoniesColonies
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1606 - James I 1606 - James I issues a charter issues a charter to the Virginia to the Virginia Company a Company a joint-stock joint-stock companycompany::
Goal: Gold - Goal: Gold - profit for profit for
investorsinvestors
English ColonizationEnglish ColonizationEnglish ColonizationEnglish Colonization
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Jamestown Fort & Jamestown Fort & SettlementSettlement Map Map
Jamestown Fort & Jamestown Fort & SettlementSettlement Map Map
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Captain John SmithCaptain John SmithCaptain John SmithCaptain John Smith
““There was no talk…but dig There was no talk…but dig goldgold, , wash wash goldgold, refine , refine goldgold, load , load goldgold……””
““If you donIf you don’’t work, you dont work, you don’’t eat!t eat!””
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PocahontasPocahontasPocahontasPocahontas
A 1616 A 1616 engravingengraving
Pocahontas Pocahontas ““savessaves”” Captain John SmithCaptain John Smith
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John RolfeJohn RolfeJohn RolfeJohn Rolfe
What finally made the colony profitable?What finally made the colony profitable?
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Tobacco PlantTobacco PlantTobacco PlantTobacco Plant
VirginiaVirginia’’s s gold gold and and silversilver.. -- John Rolfe, 1612 -- John Rolfe, 1612
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Indentured Indentured
ServitudeServitude
Indentured Indentured
ServitudeServitude
HeadrightHeadrightSystemSystem
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Indentured ServitudeIndentured ServitudeIndentured ServitudeIndentured Servitude
Indenture Contract:Indenture Contract:
4-7 years.4-7 years.
Promised Promised ““freedom duesfreedom dues”” [land, £] [land, £]
Forbidden to marry.Forbidden to marry.
1610-1614: only 1 in 10 outlived 1610-1614: only 1 in 10 outlived their indentured contracts!their indentured contracts!
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SeparatistsSeparatists
vs. vs.
PuritansPuritans
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1620 1620 a group of 102 a group of 102 people [half were Separatists] people [half were Separatists]
Plymouth Bay (MA)Plymouth Bay (MA)
The Mayflower CompactNovember 11, 1620
The MayflowerThe Mayflower
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John WinthropJohn Winthrop
““We shall be as a We shall be as a city on a hill..city on a hill..””
Became 1st governor of Massachusetts.
Served as governor or deputy-governor for 19 years.
A Model of Christian Charity
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MetacomMetacom (King Philip) (King Philip) Chief of the Wampanoags Chief of the Wampanoags united the tribes of New united the tribes of New England.England.
The war ended in failure The war ended in failure for the Indiansfor the Indians
Metacom beheaded Metacom beheaded and drawn and and drawn and quartered.quartered.
His son and wife sold His son and wife sold into slavery.into slavery.
Never a serious threat Never a serious threat in New England again!!in New England again!!
King Philip’s War (1675-1676}King Philip’s War (1675-1676}
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Lord Baltimore Lord Baltimore formed a formed a proprietary proprietary colony in colony in 1634.1634.
Haven for Haven for CatholicsCatholics
Tobacco main cash crop.Tobacco main cash crop.
““Act of Toleration” 1649Act of Toleration” 1649
MarylandMarylandMarylandMaryland
Freedom of worship for all!
Death to allJews and Atheists !
Huh?
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New Netherlands to New New Netherlands to New YorkYork
New Netherlands to New New Netherlands to New YorkYork
Founded by the Dutch in 1625
1664 British take over without a fight
Center of trade and very Cosmopolitan diverse population with many different languages.
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Founded by William Penn in 1681
Quakers “Society of Friends”
pacifists,
fair treatment of Indians,
more equality,
religious freedom
Opposed slavery
Philadelphia “City of Brotherly Love”
PennsylvaniaPennsylvaniaPennsylvaniaPennsylvania
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North Carolina: Tobacco plantations
South Carolina: Rice & Indigo
High demand for slaves from West Africa
By 1710 black slaves were a majority in South Carolina.
CarolinasCarolinasCarolinasCarolinas
American Long American Long Grain RiceGrain Rice
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GeorgiaGeorgiaGeorgiaGeorgia
Founded by James Oglethorpe in 1732.
“Buffer-zone” from Spanish Florida
Haven for debtors
Rice & Indigo plantations
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Rise of SlaveryRise of SlaveryRise of SlaveryRise of Slavery
First Africans arrived in Jamestown in First Africans arrived in Jamestown in 16191619 treated treated like indentured servants.like indentured servants.
Slavery not significant until the late 1600sSlavery not significant until the late 1600s
1690: 13,000 slaves 1690: 13,000 slaves
1750: more than 200,0001750: more than 200,000
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Causes of Rise of Slavery• Increased demand for slavesIncreased demand for slaves
1.1. Less English indentured servantsLess English indentured servants
2.2. West Africans were experienced in Rice West Africans were experienced in Rice cultivation and more resistant to malaria.cultivation and more resistant to malaria.
3.3. Cheap labor—tobacco prices fall, need large Cheap labor—tobacco prices fall, need large numbers of unskilled workers for rice & indigonumbers of unskilled workers for rice & indigo
• Effect on population:Effect on population:– By 1750 slaves were 50% of Virginia, 66% of By 1750 slaves were 50% of Virginia, 66% of
South Carolina populations.South Carolina populations.
SS
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The Atlantic “Triangular” The Atlantic “Triangular” TradeTrade
The Atlantic “Triangular” The Atlantic “Triangular” TradeTrade
SS
Slaves – sugar – rum - guns
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The The ““Middle PassageMiddle Passage””The The ““Middle PassageMiddle Passage””Harsh conditions: 13% died along journey from West Africa to Americas
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Slave Codes & Stono Rebellion• Slave Codes: harsh laws past in South• Stono Rebellion: 1739 in South Carolina – 20 slaves
revolted from one plantation (80 others joined)• 50 slaves and 25 whites killed- largest slave revolt
during the Colonial Period.
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Map Quiz
• Which colonies are considered part of New England?
• Which colonies are considered Southern Colonies?
• Which colonies are considered the Middle Colonies?
• Which colony was originally founded by the Dutch?
• Which colony was founded by Quakers?
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• Which colonies relied on tobacco as their cash crop?
• Which colony’s cash crop was indigo and rice?
• Which colony was founded by Lord Baltimore as a haven for Catholics?
• Which colony was founded as a buffer against the Spanish and a refuge for debtors?
• Which colonies were founded by Puritans?
• Which colony had the highest % of slaves?
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The Enlightenment
• Early 1700s philosophy movement from Europe
• Reason over faith, science over religion
• Benjamin Franklin inventions & almanac
• Questioned traditional monarchy
• John Locke “Natural Rights”
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The Great AwakeningThe Great Awakening• Religious revival in Religious revival in
response to effects of response to effects of Enlightenment in 1740sEnlightenment in 1740s
• Jonathan Edwards & Jonathan Edwards & George Whitefield George Whitefield leading ministersleading ministers
• ““Sinners in the Hands Sinners in the Hands of An Angry Godof An Angry God””
• God is angry but can God is angry but can forgive – anyone can forgive – anyone can repent & be savedrepent & be saved
• Blamed science, greed, Blamed science, greed, & traditional church for & traditional church for drop in faithdrop in faith
RR
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Effects of the Great Awakening
RELIGION• Emotional services• Ministers lose authority
many people study bible at home
• New Lights (supporters):– Baptists, Methodists
• Old Lights -(anti) traditionalists - ministers needed to interpret Bible
• Causes diversity of sects & competition
POLITICS• Affects all classes and
regions• Experience shared by
all American colonists• Changes how people
view authority in general
• Long-term drive to expand political equality
RR
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Mercantilism• Empires compete for wealth = export manufactured Empires compete for wealth = export manufactured
goods, import wealth (gold/silver)goods, import wealth (gold/silver)• Colonies exist to benefit the mother country through raw Colonies exist to benefit the mother country through raw
materials and marketsmaterials and markets
““Navigation ActsNavigation Acts”” (1650-1673) (1650-1673)• Trade only on English or colonial-built shipsTrade only on English or colonial-built ships• Banned most colonial manufacturingBanned most colonial manufacturing• Banned most colonial trade with countries other than Banned most colonial trade with countries other than
EnglandEngland
EE
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Colonial Effects of Mercantilism
POSITIVES
• N.E. shipbuilding prospers
• Tobacco monopoly in England
• Protection of British military forces
NEGATIVES• Limited
Manufacturing• Chesapeake
farmers get low prices for crops
• High prices on manufactured goods from England
British didn’t strictly enforce laws - smuggling was common.
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North America in 1750North America in 1750North America in 1750North America in 1750
What caused the French & Indian War?