ENGLISH NOTES, CLASS - 7 UNIT-1 GROWING UP

Section-1 A Gift Of Chappals Read and Answer 1. What caught Mridu’s attention at the door? Why? A pair of large black slippers caught Mridu's attention at the door because they were grey with dust and the clear mark of every toe on the front part of each slipper could be seen and the marks for the big toes were long and scrawny. 2. What reason did Ravi give for naming the cat Mahendra-Varma Pallava Poonai? Ravi gave the name Mahendra-varma Pallava Poonai to the cat because according to him the cat was a descendant of Mahabalipuram Rishi Cat. It was one of the descendants of an Egyptian Cat Goddess that was a stowaway in one of the Pallava ships from its native place. This Cat Goddess's descendant was the Mahabalipuram Rishi Cat who was the ancestor of MP Poonai. 3. Describe the music –master and his music session but in a style of your own. The music master had a bony figure. He was almost bald but had a fringe of oily black hair probably to cover his baldness. This fringe was long enough and could be tugged behind the ear. He also had an old fashioned tuft jutting out to give him an old fashioned look. He wore a gleaming gold chain around his leathery neck and a diamond ring that glittered as his hand glided up and down the stem of the violin. He wore a gold bordered 'veshti' that gave him a rich look. A large foot stuck out from beneath it. He was a good violin player who created lovely music with great melody and rhythm. 4. What thought made Mridu tell herself that Rukku Manni would not be angry about the disappearance of the chappals? Mridu thought Rukku Manni would not be angry if she comes to know that they have given the chappals to the beggar who had blistered feet. Think And Answer 1. Why didn’t Mridu have time to wonder about whose slippers they were? Mridu didn't have much time to wonder about whose slippers they were because Ravi dragged her to the backyard behind a thick bitter berry bush to show her a small kitten they had found outside the gate that morning. It was lapping up milk from a coconut half- shell.

2. What prompted the children to give the chappals to the beggar? The children wanted to help the poor beggar who had blisters under his feet because he did not have a pair of slippers. It was difficult and painful for him to walk bare feet on the scorching road. 3. Don’t you think there is something interesting about the pair of chappals in the story? What is it? The story revolved around a pair of chappals rather than a human character. Throughout the story, the chappals were being given away without a thought. The owners' wishes were not taken into consideration at all. The children took a hasty decision and gave away the music master's chappals without realising what they were doing. Later on Rukku Mani gave away Gopu Mama's chappals to calm down the furious music master. 4. Who was the actual loser in the story, the music-master or Gopu Mama? Gopu Mama was the actual loser because the poor fellow was left without a pair of chappals. The music master got Gopu Mama's chappals as compensation for his pair that was given away to the beggar. But nobody bothered to think what this poor fellow would do every evening as he was in the habit of removing his shoes hurriedly, to get into his comfortable chappals. In the story the beggar was without chappals. The children felt bad for him. Their chappals wouldn't fit him, so they gave away the music teacher's chappals to the beggar. They were shabby looking but sturdy. This was the beggar's gain. Then when the music teacher raised a pair and cry about his missing slippers. Rukku Manni had no option but gave away Gopu mama's new, hardly worn slippers to him. This was the music teacher's gain and Gopu mama's loss! 5. Someone’s gain is another’s loss. Comment in the light of the story. In the story the beggar was without chappals. The children felt bad for him. Their chappals wouldn't fit him, so they gave away the music teacher's chappals to the beggar. They were shabby looking but sturdy. This was the beggar's gain. Then when the music teacher raised a pair and cry about his missing slippers. Rukku Manni had no option but gave away Gopu mama's new, hardly worn slippers to him. This was the music teacher's gain and Gopu mama's loss! Reference to Context Read the following statement and answer the questions that follow. “They cost a whole month’s fee.”

ENGLISH NOTES, CLASS - 7 a) Who said this and to whom? The music-master said this to Lalli. b) What is ‘They’? Pair of chappals c) Why did the speaker say this? Because the speaker was not able to find his chappals. d) What happens next? Next, Lalli went in to tell her mother about the incident. Hots Question Do you feel the beggar in this story is unfit to do some work? Write a report stating how and begging should not be encouraged. The beggar in the story 'The Gift of Chappals' seems to be a perfectly healthy man. He is lazy and has adopted beggary as a convenient profession. He does not work hard for a livelihood but depends on this particular family for food. He begs for everything and is happy doing nothing. He does not feel the need to lead a better and respectable life because his basic needs are satisfied through alms from the simple women in the story. Beggary should surely be abolished because it is not a healthy habit and beggars are a burden on the society. In the name of religion or donation, beggars make a fool of simple men and women. It has been seen that beggars often belong to gangs who indulge in theft, robbery and even kidnapping. So they should not be encouraged. We should follow the example of the Municipal Corporation of Kochi. It has actually picked up beggars from streets and made arrangements for homes and even education in the case of children. They are counseled regularly so that they can be educated and are able to join the main stream of the society latter. ………………………………………………………………………..............

SECTION-2 The Hero Answer Orally 1. What was the ‘unexpected’ that happened with Swaminathan? One morning events took an unexpected turn for Swaminathan. The news report of a boy who came face to face with a tiger and how he even fought with the tiger became a sore for poor Swaminathan. The unknown boy's bravery cost Swaminathan the displeasure from his father because Swami was not at all brave. He was in fact a coward who was even scared to sleep alone at night. 2. Do you think what Swaminathan did was actually an act of bravery? No, Swaminathan did not perform any act of bravery. In fact he was last in a nightmare. He was lonely and a devil was about to tear him apart. Swami hugged the

devil and bit him hard. In reality this devil turned out to be burglar who cried out in pain and was caught. This made Swami a hero in school and the police was grateful to him. There was nothing heroic about Swami, he did not change a bit after this event and continued to sleep with his granny. Read and Answer 1. What was Swami’s father reading about in the newspaper? Swami's father was reading about the bravery of a village lad who had come face to face with a tiger. This boy not only faced the tiger but also fought with him. Later he climbed the tree and stayed there for half a day till some people came that way and killed the tiger. 2. What was the frightful proposition made by Swaminathan’s father? The frightful proposition made by Swaminathan's father was that Swami should prove his courage by sleeping alone in his office room at night. 3. What happened in Swami’s sleep? Describe what he experienced, in detail. Swami slept alone in his father's office. With great difficulty he fell asleep. In his dream a tiger chased him. He tried to escape but his feet would not move. The tiger was at his back and its claws scratched the ground. In his sleep Swami tried to open his eyes but couldn't do so, as a result the nightmare continued. At last he opened his eyes to feel Granny's presence but instead touched the wooden leg of the bench. He realised that he was alone and he sweated out of fear. He heard something rustle and move. He was sure that his end had come and a devil was lurking somewhere near him to tear him apart. Swaminathan hugged him with all his might and bit the devil. Think And Answer 1. a) Why did Swaminathan feel cut off from humanity? Swaminathan felt cut off from humanity because he was being forced to sleep alone in the office room. He was too scared but his father did not budge an inch and also threatened him that if Swami went to Granny's side at night he would tell all his friends what a coward Swami was. b) Why did Swaminathan feel that the boy who fought the tiger was not a boy but a monster? Swami was a boy who was afraid to be alone at night. He even slept with his Granny but the village boy's story disturbed the peace in his life as Swami's father wanted him to behave like the village lad who bravely faced the tiger.

ENGLISH NOTES, CLASS - 7 He felt that a normal human couldn't have gathered such guts and this village lad was certainly a monster who could face, fight and finally escape a tiger's wrath. 2. What was the reason behind outburst of Swaminathan’s mother? Love, protective instinct and an understanding of her son's fears were the reasons behind mother's outburst. She did not want her son to sleep alone in the office room because a day ago, a burglar had broken into their house and it was just good luck that Swami was not harmed or hurt by the notorious burglar. a) Did Swami overcome his fear finally? No, Swaminathan did not overcome his fears because towards the end of the story he was found sharing the room with Granny at night. b) Like Swaminathan, do you have any fears? Write about them. Yes, I do have some fears. I fear Maths and before every exam I dream that I don't know the solution to a single problem. The Maths book flies around me like a witch and I desperately try to solve the sums but in vain. (Students may share thoughts about their on fears.) Reference to Context Read the following statement and answer the questions that follow. “Why do you take him to the office room?” a) Who said this and to whom? Swaminathan’s mother said this to his father b) Who does ‘him’ refer to? 'Him ‘is Swami. c) When and why were these words said? These words were said by mother when Swami’s father was taking him to office room to sleep alone and on the way, Swami threw a look of appeal at his mother. Swami’s mother said so because she loved and cared for Swamy. d) What happens next? Next, Swami is taken by his father to the office room and made to sleep there. ………………………………………………………………………..............

Section Three-Childhood Memories Answer Orally 1. Find out what apartheid means. As a child Nelson was mostly left on his own devices. He played with toys he made himself. He moulded animals and birds out of clay. Nature was his playground. 2. What difference did Nelson Mandela notice, as a child, between himself and the children in a white household, when they asked questions? The donkey not only unseated Mandela but also bolted into a nearby thorn bush. The thorns pricked and

scratched Nelson's face embarrassing him in front of his friends. Nelson learned the lesson of his life. Even if he defeated his opponent, he did not dishonour them because to humiliate another person is to make him suffer an unnecessarily cruel fate. Read and Answer 1. How did Nelson spend most of his free time as a child? As a child Nelson was mostly left on his own devices. He played with toys he made himself. He moulded animals and birds out of clay. Nature was his playground. The donkey not only unseated Mandela but also bolted into a nearby thorn bush. The thorns pricked and scratched Nelson's face embarrassing him in front of his friends. Nelson learned the lesson of his life. Even if he defeated his opponent, he did not dishonor them because to humiliate another person is to make him suffer an unnecessarily cruel fate. 2. What lesson did Nelson Mandela learn as a boy after being unseated by a donkey? Mandela's father decided to send his son to school as per the guidance of George Mbekela. His father made special preparations. He took a pair of his trousers and cut them at the knee so that they fitted Mandela. The length was correct but the waist was too wide. For this he tied a string to make it fit his son's small waist. This gesture made Nelson very proud. 3. What Preparations were made to send nelson to School? Mandela's father decided to send his son to school as per the guidance of George Mbekela. His father made special preparations. He took a pair of his trousers and cut them at the knee so that they fitted Mandela. The length was correct but the waist was too wide. For this he tied a string to make it fit his son's small waist. This gesture made Nelson very proud. 4. How did Nelson feel after putting on his father’s cut-off trousers? Nelson was never prouder to wear any suit as he was to wear his father's cut-off trousers. Think And Answer 1. Why did Nelson’s father agree to send him to school? Nelson's father agreed to send him to school because he himself had not attended school and was uneducated. Therefore, when opportunity knocked at the door he decided to send his son to school. Beside this George Mbekela had also suggested that Nelson was clever and should be sent to school.

ENGLISH NOTES, CLASS - 7 2. Why do you think the teacher bestowed the name Nelson to the little boy? Africans of Nelson's generation had an African and a Western name. Miss Mdingane, Nelson's teacher at school gave him the name 'Nelson'. According to Nelson it had something to do with the great British Sea Captain Lord Nelson. Lord Nelson was the one whose strategies at sea made Britain win the splendid victory in the Battle of Trafalgar. This brave officer was shot towards the end of the battle and before dying his last words were 'God and My Country'. On knowing of his death, King George III had remarked 'We have lost more than gained'. Reference to Context Read the following statement and answer the questions that follow. “Your son is a clever young fellow...” a) Who said this and to whom? George Mbekela said this to Mandela's mother. b) Who was the ‘clever young fellow? Nelson Mandela was the clever young fellow. c) Why did the speaker say this? Yes, he was. d) What happens next? Mbekela suggested that Nelson should go to school. His mother relayed this to his father who agreed and began sending Nelson to school. Hots Question Discuss two things that impressed you the most in Nelson Mandela’s growing up days. Nelson Mandela impressed me immensely because of his positive belief that one should not humiliate even one's enemy. One should defeat opponents without dishonoring them. Another great part of his personality was that even as a child he was sensitive towards what his parents did for him. He was very proud to wear his father's cut-off trousers. He did not complain, show disregard or ask for a new one. ………………………………………………………………………..............

Section Four -As You Grew 1. What do you understand by, ‘take with you the wisdom to focus on the ‘good’ in life’’? It is wise to concentrate on good moments and the goodness in general that life offers from time to time. There is no need to focus on the sadness as it multiplies. 2. Why is honesty important in life? You may give your own ideas. Honesty is important because it makes us bold and fearless. We do not face unnecessary problems in life. We should remember that in order to hide a lie we have to lie and be dishonest innumerable times.

3. What happens when you know the difference between right and wrong? If we understand the difference between right and wrong, we become wise and are quick to intercept wrong influence in life. 4. Why is simplicity important? Simplicity teaches us to relish simple pleasures in life and not become materialistic in our outlook. 5. How can you enjoy the present? We can enjoy the present by treating it like a 'gift'. The past is gone and the future is uncertain. So live in the present and make the best of it. ………………………………………………………………………..............

UNIT-2 Presence of mind Section One - A Clump of Lilac

Answer Orally 1. Have you ever seen lilac flower? Describe it. Yes, I have. It is a violet coloured, beautiful and aromatic flower known for its strong scent. A lilac flower is small in size and grows in bunches. It is found in many parts of the world. It is a common flower in Australia, Russia and Japan. 2. Don’t you feel by sharing a problem, you actually share your burden and feel lighter? Narrate an incident when this happened with you. On the way to school - a group of boys-every day invite to join-three days- skipped school – went to catch fish with boys - felt guilty – did not know what to do - shared problem with teacher - felt lighter – got proper guidance. Read and Answer 1. “Without his wife he would never have found enough energy and would have given up. ‘How did Kolya’s wife Vera prove this statement true? Vera had always helped Kolya in keeping his spirits high whenever he met with failures. She went without luxuries for enabling him to enjoy the modest luxuries. She also helped him by copying papers, drawing plans and reading for him. 2. a) How did Vera make the green spot on the map reality? Vera told Kolya that they would plant bushes at the spot where the picture of a clump of bushes occurred in his map. She pawned her diamond-studded earrings for twenty-five roubles and then went to the gardener's house with Kolya. She persuaded the gardener to plant a clump of lilac at the spot. She accompanied him to the spot and got the bush planted in such a way that it couldn't be distinguished from the rest.

ENGLISH NOTES, CLASS - 7 3. Write a paragraph about Nicolai Yevgrafovitch Almasov, highlighting his basic nature and also his relationship with his wife. Nicolai Yevgrafovitch Almasov is an ambitious young officer who works hard with perseverance to achieve his goal. However, he lacks the spirit and endurance to work independently towards his goal. He also seems to be a little careless as he makes a thick spot on the map. But he shows presence of mind when he draws a clump of bushes over the spot and when questioned about it by his professor he replies that there is a clump of bushes at the spot. Nicolai Yevgrafovitch Almasov is very attached to his wife. He trusts her and has faith in her as he knows that she would always work towards his success. He owes a lot to her for his success and achievements. (The teacher may encourage students to add more points supported by proper reasons.) Think And Answer 1. In which country is this story set? Can you guess the nationality of Nicolai Yevgrafovitch Almasov? The story is set in Russia. Nicolai Yevgrafovitch Almasov is a Russian. 2. a) Why was Kolya’s map rejected? In the map he made a green spot to hide the thick spot he had made by mistake. He claimed the green spot was a clump of lilac which actually never existed and he drew a clump of bushes on the spot. b) How did the clump of lilac come into the map? The clump of lilac came into the map as Almasov tried to cover the spot that he had accidently made, with a green spot and drew a clump of bushes to conceal the spot that he made by mistake. 3. Without hearing a word, how did Vera make out that the story of the bush had ended happily? She noticed her husband's vigorous walk and she knew that the story of the bush had ended happily. 4. Why do you think the couple chose to plant a clump of lilac bushes? The couple chose to plant a clump of lilac bush as they must have seen it and found it attractive. Reference to Context Read the following statement and answer the questions that follow. “I know the place well, as well as the palm of my own hand; there are no bushes there.” a) Who said this and to whom? The professor said this to Kolya. b) Which ‘Place’ is being talked about? The place on the map where Kolya had drawn a clump of green bushes. c) How would you assess the speaker?

The speaker is a knowledgeable and clever man with a sharp memory. d) What happens next? Since the professor was very sure of that spot having no bushes, it was decided that next morning they would both go and inspect the place. Hots Questions 1. What would have happened if the gardener refused to help the couple? If the gardener had refused to help the couple, then Kolya's map would have been rejected. He would not be able to complete college but would have had to return to the regiment in disgrace. 2. What would have happened if the spot on the map was a yellow one? Maybe the gardener could have removed all the grass and greenery from there and spread lots of sand!! ………………………………………………………………………..............

Section-2 - Prithviraj Chauhan II Answer Orally Why do you think Prithviraj, “We are not so weak as to be a afraid of a mere plunderer!” Muhammad Ghori, the Sultan of Ghori, wanted to loot the riches of Delhi and make his country the wealthiest in the world. Prithviraj Chauhan, the ruler of Delhi, was a valiant warrior who was known for his heroic expeditions and his reign in the field of combat. When the news of the impending attack reached him, he decided to fight Muhammad Ghori. Even though Muhammad Ghori had conquered and plundered the mightiest and the most prosperous of kingdoms, Prithviraj Chauhan was determined not to let his kingdom slip easily into the hands of a ‘mere plundered.’ Therefore, accepting the challenge, he declared, “We are not so weak as to be afraid of mere plundered!” Read and Answer 1. How did the minister describe Prithviraj in Muhammad’s court? On hearing Muhammad Ghori’s plan to invade Delhi, the minister tried to warn him by informing him that Prithviraj Chauhan, the ruler of Delhi was unparalleled in the field of combat. The minister also added that there were numerous stories of his heroic expeditions and defeating him seemed to be an impossible mission. 2. What reason does Prithviraj give for pardoning Muhammad? What Promise does he take from Muhammad? Prithviraj pardoned Muhammad as he felt that everyone should be given a chance to reform and rectify their mistakes.

ENGLISH NOTES, CLASS - 7 He assured Muhammad that he would forgive him on the condition that he would never ever think of invading Delhi again. 3. Why were relations between Prithviraj and Jai Chand strained? Relations between Prithviraj and Jai Chand were strained. This began when Jai Chand, to prove his superiority over the Rajput kings had decided to perform the Rajsuya Yagya. Prithviraj had refused to attend the yagya and did not accept Jaichand’s supremacy .This further worsened when Jaichand’s daughter, Sanyogita decided to marry Prithviraj as she had fallen in love with him. Jaichand was enraged to know this fact and could not accept it. 4. How do you think Prithviraj was happy with the contents of Sanyogita’s letter? Jaichand ordered his minister to get a statue of Prithviraj made and place it at the entrance of his palace so that all the participants of the swayamwar of his daughter, Sanyogita, could see that Prithviraj had been made his gatekeeper. By doing this, Jaichand wanted to humiliate Prithviraj. Think And Answer 1 “I feel that Ghori should not be pardoned but instead be sentenced to death”. Why do you think Chandbardai says this? Chandbardai was Prithviraj’s well-wisher as he had always supported him and had been by his side in tough times. He warned Prithviraj when he pardoned Muhammad as he could sense that Muhammad could not be trusted. 2. “That is impossible? It cannot happen!” Who said these words and why? These words have been spoken by Jaichand, the King of Kannauj. His daughter, Sanyogita, impressed by Prithviraj Chauhan’s heroic tales of valour, informed him that she would marry nobody but Prithviraj Chauhan. Enraged by the fact that his daughter’s betrothed could be his enemy, he uttered these words to demonstrated the impossibility of the marriage. 3. Why do you think Prithviraj was happy with the contents of Sayogita’s letter? Sanyogita had declared her love for him and had invited him to her swayamvar ceremony. Therefore, Prithviraj was happy on reading the contents of her letter. Reference to Context Read the following statement and answer the questions that follow. “He has reduced your status to a mere guard.”

a) Whose words are these? The messenger of Prithviraj Chauhan has spoken these words. b) Who are ‘He’ and ‘your’? ‘He’ refers to Jai Chand and ‘your ‘refers to Prithviraj Chauhan. c) How has the ‘status ‘been reduced? Jaichand had installed a statue of Prithviraj at the gate of his palace so that all the participants of the swayamwar could see him as Jaichand’s gatekeeper. d) What is the listener’s reaction? Prithviraj Chauhan was enraged and decided to teach Jaichand a lesson. ………………………………………………………………………..............

Prithviraj Chauhan II Answer Orally 1. What reason does Muhammad give for not trusting Jaichand? Muhammad states that he didn’t trust Jai Chand because he had betrayed his own country and whosoever betrayed his own country could not be trusted. Read and Answer 1. How does Muhammad ‘reward’ Jaichand? What explanation does he give for ‘rewarding’ him? After defeating Prithviraj, Jai Chand asked Muhammad to make him the ruler of Delhi. Muhammad acknowledged that the victory would have been impossible without Jai Chand’s assistance so he would surely be rewarded suitably. He then ordered his soldiers to chain Jai Chand. That was the reward which Jai Chand got for being loyal to Muhammad. Muhammad justified his act by saying that Jai Chand had betrayed his own country and whosoever betrays his own country could not be trusted. 2. What does Muhammad have for Prithviraj? Does Prithviraj accept the offer? Why does he do so? Muhammad Ghori offered Prithviraj to remain his vassal and become free from being captive. Prithviraj, however, opposed the offer and said that he would rather embrace death as he was a Rajput, who were known for their boldness and bravery. 3. What skill had Prithviraj mastered? How did it help him? Prithviraj was adept at archery. He could hit the target purely on the basis of sound.in the end, this skill had helped him in vanquishing Muhammad Ghori once more. Just on the basis of listening to the sound he was able to shoot his target and kill Muhammad.

ENGLISH NOTES, CLASS - 7 4. How does Chandbardai help Prithviraj to know where Muhammad was sitting? Chandbardai told Prithviraj that at the contest he would help him in locating Mohammad’s position, by reciting a couplet. Prithviraj would shoot his arrow exactly in the same direction. After entering the venue, Chandbardai chanted a couplet when Prithviraj stood ready with his bow and arrow. The lines were, “Charbass, chaubees gaj, angul ashtpraman, Ta upar sultan hai, mat chuke Chauhan,” which meant that the Sultan was sitting at a distance of four bamboo poles, twenty four yards and the width of eight fingers precisely and that Prithviraj must not miss his target. And then Mohammed commanded him to mark his aim which made it easier for Prithviraj to shoot Ghori right through his heart. In the end Prithviraj succeeded in his plan by vanquishing Mohammad. Think And Answer 1. “An outsider can still be pardoned for treason, but not someone who is one of us” Prithviraj said this as Jaichand had formed an alliance with Mohammad Ghori to defeat him. He could not bear the betrayal and asked his soldiers to prepare for the battle. 2. Who was Prithviraj’s well-wisher? Give reasons for your choice. Chandbardai was Prithviraj’s well-wisher as he had always supported him and had been by his side in tough times. He warned Prithviraj when he pardoned Mohammad as he could sense that Mohammad could not be trusted. Later, when Prithviraj stood as a captive in front of Mohammad. Chandbardai could not see him standing helpless and had rebuked Mohammad at the archery contest. Chandbardai had always proved to be loyal to his king. 3. After reading the lesson, write a short character sketch of Prithviraj Chauhan. Prithviraj Chauhan was a valiant warrior and well versed in the skill of warfare. He was the ruler of Delhi and was unparalleled in the field of combat. It was almost impossible to defeat him in a battle. He had repulsed the invasions by Mohammad Ghori but was defeated when Mohammad and Jaichand together formed an alliance against him. Prithviraj was bold and he fought with bravery but lost the battle. He never lost his courage and audacity and being a Rajput he never gave up easily. He was able to kill Mohammad Ghori by his unique skills in archery. Prithviraj was a man of dignity who believed in an honorable death than leading a life of humiliation.

Reference to Context Read the following statement and answer the questions that follow. “Let me witness this event also.” 1. Whose words are this? Mohammad Ghori has spoken these words. 2. What is ‘this event’? This event refers to the archery contest organized by Ghori in which Prithviraj also wished to participate and for which Chandbardai requested Mohammad to give Prithviraj a chance. 3. Why is the speaker excited about ‘this event’? Mohammad Ghori was excited to see the event because he thought that it was impossible for Prithviraj to shoot a target as he was blind. 4. What happens at ‘this event’? Prithviraj stood with his bow and arrow and as planned, waited for Chandbardai’s instructions. Chandbardai started chanting a couplet in which he directed the position of Muhammad to make Prithviraj’s shoot accurate. And then Muhammad commanded him to mark his aim which made it easier for Prithviraj to shoot Ghori right through his heart. In the end, Prithviraj succeeded in his plan by vanquishing Muhammad. Hots Questions Why was Muhammad told to instruct Prithviraj thrice to shoot? Prithviraj Chauhan was skilled in archery. He could hit the target purely on the basis of sound. Chandbardai had devised the archery contest as a way to employ Prithviraj’s skill to kill Muhammad Ghori while he sat. By asking him to command Prithviraj thrice, Chandbardai helped Prithviraj hear in on Ghori’s voice and shoot him right through his heart. ………………………………………………………………………..............

Section four-The Glove 1. What kind of king was Kind Francis? d) He was a hearty king. 2. Why did the Count’s beloved drop her glove? (b) To prove Count's love 3. Why did the king say, “Good gentlemen, we’re better here than there!’’ King said so because it was better to be up there where they could just see the lions and were not in the bars. 4. “…great glory will be mine!” a) Who said this? The beautiful young lady said this. b) What does the ‘great glory’ refer to? The ‘great glory' refers to the honour which the lover would earn by daring to bring his beloved's glove from the lions' cage.

ENGLISH NOTES, CLASS - 7 c) What do you learn about the speaker from these words? She had vanity and did not truly love the Count. 5. Why did the Count throw the glove in the lady’s face? Do you think his act was right? The Count threw the glove in the lady's face as he realised that the lady did not love him and was even ready to put his life at risk to earn glory. 6. Do you think the wish of the lady was appropriate? Give reasons for your answer. No, because she had put Count's life at risk just to earn glory in the king's court. ………………………………………………………………………..............

UNIT-3: WISDOM Section One-The Missile Man

Answer Orally 1. Narrate the incident that proved to be a turning point in Abdul Kalama’s life. What did you learn from it? One day, Abdul Kalam was attending his class at the age of ten when his teacher explained the diagram of a bird and about its lifting and flying. Abdul Kalam told her that he did not understand the concept. The teacher with many other students took him to the seashore and explained the concept again by showing the birds flapping their wings and flying. From that day, he thought that he would pursue his further studies in Flight Sciences. 2. What do you know about the Indian Missile programme? Share it with your class. Indian Missile programme was launched in 1983 by Abdul Kalam. It was introduced for the development of the nation in the field of science. Read and Answer 1. How did Kalam decide his future career? The teacher took the students to the seashore because they did not understand the flapping, flying and movement for changing directions of the birds in the classroom. The students observed the birds flapping their wings, the tail portion and the marvelous formation. They understood the concept easily. After learning and understanding about the birds at the seashore, Kalam decided to further study about flights. 2. What are the five major projects of IGMDP? Prithvi, Akash, Trishul, Nag and Agni are the five major projects of IGMDP. 3. How does Kalam explain the brighter side of nuclear energy? Kalam explained that an atom can be used for power generation, medical application, irradiation of seeds for quality agriculture, etc.

4. According to Abdul Kalam, how can the inequality of access to educational be resolved? According to him, it can be only resolved by enhancing the number of seats in professional courses like medical, Burma, management etc. Think And Answer 1. Abdul Kalam and rest of his classmates understood the whole bird dynamics easily with a practical example. a) Do you think a practical example can make understanding easy? Yes, a practical example can make understanding easy. b) Which method do you prefer for learning different concepts? Learning by doing, practical example and discussion are few methods for learning different concepts. 2. Abdul Kalam visualizes a distinctive profile of India by 2020.Describe his visualization in your own words. Do you see this vision translating into reality? Kalam visualized a different profile of India by 2020. According to him, India would be a nation where urban and rural division would be reduced to a very thin line. India would be a nation which would have best schools, most talented scholars, scientists and investors, best of health care would be available. The government would be responsive, transparent and corruption free. Crimes would be removed against children and women. 3. “…no youth today needs to fear about the future.” Throw light on this statement. Abdul Kalam stressed that if the youth has an aim in life, realise that time spent cannot be recovered, the precious time will be used in achieving the goals. Confidence to win and defeat would lead to success. Reference to Context Read the following statement and answer the questions that follow. “...how to progress further in learning flight sciences” a) Who said this and to whom? Abdul Kalam said this to his teacher. b) Where were these words said? These words were said one evening, on the seashore, where his teacher had taken the class. c) Why did the speaker say these words? He decided that his future study would be related to flight and flight sciences and that he had got a goal and mission in life. d) How did the ‘learning’ help the speaker? When Kalam went to college he took Physics and when he went for engineering, his subject was aeronautical engineering. Hots Questions

ENGLISH NOTES, CLASS - 7 1. How do you see India by 2020? India by 2020 would undoubtedly be a developed country with promising future for the youth, better education for children, and improved status of women and on the whole would be a better nation. 2. What have you learnt from this interview? Discuss. The interview inspires us to believe in ourselves, be determined and work with an aim to win. Abdul Kalam’s words are quite motivational for the youth and make us feel that India's distinctive profile would change the position of our nation all over the world. ………………………………………………………………………..............

Section Two –Three Questions Answer Orally 1. What were the solutions suggested by the wise men? The wise men gave many suggestions to the king. Some advised him to prepare a time table and follow it strictly while others were opposed to it and said it was not possible to do so. Some insisted that the king should notice all that was going on, avoid foolish pleasures and do whatever was necessary at the time. Others said it would be ideal to have a council of wise men to help the king. Some were against it and said it would only delay matters if an urgent decision had to be taken. Magicians could also be of help whereas soldiers and priests were also important. Many wise men suggested that the king should choose fighting, religious worship or science. The wise men made these suggestions because the king had promised a large sum of money to anyone who would answer the questions which he felt were important to help him improve as a ruler. Each one had his own perception of the world, so he answered differently. 2. Why do you think the hermit kept quiet every time the king asked a question? The hermit wanted the king to find answers to his question himself by inferring from the actions of the hermit and from the subsequent act of saving the wounded man. He wanted the king to learn from his own experiences and observations too. Read and Answer 1. What were the three questions the answers to which would not fail anyone in life? What is the right time to begin something? Which people should the king listen to? What is the most important thing for him to do?

2. Whose advice did the King decide to seek when he did not get satisfactory answers? The king decided to seek the advice of a hermit who lived in the forest and was widely known for his wisdom. 3. a) Who came running towards the king and the hermit? A bearded man who was seriously wounded came towards the king and the hermit. b) What had happened to him? The king's bodyguard had attacked and wounded him when he recognized the bearded man. c) How did the King help the wounded man? The king washed and covered his wound with his handkerchief. Later the king re-dressed the wound until the bleeding stopped.

4. d) What did the bearded man disclose to the King? The bearded man disclosed to the king that his brother had been put to death and his property had been seized by the king. Therefore, he came there to kill him and thus avenge his brother's death. Think And Answer

1. What did the king do before meeting the hermit? Why did he do so? The King put on the clothes of an ordinary man as the hermit saw only simple people. Before he reached the hermit's hut, the king had left his horse with his bodyguard and went to him alone. 2. “Do you not see…..important business. “According to the hermit: a) Who was the most important person for the King at that time? The hermit was the most important person for the King at that time. b) What was the most important business for the King at that time? To do good to the hermit by helping him till the land was the most important business.

2. Is a literate person always wise? Comment. Yes, there is a difference between the 'wise' and clever'. 'Wise' means having or showing the ability to make good judgments, based on a deep understanding and experience of life. 'Clever' means having or showing the ability to learn and understand things quickly and easily. A wise person will always think deeply, weigh pros and cons before taking a decision. He will rely more on his understanding and experience than a clever person. Reference to Context Read the following statement and answer the questions that follow.

ENGLISH NOTES, CLASS - 7 “Remember then, there is only one time that is important and that time is ‘Now’……” a) Who said this and to whom? The hermit said this to the king. b) What was the listener asked to remember? The listener was asked to remember that 'Now' was the most important time, because it is the only time we have any power to act. c) Why is ‘Now’ described as the most important time? It is so because it is now only that we have the power to act. d) Do you agree with the seeker? Next, the king gets answers to all the questions. ………………………………………………………………………..............

Section -3 The Refugees Answer Orally Why do you think the old man ran his tongue carefully around the little bow after his grandson had eaten? The old man was very hungry and starving. Therefore, he ran his tongue carefully around the little bowl to eat the bits and pieces of noodles left in it. Read and Answer 1. Why did the refugees see nothing of the sights of new city? The refuges did not see any sights of a new city because they were too near to death. 2. Why did the rickshaw-pullers resent the refugees? The rickshaw-pullers resented the refugees because they were desperately trying to earn their living. The refugees who took to pulling rickshaws had done the job for very small fares and it left the regular rickshaw-pullers of the city go with less earnings. 3. What did the old man do with the bowl of noodles? The old man started to feed his grandson with the bowl of noodles. 4. Match the entries in column A with the appropriate halves in column B. Answers marked below:

Column A Column B

The city was full of For his grandson

The man bought the noodles Because he was very poor

The vendor could not give the bowl free of cost

Buy seeds

The old man saved the coin to refugees

Think And Answer 1. What made the passerby give the old man a silver coin and a copper penny? When the passerby saw the tired and starving old man, he thought that if his father had been alive, he would have given him the silver coin which he had earned that

day. His pity for the plight of the old man made him give a silver coin, along with another copper penny, to the old man. 2. What did the cigy dwellers say when they noticed the refugees? Why did they say so? When the city dwellers noticed more refuges they said, “will there never be an end to them....?”. They said so because they started to feed them. 3. “The best I can do for this grandson of mine…….”What was this best he wanted to do? Why did he want to do this? He wanted to buy seed and cultivate his land. He wanted to do so because his grandson and the future generation would not starve if their land had been cultivated. Hots Questions 1. What do the following mean? Read the story and decipher. a) Bitterness of fear Refers to the fear of the city dwellers about a famine like situation as a result of the large influx of refugees into their city who were starving and needed food to survive. b) Bitter heartiness It refers to the ill-feeling of the city dwellers towards the endless multitude of refugees coming to their city. 2. Do you think the old man’s decision at the end of the story was wise? Why do you feel so? Yes, it was wise as without seed there would be no crops, no food and it would cause starvation. Reference to Context Read the following statement and answer the questions that follow. “Let me see you eat noodles!” a) Who said this and to whom? The author is saying this to the reader. b) Why did the speaker say this? It refers to the fact that the look on the faces of this set of refugees would make any one proud. c) Where did the speaker say this? It could be seen because they wore garments woven out of the same dart blue stuff. d) What happens next? Next, the old man lifted his head slowly. When he saw the silver, he did not put out his hand. ……………………………………………………………………………………

Section Four-Life’s Mirror A little more of the poem 1. According to the poet how will the best come back to us? The best will come to us if we give our best to the world.

ENGLISH NOTES, CLASS - 7 2. ‘Give love ….deed.’ a)What is ‘a strength in your utmost need’? Love from family and friends will render great support and give strength when one is in trouble or going through hard times. b) How can people enjoy the faith of others? People can enjoy faith of others if they have faith in other people. 3. Circle any of the given words to describe the poet: optimist/pessimist/realist Optimist 4. What does the poet mean by saying, ‘give taught and your gift will be paid in kind’? Be truthful and other people will be truthful towards you. 5. What does he poet suggest we should give to people who mourn? (b) Pity and love 6. Why does the poet say,’ though the sowing seemed but vain.’? Hard work and good deeds will not go in vain, as they will bring us the fruits of our labour. 7. What does the poet mean by, ‘For life is the mirror of King and slave; ‘tis just what we are and do’? Life is like a mirror it shows you the truth. 8. Has it ever happened that you hot what you gave? When and how? Yes, once I gave a lift to an old man on my bicycle and dropped him to his farmhouse. One day I was on my way back home from my tuition, it started raining and I was getting wet as I carried no umbrella or my raincoat with me. The old man saw from his farmhouse that I was walking in the rain. Immediately, he came to me with his umbrella and gave it to me to reach home without getting wet. ……………………………………………………………………………………

UNIT-4 SCHOOLDAYS Section-1: A School In 1500 BC

Answer orally How is the school I 1500 BC different from your school? In 1500 BC students used to learn from sages and wise men who lived in the hermitages and monasteries. Those teachers led very simple life away from luxuries and material pleasures of the world. The students used to stay at their teachers' place until they completed their education. During the stay, besides doing their studies, the students had to do perform various household duties. 'Simple living and high thinking' was the basic principle of the education at that time.

Discipline, truthfulness, cultural and religious values had been given greater emphasis in education. Read and Answer Read the following statements and write true (T) or false (F) against them. Also, rewrite the correct form of the false statements. a) Vasu reminded Jaya that it was their turn to collect fire wood. True b) Vasu and Jaya both about fourteen years old, were princes from neighbouring kingdoms. False. Vasu and Jaya were princes from the neighboring kingdoms. c) The hermitage was set in the Ayodhya forests. False. The hermitage was set in Vindhya forest d) The duty of collecting the firewood meant getting up earlier than the rest of the students. (True) e) Jaya grabbed the sword and slashed at the high branches of trees. False. The soldier slashed at the high branches of the trees. Think And Answer 1. Why was Basu’s tone ‘urgent’ when he poked Jaya as he lay sleeping? It was their turn to collect the firewood from the forest floor that day and those who got this duty had to get up earlier than others did. 2. Why were Vasu and Jaya sent to the ashrama? Vasu and Jaya were sent to ashrama to get disciplined or schooled. 3. ‘Jaya and Vasu added some of the wood to the fire; however the flames did not leap upa as usual…’Why do you think the fire did not brighten? The fire didn't brighten as the firewood weren't dried twigs which were picked up from the forest floor. They were the chopped-off branches of the trees with their sap. 4. Jaya and Vasu were not punished but they learnt their lesson. How did this happen? They learnt their lesson because the Rishi encouraged them to be brave and tell the truth. He saw that both friends took up the responsibility of the folly they had committed, the boys learnt the lesson because they saw that the Rishi looked sad at the end of the lesson. Next time they went to collect honey they did not take the help of the soldier nor did they complain about their life in the ashram. Reference to Context Read the following statement and answer the questions that follow.

ENGLISH NOTES, CLASS - 7 “Is there anything I can do for you?” a) Who said this and to whom? A soldier from Jaya's Kingdom said these words to Jaya. b) Where were these words said? They were said when they met in the forest, early in the morning. c) Why did the speaker say this? He recognized Jaya as being the prince of his kingdom and wanted to help him. d) What happens next? Next, the soldier helped them cutting some firewood with his sword and making a good pile for them. Hots Question Do you think the Rishi was a good teacher? What makes you think so? Yes, the Rishi was a good teacher. When valued Jaya got late and finally came with big bundles of firewood, the teacher thought that they were hungry and offered those fruits and milk by breaking the rules of the ashrama. The teacher didn't punish them when they told him how they managed to get the firewood from the forest. They were given a chance to learn from their mistakes and correct themselves later.

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Section Two-Home Sickness Answer Orally Why do you think the Matron and the school doctor decided to send the author home? They decided to send him home because they didn't want him to get worse and have a ruptured appendix. Read and Answer 1. The author says, ‘Homesickness is a bit like seasickness.’ What does he say in support of this statement? He says that both homesickness and seasickness are instantly curable. The first goes away when we leave school and the second when the ship enters the port. 2. ‘This was the right move.’ What was this move? Does the author get the desired result? Nanny said that when we use an old toothbrush, the bristles break and we swallow them, they then stick on the appendix and make it rotten. 3. How did the doctor know that the author was faking his stomach ache? The doctor knew that he was faking a stomach ache because when he examined the author, he found that his stomach was soft and perfectly normal, if he had appendicitis his stomach would be hard and rigid. 4. What advice did the doctor give the author? He advised the author to go back to school and not to blame his mother for sending him away. He also told

him that it would help him cope with life which was tough to handle. Think And Answer 1. After reading the lesson write a paragraph to sketch the characters of the following: a) Matron Matron-strict, systematic. b) the author’s mother Caring author's mother-caring, loving. 2. Do you think the author’s Nanny really believed toothbrush bristles to be the reason for appendicitis? Or do you think she made up the story for a purpose? Explain Why. The author’s nanny didn't believe in what she said to him. She made up the story so that he would be careful and never use an old tooth brush. 3. Why did the doctor not scold the author for faking a stomach ache? What did this lead to? The doctor didn't scold the author for faking a stomach ache because he realised that he was too young to go there and everyone in the beginning gets homesick and finds ways of coming back home. His sympathetic explanation and understanding ways, made the author realize his mistake and he promised the doctor that he would never do it again but remain in the boarding school for the sake of his mother and his own well-being. Reference to Context Read the following statement and answer the questions that follow. “What makes it go bad?” a) Who said this and to whom? The author asked this from Nanny. b) What does ‘it ‘refer to? 'It' is the appendix. c) When and why did the speaker say this? The speaker said this when it was found out that his half-sister was suffering from appendicitis. d) What happens next? The author got scared and decided never to use an old tooth brush.

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Section-3: The Fun They Had Answer Orally 1. What would you prefer to have – a paper storybook or a storybook on a television screen? Support you answer with a reason. Story book. I prefer it because I can hold the paper story book in my hands and read it by moving around my house. I can also run my fingers along the words as I read the text.

ENGLISH NOTES, CLASS - 7 2. “And the teachers were people. “What, according to you, did Margie try to convey through this statement? Margie tried to convey that for those children who will live in 2057 after a century and half from now, the world will be very different from that in which we live today. For the students of 2057, our present system of school education will be an amusing thing to talk about. The books that we use today will become some kind of antique objects for them. Read and Answer 1. What was ‘awfully funny ‘to read in the real book? The ‘awfully funny’ thing to read in the real book is that there the words stood still instead of moving. Turning back the page before, it had the same words on it. 2. What was the book Tommy found, about? The book that Tommy found was about school. 3. a) What made Margin hate school more than ever? Her mechanical teacher had been giving her test after test in geography and she had been doing worse and worse until her mother had shaken her head sorrowfully and sent for the County Inspector. b) What was large and black and ugly? It was the screen of the mechanical teacher on which lessons were shown and the questions were asked. 4. What did Margie visualize about the old schools when her grandfather’s grandfather was a boy? She visualized the schools where all the children learnt the same thing and teacher was a man who taught boys and girls. Think And Answer 1. What did Margie mean when she wrote, ‘Today Tommy found a real book!’? Margie meant that the book which Tommy found was a real one. The book was different from the one that they had read from the television screen. 2. Why do you think the mechanical teacher calculated Margie’s marks in no time? The mechanical teacher is a kind of super-computer and therefore, it takes no time in calculating the marks. 3. How was the learning system of the old days different from the present one which Margie hated? In the olden days students used to go to the building called school and boys and girls learnt same thing from a man. Whereas the present one is a mechanical teacher which is at her home and it is programmed with all the lessons that she has to learn. In the olden days, the children were also taught by their parents, but in the present system of education, the teacher and the student are supervised by a County Inspector. Reference to Context

Read the following statement and answer the questions that follow. “And all the kids learnt the same thing?’’ a) Who said this and to whom? Margie said this to Tommy. b) What does ‘the same thing ‘refer to? The same thing refers to what they learnt in school. c) Why did the speaker say this? The speaker said this because Tommy told her that all the kids went to a special building called school. d) What happens next? Tommy explained to Margie how children were taught in the old schools. Hots Question “But my mother says a teacher has to be adjusted to it the mind of each boy and girl it teaches and that each kid has to be taught differently. “Do you agree with the statement? Why/ Why not? Yes. Each student is a different individual with varying degree of ability levels, with different learning preferences, areas of interest and distinct qualities of heart and mind. In other words, every student is a unique individual in some way or other. Therefore, each student has to be taught differently from the other. The teacher should have a better understanding of the multiple intelligence of his learner and has to adjust himself to accommodate the learning needs of each student. However, it is an impractical idea in the present system of school education.

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Section-4 The Flower School A Little More of the Poem 1. a) Who blows its bagpipes among the bamboos and what does it want to announce? The moist east wind which is marching over the heath blows bagpipe among the bamboos. It wants to announce that it is about to rain so the flowers may come out, play and dance in the grass. b) Who dance upon the grass in ‘wild glee’? The crowds of flowers which come out all of a sudden from a place unknown dance upon the grass in ‘wild glee’. c) With whom is the poet sharing his thoughts? The poet is sharing the thoughts with his mother. 2. a) How does the poet describe the flower school? The poet says that the flower school is somewhere under the ground. When the children do their lessons, the doors of the school will be shut. b) What happens in the forest when it rains? When it rains the branches of the trees in the forest clash together and leaves rustle in the wind. The

ENGLISH NOTES, CLASS - 7 thunder-clouds clap their giant hands while the flower children who are dressed in pink, yellow and white rush out of their underground school. 3. a) Who claps its giant hands? The thunder-clouds clap their giant hands. b) Describe the flower children. The flower children attend their school underground and are dressed in pink, yellow and white. c) Where is the actual home of the flowers, according to the poet? According to the poet, the actual home of the flowers is the sky where stars are seen. 4. ‘haven’t you seen….I have my own.’’ a) Where do the eager flowers wish to go? The eager flowers wish to go home which is up in the sky. b) Why are the flowers in such a hurry? Their mothers were eagerly waiting for them. 5. In the poem, there is a deep attachment of a child towards his / her mother. Which lines in the poem depicts this? “I can guess who raise their arms: they have their mother as I have my own." 6. You are a flower from the poem. Describe your life. I am a flower growing on the heat. I blossomed when moist winds blew and it rained. Butterflies and other insects come and sip nectar from me. I sway from side to side when a gentle breeze blows. People, especially children admire me for my beauty and fragrance. I spend my time happily in the company of other flowers, till it is time for me to wither and fall. 7. Imagine and draw a Star School and write five sentences to describe it. If you wish, you may even write a poem. Students can write the description according to the picture that they draw here.

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UNIT-5: SCIENCE FICTION Section-1: An Alien Hand

Answer Orally 1. Have you heard of the Viking Mission to Mars? Yes, I have heard of the Viking Mission to Mars which aimed at finding life on Mars. 2. Does Science fiction interest you? Why? Science fiction arouses my interest and fascinates me. We have advanced in the field of science and technology and it is quite possible that whatever we read as science fiction may soon become a reality. Science fiction is full of imaginative ideas set in an extremely interesting environment meant to trigger

our minds into applying scientific explanations to fantasies. Read and Answer 1. Number the below given statements according to the sequence of the story. 3-Before he had advanced ten paces, a strong hand fell heavily upon his shoulder. 7-A mechanical hand emerged from the spacecraft. 1 -Tilloo slipped the magic card into the slot. 5-Next day when Tilloo's father went to work, he found the control room full of excitement. 2-A well-lit passage welcomed him. 6-The computer had given a trajectory for this thing. 4-He was escorted by the security staff back home to an angry and anxious mother. 2. A) who was Number Two? Number Two was the scientist in the Central Committee of the Central Bureau. b) Why did he give this suggestion? He suggested that the spacecraft that had landed on the surface ought to be observed passively and not interfered with at all. c) What suggestion did he give? He stated that the intentions or power of the senders of the spacecraft were not known. According to him it would be wise to observe the spacecraft passively and not reveal their existence. If they destroyed the spaceship they might have revealed their existence which could be a threat to their own survival. D) Did Number Three agree or disagree with Number Two? Number Three agreed with Number Two who supported his views. 3. Where was Tilloo not allowed to go? Why he was not allowed? Tilloo was not allowed to go through an underground passage, through which his father went to work every day. It was a forbidden route and only a few selected were permitted to go on that way. 4. What did the press release from NASA say? The first press release from NASA said that Viking Mission continued smoothly but the mechanical hand developed a malfunction and could not collect soil samples as planned. Soon, another press release by NASA clarified that the mechanical hand was functional again. It had collected soil samples as technicians were able to fix it and the samples were being examined for any traces life on Mars. Think And Answer 1. Why were soil samples being collected from Mars?

ENGLISH NOTES, CLASS - 7 Soil samples were being collected from Mars to know if there was life on Mars and if it was possible for humans to live there. 2. ‘There was shrill whistle and Tilloo found himself the center of attention.’ A) Why did Tilloo find himself the center of attention? Tilloo found himself the center of attention because he had pressed the most prominent red button or the control panel which was followed by a shrill whistle. b) What damage was done by Tilloo’s action? As soon as Tilloo pressed the red button the mechanical hand which had emerged from the spacecraft to collect soil samples ceased to work. The damage was done and it would not be possible to get more information about the intentions of the people who had sent the spacecraft. 3. Why was life on Mars expected? What was the disappointment? Was expected that there would be signs of life on Mars because of all the planets in our solar system, Mars is the nearest in location and physical conditions to our Earth. Its conditions seem favorable for life to thrive. There was disappointment as no signs of life were found on Mars by the Viking Mission. Reference to Context Read the following statement and answer the questions that follow. “What does it contain?’’ a) Who said this and to whom? Tilloo said this to his father. b) What does ‘it’ refer to? 'It' refers to the alien spacecraft. c) When and why were these words said? These words were said when Tilloo saw an alien spacecraft on the TV screen because he had never seen anything like it before. d) What happens next? Next, a mechanical hand emerged from the aircraft, it bent and touched the soil. Hots Question Tilloo’s father spoke about certain changes that came about in their world. Do you think such changes are good for the world and its living beings? Who do you think is responsible for these changes? Tilloo's father spoke about many changes that came about in their world. Such changes are not good for the world and its living beings because life ceases to exist in any form when conditions are unfavorable. It the sun does not provide, enough warmth and brightness it will upset the balance of nature. Fish, birds, animals or any other form of life cannot survive. Only if a species is

much evolved and has superior technology at its disposal, it can survive in artificial conditions but cannot lead a normal life in natural surroundings. The living beings will gradually die. If the environment is neglected which includes the air, soil, water resources then the ozone layer. ………………………………………………………………………..............

Section-2: A Battle of Monsters Answer Orally Do you think the ichthyosaurus and plesiosaurus had families? I do believe that the ichthyosaurus and plesiosaurus had families. Read and Answer 1. What happened when Hans was doing the watch? Who disturbed the boy’s slumber? When Hans was doing the watch a terrible shock rocked the raft and it was heaved up on a watery mountain then suddenly pitched down again at a distance of twenty fathoms. An ichthyosaurus and a plesiosaurus attacked each other and fought ferociously. Due to this the sea waves rose up and the boy woke up with a start. 2. Hans sighted something in the water? Name the marine monsters and describe them. Hans sighted an ichthyosaurus and a plesiosaurus in the sea water. The Ichthyosaurus had a porpoise's snout, a lizard's head, a crocodile's teeth and large eyes which glowed like red-hot coal. It had an enormous jaw with hundred and eighty-two teeth. The plesiosaurus, a serpent had a cylindrical body and short tail, had four flappers or paddles to act like oars. Its body was covered with a thick armour of scales and its flexible neck rose thirty feet above the waves. Both the creatures were huge and frightening. 3. What was the confusion about? How many monsters were there? Explain your answer and describe the fight .Who was the survivor? There was confusion because it seemed there were many monsters in There was confusion because it seemed there were many monsters in the sea like a serpent, a crocodile, a lizard, a tortoise, a whale, a porpoise. Every moment one or the other seemed to appear. But soon it was clear that there were only two monsters. Each one had features which were a combination of many animals. The ichthyosaurus resembled a porpoise, a lizard, a crocodile all together whereas the plesiosaurus resembled a snake and a tortoise. The huge creatures attacked each other ferociously and hissed with great force. The two beasts were locked

ENGLISH NOTES, CLASS - 7 together in a fight and it was difficult to distinguish one from another. The fight went on for two hours as fiercely as possible before the two monsters disappeared and continued to fight under water. Finally, the plesiosaurus appeared out of sea water, badly wounded and soon died. The ichthyosaurus was the survivor. Think And Answer 1. Was the Professor anxious or impatient? Why? Give a reason to support your answer. The professor was impatient because before starting on his voyage he had estimated the length of the underground sea at thirty leagues. They had covered three times the distance but their destination, the southern coast, was still not in sight. He felt that they were losing time. 2. “He had disturbed some monstrous beast in its remote den.” How had the Professor disturbed some monstrous beasts? The professor took soundings several times. He tied the heaviest of the pickaxes to a long rope which he let down two hundred fathoms. The pick had deep teeth marks on its metal, which while used for taking soundings had disturbed some monstrous beast in its remote den under the sea. 3. Why did Hans stop the boy from firing? The boy took up his loaded rifle and was about to fire. Hans stopped him from doing so because the scaly armour of the monstrous beasts-could not be harmed by bullets. Hans also realized that they were engaged in a fierce fight and hadn't noticed them. Reference to Context Read the following statement and answer the questions that follow. “It is an enormous porpoise?’’ A) Who said this and to whom? Hans said this to others on boat b) What is ‘It’? Describe ‘It’? It refers to a dark mass, 600 yards away, rising and falling alternately with heavy plunges. C) On which month and date was ‘it’ sighted and by whom? It was sighted on August 17. d) What happens next? Next, they see what looks like a monstrous crocodile and a whale in the distance waters. ………………………………………………………………………..............

Section-3 They Came Answer Orally 1. Which opinion of the scientists do you agree with, regarding the landing of the alien ship?

Scientists expressed different opinions regarding the landing of the alien ship. Some thought that it was a threat because it was probably the first step to an invasion and more ships would follow soon. It would be advisable for people to arm themselves and prepare to retaliate. I would agree with the opinion of other scientists that the aliens came with peaceful intentions because a sophisticated society that could produce such advanced technology, would not intend to attack or harm the inhabitants of the earth. Later in the story it becomes quite evident. 2. Who are ‘out-of-towners’? How do they hinder normal life? As the news of the landing of an alien ship spread, people flocked to the town in large numbers to catch a glimpse of the huge craft. The curious onlookers were people from nearby areas and distant places. These 'out-of-towners' blocked the streets and crowds could be seen near the spacecraft. This hindered normal life of the town people as all the places seemed to be full of people. Read and Answer 1. What was the ‘breaking news’ when the music on the radio stopped playing? As soon as the music playing on the radio stopped abruptly there was breaking news that a huge flying saucer had entered the earth's atmosphere. 2. ‘…..all he could do, was to stand and stare at the thing.’ What was this ‘thing’? Describe it. As reported in the news this thing' was a huge alien ship that had landed in town. The craft was large and silver in color. Its surface looked like brushed metal and it was oval in shape. The details of separate panels could be seen. Along its hull were slits that looked like windows. At several points dotted around the craft were antennae and other pieces of equipment. There was a continuous low hum from the ship that was clearly audible. 3. How did the landing of the spacecraft affect the lives of the common people? The landing of the spacecraft affected the lives of the common people in various ways. People from different places arrived in large numbers to get a glimpse of the spacecraft. The town became very crowded and this hindered the life of the local people. A whole industry had grown up around the aliens. Stalls in the streets sold everything from T-shirts, hats, dolls to books. Good media coverage generated much interest and people from other places left their work to visit the site where the craft had landed. Scientists, politicians gave interviews and expressed their opinions. Science fiction

ENGLISH NOTES, CLASS - 7 writers re-released their books which were suddenly in great demand. Comedians got busy entertaining people by making up jokes about aliens. The media gave proper coverage round-the-clock and many viewers were glued to the television sets to catch-up with any developments. Think And Answer 1. How was the day different for father? Though father left for work as usual but the day was different. Things seemed to have changed after the news of landing of an alien ship spread around. When he alighted from the train he noticed that other passengers didn't seem as noisy, everyone seemed quiet and preoccupied with their own thoughts. The atmosphere around was unusually quiet. The uneasiness, worry and apprehension of the people seemed to have changed things. 2. Discuss the media hype and the resultant opinion of experts and even writers that followed the landing of the spacecraft. The media hype created by continuous and direct coverage from the site of landing of the alien ship generated lot of publicity. Every television programmer revolved around the alien ship. Experts had different views on the incident. Some scientists behind that people should immediately prepare to face an invasion by aliens whereas other scientists held the opinion that the aliens came with peaceful intentions. It was clear that their society was sophisticated and their technology highly advanced. Some politicians, with backup from the military, agreed that it was an invasion, while others disagreed and proposed a wait-and-see attitude. Science-fiction writers re-released their books and the sales picked up. Comedians cracked jokes about the aliens. There were different reactions from different sections of the society. 3. Why does father think that the aliens were a blessing in disguise for the earthlings? Father thought that the aliens were a blessing in disguise for inhabitants of the earth. He believed that people would understand that the universe was populated by different kinds of creatures. Those people had a completely different appearance, different way of seeing life and different needs. The earthlings would learn to adjust with them. People on earth would soon forget their differences and unite to become people of the earth irrespective of their countries or regions. One day they would want to be people of the universe. Hots Questions 1. Do you think the arrival of the spaceship was an invasion? Why/Why not?

The arrival of the spaceship was not an invasion. After it landed, a loud musical note erupted from the ship which made glass windows break and people ran away from the falling glass. The music lasted for about ten minutes, then it stopped. There was no violence or any damage to life or property. 2. What do you think was the loud music that came from the ship? What could have been the purpose of the cacophony that grated the ears? As people gathered around the alien ship in large numbers—some prayed-others chanted -some held crystal as though offering the ship some kind of sacrifice—a loud musical note from the ship was heard which lasted for ten minutes-probably the aliens were making the noise-music had no aesthetic appeal-they were trying to communicate with the earthlings—they wanted to convey that they meant no harm and wanted to be friend wanted to reach out of the people and establish contact in their own way. Reference to Context Read the following statement and answer the questions that follow. “No monsters or aliens are coming…..” a) Who said this and to whom? (a) Daddy said this to his daughter. b) When and why were these words said? This was said when news came in, that a huge flying saucer had entered the earth's atmosphere. The daughter got excited and asked her father if the aliens were coming. c) What was the news on the radio? The news on the radio was that of a huge flying saucer which had entered the atmosphere and would land in the capital in about four hours.

d) What happens next? The children left the table chattering about aliens and monsters and their mother asked their father if they were really aliens. But she was assured that it might just be an advertising company. ………………………………………………………………………..............

Section-4 The Alien A Little More Of the Poem

1. What do you gather about the poet from this poem? d) All of these 2. Why do you think the poet has describe the alien as someone having six pink legs and wobbly eyes? c) Both (a) and (b) 3. What kind of picture has the poet sketched of the teacher? d) All of these

ENGLISH NOTES, CLASS - 7 4. ‘Or would it stick a long tendril out, Wrap it around Teacher? The description reminds me of a lizard. When it attacks its prey it shoots out its tongue and wraps it around the insect before sucking it back into its mouth. (Students may give any other appropriate answer) 5. Who would cheer and laugh? (b) Girls of the class 6. Why would one or two of the girls cry? 6. (a) They loved the teacher 7. None of us have seen aliens. Movies, comics and Science fiction bring them to life. Why don’t you describe an alien of your choice? Give it a name and place of birth and discussion its similarities and differences with humans. AVATAR, serials like 'Star Trek' only to encourage students to think imaginatively and describe an alien). e.g. saw an alien-about three feet tall-tiny eyes like peas, but sparkled brightly-big mouth with pink lips-bald -skin scaly on the arms and legs — born on Mars — would call it ‘Pal' — had limbs which moved like those of humans-had ears as big as those of humans-could walk around and lift things like us — felt thirsty and chewed ice (did not drink water) — felt hungry and ate a mouthful of soil –made a melodious sound as though humming a tune when happy-Many similarities / differences. ………………………………………………………………………..............

UNIT-6 WORK IS WORSHIP Section One - The Kite maker

Answer Orally 1. Have you heard tales of kite festival? If no, then ask your teachers and parents and fell the thrill. Yes, kite flying was a popular sport in ancient India. Kite flying festivals are celebrated in countries like China, Indonesia, and Pakistan and in many other countries even today. Teachers and grandparents may recount that as kids they would compete with friends while flying kites and sometimes the winner would distribute sweets to celebrate victory. 2. Which national festival is associated with kite flying? 'Independence Day' which falls on 15th August is associated with kite flying, especially in Delhi, even today. Kite flying is associated with a sense of competing with each other in a healthy way and it is mainly a celebration of freedom. Read and Answer 1. How had Mehmood spent his youth? Mehmood had been well known as a kite maker, in the prime of his life. He made special kinds of kites for the

Nawab, unlike other kites that had been seen in the district. His dragon kite and musical kite made him very famous. 2. Which sentence/sentences tells/tell us that kite flying was a sport of kings? (a) Nawab himself would come down to the riverside to participate in kite flying. (b) Public launching of special serpent kites was done in the presence of the Nawab. (c) Mehmood presents a musical kite to Nawab who patronized kite makers. 3. Describe the Dragon Kite’s flight into the sky. The 'Dragon Kite' was a unique kite built by Mehmood. A big crowd assembled to watch its first public launch. Initially, it refused to take off. Once it soared up in the air, it pulled fiercely on the twine and Mehmood's young sons had to assist him with the reel. In spite of their efforts the kite pulled, broke loose and flew off to a life of freedom. Think And Answer 1. What did old Mehmood visualize to leave as legacy for little Ali? Did he fulfill this dream? Mehmood visualized that he would make a wonderful new kite for his little grandson Ali and leave it as a legacy. He had finished making a new kite from bamboo paper and thin silk. So, his dream was fulfilled and Ali was only too excited to see it. 2. Why was Ali suddenly afraid? What did he do in fear? Ali enquired if his mother had returned from the bazaar but got no response from Mehmood. He was scared to see his grandfather absolutely silent and still. Probably he was also afraid to hear the unfamiliar soft rubbing sound of marbles when he put his hand on Mehmood's shoulder. Suddenly, he realized that something was terribly wrong with his grandfather as he failed to respond. Ali ran out yelling for his mother for help. 3. What is the significance of the line’s sudden gust of wind caught the torn kite and lifted it into the air, carrying it far above the struggling cigy into the blind blue sky? The line 'A sudden gust of wind..... blind blue sky’ is very significant in the story. It indicates that Mehmood left for his heavenly abode and attained complete freedom. He gave up a life of struggle and strife like the kite that was caught up in the branches of the banyan tree. It also implies that life in the modern day is full of worries and dilemma. Death gives ultimate freedom and peace which blind blue sky signifies. Reference to Context

ENGLISH NOTES, CLASS - 7 Read the following statement and answer the questions that follow. “I will not lose this one,” a) Who said this and to whom? Mehmood's grandson said this to his grandfather. b) What does ‘this one’ refer to? This one refers to the kite the old man had just made of bamboo paper and thin silk and gave to his grandson. c) Why did the seeker say this? The speaker said this because he had just lost a kite when it got stuck in the banyan tree and he didn't want to lose the second one. d) What happens next? After this the little boy went out of the courtyard to fly his kite and the old man went back to his daydreaming. Hots Question Expression like ‘liberated kite would float away, has been used for kites. Why? Expressions like 'liberated kite would float away' or determined to be free' have been used for the kites very effectively. The author tries to convey that flying kites always appear to be struggling against gusty wind. Their ultimate aim appears to be attainment of complete freedom as they try to break loose off their twine. When it is cut off by a rival's kite or gets entangled in branches only to fly off high in blue sky it is truly liberated. ………………………………………………………………………..............

Section-2 Quality Answer Orally 1. Which country do you think, is the story set in? The story is set in England. Read and Answer 1. Read the lesson and decipher what the following mean. a) Id is an ardt. It is an art b) Zome boods are bad from birth. Some boots are bad for birth c) Id ‘urds’ you dere, It hurts you there 2. What happened ‘one day (only once)’when the author went to Mr.Gessler’s shop absentmindedly, wearing boots purchased at some large firm? One day the author went to Mr.Gessler’s shop absentmindedly, wearing boots purchased at some other large firm. The shoe maker immediately noticed and remarked that the shoes had been purchased from some other shop. He pressed his finger on the left boot and pointed out where it must be hurting. Such was his expertise. He also sounded disappointed and regretted

that his customers were being lured by other shoemakers who were commercialized and advertised aggressively. This made things difficult for him. His struggles and hardships made him appear aged. The author could empathize with the old man, understood his problems and ordered many pairs of shoes to ensure that he would remain in business. 3. What is Mr.Gessler’s shop compared to? What does that reveal about his attitude towards work? Mr.Gessler’s shop is compared to a church. The quiet atmosphere in the shop and his complete dedication to work reminded one of a place of worship. For him 'work was worship'. There wasn't much activity or movement in the shop and one could enter quietly, sit in a contemplative mood and wait for Mr.Gessler’s to take the order. The silence in the shop, as in a church, was occasionally broken by the stealthy footsteps of Mr.Gessler’s coming down the wooden staircase. Think and Answer 1. ‘I had left…. a man of sixty; I came back to one of seventy-five, pinched and worn out…’what do these lines signify? 'I had left... worn out.......’ These words signify that within a year Mr.Gessler’s had changed drastically and appeared much older than he actually was. He would get few customers and struggled to keep his business running. A fiercely competitive market added to his woes. All this took a toll on his health. So, he looked weary and aged. 2. What was responsible for Mr.Gessler’s financial condition? Big firms, which made shoes, got more orders because they advertised a lot. They took away work from people like Mr.Gessler’s, whose shoes were hand stitched and took more time to be made. Gradually they took away all the business and these people had very few orders. The little money they earned went into buying leather for their boots. 3. What brought about Mr.Gessler’s end? Why do you think this happened? Mr.Gessler’s end was tragic. He succumbed to the demands of the changing times which affected his business. He lost his customers because after he took an order he would make the shoes himself which was time-taking. Moreover, other shoe makers advertised frequently, took less time to supply the order as they employed more people to produce shoes. Though Mr.Gessler’s shoes were of best quality and fit he incurred losses. He worked with complete dedication and sometimes skipped meals but all that he earned

ENGLISH NOTES, CLASS - 7 was spent in rent and leather. Ultimately, he almost starved to death with nothing left to run his expenses. Reference to Context Read the following statement and answer the questions that follow. “Does big virms ‘have no self-respect.” a) Who said this and to whom? Mr.Gessler’s said this to the author. b) What does ‘big virms’ refer to? Big firms refer to big shoe-making companies. c) Why does the speaker say so? (c) He says so because these big firms make shoes on a large scale, they do not care for the comfort of the wearer, all shoes are made in the same way, not to suit any individual foot. d) What does the above line reveal about the speaker? It reveals that he is a master craftsman who realizes with bitterness that he cannot compete with the big shoe-making firms. He is helpless against the big firms, although they do not make shoes as well as he does. ………………………………………………………………………..............

Section Three - The Greedy Zamindar Answer Orally 1. What trick did Rajnath play on Sarju? What was the result of trick? Rajnath was a village Zamindar and cunning Zamindar who wanted to acquire two acres of fertile land which belonged to Sarju by hook or by crook. Sarju was reluctant to give away his land for two acres offered elsewhere by the Zamindar. So, Rajnath offered him six acres in exchange. But soon Sarju realized that it was barren and infertile. He had been tricked. Sarju was not ready to give up. He dug up two wells, removed boulders and worked hard on the barren piece of land. Soon he got a good harvest. On the other hand the acquired land of the Zamindar yielded no crop after a year. He realized that his fields were not being taken care of and his manager Keshav was only trying to mislead him. Read and Answer 1. What did Rajnath see when he visited the village after one year? When Rajnath visited the village a year later he was in for a surprise. Quite contrary to his expectation there was no crop on land acquired from Keshav. It was a fertile piece of land that had earlier yielded a rich crop but now it didn't have any crop. 2. Who was Rajnath? Why did he wish to have Sarju’s land? Rajnath was a village Zamindar who lived in the city. He wished to have Sarju's land because it was very fertile.

Also, good crops used to grow on Sarju's land as compared to the crops in his own fields. 3. Why did Rajnath give Sarju six acres of barren land? In exchange of Sarju's land Think And Answer 1. What was the actual reason behind Rajnath’s Crop failure? Write in your own words? The land which Rajnath acquired from Sarju did not yield any crop because his manager Keshav had not acted very responsibly. He had not taken care to irrigate the fields or till the land well. Moreover, Rajnath was not present to supervise farming on his land. As a result, there was crop failure which upset the greedy Zamindar. 2. Why do you think Keshav blamed Sarju for casting a spell? Keshav was lazy, irresponsible and cunning. He did not put in enough efforts to see that farming was done well on his master Rajnath's land. In order to save himself and hide his own inefficiency he told the Zamindar that there was a crop failure because Sarju had cast a spell as he knew some black magic. Reference to Context Read the following statement and answer the questions that follow. “Not even if I wanted to buy it.” a) Who said this and to whom? Rajnath, the Zamindar said this to Sarju. b) What does ‘it’ refer to? (b) 'It is the land which Sarju owned. c) When and where were these words said? These words were said at the house of the Zamindar when Sarju had been sent for, by the Zamindar d) What happens next? At first Sarju refuses to sell his land but when the Zamindar forces him and offers him six acres of land instead of the two acres he owned, he agrees. Hots Question One can handle situations well if one’s attitude is correct. In the light of this statement, analyze the characters of Rajnath and Sarju. Attitude can make our man our life. Rajnath's attitude towards life was very different from that of Sarju. He owned land in the village but lived in the city, leaving all in the hands of his inefficient manager Keshav. Sarju on the other hand was very hard-working. He did not worry that Rajnath had given him barren land full of boulders. He told Rajnath that his crop had failed because Keshav had not acted very responsibly. Rajnath believed the story of black magic because he wanted to blame Sarju.

ENGLISH NOTES, CLASS - 7 ………………………………………………………………………..............

Section Four – The Village Blacksmith A Little More Of the Poem

1. How is the village blacksmith described in the opening lines? Ans- (d) 2. ‘His brow……owes not any man.’ (Stanza) 2) What do these lines mean? Ans- (d)

3. ‘Week in ……beat and slow.’(Stanza 3)

Ans- (d)

4. Point out the three lines that follow the rhyming

scheme typical of a ballad. Ans-(b) 5. Why does the village blacksmith wipe a tear from his eyes? Ans-(b) 6. ‘And Children…..roar.’(Stanza 4) Who are these children? These are school-going village children on their way back from school. 7. ‘He hears……his eyes.’(Stanza 5 and 6) What is the poet trying to portray to portray in these lines? The poet has portrayed the feelings and emotions of the village smith very beautifully in these lines. He was attached to his family and especially his wife who had passed away. When he heard his daughter sing in the choir he was reminded of his wife's melodious voice. It seemed to him that she was singing from up above in the heavens. He truly missed her and shed a tear in her memory. The family appears to be religious as they visited the Church every Sunday, heard the parson pray and participated in activities there. The words with ‘his.... of his eyes' indicate that though he was a tough and strong man his heart was soft. The feelings of happiness at his daughter's performance and a deep sense of loss and sorrow are simultaneously portrayed in these lines. 8. Describe the character of the village blacksmith. Build upon the contrasting ideas-physically strong and emotionally soft. What does the poet wish to convey through this? The village smith was a laborious man and very focused. He worked From morn till night with complete concentration and was not distracted by anything. He was dedicated to his work and was honest too. At the end of the day he felt a deep sense of satisfaction which shows he was contented in his world. He was also a perfectionist as he did 'swing his heavy sledge with measured beat. Though he was physically strong and tough he was tender – hearted with feelings and great love for his

wife and family. He shed a tear in her memory and felt happy to hear his daughter perform. It reflects his attachment to his family. ………………………………………………………………………..............

UNIT-7 PEACE Section-One: The Master of Tea Ceremony

Answer Orally 1. Who is a tea-master? What is his job? A tea-master is a person who is proficient in the art of making tea. Tea ceremony is a traditional way of preparing and serving tea in Japan. The tea-master uses special ingredients and utensils like the tea, the water, the whisk, the clay vessel, the brazier. After he prepares tea he serves it to all those who are attending the ceremony. 2. Who was the Ronin? The Ronin was a freelance mercenary, who roamed the country side, sometimes, serving an honest cause but more usually making trouble for law abiding citizens. Read and Answer 1. Where did the Japanese tea-master practice his art? The Japanese tea-master practiced his art in the palace of Lord Tosa in Japan. 2. How did the tea-master prepare himself for the fight? The tea-master went to the academy of sword-fighting in Yeddo and told the sword-master that a Ronin had challenged him to face him in a combat. The sword-master asked him to prepare tea and observed the tea-master throughout. He advised the tea-master to remain calm when he confronted the Ronin. As directed by the sword-master he greeted his opponent politely, thanked him for waiting. He held the sword by its hilt above his head, closed his eyes and waited for the battle cry so that he could bring down the sword with all his strength.

2. 2. What kind of treatment did the tea-master give to the Ronin while facing him for a fight? The tea-master treated the Ronin with utmost respect and as a well-loved friend. He greeted him and thanked him for waiting as though he was conversing with a friend and not an enemy. Think And Answer 1. Why did the Ronin lose all his nerve? The Ronin was initially furious and agitated. He eagerly waited to attack the tea-master whom he had challenged. When the tea-master appeared calm, greeted him like a friend the Ronin was taken aback. He did not expect such a friendly approach by his opponent. He was caught unawares and did not know how to attack a man who stood peacefully, eyes closed,

ENGLISH NOTES, CLASS - 7 sword held firmly above his head, waiting to lay down his life. He was scared and gave up before the fight began. 2. “I see now that you are already a great master. I have nothing further to teach you… “Why did the sword-master say this? The tea master went to the sword master to learn the art of sword fighting. The sword master told him to first show his art as a tea master. The tea master assembled all that he needed for the ceremony. Then he prepared himself and when all was ready, peacefully he served tea to the sword master. On seeing this entire sword master said the above lines. 3. What lesson can be learnt from the advice the sword master gave to the tea-master? The lesson that can be learnt from his advice is that if we are skilled in one art we can easily acquire any other art. Every art requires step by step preparation and keeping one's mind peaceful and calm. Those are the basic requirements of any skilled master. Reference to Context Read the following statement and answer the questions that follow. “Before I teach you my art, would you be so kind as to show me yours?” a) Who said this and to whom? The sword master said this to the tea master. b) What was the ‘art’? The speaker was a sword master at the sword fighting academy. c) Did the listener learn the ‘art’? No, the listener did not need to learn the art. d) What happens next? The tea master makes preparation for the tea ceremony and skillfully and calmly serves tea to the sword master. Hots Question Do you think non-violence is a sign of cowardice? Why not? Give examples from history. Most students may support the view that non-violence is not a sign of cowardice but inner strength and calm. The teacher can suggest names of Mahatma Gandhi and Nelson Mandela who always walked the path of non-violence to fight the British rulers and ultimately led their countries to freedom. Some students may state that non-violence is a sign of cowardice in some cases. The teacher can discuss and justify that soldiers guarding our borders have to retaliate when enemies attack our country. People of any nation have to be protected from enemy country and in such

circumstances soldiers have to resort to violence because it is their foremost duty to protect their nation. ………………………………………………………………………..............

Section Two: The Blessing Answer Orally 1. Do you think, ‘The Blessing’ is an appropriate title for the story? Yes, ‘The Blessing' is an appropriate title for the story. 2. What pays in the end-friendship or enmity? Give reasons for your choice. . Friendship pays in the end because the people of Janakipatna and Sibpur would be able to live peacefully and lead a more prosperous life. Money that was ill-spent on wars could be used to provide facilities for the people and they would enjoy delicious fruits of Batika. When Amrit and Gobind resolved their differences and became friendly at the behest of Gurudeb - a friend of Narayan and Hari — it would result in welfare growth and prosperity for all. Read and Answer 1. Which of the following statements are true? (b), (d) 2. What was special about Batika? The garden ‘Batika' was special because fruits of every kind grew in the garden all the year round. Even seasonal fruits like mangoes, litchis, grapes, peaches, pears, apples, watermelons, guavas grew in abundance all through the year. 3. Which incident prompted Gobind and Amrit to live together peacefully once again? Gurudeb tried to mediate between Gobind and Amrit and explained that war is always futile. People of both the kingdoms were fed up of the conflict. He narrated an incident. A child in Sibpur innocently asked his father what a fruit looked like and what a mango actually was. The father regretted that as a child he could relish all kinds of fruits brought by his father but his son was deprived of all that Gobind and Amrit realized that because of their enmity the people suffered, Batika no longer produced fruits and even the future generations would keep on suffering and be deprived. Think And Answer 1. What did Amrit and Gobind decide to rename Batika and why? Amrit and Gobind decided to rename 'Batika' as ‘Shanti'. They thought that the word implied everlasting peace that was important for both the kingdoms. The garden was a legacy and to be regarded as a true blessing from their ancestors, which could be passed on to many other generations to come.

ENGLISH NOTES, CLASS - 7 2. Do you feel that conflict over Batika was fruitless? Why? Give reasons to support your answer. The conflict over Batika was fruitless. The garden deteriorated and the trees stopped bearing fruits. Lives were lost in wars and money spent to sustain the war could not be used for welfare of the people who became poorer day by day. Moreover, the people were deprived of fruits and the children had never seen fruits, leave alone relished the taste. 3. What was the cause of the king’s attitude? What happened when they came to know what their subjects and families waned? Both the kings thought that if they made an attempt at peace, their people would think that they were cowards. They felt would accuse them of hurting their pride and self-respect. After they came to know what their subjects wanted, they stopped fighting. Reference to Context Read the following statement and answer the questions that follow. “What will you call it then?” a) Who said this and to whom? Gurudeb said this to Amrit and Gobind. b) What does ‘it’ refer to? ‘It’ refers to the Batika. c) When and why did the speaker say this? The speaker said this when both Amrit and Gobind came to him and asked his forgiveness. They said that both the kingdoms would nurture and expand the Batika and its fruits will be distributed in both the kingdoms. d) What happens next? Next, they tell Gurudeb that they will call it shanti and regard it as a blessing. ………………………………………………………………………..............

Section Three: The Sadako Story Answer Orally 1. When was Hiroshima bombarded? Hiroshima was bombarded on 6th August, 1945. 2. What message does Sadoko’s story give us? Sadoko’s story gives a strong message that 'Peace is the only solution' and war is always associated with destruction, loss of life and misery. Atomic weapons are devastating and cause life-threatening diseases for generations to come. Read and Answer 1. Describe the inaugural ceremony of Children’s Monument. When the 'Children's Monument built in memory of Sadako was inaugurated it was attended by people in large numbers including children from Sadako's class

and others from 3,100 schools who had helped to make the monument a reality. Three students including Sadako's younger brother Eiji Sasaki pulled the red and white tape off the statue to symbolize its completion while Beethoven's Seventh Symphony was played. The little bell, contributed by Dr. Yukawa inscribed with 'A Thousand Paper Games' on the front 'Peace on Earth and in Heaven' on the back rang out loud. It was heard as far as the A bomb Dome and the Memorial Cenotaph too. 2. What do people who send paper cranes from all over the world, wish for? People who send paper cranes from all over the world wish for world peace. They express their solidarity with Sadako and all those who are against war and believe in peace. Think And Answer 1. Why did Sadako continue with the hard task of folding cranes even in an advanced states of the disease? Sadako continued the hard task of folding cranes even in advanced stage. She had the belief that the cranes will help her to cure the disease. 2. Why do children from all over the world send paper cranes to be placed beneath Sadako’s statue? Paper cranes were synonymous of people. Even children knew the value of peace all over the world and the effects of war. So, they sent paper cranes to be placed beneath Sadako’s statue. Reference to Context Read the following statement and answer the questions that follow. ‘Peace crane, I will write peace on your wings and you will fly all over the world.’ a) With whom is this statement associated? Sadako statue base had this inscription. b) What is the age of the person with whom the sentence is associated? 12 years c) What does the above sentence mean? It means that the children want that there should be no war, but peace should spread all over the world. d) What do you infer about the person from these words? The speaker is peace loving and a very gentle hearted person. Hots Question What are your views on the statement-Survival of the fittest? Where does ‘peace’ stand in a word that believes in survival of the Fittest? Discuss in class.

ENGLISH NOTES, CLASS - 7 Survival of the fittest means that only the very strong, powerful and mighty can survive in this world. Even in the jungle, animals like the lion and tiger survive while helpless animals like the deer, perish. In this world of cunning and warfare, where nations are increasing their military power and often attacking smaller weaker nations-peace has very little chance of survival. ………………………………………………………………………..............

Section Four: The Peace Poem A Little More of the Poem 1. What do the children wish to do? Ans-(e) 2. How do children plant to stitch a dress for peace? Ans-(a) 3.’Peace must begin with you and me!’ 3. Peace should begin with you and me is a precious thought. It teaches us that we should not indulge in conflict or confrontation. Peace can be ushered in if each one of us is involved and we do our bit. We should learn to understand, accept and respect each other irrespective of race, culture, colour, caste, religion or economic background. This deep understanding will enable us to love others and not be swayed by any feeling of hatred or provocation. 4. Why do the children want? (a) Peace to be scattered? Children want peace to be scattered because they believe that it should not be restricted to some countries. People of all nations should live in peace and benefit from it as it can bring in development in all fields, prosperity, and better education. It will foster love and understanding among all nations. (b) No fight about colour? Children want no fight about colour' because the world is often torn due to slavery, 'apartheid' (discrimination based on colour). Even after independence people in many countries are not treated with equality or respect due to colour of their skin. Children want us to realize that we should live like brothers and sisters. Equal opportunity and growth is the right of every human being no matter what the colour'. 5. Organize a small write up using the following five words to express your ideas on peace. Future, happiness, life, love, create. Present day scenario - strife and war in the Middle-east, Afghanistan, Libya etc. - future in gain – happiness can prevail if we love, accept, respect others -loss of life can be prevented -should create an atmosphere of trust-peace will prevail. 6. How is peace associated with love?

Yes, I think the title of the poem is appropriate. The title comprises just three words but they sum up the entire men age of place beautiful. 7. Do you think the title of the poem is appropriate? Why/Why not? Yes, I think the title of the poem is appropriate. The title comprises just three words but they sum up the wishes of entire world. 8. What can happen when we do not have peace? When we do not have peace men will be killed mercilessly for any insignificant reason. Children will be orphaned, many women will become widows, industries and infrastructure will be destroyed, poverty will reign, men will become barbaric. There will be suffering and misery all around. If nations use nuclear power to destroy each other than entire mankind may be wiped out from the face of the earth. ………………………………………………………………………..............

UNIT-8 Conservation and Protection Section One: The Cricket Match

Answer Orally 1. Have you ever watched a live cricket match? How do you feel to be a part of the cheering crowd? Yes, watching a live cricket match is a thrilling experience as one gets too involved. It is fun to support a team and encourage them by cheering along with the crowd in the stadium. 2. Who is your favorite cricket Player and why? Sachin Tendulkar- complete dedication to the game and team focused on the game-practices sincerely and regularly-has broken many world records-international acclaim-respected by cricketers in India and abroad. Read and Answer 1. a) What happened to Ashok as he practiced for the match? As Ashok practiced for the match he felt uncomfortable, could not connect bat and ball. His eyes also became red, started watering and began irritating him. b) What did his mother suspect? Ashok's mother thought that Ashok had hurt his eyes while playing and his eyes had become red. 2. a) How did Mr. Pradhan respond to the team’s problem? Mr. Pradhan listened to the problems of the Raja's XI team members. He was concerned about their health and fitness. He agreed that pollution from the factory had to be controlled as soon as possible. b) What long term actions did he promise to take? Mr. Pradhan, the chairman of the factory promised to take remedial action to control pollution from the

ENGLISH NOTES, CLASS - 7 factory. He said that he would ensure that filters were installed and trees were planted at the earliest. c) What immediate action was suggested by Ashok? Ashok suggested that the factory could be shut down for two days so that the match could be played as per the schedule. Think And Answer 1. What do you learn from Ashok’s character? Ashok was the captain of Raja's XI team. He was dedicated and sincere. We can all learn much from him and imbibe his good qualities. When Sunil was unable to bat well he asked him to focus on the game and took up batting. He was determined, had strong will power and was a good communicator as he went to the doctor for treatment and went to Mr. Pradhan with team mates. He was focused and practical in his approach as he convinced Mr. Pradhan to close the factory for two days for the match as immediate solution to the problem. He was indeed a successful and efficient leader. We should also imbibe all these positive attributes. 2. Mr. Pradhan was very approachable and positive in the story. Discuss with reference to the fact that he kept the factory closed for two days. Mr. Pradhan comes across as an approachable and positive person. He agreed that pollution from the factory caused sickness for the players. He assured that he would take necessary steps, get filters installed, trees planted so that the air would be fresh and clean. He also decided to close down the factory for two days on Ashok's request. This shows that he was co-operative and a man of action. 3. In the story, the children behaved in a mature manner. Discuss how this helps to find solution. When we behave in a mature manner, we can think clearly and get solutions. If we get agitated or panic, we cannot think straight. Due to such things, we often end up doing what we should not do. Mature handling of a situation gives the best solutions. Reference to Context Read the following statement and answer the questions that follow. “I feel really bad, especially when we have come this far…” a) Who said this and to whom? Ashok said this to his team of players. b) Why did the speaker feel bad? The speaker felt bad that because of an allergy in his eyes, his doctor had asked him to stay indoors for a few days and he couldn't play the cricket match.

c) When and where were these words said? These words were said when the boys visited Ashok at his home. d) What happens next? Next, they decide to meet Mr. Pradhan, the Chairman of the factory. Hot’s Question “Successful leaders can never be defeated by problems. They become masters of the situation and defeat problems,” says Dr. Abdul Kalam. Do you agree with his views in the light of the story? Successful leaders..... Defeats the problem are valuable words by Dr. Abdul Kalam, which are effectively reflected in the story. Ashok developed eye problem - Raja got incessant cough - Sunil felt exhausted - could not practice - was disheartened - consulted a doctor - all members went to meet Mr. Pradhan - explained the situation – suggested that factory be closed - match could be played as per schedule - Mr. Pradhan convinced - shows Ashok's leadership qualities to lead, decide -members together overcame problem – played and won the match-not defeated by problems but defeated them to attain victory. ………………………………………………………………………..............

Section Two: Jim Corbett Answer Orally 1. Narrate an incident of ‘unrestrained slaughter for the crude pleasure of it’ from the extract. Day Jim Corbett was out with three military officers in one of the lake and river areas of North India. They saw a large batch of waterfowl. The officers began shooting mercilessly till they had killed 300 of them. It was a large scale slaughter that shook Corbett's conscience. 2. What do you understand by’ jungle telegraph’? Jim Corbett would lecture children of various schools on his favorite subject, ‘the jungle telegraph'. He would announce the arrival of a tiger and imitate sounds made by various animals of the jungle to arouse the interest of children. He would modulate his voice to explain how animals reacted when the tiger was sleeping or on the prowl. He was very good at imitation of animal cries and the children just loved to hear that. Read and Answer 1. What exactly turned Corbett into a naturalist? Write your answer in brief. Jim Corbett was fond of hunting but later turned into a naturalist. One day three military officers accompanying him fired at a batch of waterfowl and killed 300 of them. He had shut his eyes but when he saw such uninhibited and merciless shooting just for

ENGLISH NOTES, CLASS - 7 the sake of pleasure he was shaken up. He had a change of heart and decided to work for the preservation of wild life rather than harm them. 2. How would Jim lecture on his favorite subject? Jim would often lecture school children on his favorite subject, the jungle telegraph. He would announce the arrival of a tiger and imitate sounds made by various birds and animals like the jungle babbler, peafowl, langur, chital, sambar, the deer tribe and many others. He would modulate his voice to indicate how animals changed their call when the tiger was sleeping, stalking or under cover. Finally, he would first growl like a tiger softly and later loudly. The children would be spellbound while listening to all that and enjoyed thoroughly. 3. What does Corbett’s attitude towards wildlife reveal about his character? It reveals that he was a lover of nature and wildlife. He was concerned about the fate of tigers and their habitat. When no one was thinking about it he was thinking of the preservation of wildlife and ecological matters. He was the pioneer in establishing wildlife sanctuaries. Think And Answer 1. Corbett was pioneer when it came to preservation of wildlife. Is it true? Why? . It is true that Jim Corbett was the pioneer in preservation of wild life. Shikar was popular among men but he later spoke against hunting of animals. He wrote articles and books, would lecture children, made documentaries, interacted with locals to help them realized that wild life had to be preserved otherwise tiger and many other animals would soon become extinct. 2. “Catch them young.” They say. How did Corbett do his bit to influence the young minds to make them understand the theory of ‘live and let live’? Young children have impressionable minds and can be moulded in the right way, Jim Corbett often visited schools, interacted with students and lectured them about wild life preservation. He would show documentaries, mimic animals to enable students realize the beauty of wild life and the need to protect it. He wanted them to realize that we should let animals live. They found his lectures interesting and informative. 3. “…. All sportsmen, no matter whether their point of view has been a platform on a tree, the back of an elephant or their own feet, will agree with me…….. “What does the author mean? (a) Hunters who sit on a platform on trees

(b) Hunters who go for royal Shikar or killing spree sitting on elephants. (c) Hunters on feet Reference to Context Read the following statement and answer the questions that follow. “That sickened me and opened my eyes….” a) Who said this? Jim Corbett said this. b) What does that ‘refers to? 'That’ refers to the mindless killing of a large batch of waterfowl by three military officers; about 300 of them were killed. c) How did ‘That’ open the speaker’s eyes? He realized what ordinary uninhibited hunting and shooting meant. He decided that he would shoot in a different way now. d) What is the significance of the statement? The significance is that after this he changed from a hunter of wildlife to a photographer of wildlife. He realized that photography required more skill and gave him a greater thrill. ………………………………………………………………………..............

Section three: Who Dares to Cut Trees? Answer Orally 1. In which state of modern India is the story set? It is set in the state of Rajasthan. 2. Who are the Bishnois? Bishnois is a sect funded in 1542 by Jambhoji. 29 principles for the protection of herbivores and trees were formulated by him. That is why they are called Bishnois. They are traditional protectors of khejri trees and black bucks. Read and Answer 1. Why did the Bishnois watch the felling of the green Khejri helplessly? The Bishnois watched the felling of the green khejri helplessly because the order to cut down the trees was given by the Maharaja and Girdharidas Bhandari, a senior officer of Jodhpur state, who carried out the order added that, anyone trying to obstruct the felling would be severely punished. 2. How did Amrita Devi oppose felling of the Khejri? How did the officer respond to her opposition? She clung to the tree that was being axed and passionately exclaimed to the woodcutters that if they had to cut the tree they had to cut her first. The officer ordered the woodcutters to cut off her head. 3. What was the result of the sacrifices made by the Bishnois?

ENGLISH NOTES, CLASS - 7 The Maharaja of Jodhpur realized his mistake. He apologized and issued a royal decree, engraved on a copper plate, prohibiting the cutting of trees in any Bishnois village in Jodhpur state and prohibiting the hunting of all wild animals in any Bishnois village in Jodhpur state. 4. How did the Bishnois Community get its name? The Bishnois sect was founded in 1542 by Janmeswarji. He formulated twenty nine principles for the protection of herbivores and trees. That is how the community got its name Bishnois'. Think And Answer 1. ‘The sacrifice made by Amrita Devi exhorts people to live in harmony with nature.’ Justify. When Amrita Devi was mercilessly axed along with the trees, inspired by her sacrifice, her three daughters also did the same. Soon, one after another, 363 Bishnois gave up their lives for the same cause. This made the ruler of Jodhpur immediately stop the massacres. He also issued a decree banning the cutting of trees and hunting of animals. Thus, Amrita Devi's sacrifice exhorted people to live in harmony with nature. 2. Why was the Khejri tree Jambhoji’s favorite tree? The 'khejri' tree was Jambhoji’s favorite tree because it remains green throughout the year. Its roots go as deep as 400km in search of water and increase the fertility of the soil. Its dry leaves provide excellent fodder for cattle. Its wood is used as fuel by villagers and its green pods are eaten as vegetables. The edible gum and wood that the tree yields can be used for constructing houses and making agricultural equipment’s. 3. How can we say that Jambhoji understood the importance of preserving the biodiversity? Bio-diversity means the co-existence of different kinds of animals and plants which make a balanced environment. Jambhoji understood the importance of preserving the biodiversity. This can be understood from the fact that apart from the 'khejri' tree, he also stressed on saving the animals chin Kara and blackbuck. He knew that though the animals were herbivores, they were not a threat to the crops. He encouraged the Bishnois to grow bajra as their main crop because these antelopes did not eat bajra as its young shoot contains some toxic element. Also, the plant grows to a height of three feet and this obstructs the animal's visibility. So, they prefer to keep away from it and stay in areas where they can watch their predator approaching. Reference to Context Read the following statement and answer the questions that follow. “Who dares to cut trees in a Bishnois village?”

a) Who said these words and when? Amrita Devi said this when she heard a strange sound as if someone was cutting a tree b) Where is Bishnois Village located? It is located near Jodhpur. c) How did the speaker react to the felling of trees? She clung to the tree that was being axed and told them to cut her body before cutting the tree. d) When did the incident take place? The incident took place on a warm and sunny morning in September, 1737. Hot’s Question Jambhoji knew about the importance of preserving the biodiversity without any formal education. Do you think sensitivity towards environmental issue comes only from education? Why/ Why not? One does not need to be educated to realize the importance of preserving nature. From times, immemorial people have lived in harmony with nature and animals have been domesticated. They were not educated but realized the importance of nature in their lives. So, education does not alone bring sensitivity towards environmental issues. ………………………………………………………………………..............

Section Four: Solar Flare A Little of the Poem

1. “I was the hero” (a) How was the sun a hero? The sun was a hero because its rays were filtered through the blanket of atmosphere which was intact. Because of this, the sun was always welcomed and all energy and life on earth was because of it. He was the earthling's hero. (b) Do you think it had lost his status? Why? It has lost its status now because people blame it for the climate change, global warming, etc. 2. Which words from the first stanza show or exhibit anger of the sun? Both (a) and (b) 3. The movement of earth around the sun causes: Both (a) and (b) 4. What is the main complaint of the sun in stanza 5? The sun complains that climate change has caused global warming and soon when life will stop to exist on earth he will not be able to shine on all the creatures. 5. When can we, according to you, see a smiling sun? We can see a smiling sun when it is not cloudy, the sky is clear, there is no pollution in the air and it is pleasant. 6. Do you think humans have exploited the earth more for greed than need?

ENGLISH NOTES, CLASS - 7 It is true that humans have exploited the earth more for greed than need. All the resources are being exploited and soon air, water, soil will be so polluted that life will cease to exist. Due to industrialization and modernization natural resources have depleted and we have polluted our rivers, lakes, oceans, air beyond control. Trees have been cut down in large numbers which further adds to the problem. 7. What is your solution to this problem? We should use environment-friendly products, consume organically grown food products, control pollution, and avoid use of polythene bags. We should plant sapling on birthdays and volunteer to grow more trees in our locality. ………………………………………………………………………..............