english - southamericanuniversity.org · write the phrases from the box under the category in the...

Unit 2My hoMetown

ENGLISH

Objectives: At the end of the unit you will be able to:

Comprehend language related to tourist attractions, festivals, local and regional food, and national and local history both in spoken and written discourse.

Generate oral and written discourse by using the acquired vocabulary and structures in order to convey information on tourist attractions, festivals, local and regional food, and national and local history to concurrently promote cultural identity.

192 english - ninth Grade

Throughout the lessons in this unit you will have the opportunity to learn about El Salvador’s tourist attractions, such as the beaches and volcanoes, relevant historical events and cultural festivals. You will also talk about outdoor activities and local and regional foods.

The unit 2 project is entitled “An important place in my country”. In this project you will do some background research in order to write a report about the city or town of your choice. The completed report can include topics such as regional characteristics, tourist attractions, festivals, special foods and historical events. It is recommended that you choose a place that is meaningful to you or that you consider very important. Alternatively, you may wish to choose some place new that you know nothing about!

Unit guidelines

Introduction: Hands on!

Grammar Vocabulary

Pronunciation

ListeningSpeakingReading Writing

Lesson 1

Tourist attractions

Lesson 2

Festivities

Lesson 3

Local and regional food

Lesson 4

Historical events

Lesson 5

Historical treasures

Unit 2

My hometown

ninth Grade - english 193

Unit Two Lesson 1what’s san salvador like?

Getting started!

¿Te gustaría saber sobre los lugares turísticos de tu país?

¿Cuáles son las fiestas más importantes del país?

¿Tienes idea sobre cuales son las comidas típicas de El Salvador y cómo se preparan?

¿Cuáles son las razones por las cuales vienen muchos turistas a El Salvador?

Achievement indicators I can identify main ideas and key information on national and local

tourist attractions and festivals from radio or TV commercials. I can ask for and give information on national and local tourist

attractions to classmates, fellow citizens and foreigners.

Answer the following questions about the previous conversation.

1. Where’s Juan from?2. Is Jane excited about her trip to El Salvador? 3. Is Juan happy to know that Jane is going to El Salvador?4. What does he recommend for her to eat?5. What does he recommend for her to drink?

Conversation and more Listen to and read the following conversation. Look up any new words in a dictionary.

A: Hi, Juan. I know you’re Salvadoran, and I have plans to visit your country on vacation. Which are the major tourist attractions there?

B: Hi, Jane! It’s nice to see you, and it’s great to know that you are visiting my country. The first thing you have to do is go to the beach and get a sun tan. Go to El Cuco or El Tamarindo. They’re the best beaches!

A: What about the food at beach restaurants? Is it good? Is it safe to eat there?

B: The fried fish stuffed with shrimp is delicious. You have to try it. Don’t forget to drink some coconut water. I know you’ll love it.

A: Wow! With all your suggestions, I want to be there now. Thank you!

I can write short paragraphs, brochures and flyers containing general and specific information on national and local tourist attractions, festivals and local/regional foods.

Activity 1

UNIT 2


Enrich your vocabularyPeople visit El Salvador for many reasons. Look at and analyze the pie chart about tourism in El Salvador. What are some examples of each category from the chart? Write the phrases from the box under the category in the table

in which they belong.

Glossary: Graph: to organize information for a clear presentation. Percentage: part of a whole.

Answer the questions using the pie chart above.

1. What is the pie chart about?2. Which category has the highest percentage?3. Which category has the second highest percentage?

Words Meanings

1 category A a part of a whole expressed in hundredths.

2 graph Ban intensive educational program or training usually given to small groups of people over a short period of time which focuses on skills and techniques in a particular field.

3 percentage C A division within a system of classification.

4 workshop D To be properly classified.

5 belong E a diagram that represents a variable in comparison with one or more other variables.

Match the following words on the left with their meanings on the right.

to have fun to buy merchandise to rest

to make business

to close a contract to get clients

to try new things

to coordinate seminars

to give conferences

to organize workshops

to see a new place

to meet new people

1. Vacation 2. Business visits 3. Professional visits

to rest to get clients to organize workshops

Graphs are used to present statistics more clearly. The percentages used must add up to a total of 100%. Each category used in the graph makes a part of the whole.The information in the previous graph can be read like this: 37% of the tourists say the reason they come to El Salvador is for visiting relatives and friends.

What for?Activity 2

Activity 4

Activity 3

Category: a group of items which are very similar to each other but different than other items of a different group.

Other8%

Vacation29%

Business/profesional

visits26%

Visiting relatives &friends37%

UNIT 2


Time to readRead the following passage about tourist attractions in El Salvador. Look up any new words in a dictionary.

Come, explore and see the many things that El Salvador has to offer. El Salvador has eco, adventure, and alternative tourism for those who want to discover the real El Salvador and its people. It’s filled with beaches, volcanoes, lakes and mountains. There are colonial towns, big cities, mountain villages as well as small, rural communities that provide a variety of scenery. Visit rural development projects around the country, volunteer, donate or just spread the word.

Traveling in El Salvador, like in most Latin American countries, is very affordable. If you prefer nice hotels and beach resorts, they are available at a fraction of the cost you might expect to pay in more popular places. Plan your vacation to El Salvador and explore the beaches, mountains, cities and towns, and rural areas of this small and scenic country.

Find the definitions for the following phrases in a dictionary or on the Internet.

1. Eco tourism2. Adventure tourism3. Alternative tourism

Answer the questions with information from the reading above.

1. What does the writer offer to the tourists in this reading?2. Do you think the writer is right when he says that

traveling in El Salvador is affordable?3. Which are your favorite places in the country?

Answer the following questions with your own information.

1. Which lake have you visited?2. Which volcano would you like to climb?3. Which beach resorts have you been to?4. Which cities would you like to visit?5. Where are you going to go on the next vacation?

Activity 5

What’s a good way to start the project? Start by deciding which department, city, or town you want to learn more about. Also, think about the reasons why you want to learn about that place. Once you have decided, start collecting written and oral information about it. Ask your friends, neighbors and relatives if they know anything about the place. Try to organize the information very well because it will help you when you are ready to start writing the report.

Hands on! 2A

Activity 7

Activity 6

UNIT 2


Language in useThe simple present tense is used to describe:General facts or facts that are always true: Wood floats on water.Daily routines and habits: I arrive to school on time.Permanent situations: I work the morning shift. I live with my parents.Feelings: I hate staying up late. She doesn’t feel well.

A. Affirmative statements

Glossary: Voiced sounds: are those uttered with vocal chords vibration such as /b/, /g/, /l/, /m/, /n/, /z/, /r/, etc.

Examples:1. My father gets up at 7:30 everyday.2. Mike goes to the beach very often.3. It rains a lot in September in El Salvador.4. El Salvador has beautiful beaches.5. They eat tamales every weekend.

B. Negative statements

i swim. he swims. we swim.

you swim. she swims. they swim.

it swims.

Examples:1. I don’t live in San Vicente.2. Carlos doesn’t study for the exams.3. This city doesn’t have big parks.4. Bob doesn’t like chocolate.5. We don’t have a week off in January.

i don’t swim. he doesn’t swims.

we don’t swim.

you don’t swim. she doesn’t swims.

they don’t swim.

it doesn’t swims.

do i swim? does he swim? do we swim?

do you swim? does she swim? do they swim?

does the dog swim?

Yes / No questions can be answered with short answers. Study the examples.

Examples:1. Do you go to the beach on vacations?

Yes, I do./ No, I don’t.2. Does your sister like typical food?

Yes, she does./ No, she doesn’t.3. Do we have to cook today?

Yes, we do./ No, we don’t.4. Does Mary live in Cuscatlán?

Yes, she does./ No, she doesn’t.5. Do the children go to school?

Yes, they do./ No, they don’t.

C. Interrogative form

Voiceless sounds: are those uttered with no vibration of the vocal chords such as /p/, /t/, /k/, /s/, etc.

When using the simple present tense, add an -s or -es to the main verb when the subject is he, she or it. Read the explanation on page 62.

Don’t forget!

UNIT 2


Enrich your vocabularyLook at the pictures below. Have you visited any of these places?

Match the vocabulary with the pictures below.

1. volcanic rocks2. natural pool3. huge rocks4. edge of a deep precipice5. summit

Listen to the description of three beautiful places in El Salvador and fill in the blanks with the words given in the following box. Then write the names of the places next to each description.

church flags sea summit

picturesque rocks volcanic site

doorway valley refreshing monument

Name of the place: Description 1

It’s a series of large, __ natural pools , fed by clear spring water from overhanging __ cliffs. This __ is a favorite day trip for people from San Salvador as well as visitors.

B. C.

E.

Activity 8Name of the place:Description 2

Two huge __ on the edge of a deep precipice frame the view of the __ lying far below. The Devil’s __ is approximately 1km south of Balboa Park on the __ of Chulo Hill, 1,000 meters above __ level.

Name of the place:Description 3

According to historians, its name in the Nahuat language means “site of __ and shields”. The village site is located in a __ geological depression and archaeological findings indicate that it was an important area during pre-Colombian times. There is an interesting colonial __ there that dates from 1725 and has been classified a national historical __.

A.D.

Activity 9

UNIT 2


Language in useSimple present tense

A. Spelling rules for verbs in the third person singular: An “-s or -es” is added to the verb in the affirmative sentences of the third person singular (he, she, it). The negative and the interrogative form use the auxiliaries do and does instead. Study the following rules.

Rules Verb in the base form Third person singular

1 regular verbs add -s to the end of the base form.eatplay

eatsplays

2 when a verb ends in -y preceded by a consonant, change the -y to -i and add -es to its base form.

studycarry

studiescarries

3 when a verb ends in -o, add -es to its base form.dogo

doesgoes

4 when a verb ends in -ch, -s, -sh, -x or -z (known as sibilant sounds), add -es to its base form.

watchpushbox

watchespushesboxes

Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verbs given below.

1. Carlos __ with his wife. I __ with my parents. (live)

2. My aunt __ soap operas. My uncle and his son __ the news. (watch)

3. Nelson __ dogs. I __ cats and birds. (love)

4. I __ poems. He __ short stories. (write)

5. I __ my parents every weekend, but my sister __ them every two months. (visit)

Put the following verbs given in the third person in the correct category according to the correct spelling rule.

teaches goes does fixes

makes exercises smiles kisses

races eats touches writes

sends receives loves studies

Rule 1 Rule 2 Rule 3 Rule 4goes teaches

B. Pronunciation rules for verbs in the third person singular. Study the following table.

Rules -(e)s Pronunciation Examples

when a verb ends in a voiceless sound; such as walk or stop, the –s is pronounced as /s/ walks, coughs, asks, stops

when a verb ends in a voiced sound; such as hang or rob, the –s is pronounced as /z/ robs, calls, hangs, comes, learns

when a verb ends in a sibilant sound; such as, miss or teach, the –s is pronounced as /iz/ misses, wishes, teaches, buzzes

Activity 11Activity 10

UNIT 2


En esta lección has aprendido sobre algunas de las atracciones turísticas de tu país, has leído sobre comidas típicas, has interpretado una gráfica sobre las razones por las cuales los turistas visitan El Salvador; conjuntamente has aprendido a utilizar el presente simple de los verbos en inglés.

Lesson core

Answer the following questions with your own information. Follow the examples below.

Examples:Do you practice any sport? Yes, I do. I play basketball.Do you go out with your friends frequently? No, we don’t. We go out once a month.Does your English teacher play any sports with you? No, he doesn’t. He prefers working.

1. Do you know any of the beaches in your country?

2. Does your English teacher speak French?3. Do your classmates do their homework assignments?4. Do you study before going to school?5. Does your aunt live in your neighborhood?

Fill in the blanks to the following statements with the verbs provided in parenthesis below.

1. I __ in Santa Ana. (live, negative)

2. You __ hard enough. (work, negative)

3. We __ a little workshop in my house. (have, affirmative)

4. __ you __ a job? (have, interrogative)

5. They __ hamburgers on weekends. (eat, negative)

6. Peter __ English very well. (speak, affirmative)

Mark the corresponding pronunciation of the final sound of the verbs below.

/s/ /z/ /iz/she usually eats pancakes for breakfast.he teaches english.Mary loves cheesecake. the baby touches the cat’s ears very often.Betty makes delicious cakes.

Listen to the following conversation between a boss and his employer and fill in the blanks with the missing words.

A: Bob, come here. I __ to talk to you.B: Yes, Mr. Byron? What is it?A: Why __ you __ late to work every day?B: I’m sorry, Mr. Byron. I __ far from here. And I __ a

car.A: Well, you either __ coming late or I’ll __ you.B: I __.A: Ok. __ back to your desk.

Activity 12


Activity 14

don’t have need stopunderstand live go

fire come do

english - ninth Grade

Self evaluation

200

UNIT 2

1 3

Answers:

200

MONTECRISTO CLOUD FOREST

1. a

The 2,418 meter summit of Montecristo marks the point where the borders of El Salvador,

Honduras and Guatemala meet, and it is one of Central America’s largest and most magnificent cloud forests. Cooperatively protected by the 3 countries, the forest contains a variety of micro-climates and possibly the greatest diversity of

wildlife in Central America.

Visiting time is only from October to March in order to allow the animals the opportunity to breed in peace. The survival and abundance of these animals, many of which are rare species, is also attributed to the

remoteness of the park.

2 4

__ is a tourist attraction in El Salvador.a) La Puerta del Diablob) 5th Avenue c) Mejicanos d) Chalatenango

Beth __ to stay home on the weekend.a) don’t like b) isn’t like c) doesn’t like d) do like

He __ in San Salvador.a) live b) lives c) living d) lived

__ the school principal speak English? Yes, he does.a) Doesb) Doc) Is d) Are

Choose the letter that best answer each question or statement.


Unit Two

Getting started!

¿Cuáles son las fiestas más importantes que se celebran en El Salvador?¿Sabes qué se celebra en las Fiestas Agostinas en El Salvador? ¿Has escuchado sobre las iestas patronales de los distintos lugares del país?¿Cuáles son las celebraciones de tu pueblo natal?

Lesson 2what are the Most interestinG

festivals in el salvador?

Achievement indicators I can provide basic information on national and local festivals to

classmates, fellow citizens and foreigners.

Decide whether the following statements are true or false based on the conversation.

1. Nichole is visiting El Salvador and she has some extra time.

2. Nichole likes Charlie’s suggestions. 3. There are many great activities at both festivals.


A: Hello, Charlie. How are you?B: Hi, Nichole. I’m fine. Thanks. How about you?A: Fantastic! Do you know about any festivals here

in El Salvador? I’m going to be here for one more week. I’m going to have some free time, and I would like to visit some important places here. Any suggestions?

B: Yes, of course! Have you gone to the gastronomical festival of Juayua?

A: No, but I’ve heard there are exquisite international and national dishes accompanied by Andean music. Is it true?

B: Yes, it is. Here’s another option... There’s a gastronomical festival in Salcoatitan, too. There you’ll find international and national foods, alcoholic and folkloric beverages, entertainment, live music and art exhibitions.

A: Thank you. That helps me to decide where to go. Bye!

I can recognize concepts and definitions related to national and local festivals from brochures, booklets or newspaper ads.

Activity 1

Knowing about the celebrations in your hometown gives you the opportunity to tell others about this topic. There are many websites where you can get informed. Check out http://ohioline.osu.edu/hyg-fact/5000/5237.html

What for?

UNIT 2


Enrich your vocabularyLook at the following pictures of monuments in El Salvador. Have you seen these before?

Celebrations Days

1 this is the day of the “reina de la paz”, san Miguel’s patron. san Miguel’s carnival takes place this day, too. A May 1st

2 the day of the Cross, which marks the beginning of the rainy season, is celebrated on ___. B august 1st - 6th

3 the celebration of the “divino salvador del Mundo” , patron of el salvador, takes place on ___. C september 15th

4 international labor day is celebrated on ___. D May 3rd

5 el salvador’s independence day is celebrated on ___. E november 21st

Do you know when these celebrations take place? Match the celebration to its day.

Listen to the descriptions of the three monuments in San Salvador and choose the name of each one.

1. Name of monument 12. Name of monument 23. Name of monument 3

Investigate the celebrations that take place in your hometown and write them in a paragraph. Look at the example below.

Example:Cojutepeque is my hometown. The city’s main celebration takes place in January. The city’s patron is San Sebastian. There are all kinds of activities during this celebration such as parades, dances and fairs.

Monument - Divino Salvador del Mundo Theater - Teatro Nacional

Cathedral - Catedral Metropolitana

Activity 3

Activity 2 Activity 4

Patron saint: a holy person who has died and is believed to protect a particular place, activity, or group of people.

UNIT 2


Time to readRead the following passage about Independence Day in El Salvador. Look up any new words in a dictionary.

One of the most important celebrations in El Salvador is Independence Day, which is celebrated on September 15th. The country became independent from Spain in the year 1821.

This holiday is so important that each year there’s a nationwide celebration which is planned in advance by teachers and students from public and private schools and by employees of governmental institutions. On this day, everyone’s daily routine is interrupted by parades and the sounds of marching bands that play loud, rhythmic music along the streets of all small towns and big cities in El Salvador. The marching bands are accompanied by cheerleaders who dance to the rhythm of music. Most businesses close for the day and give people time off to observe and participate in this national holiday.


1. Did you ever participate in an Independence Day parade?

2. What memories do you have about this celebration? 3. What was the main activity in your school for

this holiday?

Answer the questions about the previous passage.

1. When do Salvadorans celebrate their independence?2. Who participates in the preparation of

this holiday?3. What do Salvadorans do to celebrate

Independence Day?4. Who accompanies the bands in the parades?

Match the words with the pictures.

1. cheerleaders

2. employees

3. band

Activity 6

By this time you should have chosen the place you want to write about and should have collected some written and oral information. It’s time to start organizing the information and putting it into different topic areas that your report will include. Maybe you will want to write about tourist attractions, local foods, important people or events, and outdoor activities .

Hands on! 2B


A.

B.

C.

UNIT 2


Match the pictures with the names of the celebrations.

1. Independence Day

Research the main celebration in the following departments or cities. Then write sentences describing each celebration. Follow the example below.

Example: San Miguel Answer: San Miguel’s inhabitants celebrate their city’s patron, Virgen de la Paz, with a carnival in November.

1. Santa Ana2. Cuscatlán3. Sonsonate

Conversation and moreListen to the following three short conversations.

Listen to the conversations again and answer the following questions.

Conversation 11. What celebration are they talking about?2. Where is grandma going?3. Is Astrid going with her grandma?

Conversation 21. What celebration are Sylvie and Ricky talking

about?2. What’s Ricky doing?3. Where are Sylvie and her husband going to go on

vacation?

Conversation 31. What celebration are Cecil and Freddy talking about?2. What’s Freddy’s son going to do that day?3. What’s Freddy’s daughter going to do that day?4. Where will Cecil go that day?

4. San Salvador5. Panchimalco

2. Fiestas Agostinas

3. Holy Week

4. Christmas

A.

B.

C.

D.

Activity 9

Activity 8

Activity 10

UNIT 2


Enrich your vocabularyDo you know what these patriotic symbols of El Salvador are called in English?

Answer the following questions.

1. How similar are the flags of the Central American countries?

2. Do all the Central American countries have a coat of arms?

3. Do all Central American countries share the same Independence Day?

Match the names with the pictures of the patriotic symbols.

1. flag2. coat of arms3. national anthem4. national flower: Flor de Izote5. national bird: Torogoz6. national tree: Maquilishuat

Match the phrases on the left to the phrases on the right to make complete sentences.

1 The colors of the Salvadoran flag are A there are 5 flags that represent the Federal republics of Central america.

2 the national anthem of el salvador B the torogoz.3 the music of the national anthem of el salvador C the national flower of El Salvador.

4 Behind the coat of arms of el salvador D white and blue.

5 the national bird is E was written by Juan José Cañas.

6 flor de izote is F was composed by Juan aberle.

Glossary:Coat of arms: a special design that a country uses as its national symbol; it ’s usually found on a shield.

A. D.

B. E.

C. F.

Activity 13

Activity 11

Activity 12

It’s important for every citizen to know the names of their country’s patriotic symbols and to be able to describe them. This may help people to be able to ask questions about the patriotic symbols of other countries. For example: What do the stars on the U.S. flag mean? What does Mexico’s coat of arms look like?

What for?

Flag: a piece of cloth decorated with the pattern and colors that represent a country or organization. El Salvador’s flag is white and blue.

The simple past tense is used to speak about events that happened in the past and no longer continue in the present. For example: I talked to my tutor 5 minutes ago. Maria lived in Apopa two years ago. The teacher didn’t come late to class yesterday. The form of the verb is the same for all the subjects in the simple past tense.

Don’t forget!

UNIT 2


Language in useInformation questions in the simple present tenseWh-words are used for asking questions in order to get information about other people, places, things, or ideas. They are placed at the beginning of a question. The answers may be short but they include more information than an answer to a yes/no question. Study the following table.

Wh-words Auxiliary Subject Verb + compliment Answers

what do you mean? nothing special.where does his dad work? at a bank.how do you like your english class? i like it a lot.when does Cristina prefer to study? in the afternoon.why do you come late to class? Because i leave work late.who does your sister do the homework assignments with? with her classmates.

which foods do you prefer? tamales and pupusas.what time does grandpa go to bed? around 10:00 p.m.

Write corresponding questions to the following answers.

1. My favorite food is pupusas.2. I prefer to go to the beach.3. I want to go to the movies tonight.4. She has the keys in her purse.5. They like to work on their projects in the evening.

Complete the questions with the corresponding question word.

1. __ does he plan to go to Guatemala? By bus.2. __ is he coming back from San Miguel? Tomorrow.3. __ is the principal coming back to school?

At 2:00 p.m.4. __ does Betty prefer to dance with? With Freddy,

of course!5. __ ‘s that on top of the fence? It’s a big rat!

Unscramble the following words to form questions.

1. do/ Who/ with/ do/ homework/ you/ your?2. school/ you/ time/ do/ arrive to/ What?3. you/ do/ go/ work/ How/ to?4. earlier/ did/ you/ Why/ today/ leave?5. cheerleaders/ plan/ When/ the/ parade/ to

practice/ do?


Activity 15

“What” has many uses. It’s used to ask for identity, nature or value of an object or matter. For example: What’s this? It’s also used to call the attention to a statement the speaker wants to make: You know what? What is used to find other possibilities. For example: Are we having pupusas, tamales, or what? And it is used to express surprise: What, you don’t want to accept?

What for?

UNIT 2


Has trabajado con temas relacionados con algunas celebraciones en El Salvador. Así mismo, has leído sobre como los salvadoreños celebramos el Día de la Independencia, sobre los símbolos patrios del país y sobre las fiestas patronales en algunos lugares del país.

Lesson core

Do some research. Find out the information for the following questions and discover about the fireballs festival in Nejapa.

1. What kind of festival is this?2. What’s the origin of this festival?3. When does this festival take place?4. What do young men do?5. What do the fireballs symbolize?

Imagine that you just met a new friend, and you want to know many things about him or her. Write corresponding questions to the following answers.

1. My name’s Nancy. 2. Yes, I live here in San Salvador.3. I live with my parents.4. No. I don’t have a job, yet.5. I’m an accountant.6. No. I don’t like fried fish.7. I prefer pupusas.8. Yes, I always participate in the Independence

Day celebration.9. Yes, I participate in religious activities during Easter.10. No, I don’t go to the beach during Holy Week.

Answer the following questions with your own information. Then write a paragraph about a celebration in your hometown using the answers to these questions.

1. What’s your hometown’s name?2. Where is your hometown located?3. What’s the name of a celebration in

your hometown?4. When does this celebration take place?5. What do people do to celebrate it?6. Where do the activities take place?7. What do people eat during this celebration?8. How does this celebration end?


Activity 18


Self evaluation

208

UNIT 2

1 3

PLACE OF BIRDS AND FLOWERS

Suchitoto, in the Nahuat language, means “Place of Birds and Flowers”. It’s one of the most

interesting colonial towns in El Salvador. During the XIX century, it was an important agricultural and indigo production center. It’s located in the department of Cuscatlán, to the north of San

Salvador. Suchitoto was swept away during the Civil War. However, when the Peace Accords were

signed, Suchitoto changed its destiny and became an important tourist attraction promoting culture

and peace. Due to the war, the emigration of its inhabitants limited the imposition of modern construction, leaving this city as a living time

capsule of the history of El Salvador.

2 4

__’s an example of a gastronomical festival in El Salvador? The Juayua festival that takes place every weekend!a) Where b) Who c) What d) How

What’s an important national celebration in El Salvador?a) Independence Dayb) the carnival in San Miguel c) the flag d) the coat of arms

What’s a patriotic symbol of El Salvador?a) the flagb) tamalesc) beaches d) volcanoes

Salvadorans celebrate Independence Day on __?a) May 1st b) December 24th c) September 15th d) January 16th

Choose the letter that best answers each question or statement.


Unit Two Lesson 3what’s your favorite food?

Getting started!

¿Qué tipo de comida prefieres?

¿Qué incluye una comida saludable?

¿Qué relación hay entre comida y salud?

¿Qué cualidades tienen los vegetales verdes?

Achievement indicators I can describe and list various types of local and regional foods to

classmates, fellow citizens and foreigners.

Decide whether the following statements are true or false.

1. Jose and Lucy are working together. 2. Both of them are hungry. 3. Jose’s on a diet. 4. A chicken salad sandwich is a kind of healthy food.


A: Hey! I’m starving. Why don’t we stop working and have something to eat. It’s time for lunch, Lucy.

B: That sounds great to me. I’m hungry, too. I just had toast and a cup of coffee for breakfast. What would you like to eat, Jose?

A: I feel like having some seafood soup. What about you? B: Ah! I’d like to have a chicken salad sandwich.A: Are you kidding me? You just said you were hungry.B: I am indeed, but I’m on a diet. I have to lose some weight.

Glossary: Starving: when you are really hungry. For example: I’m starved or I’m starving.

I can identify names and characteristics of local and regional foods from magazines, internet articles, or stories.

Activity 1

The expression “feel like” should be followed by a verb with the –ing ending. It’s an expression used to say that you want to do something. For example: I feel like eating spaghetti. I feel like staying home and sleeping.

Don’t forget!

UNIT 2


Words Meanings

1 proteins A a part of a whole Part of a plant that is eaten as food. for example: potatoes, carrots or cabbage.

2 fruits B substance found in foods, such as meat, eggs and milk, that people need in order to grow and be healthy.

3 dairy products C substance found in foods such as tortillas, bread and potatoes. it supplies the body with heat and energy.

4 vegetables D these elements are often found in foods but the body does not need a lot of them to be healthy.

5 carbohydrates E a type of food that grows on trees or plants. it tastes sweet and contains seeds or pits.

6 fats, oils and sugars F Products that are made from milk. for example butter and cheese.

Match the words on the left with their meanings on the right.

Activity 2

Enrich your vocabularyLook at the following pictures of typical food of El Salvador. Which do you eat daily?

UNIT 2


Answer the following questions about typical food in El Salvador.

1. What are tortillas made of?2. What are tamales made of?3. What are pupusas stuffed with?4. Why are banana leaves used to wrap tamales?5. Which other typical Salvadoran food do you know?

Glossary: Chickpeas: a type of a bean, more commonly called garbanzo beans. Stuffed: to fill vegetables, tortillas or tamales with small pieces of meat or vegetables. For example: green peppers stuffed with pork, tortillas filled with cheese.

Nouns can be countable or uncountable. Countable nouns can be pluralized. They have a singular and a plural form. For example: banana, bananas. Uncountable nouns can’t be pluralized. For example: sugar and milk only have one form. Pay attention to the nouns in the following sentences. Countable: I want two eggs. I bought ten bananas. Uncountable: I want a glass of milk. I need two pounds of sugar. Glasses and pounds are units used to measure milk and sugar.

What for?

Activity 3

Now it’s time to start writing your report. You should have a list of information to include in your report. The introduction is the first paragraph that describes the list of things that will be covered in the report. The paragraph begins with the first item on your list. A description of the place is a great way to start! A description might include the location, population, main tourist attractions, special celebrations and other topics you think important. Go ahead! Just start writing.

Hands on! 2C

Time to readRead the following passage about Salvadoran food. Look up any new words in a dictionary.

One of the most popular kinds of Salvadoran food is pupusas. Pupusas are corn or rice tortillas stuffed with different ingredients such as cheese, vegetables, fried beans or ground pork meat. Cornmeal or rice dough is used to make pupusas. A ball is formed in dampened hands and is then stuffed with a variety of fillings. Next the ball is flattened and placed on a hot griddle until the crust turns golden brown. They are always accompanied with Salvadoran cabbage salad, called “curtido”, which is made of pickled cabbage, onions, carrots, and vinegar. They are also accompanied with warm tomato sauce.

Another popular food of El Salvador is tamales. Tamales are made with corn dough stuffed with chunks of chicken, pork or duck meat and a mixture of vegetables. Special tamales may also have olives, chickpeas and pieces of hard-boiled egg to give them a more delicious flavor. They are wrapped in banana leaves and boiled for about one hour before serving. Often they are eaten with a spicy tomato sauce. Tamales can be sweet or salty, and they can be served at any time of the day.


1. What do Salvadoran people commonly eat for Good Friday?

2. What do they usually eat for Christmas?3. Do Salvadoran people prepare anything special for

celebrations such as birthdays?4. What is your favorite kind of food?

Activity 4

UNIT 2


Conversation and moreListen to and read the following conversations that take place in restaurants between the waiters and the customers.

Conversation 1A: Are you ready to order, ma’am?B: Yes, please. I’d like to have a __ sandwich and an

order of __ fries.A: Would you like a __?B: No, thank you, but I want a __ Seven Up.A: Will that be all?B: Yes. Thank you.

Conversation 2A: May I take your order, Sir?B: Yes, please. I want two __ pupusas and one

__ tamale.A: Anything to __?B: Yes, a __ of hot chocolate. Thank you. That will

be all.A: It’ll be ready in five minutes.

Conversaion 3A: Good evening, Sir. What would you like to __?B: I’d like to have roast __ and mashed __.A: Anything else?B: Yes, some __ salad and a __ soda, please.A: Anything for __?B: No thank you.

Classify the following foods based on the way you prefer them to be prepared. Some may fit into more than one category.

A. Fried B. Steamed C. Barbecued D. Boiled E. Roasted F. Baked

chicken chicken chicken

chicken beef rice fish potatoes shrimp eggsbeans pasta turkey crabs rabbit vegetables pork

Activity 6

Listen to the conversations again, and fill in the blanks as you listen to the orders.

These words can also be used to modify nouns. Add –ed to the end of the verb. Be careful to use the correct spelling rules. Steam + -ed = steamed. Fry + -ed = fried. When a word is in -y, the -y is cahnged to -i and then -ed is added. This form explains how the food is cooked. For example, fried chicken is chicken that has been fried. Other examples include: barbecued chicken, boiled vegetables, roasted rabbit, steamed shrimp.

Don’t forget!

Activity 5

What for? When people say junk food, they mean food high in fat, salt or sugar. Junk food is not needed in the daily diet but it is often the food that is most desired. It might include hamburgers, pizza, chips and candy.

What for?

UNIT 2


Enrich your vocabularyHealthy food is good for you. Greasy food has lots of fat and oil. Salty food is high in sodium. Rich food is delicious and contains a lot of flavor. Spicy food burns your mouth and throat as you eat. Bland food has very little flavor. What other kinds of food are there?

Mark the adjectives that best describe the foods below. Some food may be described with more than one adjetive.

Match the pictures with the name of the cooking methods.

Foods Healthy Greasy Salty Rich Spicy Bland

boiled vegetables x xfrench fries

baked chicken

fruit

canned soup

pepper

cake

tamales

pupusas

cereal

A. D.

B. E.

C. F.

1. fry

2. steam

3. barbeque

4. boil

5. roast

6. bake

Activity 7

Activity 8

UNIT 2



1. Were you born in San Miguel?2. Where were you born?3. When were your born?4. Where was your English teacher born?5. Were you born in your house or in a hospital?6. What was your favorite food when you were ten

years old?

Language in usePast tense of the verb “be”A. Affirmative forms

Examples:1. Carlos was at the meeting last Saturday.2. We were in class yesterday.3. The party was great.

B. Negative forms

i was he was we were

you were she was they were

it was

i was not (i wasn’t)

he was not (he wasn’t)

we were not (we weren’t)

you were not(you weren’t)

she was not (she wasn’t)

they were not (they weren’t)

it was not (it wasn’t)

Examples:1. I wasn’t in the garden.2. The teacher’s assistant wasn’t in class.3. You weren’t wrong.

C. Interrogative forms

Yes / no questions with the verb “be” in the past tense begin with the verb “be”. They can be answered with affirmative or negative short answers. Study the examples.

Examples:1. Were you at the bank yesterday? Yes, I was. No, I wasn’t.2. Was Laura with you yesterday morning?

Yes, she was. No, she wasn’t.3. Was the food good at the restaurant? Yes, it was. No, it wasn’t.4. Were they sick last night?

Yes, they were. No, they weren’t.

was i? was he? were we?

were you? was she? were they?

was it?

To be born: This verb follows the same pattern of the verb “be”. The only difference is that the word “born” is part of this verb. Study the examples.

Examples1. I was born in Santa Ana.2. My children were born here.3. I wasn’t born in Texistepeque.4. Were you born in San Miguel? Yes, I was.

Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb “be”.

1. __ you home yesterday?2. I __ at work this morning?3. __ you born in San Salvador?4. Pedro __ born in his house. He __ not born in

a hospital.5. The party __ boring.

“To be” can be followed by nouns, adjectives and adverbs. For example: I was the principal of the school for ten years. My girlfriend was very pretty. They were in the office yesterday.

What for?


UNIT 2


En esta lección has aprendido sobre los diferentes tipos de comida y las formas de cocinarlas. Has practicado clasificando las comidas en grasosas, saladas, condimentadas, etc. Has aprendido también vocabulario y expresiones relacionadas con la comida y la cocina salvadoreña. Has escuchado además conversaciones en las cuales las personas están ordenando comida en restaurantes. Has practicado escuchando diálogos sobre los recuerdos de la infancia de un grupo de jóvenes, en los cuales se ha empleado el verbo “to be” y “used to”.

Lesson coreFill in the blanks to the following conversation with a correct form of the verb “be”.

A: I _(1)_ looking for you last night. Where _(2)_ you?B: I _(3)_ in a meeting where the teachers _(4)_

giving information about the closing ceremony of the program.

A: Where _(5)_ the meeting? I looked all over the school and I couldn’t find you.

B: The meeting _(6)_ in the English lab. You didn’t go there.

A: I didn’t imagine the meeting _(7)_ there. It’s a very small place.

B: Sorry about that, but the room _(8)_ big enough for the group.

Write questions for the following answers. Use the Wh- words given below.

1. My classmates and I were at the theater practicing the play. (where)

2. Lucy was born in San Miguel. (where)

3. Carlos was born on June 15th, 1965. (when)

4. My mother was feeling very bad last night. (how)

5. The tutors were worried because the students were missing too many classes. (why)

Activity 12

Activity 14



1. Do you like bland food?2. Do you prefer healthy or greasy food?3. How do you like salty food?4. Do most Salvadorans like spicy food?5. How does greasy food affect your health?

Do you have a healthy or an unhealthy lifestyle? Answer the following quiz to discover your food preferences and the kind of lifestyle you have.

Statements True False

i never exercise.

i go to bed late.

i love eating pizza.

i like rich food a lot.

i don’t like bland food.

i eat pupusas 4 times a week.

i love tamales.

i don’t usually eat fruit.

i hate boiled vegetables.

i’m crazy about spicy food.

total

Analize the answers. If you have 5 or more true answers, you have a very unhealthy lifestyle. It’s time for you to make a change.


Self evaluation

216

UNIT 2

1 3

HEALTHY FOOD

Healthy food can be nutritious and delicious. Choosing foods that are healthy and nourishing

is easy once you learn a few key points. But first, you should know that eating wholesome foods can be a heavenly, taste-tempting adventure. The myth that healthy, nutritious food doesn’t taste good is just that...a myth. When you start eating healthy food, it is helpful to think of it as an adventure in new flavors. This way it will be much easier to develop healthy eating habits that last a lifetime, rather than just going on

another diet. Healthy food nourishes your body with essential nutrients, namely vitamins, minerals, proteins,

carbohydrates, fats and enzymes.

Cheese is an example of __.a) protein b) dairy products c) fruits d) carbohydrates

An example of healthy food is __.a) pupusas stuffed with pork meat b) grilled fish c) hamburgers d) pizza

Spaghetti is an example of __.a) protein b) dairy products c) fruits d) carbohydrates

A very popular Salvadoran food is __.a) shrimpb) turkey c) pupusas d) arepas

2 4

Choose the letter that best answers each statement.


Unit Two

Getting started!

¿Te gustaría conocer sobre los eventos históricos importantes de tu ciudad y de tu país?¿Cuáles eventos históricos consideras tú que han cambiado el rumbo del país?¿No crees que sería interesante llegar a conocer con profundidad los eventos históricos de algún lugar del país?¿Crees que es posible conocer la historia de tu pueblo natal?

Lesson 4would you like to learn aBout your

hoMetown’s historiCal events?

Achievement indicators I can recognize major national and local historical events when

listening to the news. I can express, clearly and concisely, major historical events of national

and local history.


1. What’s Ray’s occupation? 2. How do you know Ray’s occupation? 3. What does he recommend for her to read?4. Which historical event would you suggest that

Ray include in the outline?


A: Hello, my dear friend! How is it going?B: Hello, Ray. How are you today?A: Well, I’m preparing an outline for the history class that I

am going to teach, and I need help organizing the most relevant historical events in El Salvador.

B: That’s interesting. Just last night I was reading some literature on Salvadoran history. Something very important that I learned about the political dimension was that the Peace Accords that ended the 12-year civil war were signed on January 16th, 1992.

A: Yes. I have already included that topic. Which other topic can you suggest?

I can recognize and identify major historical events from a magazine, internet articles or stories.

I can do research to write a report on national or local history.

B: Well, there are many more topics that are very important in Salvadoran history. Something that I would suggest is the topic of earthquakes. Salvadorans should know about this topic so that they are better prepared for future disasters.

A: Thank you very much. I’ll consider your idea. See you later!

Activity 1

UNIT 2


Enrich your vocabularyLook at the following pictures. What do they have to do with the history of El Salvador?

Words Meanings

1 earthquake A a large amount of wet dirt that falls down a hill and may cause damage and kill people.

2 flooding B To become covered or filled with water.3 mudslide C a violent storm with extremely strong winds and heavy rain.4 landslide D a usually brief and nonviolent shaking of the earth.5 hurricane E a sudden shaking movement of the ground.6 tremor F a heavy fall of earth and rocks down the side of a mountain or steep slope.

These words are related with historical disasters in El Salvador. Match them with the meanings on the right.

Historical Events Year/ Date

1 the book “Minimun vital” was written by alberto Masferrer in the year ___. A 1999

2 women’s right to vote was recognized in el salvador in the year ___. B feb 16, 1841

3 Dr. Maria Isabel Rodriguez became the first woman director of the university of el salvador in ___. C 2001

4 the university of el salvador was founded on ___. D 1950

5 The U.S. dollar was adopted as El Salvador’s official currency in the year ___. E 1929

Match the following historical events with the corresponding year or date.

Activity 3

Activity 2

The simple past tense of verbs is used to speak about events that happened in the past. These events are not connected with the present. Expressions such as yesterday, by that time, and ago are used with this tense. For example: The massive landslide buried many houses in Las Colinas neighborhood under tons of earth as a result of the earthquake on January 13, 2001.

What for?

UNIT 2


Time to readRead the following passage about effects of Hurricane Mitch. Look up any new words in a dictionary.

Hurricane Mitch hit El Salvador in late October 1998, generating extreme rainfall which caused widespread flooding and landslides. Roughly 65,200 hectares were flooded, and the Salvadoran government pronounced 374 people dead or missing. In addition, approximately 55,864 people were homeless. The areas that suffered the most were the low-lying coastal zones, particularly in the floodplain of the Lempa and San Miguel Grande rivers. Three major bridges that cross the Lempa were swept away, restricting access to the eastern area of the country and forcing the emergency evacuation of many communities. The heavy rainfall, flooding, and mudslides caused by Hurricane Mitch also severely damaged El Salvador’s road network. Along with the three major bridges over the Lempa River, 12 other bridges were damaged or destroyed by the flooding.

Ask your friends and relatives about their memories related to the earthquakes and hurricanes that they have experienced in their lifetimes. Ask them some of these questions.

1. Which earthquake was the worst?2. Why do they think it was the worst earthquake?3. Were they directly affected by this earthquake?4. Did affected people receive help from national and

international organizations?5. What were you doing when the 2001 earthquakes

happened?6. Did you experience the Ilamatepec Volcano eruption?

Answer the questions based on the passage above.

1. When did Hurricane Mitch hit El Salvador?2. How many people were pronounced dead or

missing by the government?3. How many people were rendered homeless?4. Which zones suffered the most with

the hurricane?

Glossary: Landslide: a heavy fall of earth and rocks down the side of a mountain. Earthquake: a sudden shaking movement of the ground.

Activity 4

Activity 5

You already wrote the first section of the report. Now it’s time to add other sections. You may want to expand on and be more specific about some tourist attractions. Write about the places you would recommend tourists visit and say why you recommend them. You could also write about the typical foods found in a particular region. Remember that these are only suggestions. Each paragraph should talk about one topic. Try to write three or four paragraphs.

Hands on! 2D

UNIT 2


Time to readRead and study the following timeline of historical events in El Salvador. Look up any new words in a dictionary. Notice that the events are not the correct order

Glossary: Flee: to run away from danger or evil, example: People living near the Ilamatepec Volcano in Santa Ana were forced to flee their homes when it erupted.

Organize the following historical events of El Salvador chronologically from the oldest to the most recent.

Years and dates Historical Events in El Salvador1859-63 President Gerardo Barrios introduces coffee growing.

oct. 2005 Thousands flee as the Ilamatepec (or Santa Ana) Volcano erupts. Days later scores of people are killed as tropical storm stan sweeps through the country.

oct. 2008 the 28th ibero-american summit on youth and development takes place in san salvador.

Jan.-feb. 2001 Massive earthquakes kill 1,200 people and render another one million homeless.

Mar. 2006 El Salvador is the first Central American country to implement a regional free trade agreement with the u.s.

dec 2003 el salvador - along with honduras, nicaragua, and Guatemala - agrees on a free-trade agreement with the u.s.

sept.1821 el salvador gains independence from spain.

July 1975 the Miss universe 1975 Pageant was held in san salvador, el salvador, and anne Marie Pohtamo from finland became the new Miss universe.

aug.1995 Boeing 737 aviateca n125Gu had an accident in el salvador due to bad weather conditions at landing. there were 65 casualties.

June1917 the san salvador volcano erupts and forces the government to move the capital to the present-day city of santa tecla, then named nueva san salvador.


1. When did El Salvador become independent from Spain?2. Who introduced coffee in El Salvador?3. Which country was the first to implement a regional

free-trade agreement with the U.S.?4. When did the Miss Universe Pageant take place in

El Salvador?5. What happened to Aviatecas’s Boeing 737 in 1995

in El Salvador?

Look for more information about historical events, and decide which others can be added to this list.

Activity 6

Examples of the verb go + verb-ing form: I usually go bowling on Fridays. We go hiking on vacation. She likes to go scuba diving. We went shopping last night.

What for?

Activity 8

Activity 7

UNIT 2


Use the expressions from the table above to write sentences. Use the phrases below in your sentences.

1. my English classes2. lazy classmates3. watching the national soccer team4. people who cheat in exams5. a boring class6. going to the beach

Enrich your vocabularyStudy the following table of expressions.

TI09P085

Expressions Meaning / Example

to be crazy about…

to be very enthusiastic about something.examples:when i was in primary school, i was crazy about going to the river with my

classmates.now i’m crazy about playing computer games.

to be in the mood for …

to feel that you would like to do a particular thing. examples: this morning i was in the mood for going bicycling.right now i’m in the mood for playing soccer.

Can’t stand …

to dislike something or somebody very much.examples:i can’t stand sports fanatics.My mom can’t stand cigarette smoke.

Expressions with the verb to go

Look at the pictures and describe what these people do on the weekend. Follow the examples below.

Example: What do the kids do? They go swimming on the weekend.

1. What do the tourists do?2. What do the children do?3. What does Karen do?4. What does the man do?5. What do the university students do?

1.

4.

2.

5.

3.


go fishing go horseback go biking

go dancing go scuba diving

UNIT 2


Language in useSimple past tense of regular verbs The past tense is used for verbs in which an action has started and finished.For regular verbs in the past tense, add –ed to the base form. The –ed ending is pronounced in three different ways. Study the following table.

/t/After a final voiceless sound

/d/After a final voiced sound

/Id/After the final /t/ and /d/ sounds

Base form Past tense Base form Past tense Base form Past tenseask asked admire admired accept acceptedwalk walked agree agreed add addedtalk talked answer answered attend attendedbake baked arrive arrived admit admittedblink blinked boiled boiled attract attractedbump bumped burn burned calculate calculatedcross crossed copy copied complete completedchop chopped cry cried compete competed

develop developed cover covered irritate irritatedknock knocked call called suggest suggestedpush pushed deliver delivered suspend suspended

smoke smoked kill killed test testedunpack unpacked save saved want wanted

Study the following examples.

Affirmative sentences Negative sentencessubject + past tense of the verb subject + didn’t + base form of the verb

i watched tv last night. i didn’t watch tv last night. he stayed home yesterday. he didn’t stay home yesterday. she called me last weekend. she didn’t call me last weekend.

they played football last saturday. they didn’t play football last saturday. we wanted to eat tamales last night. we didn’t want to eat tamales last night. i added pepper to the tomato sauce. i didn’t add pepper to the tomato sauce.

the meeting started on time. the meeting didn’t start on time.

Time expressions used with the past tense include: yesterday, last (night, week, vacation, season, month, year), (a minute, an hour, a month, 10 years) ago.

Interrogative form Short answerDid (didn’t)+ subject + base form of the verb Yes, + subject + did. / No, + subject +didn’t

did you cover the food? yes, i did. no, i didn’t. didn’t she send the letters? yes, she did. no, she didn’t.

did the students copy the exercises? yes, they did. no, they didn’t. didn’t the teacher explain the exercise? yes, she did. no, she didn’t

UNIT 2


En esta lección, has practicado leyendo, hablando y escuchando sobre eventos históricos importantes de El Salvador; como también desastres tales como: terremotos, deslaves, el huracán Mitch, entre otros. Simultáneamente has respondido preguntas relacionadas con esos eventos. Los ejercicios de la lección te permitieron practicar con el vocabulario nuevo así como con el pasado simple.

Lesson core

Look at the pictures below and describe what the people did last weekend.

Write ten original sentences and ten original questions using the simple past tense. Make sure some of your sentences and questions are affirmative and some are negative.

Listen to and read the following conversations and fill in the blanks with the missing words.

Conversation 1A: Carlos, _(1)_ you _(2)_ the report for the

English class?B: No, I _(3)_. I still need to make some corrections.A: I didn’t _(4)_ it either. I plan to do it tonight. By the

way! Why _(5)_ you finish it?B: I _(6)_ up late and _(7)_ an interesting movie.

What about you?A: I _(8)_ to bed early. I felt very tired because I had to

work all day long.B: Ok. Bye! I need to work. See you in class!A: Ok. Bye!

Conversation 2A: Hi, Carmen! I _(9)_ you last night, but nobody

_(10)_. _(11)_ you go out with your friends?B: No, I had to go to the hospital. My mother _(12)_

feel well.

Unscramble the following words to form affirmative, negative and interrogative sentences or questions.

1. class/ understand/ you/ the/ topic/ today/ Did?2. yesterday/ Ana/ attention/ pay/ to/ me/ didn’t.3. assigned/ developed/ all/ the/ topics/ last/ week/

We.4. Did/ information/ find/ the/ requested/ you?5. Rene/ didn’t/ Mario/ and/ the/ yesterday/ attend/

meeting.

Activity 11

Activity 13

Activity 14

Activity 12

1.

4.2.

3.

The pronunciation of the final –ed of the past tense of regular verbs depends on whether it contains a voiced or voiceless sound at the end of the base form of the verb. For example, in “ask” the final sound is /k/ so the –ed is pronounced as /t/; both are voiceless sounds. In the verb “love”, the final sound is /v/ so the –ed is pronounced as /d/; both are voiced sounds.

Don’t forget!


Self evaluation

224

UNIT 2

1 3

2 4

ARCHEOLOGY IN EL SALVADOR

Answers:

224

El Salvador is an unavoidable destination for archeology lovers because it is part of the

Mayan World and has important archeological sites. Among these sites is Joya de Cerén. It was declared a human patrimony by UNESCO, which testifies that civilization had developed in the territory of what is now El Salvador since the

year 1,200 B.C. El Salvador possesses countless archeological sites. At the moment, almost a thousand have been detected, many of which

have still not been investigated. There visitors can imagine what the day-to-day life of their ancestors was like and compare it to life today by observing

residential structures and agriculture areas.

__ is an example of a disaster in El Salvador.a) Hurricane Mitch b) Ilopango Lake c) San Miguel carnival d) the Ibero-American Summit

__ didn’t you send me the lesson report? Because I didn’t finish it.a) Where b) Why c) Howd) Who

The past tense of the verb cry is __.a) cryed b) cry c) does cry d) cried

This morning I __ in the mood for something sweet.a) did b) am c) were d) was



Unit Two

Getting started!

¿Qué lugares históricos de tu país conoces?

¿Cuáles son los lugares históricos más importantes en El Salvador?

¿Qué tipo de museos hay en El Salvador?

¿Te interesaría aprender sobre los museos que hay en tu país?

Lesson 5where Can el salvador’s

history Be found?

Achievement indicators I can talk about childhood memories with accuracy and confidence.


1. What’s Christy worried about?2. What’s Cathy’s suggestion?3. What topic is Christy going to research?


A: Hi, Cathy! How are you?B: Just fine. And you?A: Fine but worried. I have a homework assignment. The

Social Studies teacher wants us to get information from a museum and to write a report. Any suggestions?

B: I think you shouldn’t worry. Just visit the Smithsonian Museum web page. There are hundreds of topics you can search for.

A: Can you suggest a topic?B: I was visiting the website http://www.arago.si.edu/ and

I found out that they have a wonderful collection of stamps related to historical Hispanic events.

A: Can you give me some examples of the events the stamps relate to?

B: Sure. There is a collection of stamps with designs commemorating the four voyages of Christopher Columbus. Others honor the contribution that

I can do research to write a report on my hometown’s history.

Activity 1

Hispanic Americans have made to the world. But you can find information about any topic, as I said before.

A: Thank you very much. I’m going to see if I can find something related to the liberator Simon Bolivar.

B: I’m sure you will find that and more.

UNIT 2


Enrich your vocabularyDid you know that El Salvador contains many museums that store its history? What kind of history do these museums contain?

Answer the questions with your own information.

1. Which of these museums have you visited?2. Which museum seems more interesting to you?3. Which of them would you like to visit?4. Why would you like to visit it?

Museums Descriptions

1Muna- Museo de antropología dr. david J. Guzmán

A

founded in 1883, this museum has 6 rooms: slums, agriculture, artisan Production, Commerce and trade, religion, arts and forms of Communication. in addition it contains a temporary exhibition hall.

2 MuPi - Museo de la imagen y la Palabra B it’s dedicated to local and international art exhibitions and to the

history of salvadoran painting.

3 tin Marín - Children’s Museum C

it is a playful interactive museum for kids. it has an area for games, access to the interior of a real passenger airplane and flight deck, and practice of different professions at infantile level.

4 Marte - Museum of art of el salvador D

Permanent exhibition of historical objects of military governors, military transport, as well as the painting of luis vergara ahumada entitled “el Grito de la independencia”.

5 Museo de aviación E

this museum was inaugurated in 1992. here you can learn about salvadoran contemporary history. its permanent exhibition has guns, objects, images and testimonies of the Civil war. it also holds a recreation of a guerrilla radio from the time of the war.

6 Museo de la revolución (Perquín, Morazán) F

this museum is dedicated to investigate, rescue, preserve and show the public elements of the culture and the history of El Salvador. It has a file with collections of photography, audio, cinema, video, posters, objects and publications on subjects of identity, culture and historical memory.

7 Museo de historia de la fuerzas armadas G this museum holds an exhibition of objects relative to the history of

the development of aviation in the country.

Match the museums found in El Salvador on the left with their descriptions on the right.

history museum art museum children’s museum

Activity 3

Activity 2

Dictionaries are very useful when working with new vocabulary. To find the meaning of a new word, the first thing that has to be checked is the function of the word in the sentence. Is this word a verb, an adjective, an adverb, etc? Example: In the phrase “the Guatemalan border” border is a noun. The dictionary includes definitions of this word as a noun and as a verb. Border as a noun means “the official line separating two countries”.

Don’t forget!

UNIT 2


Time to readRead the following passage about a very important explorer. Look up any new words in a dictionary.

Although mariner and navigator Christopher Columbus was not the first European to sail to the New World, his four voyages (1492-93, 1493-96, 1498-1500, and 1502-04) mark the beginning of continuous European efforts to explore and colonize the Americas. Columbus was Italian and kept his Genoese citizenship, but he spent his adult life in the service of Spain.

Though his legacy is considered controversial today, at the time of the 400th anniversary of his landing on the American continent in 1892, Columbus was celebrated throughout the Americas. The United States issued a special series of sixteen stamps in conjunction with the World’s Columbian Exposition celebrating the anniversary. Held in Chicago in 1893, the exposition was the first critically and economically successful U.S. World’s Fair. Each stamp in the series shows a different scene commemorating events related to Columbus’s landing in America. Many of Columbus’ fellow explorers, travelers and patrons who made lasting contributions are also depicted.

Answer the following questions based on the previous passage.

1. What did Christopher Columbus do?2. How many voyages did he make?3. What was Christopher Columbus’s nationality?4. Why do you think Christopher Columbus’s legacy

is considered controversial?5. When did the US issue the series of stamps to

commemorate events related to Columbus’s landing in America?

6. What do you know about Christopher Columbus’s voyages?

Words Meanings

1 voyage A something that someone has achieved that continues to exist after they stop working or die

2 citizenship B the act of arrival, usually by boat or plane upon dry land or “tierra firma”3 legacy C subject, opinion or decision that people disagree about or do not approve of4 controversial D combined with5 landing E a long trip, especially by boat or into space6 in conjunction with F to officially make things available for people to buy or use7 issue G the legal right to be a citizen of a particular country

Match the words on the left with their meanings on the right.

Activity 4

Activity 5

Irregular verbs are called irregular because the past tense doesn’t follow a fixed pattern like regular verbs. Although they are irregular, some have similar past tense forms. For example: teach-taught; fight- fought, buy- bought; become-became, come-came; know-knew, fly-flew, go-went, eat-ate, say-said, sleep-slept, see-saw, give-gave, swim-swam. It might help you to find the verbs with similar irregularities and memorize them.

What for?

UNIT 2


Language in use“Used to” refers to activities you did regularly in the past but don’t do anymore. Look at the following examples:

1. When I was a child, I used to collect comics.2. When I was in primary school, my father used to

take me to the Metropolitan Cathedral.3. When my grandma was living with us, we used to

celebrate birthdays with home-made cakes.4. When my sister was a child, she used to have pets.5. When we were living in San Miguel, we used to go

to el Cuco beach very often.6. When I started college, I used to go to my friend’s

house to study.

Conversation and moreListen to and read the conversation among young people talking about their childhood memories.

A: Hey Pedro! Long time no see you guys! I remember we had a lot of great times back in school. Why don’t we talk about our memories?

B: Yes! Let’s remember our childhood. Let me start. I will never forget when we were about 10, we used to go to my uncle’s farm. We climbed the fruit trees and ate mangoes, oranges and limes until we felt sick. I really enjoyed it. What do you remember about your childhood, Beth?

C: How could I forget that? I also remember that when we were in the 6th grade, we used to skip classes a lot. We had serious problems when our parents found out. Do you remember that Monica? My parents will never forget it.

D: It is impossible to forget that, Beth! Let’s see if you remember this... When we were all about 9 years old, we used to go to the park and play games until late at night. Back then it was safe to be out late. Nobody was afraid of anything. I really miss those times.

A: Thank you for this great conversation. I hope to see you soon and continue remembering the old times. I have to go. Bye!


1. How old was Pedro when he used to go to his uncle’s farm?

2. What did Pedro use to do in his uncle’s farm?3. What grade was Beth in when she used to

skip classes?4. Where did Monica and her friends use to go when

they were around 9 years old?5. Was it safe to be out late when they were kids?6. What’s your best childhood memory?

Wow! How many paragraphs do you have now? You must feel proud of your report. Since you have been reading and writing about this place of your choice, you may be an expert. I bet you’re able to speak about this place without reading it. Am I right?

Hands on! 2E

Activity 6

UNIT 2


Enrich your vocabularyWhich archaeological sites are located in El Salvador? Look at the following pictures. Have you visited any of these places?

Glossary: Outskirt: a part that is remote from the center. It is usually used in the plural form.

Places Descriptions

1 Corinto A It comprises a group of flat-topped pyramids. It’s located 78 km from San salvador on the outskirts of the city of Chalchuapa in santa ana.

2 tazumal B it’s located in santa ana, close to the Guatemalan border. Many archaeological treasures can still be found untouched on the lakeshore.

3 san andres Cit consists of two caves situated on a broad plain 1 km north of the village of Corinto, Morazan. Prehistoric drawings about 10,000 years old can be seen on the cave walls.

4 Joya de Ceren Dit’s a pre-Columbian settlement that was buried under 5 meters of ash from the eruption of laguna Caldera volcano. it’s located 36 km outside of san salvador in sonsonate.

5 Guija E it’s another group of stepped pyramids positioned between two rivers in the Zapotitan valley, located in la libertad, 36 km from san salvador.

Match the places on the left with their descriptions on the right.

Activity 8

Corinto

Activity 7Fill in the blanks with the words given below.

1. It takes about two hours to cross the __ station between El Salvador and Guatemala.2. We didn’t climb the volcano, but we stayed on the __.3. The volcano eruption __ the indigenous communities.4. I love walking on the __ and listening to the sound of the water.5. We climbed up the main __ at the Zapotitan Valley.

border outskirt buried

lakeshore pyramid

San Andres Guija

UNIT 2


Language in useThere are many verbs in the English language that are irregular in the past tense. Study the following table and memorize the verbs and their meanings.

Base form Past tense Meaning Base form Past tense Meaningbe was / were ser o estar make made hacer

become became llegar a ser meet met conocerbegin began comenzar read read leerbuild built construir ride rode pasearbuy bought comprar run ran correr

choose chose escoger say said decircut cut cortar see saw verdo did hacer sell sold vender

draw drew dibujar sink sank hundirdrink drank tomar sit sat sentarseeat ate comer speak spoke hablarfind found encontrar spend spent gastarfly flew volar steal stole robarget got conseguir swim swam nadargive gave dar take took tomargo went ir teach taught enseñar

have had tener tell told decir hear heard oír think thought pensarknow knew saber understand understood entenderleave left salir wear wore vestirlose lost perder write wrote escribir

Study the following tables. Notice that the verb has an irregular form when used in the affirmative but is used in the base form when used in the negative with the auxiliary “didn’t”.

Affirmative sentences Negative sentencesSubject + past tense of the verb Subject + didn’t + base form of the verb

My best friend became a teacher. My best friend didn’t become a teacher.i ate a lot of food. i didn’t eat a lot of food.i drank a glass of milk yesterday. i didn’t drink a glass of milk yesterday.you got a good grade on your exam. you didn’t get a good grade on your exam.My mother met my father at school. My mother didn’t meet my father at school.

Interrogative form Short answerDid (didn’t)+ subject + base form of the verb Yes, + subject + did. / No, + subject +didn’t

did you arrive to the meeting early? yes, i did. no, i didn’t. didn’t she write the letters? yes, she did. no, she didn’t.Did they finish the exercises? yes, they did. no, they didn’t.

UNIT 2


¿Qué te ha parecido la lección? ¿Te gustó hablar sobre algunos de los sitios históricos del país? Probablemente no te diste cuenta, pero estuviste aplicando el pasado de los verbos irregulares para hablar, leer y escribir sobre los temas de la lección. Simultáneamente has estado usando el pasado de los verbos para completar los ejercicios. Has practicado también con vocabulario relacionado con desastres.

Lesson core

Write ten original sentences and ten original questions using irregular past tense verbs. Write them in both the affirmative and the negative.

Complete the following conversation by filling in the blanks with the past tense of the verbs.

A: What’s up, Mario?B: Hey, Luis. How _(1. be)_ your vacation?A: You don’t know? I _(2. cancel)_. I _(3. get)_ very

sick and _(4. have)_ to stay home. What about you?B: Who? Me? I _(5. go)_ to Spain. I _(6. have)_ a

great time. We _(7. travel)_ by train every day. I _(8. take)_ a lot of pictures. Do you want to take a look at them?

A: Yeah! Of course.

Complete the text in the postcard with the past tense of the verbs.

Dear Carlos,This is just incredible! It’s fantastic! Why aren’t you with me? I _(1. arrive)_in Israel ten days ago and my friend and I _(2. have)_a great time visiting the religious sites last week. As soon as we _(3. check)_ in the hotel, we _(4. go)_ to the Old City. We _(5. stay)_ in the Muslim Quarter and _(6. visit)_ the Dome of the Rock. We _(7. learn)_ a lot about Israel’s history and we also _(8. buy)_ many souvenirs and _(9. taste)_ the falafel.Last week we _(10. go)_ to the Dead Sea and the Galilee Lake. There we _(11. have)_ delicious fish called Saint Peter’s Fish.

See you next week! Karen

Activity 11

Activity 10

The subject “it” in these sentences has been used to substitute the name of the place being described: It’s a Pre-Columbian settlement. It substitutes the name Joya de Ceren. It’s close to the Guatemalan border. It substitutes the name Lago de Guija. It comprises a group of flat-topped, stepped pyramids. It substitutes the name Tazumal.

Don’t forget!

Activity 9


Self evaluation

232

UNIT 2

1 3

Answers:

232

4. a

EGYPTIAN PYRAMIDS

There are about 110 currently known pyramids in Egypt, many in a state of great disrepair and

almost unrecognizable. How the Egyptians managed the complex organization of labor and the physical movement of large stone blocks is still a matter for debate. Pyramid construction may have involved

ramps being erected around the pyramid. Blocks of stone would have been pulled up on sledges and the ramps dismantled later. It is believed that most of the labor for the construction of the pyramids came from

farmers who were available during the inundation season when the Nile River flooded and farmland was underwater. It would also have been an ideal time for the transportation by boat of large stone blocks from

quarries to the pyramid sites.

Which is a playful, interactive museum for kids?a) Tin Marin b) Aviation Museum c) Museum of the Revolution d) MARTE

What’s the past tense of the verb “understand”?a) understood b) stood c) understand d) did understand

The expression “in conjunction with” means __.a) tremor b) earthquake c) combined with d) landslide

What’s the name of an archeological site in El Salvador?a) Joya de Ceren b) San Salvador c) Metrocentro mall d) Downtown

2 4


ninth Grade english 233


Hands on!

Purpose

The purpose of this project is to go through the process of thinking about a place you want to research, and then collect written and oral information with an objective in mind in order to write a report. From the beginning of Unit 2, you were expected to think about the sections this report would include which would help you to collect the necessary information.

Theory and practice

The steps that were suggested in this unit to complete this project follow a similar process used in Social Sciences research. These steps include; thinking about the problem, finding the information to answer the research questions, organizing the information, analyzing the information, writing the first draft and finally writing the final document.

Development

The steps you were expected to follow to complete the project were the following:1. Decide which department, city, or town you wanted to learn about. 2. Think about why you wanted to learn about that place. 3. Collect written and oral information about the place. 4. Organize the information you were gathering. 5. Classify that information and decide which topics your report would include.6. Prepare the list of contents and the contents of each section.7. Write the sections. 8. Finish the report and present it to the teacher.

Wrap up

Now that you have completed your project, you can continue to practice the knowledge you have developed in this unit as well as the English vocabulary and the structures you have learned.

“An important place in my country”

Answer Key

6. Answers may vary.Activity 7: 1. border 2. outskirt 3. buried 4. lakeshore

5. pyramidActivity 8: 1. C 2. A 3. E 4. D 5. B Activity 9: Answers may vary

Activity 10: 1. arrived 2. had 3. checked 4. went 5. stayed 6. visited 7. learned 8. bought 9. tasted 10. went 11. had

Activity 10: 1. Was 2. Canceled 3. Got 4. Had 5. Went 6. Had 7. Traveled 8. Took


Resources

For more on pronunciation and spelling of the third person singular in the present tense:http://www.angelfire.com/wi3/englishcorner/pronunciation/prespron.html http://www.testyourenglish.net/english-online/subjects/spresent.html

For more information about El Salvador: http://www.internetworldstats.com/stats12.htm http://www.theotherelsalvador.com/ http://www.cp-pc.ca/english/elsalvador/index.html http://www.nvmundo.com/travelinfo/elsalvador/sattract.htm http://elsalvador.travel/eng/http://history1900s.about.com/library/world/blxelsalvador.htm http://www.ladatco.com/SAL%20-%20About.htmhttp://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/country_profiles/1220818.stm

For more about celebrations in the different towns and cities in El Salvador:http://www.mangoymar.com/eng/fiestas.php

For more about the past tense of verbs:http://www2.gsu.edu/~wwwesl/egw/index1.htm http://www.esldesk.com/esl-quizzes/irregular-verbs/irregular-verbs.htm http://www.englishclub.com/vocabulary/regular-verbs-list.htm

For more about Salvadoran museums:http://www.avitours.com.sv/elsalvador/museos/index.html

For the complete article on Columbus:http://www.arago.si.edu/

For more on Egyptian pyramids:http://homepage.powerup.com.au/~ancient/pyra1.htm

Vocabulary definitions in the unit have been taken from: English Macmillan Dictionary for Advanced learners of American English. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc 2002 and http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/

english - southamericanuniversity.org · write the phrases from the box under the category in the...

Documents