TapasIndicePreface1 Aims and methods1.1 What is syntax?1.2 Representing sentence structure1.2.1 Bracketing1.2.2 Labelled bracketing1.2.3 Tree diagrams and phrase structure rules1.2.3 Sentence and discourse1.2.5 Exercises

1.3 Constituency test1.3.1 Variations on basic sentence patterns1.3.2 Clefting1.3.3 Pseudo clefting1.3.4 Passivisation1.3.5 Pronominalisation1.3.6 Fronting1.3.7 Exercises

2 Constituents2.1 Introduction2.1.1 Exercise2.1.2 Word order2.1.3 Constituents

2.2 Sentences2.2.1 Simple declarative and interrogative sentences2.2.2 Compound and complex sentences2.2.3 Exercise

2.3 Clauses2.3.1 Exercises

2.4 Phrases2.4.1 Introduction2.4.2 Noun phrases2.4.2.1 Elements before the head2.4.2.2 Pronouns2.4.2.3 One-word phrases2.4.2.4 Elements after the head2.4.2.5 Summing up the NP2.4.2.6 Exercise

2.4.3 Verb phrases2.4.3.1 Introduction2.4.3.2 Verb complements2.4.3.3 Elements before the head2.4.3.4 The first auxiliary in the VP2.4.3.5 Summing up the VP2.4.3.6 Exercises

2.4.4 Prepositional phrases2.4.4.1 Summing up the PP2.4.4.2 Exercise

2.4.5 Adjetive Phrases2.4.5.1 Summing up the AdjP2.4.5.2 Exercises

2.4.6 Adverb Phrases2.4.6.1 Summing up the AdvP2.4.6.2 Exercises

2.5 Words2.5.1 Introduction2.5.1.1 Word classes: the distribution of words

2.5.2 Nouns2.5.3 Verbs2.5.4 Adjetives2.5.5 Adverbs2.5.6 Prepositions2.5.7 Conjunctions2.5.8 Exercises

3 Functions3.1 Introduction: the verb and its complements3.2 Grammatical functions3.2.1 Exercises

3.3 Grammatical functions in S3.3.1 Subject3.3.2 Predicate3.3.3 Sentence adjuncts

3.4 Grammatical functions in VP3.4.1 Predicate complements3.4.1.1 Exercise

3.4.2 Direct object3.4.2.1 Exercise

3.4.3 Indirect object3.4.3.1 Exercises

3.4.4 Adverbial complements with intransitive verbs3.4.4.1 Exercise

3.4.5 Adverbial complements with transitive verbs3.4.5.1 Exercise

3.4.6 Predicate complement + adverbial complement: a complex function3.4.6.1 Exercise

3.4.7 Verb patterns and functions: a summary exercise3.4.7.1 Exercise

3.4.8 Adjuncts and complements3.4.8.1 Exercise

3.4.9 Sentence adjuncts and VP-adjuncts3.4.9.1 Exercise

3.4.10 Predicative adjuncts3.4.10.1 Exercise

3.4.11 Functions of clauses3.4.11.1 Finite clauses3.4.11.2 Non finite and verbless clauses3.4.11.3 Empty subjects in non finite and verbless clauses

3.5 Grammatical functions in phrases: a brief survey3.5.1 Exercises

4 Processes4.1 Introduction4.2 Leftward movement: wh-movement and related transformations4.2.1 Questions: different types4.2.2 Subject-auxiliary inversion4.2.3 Do-insertion4.2.3.1 Exercise

4.2.4 Wh-movement4.2.4.1 Subcategorisation frames and wh-movement4.2.4.2 Exercise4.2.4.3 Prepositional phrases in wh-questions4.2.4.4 Wh-movement of subjects4.2.4.5 Wh-movement and S4.2.4.6 Exercises

4.2.5 Indirect questions4.2.5.1 Indirect Yes-No questions4.2.5.2 Indirect wh-questions4.2.5.3 Long wh-movement

4.2.6 Relative clauses4.2.6.1 Exercise4.2.6.2 The meaning of relative clauses4.2.6.3 Deletion in relative clauses4.2.6.4 That in relative clauses4.2.6.5 Advervial relative and free relative clauses4.2.6.6 Non restrictive relative clauses4.2.6.7 Exercises

4.2.7 Appositive relative clauses4.2.7.1 Exercises

4.2.8 Reduced relative clauses4.2.8.1 Exercises

4.2.9 Fronting4.2.9.1 Exercise

4.3 Passivisation4.3.1 The process4.3.2 The by phrase4.3.3 Exersice

4.4 Movement to focus position4.4.1 It extraposition4.4.1.1 It extraposition in passive sentences4.4.1.2 It extraposition in active sentences4.4.1.3 It extraposition with non finite clauses4.4.1.4 Exersice4.4.1.5 It extraposition in verbless clauses4.4.1.6 It extraposition with object clauses

4.4.2 Subject verb inversion4.4.3 There insertion4.4.4 Extraposition from NP4.4.5 Heavy object-shift4.4.6 Summing up

4.5 Clefting and pseudoclefting4.5.1 Clefting4.5.2 Pseudoclefting

4.6 Substitution by pro-forms4.7 Ellipsis4.7.1 Subject deletion4.7.2 Verb gapping and backward gapping4.7.3 Other examples

5 Non finite clauses: raising and control5.1 Introduction5.2 Finite and non-finite clauses5.2.1 Introduction5.2.2 Finite subordinate clauses5.2.3 Non-finite subordinate clauses with lexical subjects5.2.4 Non-finite clauses without lexical subjects5.4.5 For... to filter

5.3 Raising5.3.1 Raising with passive verbs5.3.2 Raising with intransitive verbs and with adjectives5.3.3 Summing up5.3.4 Exersices

5.4 Control5.4.1 Non-lexical subjects5.4.2 Control vs Raising5.4.3 Subject and object control5.4.4 Indefinite control5.4.5 Control adjectives5.4.6 Exersices

6 Reanalysis: a problem of bracketing6.1 Introduction6.2 Preposition and particles6.2.1 Exersices

6.3 Prepositional verbs6.3.1 Exersice

6.4 Phrasal-prepositional verbs and prepositional idioms6.4.1 Exersice

7 Level of structure7.1 Introduction7.2 Noun-phrases7.2.1 Flat structures and layered structures7.2.2 One-substitution7.2.3 Layering7.2.4 One-word phrases

7.3 Verb phrases7.3.1 Layering in VPs7.3.2 Formal evidence

7.4 Prepositional phrases7.5 Adjective phrases7.5.1 Complements of Adjs7.5.2 Discontinuous string

7.6 Adverb phrases7.7 Summing up: layered structure7.8 ExersiceIndex