english/amazigh (tashlhit)
TRANSCRIPT
Abbreviations & sings ......................................................................................................... 10
Why a bilingual English-Amazigh (Berber) dictionary? Simply because there is none.
Indeed, and I am saying it with great modesty, this work is the first of its kind. Even
if it is not perfect, I am quite sure that it will be very helpful and useful for anybody
who seeks to learn either English, if he or she is an Amazigh speaker, or Amazigh
language, if he or she is an English speak er. But don’t expect that this work will cover
all the Amazigh dialects because it will be a mission impossible. The reason is not just
because they are a lot, but because they are extremely rich. It will take many decades,
huge amounts of money, and many researchers to study them as a whole. Let the next
generations to take care of it. I am sure they will be equal to these big challenges.
That is why I focused just on my own mother tongue, Tashlhit, the most spoken
Amazigh dialect in Morocco and even in North Africa with more than ten million
speakers. It is the main language in the whole south of Morocco and it is used in many
big cities in the North of the country and Europe where Ishlhiyen emigrants had
settled down by hundreds if not thousands. Their main business is mostly trade and
commerce. Indeed, the owner of the grocery where you may run errands in
Casablanca, Paris or Brussels is likely to be an Amazigh from Great Suss region who
speaks fluently Tashlhit.
When I began this work I would never think that it will be that bigger (almost 1368
pages with 2 columns and more than 6000 entries). To tell you the truth, my goal was
something smaller than we have now. But as I worked on it, I couldn't stop anymore.
It was so exciting that this dictionary is getting bigger and bigger without realizing it.
For almost three years, all my weekends were devoted just for this work. At times, I
could work eight hours in a row in a single day, which is a lot as you might know. The
side effect of all this I should say is that I have begun for the first time in my life to
experience problems with my vision. But, it is not very important because I regret
nothing at all. For me, the promotion of our Amazigh culture deserves all sacrifices.
On the other hand, even if I am extremely cautious all the time with all my writing
projects, sometimes accidents might happen. As a matter of fact, this dictionary could
never see the light. Indeed, when I was at almost 500 pages, all of sudden, all my data
were gone. Everything disappeared completely in my computer. However hard I
tried, impossible to find it again. Frankly speaking, it was a real nightmare. But
thanks to a small software found somewhere in Internet and the precious help of my
little brother, I managed to recover the biggest part of my work. Still, some twenty
pages were missing, which is not very tragic. But, I was totally relieved because all the
efforts were not completely in vain.
As regards the work itself, I used the Latin alphabet. I didn't have any particular
5
most known which is not yet the case for the Tifinagh. For the bibliography,
unfortunately there is not a lot of documentation in English except one very
interesting PhD memoir done in University of Rabat. As a result, I relied a lot in what
was done in Arabic, French and Spanish in addition to all the material I gathered
myself, the result of almost twenty years of continuous research.
How I proceed? As a matter of fact, it is extremely simple. As you will see it, my
continuous concern is to reach out to a broader audience and not just a small elite of
specialists. So I gave a word in English and its different definitions with a number
and their equivalents in Amazigh language. Besides, every time it is relevant
(sometime it is not the case) I put the Amazigh word in a sentence to show how it
works in context. What about the Amazigh words I used? Even if it is not my cup of
tea, I made up some new words (I must say that it is extremely rare) because we don’t
have them at all. They all are related to the modern life. For the other words and
expressions I used, they must be known of every good Amazigh speaker.
In conclusion, I hope from the bottom of my heart that this first edition (hopefully
there will be another edition even other editions, why not?) of this work will give ideas,
meaningful ideas to the young researchers to do a better job in the future in as many
Amazigh dialects as they could. It stands to reason that it will help to keep our
language alive and, most importantly, it will make it known to the most people of this
world. Let us bear in mind that English is the official language of planet Earth with
billions of speakers.
Feb. 2014, Montreal.
Foreword/ Awal izwarn
The earliest dictionaries in Tamazight , although very basic, are written by father G.
Huyghe and dated from 1906 for Dictionary French - Chaouia and 1907 for the
Dictionary Chaouia - Kabyle and French. Following his dictionary of Kabyle verbs,
published in 1953, the father Dallet has placed at our disposal finally a real Kabyle -
French dictionary that meet modern scientific standards. This is the Kabyle-
French dictionary: At Mangellat talk, published in 1982. Two years later, J. Delheure
has published a Mozabite - French dictionary. Previously in the years 1972-1973, a
Kabyle intellectual group was formed around the writer Mouloud Mammeri to
establish an Amawal or a lexicon of 1940 entries. This lexicon was responding to an
urgent need to address the lack of knowledge of modern terms that can convey a
modern knowledge. During the decade 1990-1999, academician Mohamed Chafik
began a monumental work which consisted of a large bilingual dictionary: Arabic –
Amazigh; Volume 1 (1990), Volume 2 (1996) and Volume 3 ( 1999). More recently a
Taknarit - Spanish dictionary, was born in May 2011. It is the work of Dr. Sabir
Ahmed, former dean of the University Ibn Zouhr in Agadir.
I just gave a few important dates I felt essential, and some examples of bilingual
dictionaries Tamazight to one of the three languages that have coexisted with it, either
by geography or by history due to colonization. However during last two decades
countless dictionaries and lexicons were produced by own sons and daughters of
Tamazgha (North Africa). It is true that the establishment of two state institutions,
such as HCA (High Commission for Amazigh) in Algeria in 1995, and IRCAM (Royal
Institute for Amazigh Culture) in Morocco in 2001, has helped many in the
publication of this multitude of lexicons and dictionaries.
The fact that Tamazgha was not confronted with the English colonialism and that
most of the Amazigh diaspora resides in Spain, France and some European countries
such as Belgium and Holland, no bilingual dictionary Tamazight-English has
emerged. The great merit of Lahsen Oulhadj is to provide us for the first time, what
I may call an exceptional gift that is such large Tashelhit-English dictionary.
Tomorrow the Tamazight language, called to modernize, must have its place among
the major languages that have managed to express and say science and technology in
their works. Unquestionably English language is the language of science and
technology, hence its status of the most spoken language in the world. In less than a
century several languages such as Hebrew and Korean, to mention only these two
languages, have been promoted and boosted forward through translations of many
scientific papers from English. It will be the same if we, as Amazigh, assemble our
efforts not only to translate scientific and technological knowledge from English to
Tamazight but also to promote our language and culture in English. The tremendous
7
Tamazight language which will further grow its production. It will also pave the way
for generations of researchers to produce and edit science and technology in their own
language.
Finally, the last point I would like to stress is the following. The last three decades a
large number of Amazigh chose English-speaking countries such as USA, Canada,
UK and Australia to settle. I want to launch a solemn appeal to the English-speaking
Amazigh to make efforts to produce in English. This is of course to promote the
Tamazight language further and permits her to leave the modern life in its words.
With Tashelhit-English dictionary of Lahsen Oulhadj, you have a great tool to start.
For sure, it will be augmented in its future editions, and even adapted in other
Amazigh languages; Taqbaylit, Tacawit, Tamzabit, Tarifit, Taknarit, Tasiwit,
Tanefusit, Tatargit, ...
Kingston, March 2014
Berber-Latin Tifinagh
equivalent Similar English sound
1 A a / æ "a" like in the English word bad
2 B b
b or b or β like the English "b"
3 C c
4 D d
/ d or English "d", and English "th" in this
5
emphatic "d"
6 E e "a" in (unstressed) attack
7 Σ (Â â)
like Arabic ayn (no English` equivalent)
8 F f
9 G g
() "g" like in the words gate or Greek
10 (gh)
() like Spanish "g" in the word agua or Dutch gaan
11 H h
12
13 I i
/ i English ee like in sheet
14 J j like in confusion or television, French "j" in déjà vu.
15 Ýý none none emphatic "j"
16 K k k English "k"
1 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berber_Latin_alphabet
17 L l l or non-emphatic "L"
18 M m
20 Q q
21 R r
22 r emphatic "r"
23 S s
24
s emphatic "s"
25 T t / t or θ English "t", and/or English "th" in three
26
t emphatic "t"
27 U u / English "u" like in put
28 W w w English "w" in water
29 X x
30 For labiovelars we add
(, …) none (q, x…) It is like "g" in this Spanish word: "agua"
Abbrev. Abreviation Amd. Amdya in Tamazi t means example
Adj. Adjective Adv. Adverb Art. Article Chld. lge. Child language Conj. Conjunction Det. Determiner
b.fem.: yat (amd. yat tefruxt ad nn-
unni )
nnes) ajj (amd. yujja tarwa nnes ur
ar g-isen isaqqsa) ttu (amd. ittu
tarwa nnes in ubu) n ubu (amd.
in uba f tarwa nnes) zug (amd. izug
f tarwa nnes mecnekk ay-ad!) ber
(amd. i ber f tarwa nnes) em i
ssuqq (amd. i em i ssuqq n tarwa nnes
mecnekk ay-ad) sllem (amd. isllem
tarwa nnes, ili t) ur tt yiwi (amd.
ur tt ak k yiwi tarwa nnes, izug
ka!) ssired ifassen (amd. issired
ifassen tarwa nnes, iddu izug) all
ifassen (amd. yull ifassen f tarwa nnes
in ubu)
assim iy/azzim iy, issim iyen/izzim iyen
(amd. assim iy n teguriwin ur bahra
icqqa!) assizbub, issizbuben (amd.
ulum, ulumen (amd. ulum n teguriwin ur
bahra icqqa) as g ý i , is g ý i en
(amd. as g ý i n tuguriwin ur bahra
icqqa) akray, ikrayen (amd. akray n
warra rad ig bezziz!)
tegldit (amd. isllem tegldit)
abdication (n.): ufu , ufu en n tegldit
(amd. ufu n tegldit n ugllid Carlos)
tajjawt, tajjawin n tegldit (amd. tajjawt n
tegldit n ugllid n Sppanya Carlos)
asllem, isllemen tegldit (amd. asllem
tegldit n ugllid n Sppanya Carlos)
abdomen (n.): aguni , iguni en (amd.
ittut uguni nnes) abkni , ibkni en
(amd. ittut ubkni nnes)
abduct (v.): ak er (amd. yuk er tt ad d-is
itahel!) asi (amd. usin t ibulisen
teskut azal-azal) ssrur (amd. ssruren
t ibulisen u aras azal-azal) sgzdu
(amd. isgzda t) eg d umgzdu (amd.
iga t d umgzdu) sker amgzdu (amd.
sker g-is amgzdu) zbu (amd. zbunt
imxxaren igllin!)
iga igllin amgzdu nnesen)
skeren as agzdu) tukk e a (amd.
tukk e a n medden tella bahra temazirt
nne ) tasayt, tasayin (amd. tasayt n
medden tella bahra temazirt-ad!)
assrur, issruren (amd. assrur n medden
illa bahra temazirt-ad) azbu,
igllin!)
ar ttajja anufel nnes)
(amd. issg g assen ay-ad i i e )
3. To withstand. ama (amd. i ama
issg g assen ay-ad meqqar bedda illa
tafukt)
aman ka sul i rban n ugadir n
Imcggigilen) bedd (amd. bedden ka
sul i rban n ugadir Imcggigilen)
ame (amd. ume en ka sul i rban n
ugadir n Imcggigilen) i (amd. in
ka sul i rban n Imcggigilen)
5. To continue to be sure or firm;
endure. Ame (amd. ume en ka sul
i rban n ugadir n Imcggigilen) i
(amd. in ka sul i rban n
Imcggigilen) dus (amd. dusen ka sul
i rban n ugadir n Imggigilen)
mkken (amd. mkkenen ka sul i rban n
Ugadir n ufella)
Ugadir) ili (amd. illa
Ugadir) ili tazdu t (amd. ila tazdu t
Ugadir) ekk (amd. ikka Ugadir
issg g assen f issg g assen)
abide by (v.): sker (amd. ar iskar s
te awsiwin n Lislam) fe (amd.
i fa (amd. i fa a aras n Lislam)
ccukku (amd. iccukka a aras
Lislam) mun
(amd. i i Lislam) ame (amd.
yume Lislam)
ability (n.): afus, ifassen (amd. afus nnes
ur ifulki tiremt!) ti i e t, ti i a
(am. ur ila kra n te i e t!) tidrekt,
tidrak (amd. ur dar-s kra tidrekt!)
tafat, tafatin (amd. ur ila kra n
tafat!) tiqqiddit, tiqqidditin (amd. ila
mad iggutn n teqqidditin!) tussena,
tusseniwin (amd. ur ila kra n tussena
umnid-ad!) tawssena/tussena,
nnes drusentt umnid-ad!)
able (adj.): i e a n i (amd. argaz i e a n
i aynna inna) idrekn f/i (amd. argaz
idrekn f aynna inna!) iqqaddan i/f
(amd. iga argaz iqqaddan i aynna
inna) yufan ad (amd. argaz yufan ad
isker aynna ira) ilan ti i a /tidrak
(amd. iga argaz ilan tidrak
igguten!) ilan tafatin/tusseniwin
imassen (amd. iga agaz ilan imassen
igguten!) dar illa bac (amd. iga
argaz dar illa bac) issugern (amd.
argaz ur issugrn yat) imiln (amd.
argaz ur imiln yat)
(amd. ta awsa ur ikccemn ixf ay-
ad!) ma ittuham yan (amd. ay-ad
(amd. ta awsa ittuham yan ad iga may-
ad) issuhumn (amd. tagahwsa
ta awsa igan uhum ad iga my-ad!)
ikce uzmez/l al (amd. taawsa ikce
uzmez ay-ad!) ittukca n (amd.
tagahwsa ittukca n ay-ad!) d-
i ayn/isffa n ixf (amd. ta awas d-i ayn
ixf ay-ad!) ur igan temyurin (amd.
a awan ur igan temyurin nne a mu
issflid) ur igan tamyurt (amd.
in misen ur igan tamyurt ay-ad mu
nessfled) ur imyar yan (amd.
ti awsiwin ur ur imyar yan ad ad a d-
iwin) ur myaren medden (amd. tiram
ur myaren medden ad a d-sresen) f
ur iwin medden (amd. ta awsa f ur iwin
medden ay-ad!) ur igan zund
medden (amd. afgan ur igan zund medden
ad tegit) ur irwasn medden (amd.
afgan ur irwasn medden ad iga) ur
iskarn zund medden (amd. afgan ur
iskarn zund medden ad iga) ur yan
medden (amd. afgan ur igan yan
medden ad iga)
isskcem/iss li medden s tanawt) s
iggi (amd. lin medden s iggi n
tanawt) s ufella (amd. lin
inmmudda s ufella n u rrabu) s
u g nes (amd. kcemen inmmudda s u g nes
n taylalt)
tefunast) dri (amd. tedri as
tefunast) lu tadist (amd. telu-d
tadist nnes)
tikkal, a ray ar iffal f lmutt) asrig,
isrigen (amd. asrig ur d abzzag n ulig ad
d s-is ikka uzmez) adray, adrayen
(amd. adray n tefunast nnes) talui,
tiluiwin n tadist (amd. talui n tadist
tesker as immukrisen!)
ur-ta jju
nufi kra n ufssay) mad i lin s (amd.
mad i lin s ummukris n waman, ur-ta g-
is nesker amya) n (amd. ur isawel f
ummukris n waman!) f (amd. f
ummukris n waman, ur t inn ilkem yan s
wawal) ilan azday/annyalkam (amd.
waman) mma/amma (amd. amma
ttini )
2.Approximatively and not exactly. Yan (amd. llan g-is yan mraw
medden!) mad itteggan (amd. rad d-
yack mad itteggan tiss snatt n uzal!)
kra (amd. g-is kra n mraw n
medden!) nnig (amd. gan nnig n
mraw n medden!) zund/zud/zun
kra mad itteggan/zund mad itteggan
(amd. illa g-is zund mad itteggan mraw
medden!) ta awt/tamwin n (amd.
rad gen ta awt n mraw medden!)
tesg g in n (amd. rad gen tesg g in n
mraw medden!) mad nn ur
yaggugn/ijaran/yittin/ittelan f (amd. rad
medden!)
ttmani/amnid/mnid/asga/mmel (amd. kra
iga t amnid is t id kkan waman!) kra
iga tt tasga (amd. kra iga tt tasga is d g-
is uk in waman!) ku
tasga/umnid/mnid/mani (amd. ku mani s t
id kkan waman!)
4.Present or in a place. Ili (amd. is -id
tella Telila?) awi-d i a en (amd.
iwi -d i a en ar dar-un) awi-d
ixf/agayyu/iman (amd. iwi -d ixf inu s -
id) eg-d i a en (amd. iga-d i a en
ar amussu nnesen!) lkem-d (amd.
lkeme -nn amussu nnesen) iwin-d
i a en (amd. iwin t id i a en nnes ar
dar-ne !) ack-d (amd. yucka-d ass-
ad) eg yan n/ medden (amd. iga yan
n medden tewizi lli yiwin ayt usun
nnes) x e (amd. ur -id ix e ass-
ad) eg yan n medden (amd. iga
ukan yan n medden tem era n g ma-
s)
your are just going to do it. Rad nit
(amd. rad nit neddu)
neddu) era/bera ad (amd.
ibuqqalen!)
above:
something. Afella (amd. illa
ufella) afella (amd. ikka-d
illa nnig n udrar) afa (amd. illa
wafa n tegemmi)
Uggar (amd. ifrexan n ug g ar n 12
isg g assen a rad ikcem s ubaraz) s
ug g ar (amd. izri t s ug g ar n sin id
mitru) izri (amd. uncekk lli nn-llantt
n tem in izri ay-lli s tennit) ati (amd.
yuti t ay-lli d-yiwi tinmel)
3.Above all. Slawattinn (amd. ifulki i ar
bedda izzray yan i wallen nnes,
slawattinn i imqqur) slawann
tawwuri tecqqa f medden, swadd akk ayt
temazirt nne ) bahra (amd. ma
bahra mele islman n Ugadir)
abricot (n.): tiqarqact, tiqarqacin (amd.
ar ictta tiqrqacin) tiqarqayt,
tiqarqayin (amd. ur imel
abroad (adv.): be a (amd. idda s be a
n temazirt, ibbi-nn) temizar n
be a (amd. izug-nn ka temizar n
be a)
anccaf lli g-is illa i x cen) abuccix,
ibuccixen (amd. iga ak k ufus nnes
ibuccixen!) tibbit, tibba (amd. iga
ak k ufus nnes tibba!) ufu , ufu en
(amd. iga ak k ufus nnes ufu en!)
timssit, timssa (amd. iga akk timssa
udm nnes!) tikkelt, tikkal (amd. iga
akk tikkal udm nnes!) ufu , ufu en
(amd. iga akk udm nnes ufu en!)
tabubt, tibubin (amd. iga akk udm
nnes tibibun gga nin!) abub,
ibuben (amd. iga akk ibuben
udm!) timssit, timssa (amd. iga akk
timssa igllin!)
ifulki) amuddu, imudduten (amd.
ulttma) tabbayt/tubbya,
isker f tewwuri nnes teggut) azwag,
izwagen (amd. iggut uzwag nnes!)
agrref, igrrefen (amd. agrref lli nn-isker
takklit-ad iggut) an ubu, in ubuten
(amd. an ubu n waman iga ammukris
mqqurn dar-ne ) askkiwes/igiwer
yat!) nn-ibbin/igrrefn (amd. afrux nn
igrrefn ad iga) nn-ibbin a a (amd.
afrux nn-ittebbin a a ) nn-
ittebbin/ittegrrafn (amd. afrux nn-
uku ay) nn-ittebbin a a (amd.
afrux nn bahra ittebbin a a )
issakayn (amd. am a issakayn tinmel
nnes) imssik i (amd. iga imssik i i
te eri nnes sin ussan ay-ad) igan
imssik i (amd. argaz igan imssik i n
tewwuri nnes war asrig ur ifulki)
igan anbbay (amd. anlmand igan anbbay
f tinmel mennaw ussan ay-ad) igan
amgrref (amd. anlmad igan f tinmel nnes
irur-d aku ay) nn-ittebbin/ittegrrafn
amggaru/amgru (amd. afrux
amggaru) igan amggaru/amgru
an) igan amzwug/amzwag (amd.
argaz igan amzwag i tegemmi nnes)
izugn (amd. argaz izugn f tegemmi nnes
ur ifulkin!) nn-iskkusn/iggawrn f/i
nnes)
ishan) iddan (amd. argaz
iga) -id ur illan (amd. anlmad -id
ur illan ad iga) immuddan (amd.
afrux immuddan) i afeln (amd.
afrux i afeln)
cciba ifulki)
tayri ur ilan ttemi) ak k / awla (amd.
iga ak k tillas) imdan (amd. awal
tawwuri imucce n ay-ad!)
bahra) awla (amd. i an
awla) ar-lli ka (amd. issired
irukuten ar-lli ka) ak k (amd. icca
ak k a rum lli d-i aman) ar-lli g-is
ur ifel amya/yat/walu (amd. icca taknarit
ar-lli g-is ur ifel amya!) ar-lli g-is
ur ifel amya ka/yat/walu (amd. icca
taknarit ar-lli g-is ur ifel amya ka!)
ar-lli g-is ur ifel amya ka helli/yat/walu
(amd. icca taknarit ar-lli g-is ur ifel
amya ka helli!) s mad iggutn/ur
igan imikk/ur idrusn/d ur ismun imi/d ur
igli imi (amd. i an s mad iggutn)
ar ttemi (amd. ikcem ar ttemi s ifri)
nnican (amd. — iga umlil d u gga —
Nnican!)
d-yawi ebbi talilt)
akal ar issa aman) zzri (amd. izzri
ak k tiremt lli as feki ) lle (amd.
ille ak k aman lli as d-iwi ) sskcem
(amd. isskcem ak k wakal aman-lli)
abstain (v.): fel (amd. fel ay-nna d
tiram-nna!) kri (amd. kri ay-nna
d uctan-nna!) bbi (amd. bbi utcan-
ann lli ukan tecttat) ajj (amd. ajj
utcan-nna!) kkes i ixf (amd. ikkes i
ixf nnek timimin-nna lli ukan tecttat)
abstract (adj.): n uswingem (amd.
ti asiwin n uswigem ar ttirintt
aswingem) igan win uswingem
ttirintt aswingem) aswingeman
ttirintt aswingem)
(amd. had a wa tawwuri igan i i !)
n unufel/uxlu/i i (amd. tawwuri n uxlu
ay-ad!) igan win unufel/uxlu/i i
(amd. a wa ha tawwuri igan tin
uxlu!) iskarn anufel/axlu/i i (amd.
had a wa tawwuri iskarn anufel!) d-
i ayn ixf (amd. had a wa tawwuri d-i an
ixf!) ur ittiri ixf (amd. had a wa
tawwuri ur ittiri ixf!) ur ikccemn ixf
(amd. had a wa ta awsa ur ikccemn
ixf!) isnufeln (amd. ta awsa
isnufeln ad a inna)
annzay, innzayen (amd. iga akk wawal
nnes innzayen!)
n ufus lli as isker teggut!) asrfufn,
isrfufen (amd. assrfufen lli tt izzri
iggut) azzray, izzrayen f teglay ur
e antt (amd. azzray n teglay ur e antt
a tt bedda iga) tammara,
temmara!) takrrayt, tikrrayin (amd.
tukcifin!) gar, id gar (amd. iga tt
bedda gar!) tacktattaft, tikctattafin
(amd. takctattaft lli dar te e a
teggut!) aku ay (amd. iggut uku ay
lli dar-s tecca!) ta llabt (amd.
ta llabt lli dar-s tecca teggut!)
a yar/l yar, i yaren/id l yar (amd. a yar
lli dar-s te e a iggut!) anwiwir,
inwiwiren (amd. inwiwiren lli dar-s
te e a gguten!)
a afel/a ufel¸i afelen/i ufelen (amd.
i afelen nnes ur ad t sslkemen i
mani)
directed towards someone.
tefulki) tayyiti/taytti,
wawal lli as isker te ama g-is
bahra!) ajdar/ajder, ijdaren/ijderen
n udm (amd. ajdar n udm ur ifulki ad t
iskar ufgan i wiyya ) targgimt,
tirggimin (amd. tirggimin ur
fulkintt) amrgam, imrgamen (amd.
ifulki!) tamzzarrut, timzzurra (amd.
medden) tamjiyyert, timjiyyerin
teggut!)
(amd. assu g et tisint ar iskar tama unt
icqqan)
(v.)
treat them very cruelly. Jmtu e (amd.
ar ten bedda ittejmtu e !) s er imi
(amd. is er imi nu s taqqurt nnes)
iyyer (amd. ar ten bedda
itte iyyar!) snwawer (amd. ar ten
bedda snwiwir!) ut (amd. ar t bedda
ikkat!) eg afuss (amd. ar bedda g-is
ittegga afus nnes!) mrret (amd.
imrret a s uku ay) eg temmara
(amd. iga bedda tarwa nnes
temmara) sak kra
ar bedda isaka tarwa nnes ufus)
sak kra f teglay ur e antt (amd. rad k da
isak f teglay ur e antt!) eg kra gar
afus (amd. iga ten gar afus mencekk ay-
ad!) ame kra s gar afus (amd. yme
a s gar afus issggawssen d
issggawassen!) zzri tentt f kra (amd.
izri tent fell-a ) eg kra f u lma
(amd. iga a f u lma (amd. iga a bedda
f u lma ) mel kra tid agnin (amd.
imela a tid agnin!) mel i kra
tim agin (amd. imela a
tim agin!) fek/eg aku ay/tallabt…
(amd. ar bedda yakka ta llabt i tarwa
nnes) srfufen (amd. ar isfrufun
im a en nnes s uku ay) s ruc
(amd. ar bedda is ruc tarwa nnes!)
ne s uku ay (amd. ar ten bedda ineqqa s
uku ay) sres f lmutt (amd. ar ten
bedda isrus f lmutt s uku ay) summ
(amd. ar as tt bedda issumum!) ecc
(amd. ar as tt bedda ictta) ecc as ma-
s/baba-s (amd. ar as bedda ictta ma-
s) ekk-nn dar kra (amd. ar nn beda
dar-s ittekka s uku ay!) eg
takat/l fit (amd. ar bedda ittegga tarwa
nnes takat!) ssrut s uku ay (amd.
ar ten bedda issrwat s uku ay!)
k efe (amd. ik efe fell-as)
afel/ ufel (amd. ar itte uful tarwa
nnes!)
insultingly to them. yyer (amd. i yyer
bedda ma-s!) snwiwer (amd.
inwiwiren/u yar/l yar (amd. iga bedda
ma-s inwiwiren!) rgem (amd. art t
bedda ittergam ar-lli t ka tefel) e
(amd. ar ur te e at aytma-k!) e s
iwaliwen (amd. ar t bedda itte e a s
iwaliwen!) rreq (amd. irreq as ar-
lli tufen i an) uwwef (amd. ad ur
te uwwaft wid k u g ernin a!) sgel
(amd. isgel ar-lli ka!) a e (amd.
yu e t ar-lli dar-s ig g ra Bihi)
frre /srre tamzzarrut/tamjiyyert i kra
(amd. isrre a tamjiyyert ar-lli
ka!) eg irkan/ulus/tajlxit i kra (amd.
iga as tajlxit ar-lli ka!) all
irkan/ulus/tajlxit d kra (amd. is ka i em
yall d-is tajlxit!) ut kra iggi n udem
(amd. dertt a! Yut t ar iggi udm
nnes!) jder idammen udm n kra
(amd. ad ur tejdart idammen udmawen
n medden) ini iu i en i kra (amd.
ur ar ittini yan iu i en i ing g a
nnes) sgel/a e kra s iu i en (amd.
a wa isgel t s iu i en!) ne s
iwaliwen (amd. ar t bedda ineqqa s
iwaliwen!) ini gar iwaliwen (amd.
inna i as ar gar iwaliwen!) ini
iwaliwen x cennin (amd. inna i as ar
iwaliwen x cennin!) ssim i (amd. ar
t ttal e , nettan ar issim i) ne s
wawal (amd. ar yyi bedda ineqqa s
wawal!) afel/ ufel (amd. ar
itte uful tarwa nnes!)
(amd. ar iskar gar s idrimen lli as d-ifel
igllin n baba-s) sker tabe ant (amd.
isker tabe ant s idrimen lli as d-ifel
baba-s) sker mad ur ifulkin/i x cenn
(amd. isker mad ur ifulkin s idrimen n
baba-s) ssu g et/ssuget (amd. ad ur
tessu g ut waman smmumnin!)
abyss (n.): ugar, ugaren (amd. isker
ugaren) ad yu , id yu en (amd. iga
akk -id id yu en!) azayez, izuyaz
(amd. iga -id izuyaz mqqurnin)
talat, talatin (amd. iga -id talatin)
acacia (n.): taddut, tiddutin (amd. ur
issen igllin ay-lli nn-i e taddut)
academic (adj.): n tekadimit/tekadmikt
win tekadimit/tekadimikt (amd. tussena
accaulescent (adj.): ag ý a (amd.
immi ag ý a ) igan ag ý a (amd.
ayul igan ag ý a )
accelerate (v.): azzel (amd. ad ur ttazzalt
s umubil nnek!) sizzle/zizzel (amd.
ad ur tesizzilt amubil nnek!) iwwi
(amd. ar ka itte iwwi umubil nnes!)
s iwwi (amd. ar bedda is iwwi amubil
nnes!) irri (amd. ar ka itte irri
umubil nnes!) s arri (amd. is ar ka
is irri amubil nnes!)
umubil nnes!)
is ar ka ttefizzi s umubil nnes!) sfizzi
(amd. ad ka ur tesfizziyt amubil
nnek!) qqed (amd. is ka iqqed i
umubil nnes!) ader/add i
ttamubil nnes)
accelator (n.):
ims arrayen (amd. add i ums array n
umubil nnek!) amss ir, imss iren
(amd. gger-nn i umss ir n umubil
nnek!
accent:
(n.)
alsiwen (amd. ar isawal Tamazi t s ils n
ibudraren) taqqayt, taqqayin (amd.
asufe n teguriwin lli ila iga win
Ibudraren) ag e , ig e en (amd.
ag e nnes iga win Ibudraren)
2.A mark placed above or below a
letter in some languages, which affects
the ways the word is pronounced.
Tifertt, tifar (amd. taf an i t g-is bahra
tifar)
to it or take it from. Iri (amd. imma ar-
lli t tera ad d-is ttahel) zzri (amd.
ur izzri ay-lli as nni ) ini
waxxa/yah/yyih/brrek i kra (amd. imma
d-is ar-lli as sul tenna yah/yyih) eg
tirit/lxa e * (amd. ur yyi iga lxa e ad
dar-s ddu ) sbrrek (amd. isbrrek s
iswingimen lli as nni ) qqil-nn (amd.
iqqil-nn taswingimt lli as nni )
ssiwes (amd. issiwes unufel n tarwa
nnes) syyih/syah (amd. syyihen ay-lli
asen sutere )
that it cannot be changed. i e (amd.
i i e i mad as i ý an) ili ta i e a
(amd. ila ta i e a n tassast lli fell-as
illan) ader i ifassen (amd. udere i
ifassen inu lli ggammi mad
skare ) sres ifassen (amd. srese
skare )
you believe it is true. Fles (amd. ifles
ak k ay-lli as nnan medden) ssen
(amd. issen s ebbi) awi tt f kra
(amd. ad s-tt fell-as ur ttawit f aynna
ittini! Hati gguten g-is iskerkisen!)
sker s kra (amd. ad ur teskart s aynna
ittini! Hati llan g-is iskerkisen!) eg
tidt/tillawt (amd. ur iga ay-lli as tennit
tidt) ini tega kra n te awsa
tidt/tiddt/tillawt (amd. may-ad lli s tennit
iga tidt/tiddt) ili (amd. illa may-
nna!) nekkin nni (amd. nekki nni is
illa may-ann lli s tennit)
4.If a group accepts you, they treat you
as one of the group. Sker (amd. ur jju t
nega f usga, nesker bedda g-is yan
gi ) eg d (amd. gan t bedda d
winnesen!) eg d yan (amd. nega t
bedda d yan nne )
tia awsiwin ur iffe en ay-ad!)
izrin/izgern/izrayn (amd. ti awsiwin ur
izrin ay-ad) ur i x cenn (amd. i ar
tecttat be a tega ta awsa ur
icwcenn) ur sul i x cen (amd. ar
zzigizentt te awsiwin n tedurt ar-lli sul
ur i x cen ad tekmmi tem art) ur sul
ik ce uzmez/l al (amd. ur sul ik ce
uzmez ad ittasi urgaz tarwa) ur yiwi
tumela (amd. ad ikkes ufgan ihdumen
ta art ur sul yiwi tumela) ur igan
azawar (amd. ad ttemuddu tefurxt d ixf
nnes tega ta awsa ur igan azawar)
ur sul ilan/iwin azawar (amd. ad d imun
urgaz d tem art afus ufus iga ta awsa
ur ur sul ilan azawar) ur imela u a
(amd. anufel-ad lli skaren i zriyen ur t sul
imela u a ) iffe uzawar (amd.
tamyurt tega yat te awsa iffe
uzawar)
n ubaraz n tekurtt!) akccum,
ikccumen (amd. had akccum n ubaraz n
tekurtt!)
ar tunanin!) amxix/am i ,
imxixen/im i en (amd. tudert-ad ur sul
tega ar imxixen!) aggenger,
inggengeren (amd. aggenger lli isker
imikk ad g-is immet) amdruxcu,
imdrucxan (amd. amdruxcu lli ikser imikk
ad g-is ibbek ifrawen!) amrducxu,
imrducxan (amd. isker yan umrduxcu
i x cenn ar-lli ka!)
2.Something that happens ‘by
accident’ without being intended.
takuttut) amkkuttu, imkkuttuten
tamkkuttut!) uzzu, uzzuten (amd.
tamzzut)
tegemmi-ann tega tekkuttant) igan
takuttant ay-ad!) amkkuttu/amzzu
tamkkuttut)
akk ec i umarir lli izri tizi nnes)
ut afus (amd. yut afus i gma-s lli ar
ittazzal) ut tasarut n ufulki (amd. yut
tasarut n ufulki i una u ) sker ta rit
(amd. skerentt as akk tum arin ta rit
lli d-ikcem)
asen ka teskert ur ad s-tt g-isen
tekkest)
(amd. i d dar-i yucka rad as feke
tazdu t) tuzde t, tuzd in (amd.
tuzde t nnes tella -id)
accompany (v.):
ay-ad) eg yan (amd. i terit, a winnu,
rad ukan neg yan) ssar/b u a aras
(amd. i terit rad ukan nessar
a aras) eg asmmun/asmun (amd.
iga asmun nnes umuddu lli s ddan)
ekk yan u aras/ubrid (amd. ur ri ad d-
isen kke yan u aras!) ngef (amd.
nettenin ad ngefen tislit)
two things exist at the same time. Mun
(amd. tawla ar ttemuna d temlillay d
iwri ) ili d (amd. tawla ar ttili d
temlillay d iwri )
ismunen (amd. is ila asmun nnes?)
amddakel, imddukkal (amd. is ila
amddakel?)
because you have been forced to do it.
Inna i as ugayyu/ixf/uqllal (amd. lli izug,
agayyu nnes kad as t innan) ur as t
isbezziz yan (amd. lli iffu tamazirt ur as
t isbezziz yan) ur iga bezziz/ccil
(amd. ur as iga bezziz lli iffa
tamazirt) ay-lli ira (amd. iffe
tinmel, ay-lli ira ay-ann)
Assacka, issackaten (amd. ur-ta jju ufan
kra n ussacka ger-at-sen) amssacka,
imssackaten (amd. ar-d ura kra n
umssacka ger-at-sen) ammucku,
ger-at-asen) awal, iwaliwen (amd.
tijmmain (amd. ha-ti nenna nekk d-ik
tajmmat!) tinawt, tinawin n
d-ik tinawt n wawal. Ad as sul ur
nettales) tabbayt, tabbayin n
wawal/tejmmat (amd. ha-ti nesker
nettales) tamawayt, timawayin
sen!)
sen) amssacka, imssackaten (amd.
illa imssacka ger-at-sen) tamunt,
ger-at-sen!) awal igan yan (amd.
awal nnesen iga bedda yan) medden
igan yan (amd. gan bedda medden igan
yan!) afra, ifraten (amd. illa ufra
iggutn ger-at-sen!) trggigt, tirggigin
tidduk la, tidduk lin (amd. tella tidduk la
ger-at-sen) amnaway, imnawayen
bedda unmala ger-at-sen)
according to (prep.):
particular person, that person says that
is true. S wawal/imi (amd. rad ittahel
assg g ass-ad, s wawal n ayt-dar-s) s
ay-lli inna (amd. rad d-yack, s ay-lli inna
umddak el nnes) am-k-lli s inna
(amd. rad d-zri, am-k-lli s tenna inna-
s) zze ay-lli inna (amd. idda s
F an a, zze ay-lli inna baba-s)
2.If something is done according to a
principle or plan, that principle or plan
is used as the basis for it. S te fu i (amd.
isker tawwuri s te fu i n u nfa lli f d-
nessucka) s tecukkut/uccukku (amd.
nni ) s ussacka/usasa d (amd. s
ussacka d uzref amaynu, meqqar d yan ur
sul yufa ad ikemmi isuyas
imddanen) s tamunt d (amd. s
tamunt d uzref amaynu, ur sul illa ad
tekmmit isuyas lli ar d-ttemunan
medden)
something. Anqqis, inqqisen (amd.
tawkkast/tukkesa, tiwkkastin/tukkesatin
bahra) allas, allasen (amd. yura yan
wallas baha ifulkin!)
account’, you can leave money in the
ban and take it out when you need it.
Taanut, tiuna ugadir (amd. ila yat
teanut Ugadir lli ar nn-isrus im i en
nnes) Asi en/isi enen (amd. ila
asi en ugadir n BMCE) tamsi ent,
timsi inin (amd. ila tam i ent ugadir n
BMCE) agera, igaren (amd. ila
agera ugadir n BMCE) tamgerut,
timgerutin (amd. ila tamgerut ugadir n
BMCE)
account’, you include it in your
planning. K ti (amd. ik ti ay-lli as nni ,
acku isker s-is) eg ger wallen
(amd. iga bedda ay-lli as nni nger
wallen nnes. Acku ur jju t ittu)
ame / i/asi ssuqq n (amd. yume bedda
ssuqq n ay-lli as nni ) sker (amd.
isker bedda s ay-lli as nni )
4.’On account’ of means because of. S
usrag/uzakak (amd. ur yufa ad yanni
tirra-ann s usrag n tesmmuqqal lli nn ur
iga) acku (amd. ur rad nn-yanni yat
(amd. ur rad nn-yanni amya f
tesmmuqqal lli nn ur iga) s (amd. ur
rad nn-yanni yat s tesmmuqqal lli nn ur
iga)
for’ something, they explain it. Ssfru
(amd. may-ad ad issfran tag g at n tegu i
lli g-is illan) ger/lu-nn tifawt (amd.
may-ad ar nn-ittegar/ittelu tifawt f ay-lli
ur nessen) frrez (amd. taqqurt-ad ad
ifrrezn tagu i lli g-is illan) mel
(amd. taqqurt-ad ad immaln tagu i lli g-
is iban)
particular amount of something it is
that amount. Sker (amd. amll ef ar iskar
3% n te ssa n ufgan) eg (amd.
amll ef iga 3% n te ssa n ufgan)
swu (amd. iswa kra n k a n
idrimen)
(amd. ira bedda ad ig amssi en) bu-
usi en, id bu-usi en (amd. ur dar-s bu-
usi en waxxa s-is is awsa bahra)
bab n usi en, id bab n usi en (amd. iga
yan ba n usi en bahra ittussann
Ugadir)
ibrdan nnes) gru (amd. ar negrru
aqqayen n uzmmur) sgudi (amd.
mad isgudi d idrimen!) s em (amd.
mad is em d idrimen!) sker
agudi/a am (amd. isker igudiyen n
tem in tegemmi nnes)
accurate (adj.): illan (amd. in misen
llanin ad ak inna) ilan/gan
tidt/tiddt/tillawt(amd. in misen-nna lan
tidt/tiddt, tillawt) igan win
win tidt/tiddt, tillawt) n
tidt/tiddt/tillawt ay-nna tennit)
skkusn (amd. tassast nit skkusn ad g-is
nelkem) ur illa ales awal (amd. ha-
ti in misen ur illa ales awal ad ak
inna) ur illa mad ttinit (amd. ifeka
a kra n in misen ur illa mad
ttinit)
accuse (v.): jder (amd. ijder t is as yuk er
tafullust) ssusi (amd. ssusin as tin i
n umddak el nnes) eg tumela (amd.
gan as ak k medden tumela) mel s
u a (amd. ar t ak k mmalen medden s
u a ) i-nn (amd. tte i-nn g-is
tenna i as keyyin ad yyi iccan) ame -
nn (amd. tume -nn g-is tenna i as keyyin
ad iccan idrimen inu)
tazzela) lmed (amd. lmede
(amd. yiwi igllin f uzwag. Ur ar sul dar-s
ittawi yat!) eg tamyurt (amd.
tagmert tega dar -s tamyurt)
ache:
(v.)
a continuous dull pain there. Ge
(amd. ar yyi ige a yan u a i ak k )
a en (amd. u ene allen s tifawt iggutn n
tafukt) zziwez (amd. izziwez yyi u a
ar-i ) wi wi (amd. ar yyi ittewi wi
u a ) sker tag a t/a an (amd. isker
yyi yan ufus tag a t mencekk ay-ad)
qqes (amd. ar yyi itteqqes yan unccaf i
ak k ) ssiel (amd. issiel yyi u rum
lli cci be a) ne (amd. ine a yyi
ugayyu i -gam) a (amd. ya yyi
ugayyu i -gam) asi a an (amd. usi
a an n ul mencekk ay-ad) wi i
(amd. ar yyi ittewi i yat tefdentt)
bbaqqi (amd. tebbaqqi tasa nu) hul
(amd. ihul yyi ulig inu)
(n.)
(amd. illa g-is wa an) tag a t,
tig a in (amd. tella g-is teg a t)
anga , inga en (amd. ine a t unga )
a ngig, i ngigen (amd. ay-lli as ka isker
u ngig!) awi wi , iwi wi en (amd.
ay-lli as ka isker uwi wi !) iwi i,
iwi iyen (amd. illa g-is iwi i
u a ) a mma , i mma en (amd. illa
g-is u mma n ulig) ti resi,
ti resiwin n tefyyi (amd. ay-lli as tesker
yat te resi n tefyyi)
achieve (v.): hiyyu (amd. ihiyya tawwuri
lli as feki ) smed (amd. ismed
tawwuri lli as feki ) medu (amd.
temeda tewwuri lli yad-lli dar-s)
qqa a (amd. qqa a tawwuri lli
tennit) sala (amd. sala tawwuri lli
yad-lli tefekit) sker (amd. isker
tawwuri lli as nni )
achievement (n.): tarnnawt, tirnnawin
nnes) tannrut, tinnrutin (amd. isker
mennawtt tennrutin tudert nnes)
tawwuri/tagguri, tiwwuriwin/tigguriwin
nnes fulkintt bahra!) tamskirt,
bahra!) asmad/asmed/asmud/amud,
ismaden/ismeden/ismuden/imuden (amd.
yan) alkkum, ilkkumen (amd.
nnes!) azzray, izzrayen (amd.
izzrayen nnes ar ttubdaren!)
nnes fulkin!) asfla , islfa en (amd.
tega akk tudert nnes isfla en)
acid (n.): tismmi, tismmiwin (amd. tella
tesmmi wa il-ad!) ama us,
ima usen (amd. illa uma us wa il-
ad!) asma ay, isma ayen (amd. illa
usma ay wa il-ad!)
acknowledge (v.):
situation, you agree or admit that it is
true. Ssen (amd. issen s masdd is bahra
issa aman smmumnin) qqerru (amd.
iqqerra is ur iga yat) fek tug g a
(amd. ifeka tug g a is d nettan ad iskern
may-ann)
received it. ame / i (amd. ume e
tabratt nnek lli yyi d-tessafe t) lkem
(amd. telkem tebrat lli as uzene )
drek (amd. tedrek yyi tebradt lli
nnek)
uderna-ad!) abuu, ibua (amd.
ifulki ubuu-ad!) waderna, id
waderna (amd. ifulki waderna-ad!)
adrenen (amd. ifulki wadernen-ad!)
ubuhu-ad!)
ann) anmwassan, inmwassanen
temazirt-ad!) amssan, imssanen
lli s idda)
ur tezznezt ar ki ak t nni ) se (amd.
ise a ak k ikaliwen n temazirt!) add
(amd. iggut ma mu yudd d uqqa i )
sker (amd. ... a amareg ur jju gik nesker
aayk ura idukan, i iawel issalla
a ) ef (amd. i af mad iggutn n
wayda) eg d winnek (amd. iga
tigemmi d tinnes ur illi mad as inna
yat!) sker kra winnes (amd. isker
umubil lli as feki winnes, macc ur ak k
g-is yat!)
as unzzarfu tumela) all tumela (amd.
yull fell-as unzzarfu tumela)
acre (n.): ak , ik an (amd. mencekk n
ik an ad illan iger-ad nnek?)
azgen n hik a /uhik a (amd. a illan d
uzgen n uhik a iger-ad nne )
ta uni, ti uniwin n hik a /uhik a (amd.
ta uni n uhik a ad illan iger-ad
nne !)
iga ahiyya yili d tarwa n Sidi mad u
Musa) a wab, i waben (amd. iga
i waben) afraksi, ifraksiyen (amd.
iga ifraksiyen)
across (prep. & adv.):
go from one side of it to the other.
(amd. izri iger) Ø (amd. ibbi
a aras) s (amd. ddu s u g mma -
ann!)
road or river is on the other side. Nnig
(amd. tella yat tinmel nnig n tegemmi
nne ) tasga/mnid/umnid-ann
tegemmi nne ) ugmma -ann (amd.
izde ugmma -ann) tama-ann
(amd. illa-nn tama-ann)
(amd. ixa a mad neskar, ur rad ka
nesskus ik-ad!) sker kra (amd. ha-ti
ik-ad!) mmass/mmussu (amd. ha-ti
tizi ma ar nettemuss ay-ad ilkemn)
nnucceg (amd. ha-ti i ar ur tennuccegt
ur rad s-ik suduqquren idrimen)
azzel (amd. ha-ti i ur ar ttazzalt zund
ak k medden, ha-ti ur rad s-ik
sduqqurentt te rad)
zund kra unafal)
else, it has the function or does the job
of that thing. Eg zund kra (amd. iga zund
kra n unzzarfu)sker zund kra (amd. ar
iskar zund kra n unafal lli ar
isawal)
4.If you act in a play or film, you play a
role in it. Ili (amd. illa usaru n bu-
tefunast) urar (amd. ar itturar
usaru n bu-tefunast) awes (amd.
yuwes ufilm n Dda mad bu-
tefunast) dru (amd. idra ufilm n
Dda mad bu-tefunast)
Tawwuri, tiwwuriwin (amd. tawwuri nnes
tefulki!) tagguri, tigguriwin (amd.
tagguri nnes tefulki!) tiskirt/tuskirt,
tiskirin/tuskirin (amd. tiskirt nnes
tefulki) timskirt, timskirin (amd.
government. Azref, izrefan (amd. azref
lli izzrin unfalis ur ifulki i imzwagen
nne )
ur rad ttu ajmil lli g-i isker) afulki,
ifulkiyen (amd. ur rad ttu afulki lli g-i
isker)
tawwuri nnes tefulki!) tagguri,
tigguriwin (amd. tagguri nnes
temazirt fulkin bahra!) ta awsa,
ti awsiwin (amd. ta awsa ifulkin ad a
da isker urgaz lli!)
urgan ittemmussun) ittenuccugn
ittencucu n) ur ittame n/iqq ayn
yan mmel (amd. iga yan urgaz ur ittame n
yan mmel) ur iqq ayn/ittame n akal
(amd. iga yan urgaz ur ittame n
akal) izzigizn (amd. iga yan urgaz
bahra izzigizn) ur ittame /iqq ay
yan mmel (amd. iga yan urgaz ur iqq ay
yan mmel) ittellin (amd. iga yan
urgaz ka ittellin!) ur issen
skkus/ggiwer/bedd/bidd (amd. iga yan
urgaz ur issen ggiwer)
things are happening at the same time.
Amussu, imussuten (amd. amussu lli isker
ifulki) tawwuri, tiwwuriwin (amd.
bahra!) tagguri, tigguriwin (amd.
iga ak k u aras ancuce n medden)
anucceg, inuccegen (amd. anucceg n
medden u aras iggut)
actor (n.): a wab, i waben (amd. a wab-
ad ar isaa) amsuni, imsuniyen
(amd. amsuni-ad ila tasfekt iggutn!)
asbgar, isbgaren (amd. asbgar-ad ila
tasfekt iggutn!)
ti wabin-ad lantt tasfekt iggutn)
tamsunit, timsuniyin (amd. tamsunit-ad
tela tesfekt iggutn) tasgbart,
iggutn!)
aynna) igan tidt/tiddt/tillawt (amd.
tidt/tiddt nit skkusn/ibiddn/irrecn/iqqurn
ad!) d-yuckan (amd. ta awsa d-
yuckan ay-ad!) teffe /ur ilan/mu
tekkes turda (amd. ta awsa teffe turda
ay-ad!) ur illa ales awal (amd.
ta awsa ur illa ales awal) ur g-is
mad ttinit/ittunnan (amd. an mis-ad ur g-
is mad ttinit)
ur ri ad as awse ) s wawal n
tidt/tiddt/tillawt (amd. s wawal n tidt, ur
ri ad d-is mune ) s teguri n
tidt/tiddt/tillawt (amd. s teguri n tidt, ur
ri ad as awse ) ay-lli iga ebbi d
tidt (amd. ay-lli iga ebbi d tidt, irwas is
rad as negger il-ad nit!) ay-lli llan
(amd. ay-lli llan, ur jju nn-isaqqesa ayt-
dar-s) nit (amd. nni as nit
awal!)
tillawt, amddak el inu nit ad iga) ay-
lli igan tidt (amd. ay-lli igan tidt, yuf ukan
i nedda) ay-lli iga ebbi d tidt
(amd. ay-lli iga ebbi d tidt, yuf ukan i
nafu )
AD: You use AD to refer to a date after
the year in which Jesus Christ is
believed to have been born. Naf n telalit
n Σisa (amd. … 1999 naf n telalit n
Σ isa… ) lli ilul Σ isa (amd. ... 1999
lli ilul Σ isa… ) te fu i n telalit n
Σisa (amd. …1999 te fu i n telalit n
Σisa…)
teskert tadllalt i uyafu-ad nnek amaynu i
terit ad inez) asissen, isissenen
(amd. ixa a ad teskert yan udwal n
usissen i terit ad inez i uyafu-ad
nnek) asmal, ismalen (amd. asmal lli
isker i iyafuten nnes imaynuten ifulki
bahra!) asisken, isiskenen (amd.
ifulki bahra!)
ti g mma/tiqqura n taqqayt (amd. tebzeg
tegemmu n taqqayt nnes) tagrjumt,
tigrjumin (amd. tebzeg tegrjumt
tebzeg teslit n ummgg e nnes)
adapt (v.):
successfully. Imyur (amd. lli ddi s
Marikan icqqa bahra fell-i ad g-is
imyure ) awi (amd, yiwi yad f
tewwuri nnes tamaynut!) ack-d
(amd. ur d dis tucka F an a, yurri nit s
temazirt nnesen)
so that it is suitable for a new purpose
or situation. Sgadda/sgiddi (amd.
tam era) ssack-d (amd. issucka tt id
d waggur n tegemmi nnes)
add (v.):
of things, you put it with the other
things. Eg (amd. eg at d, kra igat yan
giwen, imikk n usa ur i takat!)
ssyufu/ssufu (amd. issyufa as k a t
te awsiwin ad tili tegadda ger-at-
sen) smed (amd. ismed as imikk n
ug g ern) lqqem (amd. i nelqqem
sin i yan ar a akkan k a ) smun
(amd. iø nesmun yan d sin ar akkan
k a ) afes (amd. afes as imikk n
waman)
‘add’ them ‘up’, you calculate the total.
Smun (amd. i nesmun 1 d 2 ar akkan
k a ) smed (amd. i nesmed 1 d 2 ar
a yakka k a ) lqqem (amd. i
nelqqem 1 i 2 ar a yakka k a ) eg
(amd. i nega 1 i 2 ar a yakka k a )
afes (amd. afes as sin Ii yan ifeka k
k a )
(amd. ar ka ittesu i takat) sskti
(amd. isskti da takat!) smmkti
(amd. ismmkti takat)
is tahra) tahra, tahriwin n umlal
(amd. teqqes as tehra n umlal imikk ad
immet!) tabninka, tibninkawin (amd.
tebbi g-is tebninka) tablinka,
teblinka)
waylillu/tekmmayt …(amd. animyur n
waylillu/tekmmayt/gi u (amd. iga bedda
yad-lli bu-gi u ar-lli ig gez akal!)
amsli, ismliyen (amd. iga amsli n
tekmmayt mencekk ay-ad!) anblu* n
waman smmunin/i ism wwa-d
bu-i isim, id bu-i ism bu-waman
smmumnin, id bu-waman smmumnin
ittutn ixf s waman smmumnin)
itteslin (amd. argaz itteslin f waman
smmunin) itteblan*(amd. argaz
f/s (amd. argaz ittutn f waman
smmunin) yut ebbi s (amd. yut s
ebbi s waman smmumnin. Ar bedda issa
ar ki iga aqq lil)
something else. Tufut, tufutin (amd.
taanut-ad tega tufut i tegemmi-ad
nne ) tasufut, tisufutin (amd.
nne ) asmad/asmud,
ilqqumen (amd. ilqqem i u aras kra n id
km ya n)
what you are discussing. D yat tiss snatt
(amd. ur rad dar-k s e amya. D yat tiss
snatt, ur d ak k yad-lli iwi
iqqa i en!) D yat ar snatt (amd. ur
rad dar-k s e amya. D yat ar snatt, ur d
ak k iwi iqqa i en!) d yat ya n
(amd. ur d dar-k ucki . D yat ya n, ur
ak k ssene is dar-k amussu!) d
ta awsa ya n (amd. ur rad dar-k s e
amya. D te awsa ya n, ur d ak k iwi
iqqa i en!) ura/ula/wala yat
te awsa ya n (amd. ur rad dar-k s e
amya. Ura yat te awsa ya n, ur d ak k
iwi iqqa i en!) d mit ya n (amd. ur
rad dar-k s e amya. D mit ya n, ur ak k
dar-i iqqa i en!) d (amd. illa -inn
u rum d tudit) ura/ula/wala (amd.
tella -inn tudit ura tamudit) d yat
da (amd. ur d-yucka. D yat da , ur a t
id ak k inna!)
idrimen ya n) ya nin (amd. yull
a g ddim ya nin) ufan/issufan (amd.
ifeka as kra n idrimen yufan)
address:
(n.)
you live, together with the name of the
street and the town or village. Tazdu t,
tizdu in (amd. tazdu t nnes tella ubrid-
ad) tuzde t, tuzde in (amd. tuzde t
nnes tella -id) mmel, id mmel n
tezdu t (amd. mmel n tezdu t nnes ur t
issen yan!) ad ar, id aren n tezdu t
(amd. ad ar n tezdu t nnes ur t issen
yan!) awr, iwran n tezdu t (amd.
awr n tezdu t nnes ur illa ixf n
yan!) tisi, tisiwin n tezdu t (amd. ur
dar-s tisi n tezdu t) tisi, tisiwin n
tezdu t (amd. tisi n tezdu t nnes ur
ttussan)
(v.)
your name written on it. Azen (amd.
tabratt-ad ttuzan ak d) ife (amd.
tabratt-ad ttu ifa ak d) ef (amd.
tabratt-ad ttu af ak d)
2.If you address a group of people, you
give a speech to them. Sawel /s (amd.
isawel medden tu umt n usrir… )
ini awal (amd. inna yan wawal i medden
usrir… )
dar-ne udan a ) ikallan (amd.
kallan idrimen lli dar-ne ) iqqaddan
(amd. idrimen lli dar-ne qqaddan)
ne )
adhere (n.): i (amd. ar itte ay u rum
ufllun-ad!) emm/ umm (amd.
umentt snat tefrawin-ad) n e
(amd. n e entt tefrawin-ad)
adipose (adj.): igan anddad (amd. alig
nnes iga anddad) inddidn (amd. dar-
s alig inddidn) anddad (amd. alig
anddad)
iadan asif) imadan d (amd.
a aras imadan d u aras)
adjective (n.): afris, ifrisen (amd. i ar
ttelmad kra n tutlayt tamaynut iqqan-d ad
ttakez et ifrisen) arrbib, irrbiben
(amd. iqqan-d ad tessent irrbiben!)
adjourn (v.): ajj ar ki (amd. ujjan
tam era ar ki ) smatti (amd. smattin
tam era nnesen ar imal)
ssaggug (amd. ar nn ka sul issaggug
tama era nnes) ajj ar (amd. ujjan
tawwuri ar azekka!) ajj ar ki (amd.
ujjan tam era nnesen ar ki ) eg
tizi/ass ya n (amd. iga ass ya n i tem era
nnes) fel ar (amd. felen tawwuri ar
assg g ass-ann d-yuckan) fsi/bsi
(amd. fsin t medden ur d ak k illa
um ar) sker i (amd. isker i tem er ar
assg g ass-ann d-yuckan)
its position or alter it in some other
way. Sgadda (amd. sgadda tifawt fadd
ad nettannay) sasswa/sasttwa (amd.
ssa ed (amd. ha-ti ixa a k ad tessa edt
a rab) ssack-d (amd. ha-ti ur d-
tessuckit a rab-ad nnek!) uwweb
(amd. i uwweb a rab acku iwwu yad-
lli) ssack-d (amd. issucka-d sul
a rab lli iss li)
2.If you ‘adjust to’ a new situation, you
get used to it. Imyur (amd. imyar
tawwuri n i , ur-ta ak k sul tehul)
awi (amd, yiwi yad f tewwuri-ad nnes
tamaynut) ack-d (amd. yucka-d d
waddad amynu) ssack-d (amd.
issucka-d d waddad amaynu)
organizing and supervising an
bahra!) tubedda, tubeddiwin i (amd.
tubedda lli isker i tewwuri lli as ifel tefulki
bahra!) tamazzalt, timazzalin i
ta aft lli isker i tewwuri tefulki
bahra!) tizigzi, tizigziwin (amd.
bahra!)
a country. Id bab n wawal/cci/kra (amd.
id bab n ci ad d ak k yuckan) ayt
tigli/ayt bu-tegli/id bab n tigli (amd. ayt
tigli ad iskeren tawwuri-ad ifulkin)
ayt tubedda/ayt bu-tubedda/id bab n
yat!) ayt temazzalt/ayt bu-
temazzalt/ayt temazzalt/id bab n
tamazzalt (amd. ayt temazzalt n Temaynut
tefullki bahra!) ayt ta aft/ayt bu-
ta aft/id bab n ta aft (amd. ayt ta aft n
Temagrawt n Imttinen imunen ur bahra
tesker yat!) tasnbedat, tisnbedadin
bahra!)
afgan ifulkin ad iga) i iln (amd.
afgan i iln ad iga) igan iwi-s n
medden (amd . argaz igan iwi-s n
medden) igan amudi (amd. argaz
igan amudi) amudi (amd. argaz
amudi ad iga) issusamn (amd.
argaz issusamn ad iga)
ssim uren medden ad iga) nn-illan s
medden (amd. argaz nn-illan s medden ad
iga) igan win medden (amd. argaz
igan win medden ad iga) ran
medden (amd. argaz ran medden ad
iga)
tewwuri lli iskar) ssim ur (amd. ar k
bahra ssim ure ) ale (amd. ar t
bedda ttale e !) aleø (amd. ar t
bedda ittaleø! ) tera ti t (amd. tera
yyi tt ti t inu) awi ti t (amd. iwi ti t
n medden) awi ixf (amd. iwi ixf i
medden) ecc ixf (amd. icca ixf i
medden) ( pej. ) eg ti t mqqurn
(amd. gi k bedda ti t mqqurn!)
admission (n.): iqqa ien/idrimen
idrimen n ukccum s unzgum-ad!)
azref, izrefan n ukccum (amd. gguten
izrefan n ukccum s unzgum-ad!)
admit (v.):
‘admit to’ it, you agree often
reluctantly, that is true. Ssen (amd.
issen sul is yuk er iqqa i en)
qqerru* (amd. qqerru is teskert gar
tawwuri-ann!) ssen s bezzizifadden
hakkak (amd. issen sul ar s bezziz is d
nettan ad yuk ern iqqa i en)
2.If you ‘admit’ someone or something
‘to’ a place or organization, you allow
them to enter it. Ajj (amd. ur ujjan
ims anen temazirt-ad)
aggur n temsmunt nnes i im nasen igan
imaynuten) sbrrek (amd. ar bedda
isbrrak medden usun nnes)
sskccem (amd. isskccem-d mennaw
iqqil medden lli t id ittewadasen) eg
mennaw ifassen (amd. is nn bedda iga s
medden lli d dar-s ittackan mennaw
ifassen)
tefza)
adolescence (n.): tam ayt, tim ayin
(amd. ha-ti tam ayt n yan a ar tessent is
rad ig kra) m i, id m i (amd. m i
tanubi, tinubiyin (amd. tanubi n tefrexin
ura nettat ha-ti tecqqa bahra!)
adolescent (adj.): amawa , imawa en
(amd. gguen -id imawa en!)
addar, iddaren (amd. iga addar!)
addal, iddalen (amd. iga addal!)
a zri, i zriyen (amd. iga a zri)
arrim, irrimen (amd. iga arrim!)
a zdaffu, i zduffa (amd. iga ak k -id
i zduffa!) ( pej. )
her into your family as your son or
daughter. Syes (amd. lli as ur ttaru
tem art, isyes-d nit yat tazzant)
ssnker-d (amd. afrux nna ur iga iwi-t-sen,
is t id ka ssnkeren) asi (amd. rad asi
tazzant-ad ar ki temqqur) ssim ur-
d (amd. nettenin ad t id-issim uren)
sker iwi/illi (amd. skeren g-is iwi-t-sen
zze lli sul iga tazzant) eg d iwi/illi
(amd. gan t d iwi-t-sen zze lli nit bejjuk
ilan imiskukk)
you start to have it. Ili (amd. ixa a ad
tessiwisem i tarwa nnun ad ttilin tankera
ifulkin!)
ggutnin)
bahra a awan n Imazi en)
adulator (n.): a a , i a en (amd. gan
ak k i a en nnes!) bu-ulu , id bu-
ulu (amd. gan ak k id bu-ulu !) bab
n ulu en, id bab n ulu en (amd. kad gan
id bab n ulu en!) targgag, irggagen
(amd. iga yan urggag mqqurn!)
amala , imala en (amd. iga yan umala
mqqurn!) amulle , imulle en (amd.
iga yan umulle mqqurn bahra!)
adult (n.):
il-ad!) ana um, ina umen (amd iga
ana um il-ad!)
b.fem.: tam art, tim arin (amd. tam art
ad tega!) tana umt, tina umin (amd.
tana umt ad tega il-ad!)
adulterous (adj.): iksarn
mm e n)
akur) tikra, tikriwin (amd. isker
tikra) timm e i, timm e iwin (amd.
isker timm e i) ahgges/ahyyes,
ihggesen/ihyyesen (amd. isker
they move forward. Zzigez (amd. izzigez
s imikk) kkes-nn (amd. ikkes-nn ukan
imikk) ut (amd. mad yut d u aras sul
nnes s mencekk!) aga (amd. yaga d
imdduk k al nnes mencekk iggutn!)
bbi (amd. nebbi yad mad iggutn u aras
nne )
(n.)
particular area. Tizwiri/tazwuri/tazguri,
tatiknulujit teggut! Ur nni is rad ten sul
ilkem kra n yan)
do it before something else happens.
S/n umnzuy (amd. assg g ass-ad illa un a
s umnzuy) yad (amd. nni as t yad
fadd ad t ur ttu ) yad man agu (amd.
isker yad man agu tawwuri lli dar-
s!) zikk (amd. isker tawwuri nnes
zikk!) n zikk (amd. illa un a n
zikk) azgagen (amd. issnker ten id
azgagen!)
(adj.)
or give before an event. N umnzuy (amd.
ttefeka asen tematart n umnzuy) n
zikk (amd. ttefeka asen tematart n
zikk) yad (amd. tteufeka asen
tematart yad!) yad man agu (amd.
ttufekka asen tematart yad man
agu!) azgagen (amd. ttufeka asen
tematart azgagen!)
medden izwarn mennaw ibarazen n
tussena) ikkesn-nn (amd. iga yan
ufrux nn-ikkesn mad iggutn te eri
nnes) yutn-nn (amd. iga yan u zri
nn-yutn mencekk te eri nnes)
ikkan ixf (amd. iga yan unlmad ikkan ixf i
ing g a nnes umnid n tussena
iqqurn) ifeln (amd. ta awsa ifeln
tiyya ay-ad!) ilkemn mani (amd.
medden ilkemen mani ubaraz n te eri d
usiggel)
in a better position. aa, id aa (amd.
ur dar-i kra n aa tewwuri lli
sala ) afus, ifassen (amd. a wa, yut
afus nnes istayen lli zrinin) tayafut,
tiyufa (amd. man tayafut a rad d g-is
awi ?) afulki, ifulkiyen (amd. man
afulki a rad d g-is awi ?) tasufut,
tisufutin (amd. is dar-k kra n tesufut
ay-nna?) tanyaft, tinyafin (amd. ur
dar-i g-is kra n tanyaft!)
2.If you ‘take advantage of ’ someone,
you treat them unfairly for your own
benefit. Af aa/tanyaft (amd. ufan g-is
aa nnesen) sker aa/tanyaft
ur illa umya ixf nnes) eg (amd.
issg g assen ay-ad ad t ukan te egen ur
ak k issen) ut afus (amd. yut afus
g ma-s ibrru t nit!) af afulki (amd.
yufa afulki g ma-s macc ur s-is
issen) s lli (amd. ar ak k is lli akal
lli dar-sen) asi i allen (amd. yusi
i allen iger nnes!) afel/ ufel
(amd. i ald ak is ur nessen is ar gi
itte afal)
you make use of it. Eg (amd. iga iggulla
n uzzal i iger nnes) ekk (amd. ikka as
ar iggulla n uzzal lli rad ikkrez!)
nawel (amd. inawel iggulla n uzzal lli
rad ikkrez) sker (amd. ur issen
manikk rad isker i umubil n g ma-
s… ) awel (amd. ur issen mani rad
yawel i imiss-ad amaynu)
adventure (n.): tasmsksalt, timsksalin
tazbdart, tizbdarin (amd. tega akk
tudert nnes tizbdarin!) tadyant,
ixf n yan)
bedda ittuman umrnu d umyag
nnes!) bu-umyag, id bu-umyag
asmun, ismmunen ismunen n umyag
(amd. asmmun n umyag iga ta awsa
ittumnidn tewinest)
nnes ad iga) a ni, i nan (amd. a war
ad umeren i nan!) anggu, ingga
(amd. iga anggu nnes mencekk ay-
ad!)
ixa a ad teskert tadllalt i uyafu-ad nnek
amaynu i terit ad inez) asissen,
isissenen (amd. ixa a ad teskert yan
udwal n usissen i terit ad inez i uyafu-ad
nnek) asbrre /asbrri ,
advertise (v.):
ibrre Radio is rad izzenez tigemmi
nnes) sbrre (amd. isbrre ma s
rad isker tam ra imal-ass d-yuckan)
all abrra (amd. ad da alle abrra ad
ig wawal nne yan) sker tadllalt
(amd. isker tadllalt TV i te awsiwin
timaynutin lli izzenza) sdllel (amd.
isdellel TV ma s rad i em yat teanut
ya n) i-d (amd. i i-d u mis ma s
rad izzenz ak k ayda nnes, acku rad izug
s Kana a) sffe -d (amd. isffe -d
u mis ma s rad izzenz ak k ayda nnes,
acku rad izug s Kana a)
2.if you advertise, you make an
announcement, for example in a
newspaper or on television. Brre (amd.
ibrre ma s ar isiggil tawwuri)
sbrre (amd. isbrre ma s rad isker
tam ra imal-ass d-yuckan) i-d
(amd. i i-d u mis ma s rad izzenz ak k
ayda nnes, acku rad izug s Kana a)
sdllel (amd. isdellel TV ma s rad i em
yat teanut ya n) sker tadllalt (amd.
isker tadllalt TV i te awsiwin
timaynutin lli izzenza) sffe -d (amd.
isffe -d u mis ma s rad izzenz ak k ayda
nnes, acku rad izug s Kana a)
advice (n.): awal, iwaliwen (amd. ur
issfled i wawal lli as nni ) asmigel,
ismiglen (amd. asmigel lli as feki isker
dar-i mennawtt tifawin) a aras,
i arasen (amd. meli as a aras, macc ur
t ira) abrid, ibriden (amd. meli as
abrid, is ur ira ad yyi isaf a)
advise (v.): smigel/smagel (amd. smigel
as ad d-is ur ittahel) fek
tifawin/asmigel (amd. feki as mad iggutn
n tifawin) mel a aras/abrid (amd.
meli as a aras, macc ur ira ad yyi
isaf a) ame / i afus (amd. ume e
as bedda afus, macc ur ira ad yili d ixf
nnes) sbedd f i a en (amd. ri ad t
sbedde f i a en iri ad yyi isbedd f
ugayyu) dabber/debber (amd.
(amd. bu-usmigel ad iga) bab n
usmigel, id bab n usmigel (amd. bab n
usmigel ad iga) ansmigel, insmigilen
(amd. iga akk -id insmigilen macc
tayafut ur tella!)
(amd. i ur illa isk n ttilbizyun ar ittecqqu
ad -id tame t kra)
aerodrome (n.): azag g ez, izag g ezen n
taylalin (amd. azaggez n taylalin n
Ugadir ur bahra imqqur!)
tisaylalin) tafarrayt, tifarrayin
teskar tisfarrayin!)
ti awsiwin (amd. ta awsa n tam era ur
bahra terxa)
sexual relationshinp. Timm e i,
timm e iwin (amd. salan timm e i)
akur, akuren (amd. salan akur)
tikra, tikratin (amd. salan tikra!)
(pl. n.)
personal life. Tawwuri, tiwwuriwin
affect (v.):
to. Awi (amd. ur dar-s yiwi u mmi
yat) nfel (amd. Internet infel bahra
tudert nne ) gger (amd. igger un a
i temgera n ussg g ass-ad) awel
(amd. ihawel un a i temgera n
ussg g ass-ad) lkem (amd. lkemen
waman tum in) ssfal (amd. ur ad
dar-s tessfalt inna as teskert) skra
(amd. iskra g -is u mmi ) skkurtu-
nn (amd. iskkurta-nn g-is u mmi )
ekk-nn dar (amd. ikka-nn dar-s u mmi
dar ma ica-ad)
move emotionally. Awi (amd. ur dar-s
yiwi wawal-ann lli as inna yat)
Iqqen/iga u ni taqqayt (amd. lli as
ssflelde iqqen yyi u ni taqqayt, imikk
ad alla ) sarkes (amd. isarkes yyi
lli yyi inna mad as i ý an) ama
(amd. i ama g-i ay-lli s yyi inna) bbi
tasa (amd. id is ur bbin tasa nnun?
Tazzanin-ad lli nn- arnin waman n Bu-
U az?) smdudi (amd. tasa nna ur
ismdudi yan yallan, ha-nn ur tt tega)
awel (amd. iawel yyi wawal lli s
inna) gger-nn (amd. igger yyi nn s
wawal lli s yyi inna) ez (amd. i ez
g-i wawal lli s yyi inna) ama (amd.
i ama g-i wawal lli yyi inna)
bqqama (amd. ibqqama g-i wawal g-i ay-
lli s yyi inna)
affected (adj.):
1.Influenced or touched by an external factor. Mu iawel/igger (amd. tumin mu
iawel ummi) ilkem (amd. tumin
ilkem ummi) dar nn-ikka (amd.
maica dar nn-ikka ummi ur nni rad
sul tega kra) f izri/ikka (amd. maica
f ikka ummi ur ad tesker yat!)
2.Artificial, pretentious, and designed
iatan/ibaan/iabuen (amd. argaz igan
bjgi) igan bu-bjgi (amd. argaz igan
bu-bjgi) bi-ibunien (amd. iga bi-
ibunien)
telu i!) talu i n tasa (amd. ur g-is
kra n talu i n tasa!) timeli (amd. ur
g-is kra n temeli!) amalu (amd. ur
ila kra n umal!) ta ui (amd. ur ila
kra n te ui ka!) timlli n ul (amd. ur
ila kra n temlli n ul ka!)
affirm (v.): eg d tidt/te ni (amd. iga d
tidt ay-lli s inna ixf n tenba t) sker
tidt (amd. isker tidt ay-lli s inna ixf n
tenba t) ssi in/ zzi in (amd.ay-
lli s as nni ha-ti rad s ti-d tssi in
tudert) sddi-d (amd. Bihi isdd