engr. hipolito a. leoncio chairman, electrical safety and...
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Republic Act 7920
An act providing for a more responsive and
comprehensive regulation for the practice,
licensing, and regulation of electrical engineers
and electricians
Philippine Electrical Code
The Philippine Electrical code is used nationally
as the basis for safeguarding persons, buildings
and its contents from hazards that may arise
from the use of electricity.
This code contains provisions which is
considered necessary for safety and thus is used
as basis for the legal enforcement agency in the
government regarding electrical installation
February 10, 2011 – MOA Signing for the 3-year Electrical
Safety Enforcement and Awareness (ESEA) Campaign Project
May 21, 2011 – Launching of ESEA at the Institute of Integrated
Electrical Engineers of the Philippines, Inc Head Office.
ESEA PROFILE
ESEA PROFILE
June 27, 2011 – President Aquino signed Proclamation No.
193 declaring the Month of May of every year thereof as the
Electrical Safety Month.
May 24, 2013 – Addendum to the MOA was signed at Taal Vista
Hotel, Tagaytay City. This is to continue the campaign on electrical
Safety
PRESIDENTIAL PROCLAMATION NO. 193
DECLARING THE MONTH OF MAY
OF EVERY YEAR AS THE
ELECTRICAL SAFETY MONTH
WHEREAS, many lives and
properties are lost due to fires
and electrocution
PRESIDENTIAL PROCLAMATION NO. 193
WHEREAS, most of these fires and incidents of electrocution are attributed to “faulty electrical wiring”
PRESIDENTIAL PROCLAMATION NO. 193
WHEREAS, economic losses
brought about by fires
contribute to reduced
productivity and therefore
affect the economy of the
country
PRESIDENTIAL PROCLAMATION NO. 193
WHEREAS, there is a real need
to increase public awareness on
electrical safety and educate our
people in the safe use of
electricity.
MISSION - To ensure ESEA is
properly enforced through
improving local inspectors’
capacity and to increase the
public’s awareness on electrical
safety.
ESEA PROFILE
ESEA PROFILE
VISION - To be a major campaign that leads the public towards an electrically safe environment.
ESEA PROFILE
Objectives
•designed to enhance the enforcement
of the Philippine Electrical Code
(PEC);
•provide capacity building to improve
the skills of local inspectors
• increase the awareness of and
educate the public on the importance
of electrical safety
ESEA PROFILE
• and strengthen the institutional cooperation between government and industry such as the local government units, developers, and contractors association, among others.
“Electrical Safety Starts With Me!” – ESEA Slogan
ESEA PROFILE
• and strengthen the institutional cooperation between government and industry such as the local government units, developers, and contractors association, among others.
“Electrical Safety Starts With Me!” – ESEA Slogan
PRIME ON ELECTRICAL INSPECTION FOR
RESIDENTIAL UNITS
This primer has followed the
footsteps of the IIEE Inspection
Guide, wherein the Institute has
tapped the electrical enforcing
authorities in order to come up with
a series of publications that is
designed to supplement the latest
Philippine Electrical Code edition
and Provide Guidance in applying
code provisions
THE PRIMER ON PHILIPPINE
ELECTRICAL CODE PART 1
This manual do not
wish to fully interpret
the Philippine Electrical
Code, but hopefully
attempts to
standardize the
inspection guidelines
all over the country,
and eventually foster a
culture of Electrical
Safety in the
workplaces.
ELECTRICAL SAFETY ENFORCEMENT AND
AWARENESS
This manual is
intended to inform
the general public
about the
importance of
Electrical Safety in
our daily lives.
ELECTRICAL SAFETY
KEY RESULT AREAS
Compliance with
National/Internationa
l Standards
Safety
Workmanship
Improve Power
Quality
Voltage Stability
Arrest Surges
Harmonics
Attain Flexibility
Reduce/Add Loads
Maintain Reliability
Interruption Frequency
Interruption Duration
Ensure Cost Effectiveness
Effective Budget Cost
Efficient Maintenance
Program/Enercon/man
Energy Savings
21
ELECTRICITY - THE DANGERS
About 5 workers are electrocuted every week
Causes 12% of young worker/people/ workplace deaths
Takes very little electricity to cause harm
Significant risk of causing fires
ELECTRICITY- THE DANGERS
38,437 Fires
recorded nationwide-
source BFP
Average of 19
reported daily
incidents
WHAT IS AN ELECTRICAL
INSPECTION & AUDIT?
An electrical audit is a thorough survey/ inspection, review and evaluation of an electrical system which is already in operation for several years.
WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF AN
ELECTRICAL INSPECTION & AUDIT?
The purpose of an electrical safety inspection or audit is to identify potentially hazardous electrical situations and provide corrective actions for these situation.
OBJECTIVES OF ELECTRICAL
INSPECTION & AUDIT - 1
# 1. Determine compliance of the electrical
system to electrical safety, viz-a-viz:
- Philippine Electrical Code (Part I & II)
- National Electrical Code
- NFPA 70E
- NFPA 70B
- OSHA 1910.331-335
- Other Electrical Codes (IEC)
OBJECTIVES OF AN ELECTRICAL
INSPECTION & AUDIT – 2,3,4
#2. Review and provide corrective actions for safe electrical work processes.
# 3. Review and provide corrective measures for electrical maintenance tools.
# 4. Identify efficient measures and potential cost savings through modifications/ improvements in the electrical system.
So what would be the
samples of electrical
violations or errors that you
should be mindful of when
you do your electrical
audit/ inspections?
1-A. ANOTHER CASE OF USING VERY HIGH RATING OF PROTECTION..
AS INSPECTED IN
2011, THE SIZE
OF THIS SERVICE
ENTRANCE
FEEDER IS 2 –
14 SQUARE MM
IN A PVC
CONDUIT, SO
THAT THE
ALLOWABLE
AMPACITY IS 70
AMPERES BUT
THE PROTECTION
IS 200-AMPERE
FUSES!
THE IIEE ESC/ESEA
VOLUNTEER TEAM IN 2012
REPLACED IT WITH 100-
AMPERE FUSES.
EX.2.D UNINTENTIONALLY CREATING STRAY
CURRENTS/ LOCALIZED HEATING . .
This was discovered just recently on a 40-storey tower elsewhere in a central business district in Metro Manila!
Note the same phase conductors in same RS Conduit. How could the site electrical engineer and/or electrical foreman made the oversight!
3. INADEQUATE EQUIPMENT GROUNDING . .
WHAT WOULD BE
THE MAXIMUM
GROUNDING
RESISTANCE?
IS IT 25 OHMS?
5 OHMS?
1 OHM?
THE LOWER THE
VALUE, THE
SAFER!
WHY?
GROUND FAULT
CURRENT SEEKS
THE PATH OF
LOWER
RESISTANCE.
12. FAILURE TO TEST COMPLETELY BEFORE ENERGIZATION AFTER A PROLONGED SHUTDOWN OF A SWITCHGEAR, A
DANGEROUS ARC FLASH FAULT BETWEEN PHASES MAY
RESULT AFTER ENERGIZATION OF THE BUS BARS!
THIS MAY HAPPEN WHEN THERE IS A FAILURE TO DETERMINE THE
INSULATION RESISTANCE OF THE ENCLOSED BUS BARS.
AFTER A PROLONGED SHUTDOWN ON A HUMID DAY,
MOISTURE MAY OCCUR DUE TO CONDENSATION INSIDE THE
SWITCHGEAR.
WARNING: ALWAYS MEGGER TEST CIRCUIT BREAKERS, BUS
BARS, CABLE FEEDERS BEFORE ENERGIZATION!
THE HIGHER THE MEGGER READING, THE SAFER!
15. NOT USING SEAL FITTINGS IN HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS…
NOTE THAT THERE ARE NO
TYPE “EYS” CONDULET SEAL
FITTINGS ON THE CONDUITS
WITHIN 150MM FROM THE
SWITCH BOXES.
IN CLASSIFIED LOCATIONS,
THE CONDUIT SEAL WOULD
PREVENT THE ENTRY OF
FLAMABLE GASES OR VAPORS
TO THE SWITCHES WHICH ARE
POSSIBLE SOURCES OF A
SPARK.
19. TEMPORARY WIRING ALLOWED TO BECOME TEMPORARY-PERMANENT
THE FLYING WIRES/CABLES WHICH
INCLUDE POWER & COMMUNICA-
TION LINES ARE INSTALLED
TEMPORARILY.. UNTIL AN UNTOWARD
INCIDENT HAPPEN AGGRAVATING
MATTERS – ACCIDENTS.
15. NOT USING SEAL FITTINGS IN HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS…
NOTE THAT THERE ARE NO
TYPE “EYS” CONDULET SEAL
FITTINGS ON THE CONDUITS
WITHIN 150MM FROM THE
SWITCH BOXES.
IN CLASSIFIED LOCATIONS,
THE CONDUIT SEAL WOULD
PREVENT THE ENTRY OF
FLAMABLE GASES OR VAPORS
TO THE SWITCHES WHICH ARE
POSSIBLE SOURCES OF A
SPARK.
19. TEMPORARY WIRING ALLOWED TO BECOME TEMPORARY-PERMANENT
THE FLYING WIRES/CABLES WHICH
INCLUDE POWER & COMMUNICA-
TION LINES ARE INSTALLED
TEMPORARILY.. UNTIL AN UNTOWARD
INCIDENT HAPPEN AGGRAVATING
MATTERS – ACCIDENTS.
21.LACK OF SAFETY SENSE…
NOTICE THE SERVICE
ENTRANCE WIRES, NO
ENTRANCE CAP OR
DRIP LOOP – THIS
ALLOWS WATER TO
ENTER CONDUIT AND
MAY EVEN REACH
PANELBOARD INSIDE,
CAUSE DAMAGE, OR
GROUND FAULT. THERE
IS ALSO NO GROUND
WIRE.
24.NOT USING BOLT-ON TYPE MAINS
THE 60A PANEL MAIN CBS ARE PLUG-IN TYPE, SHOULD BE BOLT-ON TYPE..
THE PLUG-IN MAINS WILL
RESULT TO LOOSE CONNECTION,
LOCALIZE HEATING..
26. LACK OF MAINTENANCE
1. REGULAR
CLEANING
REQUIRED.
1. CABLE
TERMINATIONS
ARE
VIOLATIONS.
1. COLOR CODING
OF WIRES
MUST BE
FOLLOWED.
30. JUNCTION BOX COVER MISSING ..
THE ABSENCE OF THE
COVER FOR THE
JUNCTION BOX EXPOSES
THE CONDUCTORS NOT
ONLY TO WATER BUT
ALSO TO THE ULTRA-
VIOLET (UV) RAYS OF THE
SUN, CAUSING THE
DETERIORATION OF THE
INSULATION OF THE
CONDUCTORS FASTER.
32. PANEL COVER & POWER CBS NOT FITTED PROPERLY…
In a big manufacturing plant,
during the retrofitting or
replacement of the main circuit
breaker of the Low Voltage
Switchgear, the panel opening is
so big where in there is a large
clearance between the front face
of new power breaker and the
panel opening. This may allow
foreign bodies such as dust, and
even live creatures to possibly
enter inside the switchgear and
cause a shutdown. A control wire
is even left not tied properly.
33. OLD FUSED DISCONNECTS STILL IN USE?
The use of old fused
disconnect switches
where in the load side
feeder wires are too small
in their ampacities as
matched to the rating of
the fuses. The fuses may
protect the small wires
from high magnitude
short circuit current but
not on an overload
current or during a low
magnitude line-to-ground
fault. These installations
must be replaced with
bus bar type panel board
of power distribution to
various load circuits.
35. CABLES NOT PROVIDED W/ RACEWAYS..
Would you believe that
this kind of cable
installation still exists?
If you are the electrical
practitioner assigned to
supervise the electrical
works, how would you
have provided for a
better job?
By providing flexible
metallic conduits?
By a cable duct?
Or by extending the
cable trench?
35. POOR VENTILATION FOR HEAT
GENERATING EQUIPMENT THE TRANSFORMER BELOW WHICH WAS INSTALLED INSIDE A CABINET
THAT IS NOT ADEQUATELY VENTILATED OR NOT PROVIDED WITH LOUVERS
SHOWS SIGNS OF EXCESSIVE HEAT BEING DISSIPATED. IT WAS SOON
DAMAGED.
AS-BUILT PLANS After your thorough electrical inspection & audit,
you will now prepare/ update your electrical drawings:
* Lighting Layouts * Power Layouts * Panel Arrangements * Single Line Diagram/ Riser Diagram
* Load Schedules and Computations * Service Entrance * Substation * Meter Center * Grounding
system * Lightning Protection system * Other electrical details of the electrical system
Note down all observations of non-compliance/ Code violations, unsafe situations, inefficient
system/ equipment, etc…
Electrical
Unknown/Others
Open Flames/Cooking
Combustion/Bonfire
Cigarette Butts/
Smoking
Origin/Causes 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 TOTAL
FIRE OCCURRENCE NATIONWIDE
(2005-2010)
2249 2087 2300 2532 2333 2616 14,117
2334 1871 2485 3395 1966 2324 14,375
1598 1144 1726 2285 997 1280 9,030
710 538 1094 1592 392 540 4,866
324 257 349 355 132 199 1,616
Electrical 2249 2087 2300 2532 2333 2616 14,117
TOTAL
Unkown/Others
34%
Combustion/Heat/ Bonfire
8%
Electrical
33%Fireworks/Explosives/Spar
k
1%
LPG (Tanks, Stove)
3%
Flammable Liquids
2%
Openflames/
Cooking
17%
Cigarette Butts/Smoking
2%
Comparative Report on Fire Suppression Nationwide
(January to September 2010)
1,942
1,962
981
BIG FIRES: CAUSES?
Manor Hotel Fire
Location : Kamias Road, Quezon City
Date/Time : 18 0412H August 2001
Cause of Fire: Electrical Short Circuit
Casualty : 75 persons
Injured : 73 Persons
Est. Damages:
The Fire was put under control in one hour and 16 minutes after the
first firetruck has arrived. Most of the fatalities died of suffocation.
Electrical Short Circuit
Ozone Disco Fire
Location : 57-A Timog Ave., Quezon City
Date/Time : 19 2405H March 1996
Cause of Fire: Electrical Malfunction (overloading)
Casualty : 162 persons
Injured : 100 persons m/l
Est. Damages: 15 Million m/l
Electrical Malfunction
(overloading)