engr40 – clean energy technology course overview
DESCRIPTION
overview lecture for ENGR40 Introduction to Clean Energy TechnologyTRANSCRIPT
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ENGR40 – Clean Energy Course Introduction
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Overview
• Course goals• How we got here
– Fossil fuel dependence
• Consequences of inaction– Economic, energy security, environment
• Technology solutions• Systems and wedges• Takeaways => insights and skills
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Course Goals
• Understand the nature of global energy technology, systems, economics => today
• Understand the drivers for change
• Evaluate / design clean energy solutions
• Recognize power system technology
• Perform basic energy audit/benchmarking– Take the first step to becoming an energy
professional => training for an ESCO
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How we got here…
• From agrarian to the industrial age– wood => charcoal => coal => oil => gas– energy was abundant, cheap, easy to get to
• Significant population rise 1750 to 2000
• Significant rise in wealth and energy use
• Dependence on fossil fuels (80% primary)
• We are out growing hunter-gatherer model
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Income and Energy Use
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_energy_consumption
Projected World Energy Use
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Consequences of Inaction
• Peak (conventional) oil production– Price spikes, supply interruption, recession
• GHG interactions– Radiative forcing and ocean acidification
• Resource wars – Military intervention and geopolitics
• Continued investment in old models– Hunter-gatherer dependence on fossil fuels
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Rise in Carbon Emissions
http://www.globalwarmingart.com/wiki/Image:Global_Carbon_Emission_by_Type_png)
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change
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Vostok Ice Core Data•A perfect correlation between CO2, temperature, and sea level•For every one ppm CO2, sea level rises 1 meter, temp rises .05 C (global)•Process takes 100 years to add 1 ppm CO2, and reach thermal equilibrium
This is not just a correlation, this is a complex and dynamic process, with multiple inputs. Touching one input affects all other inputs, and increases in temperature becomes a further feedback and multiplier of these inputs.
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Drivers for Clean Energy
• Economic– Price stability / predictability– Balance of payments (trade)
• Environmental– Water, air, soil (extraction and combustion)– GHG / carbon cycle interactions
• Energy Security– Predictable and assured supply
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Technology Solutions
• ‘Renewable Energy’ (RE)– Solar PV and CSP, Wind, and Geothermal
• Transportation solutions– EVs, advanced biofuels, high efficiency ICE
• Building energy and electrical efficiency• Energy storage and conversion• Smart grid (DG/MG) infrastructure• Nuclear technology (III/IV)
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Quadrants of Technology
• Renewables– Solar– Wind– Geothermal
• Transportation– Efficiency (mpg)– EV technology– Charging network
• Advanced biofuels– Cellulosic ethanol– Algal (biodiesel / JP4)– Yeast (petroleum)
• Smart energy– Energy efficiency– Smart Grid (AMI)– Active management
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MIT Wedge Model
• Carbon Mitigation Initiative (Princeton) stabilization (wedge) concept (game)
• http://cmi.princeton.edu/wedges/
• 15 technology solutions to achieve significant GHG reduction by 2050
• Each wedge lowers GHGs by 1B tons
• Independent solutions approach– Doesn’t require synergy / technology
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Stabilization Path to 2050
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Systems Thinking
• Electron Economy model– Integrated energy services
• Electricity holarchy / application platform
• Systemic energy principles– Clean generation, smart distribution, and
efficient end use (GE ecomagination®)
• Integrated energy design model– Buildings, industrial process, transportation
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NASA Sustainability Base
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Concentrating Solar Power
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Ridesharing Culture
Social technology for a world with fewer cars, less petroleum, and a genuine desire to collaborate
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Impediment to Change
• Fossil fuel is institutionalized– Carbon economy and political lobby
• Energy systems are based on ‘heat’– Legacy of steam engines prevails today
• Electricity (EVs) and RE are ‘alternative’– Need to develop mainstream ‘electron’ mindset
• Biofuels face a scaling problem
• GHG forcing models not fully understood
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Course Takeaways
1. We are really in crisis => economic, resource, environment. Hunter-gather model is broken.
2. Fossil fuel dependence is a choice, it is an ‘addiction’, and we can choose a new path.
3. We have the technology to make this transition => building blocks of a clean energy system.
4. It takes time to change and implement => we need to start immediately to reach key goals.
5. Failure to act could be disastrous => catastrophic6. A clean energy future enables real prosperity
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Assignments / Projects
• Weekly (short) writing assignments
• Current events (sharing)
• Take home exercises (calculations)
• Midterm (concepts and vocabulary use)
• Final project / writing assignment– Hands-on building / community project– Energy system analysis / design
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Summary
• Course provides an overview of modern energy systems, and the current ‘situation’
• Introduces clean energy technology, (RE) Renewable Energy, and how each works
• Systems thinking is essential in design and implementation to meet key goals
• There are numerous/key challenges and careers that need your engineering skills!
Let’s get started and make this happen!
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Contact Information• Robert D. Cormia
– [email protected] – Office 4131 650.949.7456
• Jamie F. Orr– [email protected]– Adjunct office / phone contact
• http://fgamedia.org/faculty/rdcormia/ENGR40
• Lecture meets Tuesday from 6 to 9ish
• Lab meets Tuesday from 1:30 to 4:30