enhance your - boxhsc.usf.edu/nr/rdonlyres/0907ec48-4135-4c91-8188-e84c0e2... · 2020. 7. 12. ·...
TRANSCRIPT
Enhance Your
Success as a
Published Author
Jane Carver
Jan 23, 2014
Why Write?
Educational requirement
Advance your institution
Educate others
Increase competitiveness for funding
Gain recognition
Achieve promotion
Why Write?
“I would urge you to write not because it is a
good thing, not because it is nice to see
your name in print, but rather because you
will really get to know a field only if you
contribute to it.”
Mahoney MJ, Psychology of the Scientist, 1979
What to Write
Original research
Case report
Letter to editor
Commentary
Reflective writing
Editorial
Review article
Book chapter
Book or chapter review
Always Be Writing
Always have a “work in progress” on
your desk
– New projects
– Revisions
Keep up with the literature
Save examples of good writing
– Organization, layout
– Tables and graphs
– Statistics
Use templates of previous manuscripts – Don’t self-plagiarize!
JPMed.2013.0302-Decision Rejection without Peer Review
Dear Dr. X:
Thank you again for submitting your manuscript entitled "X" to Journal of Perinatal
Medicine (JPMED).
I have carefully read your article and we checked the similarity index. The
automatic plagiarism check of your article discovered that the overall similarity
index percentage is high. I therefore decided not to initiate the peer review
process.
I regret that I cannot accept your manuscript for publication in JPMED. This
decision must be regarded as final.
Thank you for considering JPMED for publication of your research. I hope the
outcome of this specific submission will not discourage you from submission of
future manuscripts.
Kind regards
Dr. Joachim W. Dudenhausen FRCOG
Professor of Obstetrics
Editor-in-Chief, Journal of Perinatal Medicine
Set aside protected time each week
Identify most productive time
Create a suitable environment
Develop a publication plan before you start
– Timetables and deadlines
– Authorship
Authorship
Wren et al., EMBO reports, 8:988, 2007
Authorship
Number, order and responsibilities of each
author should be agreed upon before
starting your project
– Part of your publication plan
Include author list on first page of first draft
Author Order
Levels of participation
First author (primary)
Last author (senior or supervisory)
Second author (contributing)
Baerlocher et al., J Invest Med 2007
ICMJE: Authorship
1. Substantial contributions to conception,
design, or acquisition of data, or analysis and
interpretation of data, AND
2. Drafting or critically revising article for
important intellectual content, AND
3. Final approval of version to be published, AND
4. Agreement to be accountable for all aspects
of the work in ensuring that questions related to
the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work
are appropriately investigated and resolved
ICMJE: Authorship
Not justified: acquisition of funding, data
collection, general supervision
All designated should qualify and all who
qualify should be listed
Should have participated enough to take
public responsibility for appropriate portions
Large, multi-center groups guarantors
Authorship Abuses
Promiscuous authorship
– Coercion
– Honorary, guest or gift
Ghost authorship
Denial
Strange K. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 295:C567, 2008
Acknowledgements
• Contributors who don’t meet authorship
criteria Technical help, writing assistance, department
chair
• Financial or material support
• “Participating investigators”, “scientific advisors,”
“provided and cared for study patients”
Obtain written permission
Authorship
Keep your authorship name consistent
Use middle initial
– Pubmed hits w/ and w/o middle initial:
• carver j 376
• carver jd 36
Avoid hyphenated or other surname
format
Use Standardized Formats and
Published Guidelines
IMRaD: Introduction, Methods, Results
and Discussion
CONSORT, Equator, MIBBI, GPP2
guidelines
Common Reasons for Acceptance
Importance or timeliness of the problem
studied
Well-designed study
Well-written
Common Reasons for Rejection
Poorly written
Poor experimental design
No clear hypothesis/objective
Statistics
– Sample size too small or biased
Sample size calculations!
– Inappropriate or incomplete statistics
“To consult the statistician after an experiment
is finished is often merely to ask him to conduct
a post mortem examination. He can perhaps
say what the experiment died of.”
Sir Ronald Fisher, 1890-1962
Consult a statistician before you start your study!!
Common Reasons for Rejection
Incomplete or outdated literature
review
Insufficient data presented to support
conclusions
Not appropriate for chosen journal
Choose the Right Journal – and
Choose it Before You Write
Who is the target audience
– Clinicians, investigators, both?
– Specialists or generalists?
How do I intend to reach them?
– Electronic, print media or both?
– Pay-per-view or open-access?
Institutional considerations
– Non-indexed journal promotion?
Choose the Right Journal
How soon do I want/need it to be published?
Submission/Publication costs?
– Submission, page charges, color figures,
supplemental data, public access fee
Supplemental data?
Negative data of specialized interest?
– www.mpip-initiative.org
Choose the Right Journal
Review bibliography/directories to find
journals that have published similar papers
– PubMed, Directory of Open Access Journals
Review Instructions to Authors
– Length restrictions, types of articles typically
published
Consider Journal Impact Factor
Total # citations to everything published in Pediatrics
2009 + 2010
divided by
Total # articles published in Pediatrics
2009 + 2010
Example: 2011, Pediatrics
2011 Impact Factors
All Journals
RANK JOURNAL IMPACT
FACTOR
#
ARTICLES
1 CA-Cancer J Clin 102 19
2 New Engl J Med 53 349
3 Annu Rev Immunol 53 23
4 Rev Mod Phys 44 38
5 Chem Rev 40 196
2011 Impact Factors
Pediatrics
RANK JOURNAL IMPACT
FACTOR
#
ARTICLES
1 J Am Acad Child Psy 6.4 99
2 Pediatrics 5.4 698
3 Arch Pediat Adol Med 4.1 144
4 J Pediatr 4.1 319
5 Dev Disabil Res Rev 4.0
Finding Journal Evaluation
Measures
Shimberg Library
All eResources
–Web of Knowledge –Journal Citation Reports (header)
Getting started
Make sure your objective is clear
Summarize the message
– Single overriding communication objective
– Make sure your co-authors agree!
– Describe it outloud
– Version control
• Keep copies of all versions
Blank Page Panic
Suggested order:
– Methods
– Results
– Discussion
– Introduction
Keep Focused on the Message
Clearly define the research question or
hypothesis
What is your response to the research
question?
How does your response compare with
that of others?
What are the implications?
– New paradigm, clinical approach
The Manuscript Draft
It’s OK if it’s too long and not polished
Review data for errors
Put it aside revise
Have co-authors, colleagues/friends review
– English second language?
Review instructions to authors
Spell check
– Use the “add to dictionary” feature
Beware the Spellcheck!
To rite with care is quite a feet
Of witch won should bee proud
And wee mussed dew the best wee can
Sew flaw’s are knot aloud
AMWA Journal, 23:88, 2008
The Manuscript Draft
Review references
– Up to 30% misquoted
– Use a referencing program
– Use references from journal submitting to
– Don’t leave out references from potential
reviewers
Revise and Revise Again
“The important thing is not writing, but
rewriting.” Lester King, JAMA editor
Pre-Submission Inquiry
Streamlines the submission/review process
Suitable for the journal?
Suggest a more suitable journal?
Useful for :
– Time-sensitive study
– Unusual circumstances
Cultivates close working relationship with
editor – PLOS Medicine: “It is essential that authors submit a presubmission
inquiry before submitting a full paper. Presubmission inquiries allow
authors to quickly find out whether their paper is likely to be broadly
suitable for PLOS Medicine”.
The Cover Letter – Sell the Product!
What is the purpose of the study?
Why is it important?
How does it relate to existing literature?
Mention any prior communications
Peer Review
Write with peer review in mind
Instructions to Reviewers
Pediatrics
Is this manuscript important or trivial?
Is it redundant or new?
Is it relevant to clinicians, or only to those
involved in research?
Is it of interest to a limited number of sub-
specialists?
Have you reviewed the statistics?
Peer Review
1. Accept with no revisions (rare!)
2. Accept with minor modifications
3. Accept only after major revision and
further review
4. Reject
5. Suitable for another journal
Accept/Reconsider
with Revisions
Accept/Reconsider with Revisions
Carefully consider each of the reviewer
comments with your co-authors
Decide which revisions should be made
Justify – politely – why you reject
suggestions
Reject
Appeal?
Carefully consider each of the reviewer
comments with your co-authors
Decide which revisions should be made
You may get the same reviewer(s) next
time, and they don’t appreciate having their
suggestions ignored!
Unqualified Rejection
Reformat and submit to another journal
the next day
– Use a referencing program
Revise and Re-submit
“Manuscripts are unlikely to get much better
sitting on one’s desk.”
El-Serag, HB, 2006
After your paper is accepted
Technical Editing
There are no perfect manuscripts
Instructions to authors not followed
Referencing errors
Language use errors
“House style”
– Statistics
– Repetition of data
– British vs American
The Proofs
The author is responsible for ensuring that the final edited copy is correct
Clinical Trials Must Be Registered
ICMJE member journal will only publish
results of clinical trials that have been
registered
Clinical Trial Registration
Goals:
– Prevent selective reporting of data
– Ensure that everyone can find key
information about ALL trials that shape
medical decision-making
decisions about changes in are must
be based on ALL the evidence
Obligation to Register Clinical Trials
Definition: any research project that
prospectively assigns human subjects
to intervention or comparison groups to
study the cause-and-effect relationship
between a medical intervention and a
health outcome
Includes: drugs, surgical procedures
devices, behavioral treatments, process-of
care changes, etc.
Clinical Trial Registration
Must be registered before enrollment
of first patient
Applies to trials that started recruiting
July 1, 2005
Accessible to public at no charge
Open to all and managed by not-for-profit organization
Clinical Trial Registration
Minimum Data Elements include:
– Title
– Funding sources
– Contact people
– Condition studied
– Intervention
– Inclusion/exclusion criteria
– Study type
– Sample size
– Outcomes
Common Problems in Medical
Writing
Complex Language
“Academics seldom use one word when they
can use three.”
“They seldom use a short word if they can
find a nice long one.”
Robert Day, The Scientist, January 20, 1997
Empty Phrases
A majority of Most
At this point in time Now
Despite the fact that Although
In the event that If
During the course of During
Has the capability of Can
As well as And
Empty Phrases
As a consequence of
Due to the fact that
On account of
Owing to the fact that
In view of the fact that
Because
Redundant Phrases
• It was interesting that…..
• ….has been shown to…..
• It is well known that……
• It has been reported that…..
• Indeed….
Misplaced Modifiers
Only medication can ease the pain
Medication can only ease the pain
Medication can ease only the pain
Punctuation
Punctuation
Woman without her man is nothing.
Woman; without her, man is nothing.
Let’s eat, Grandpa.
Let’s eat Grandpa.
Punctuation “There is not much to say about the period,
except that most writers don’t reach it
soon enough.”
Unclear Pronouns
Children are born with billions of neurons in
their brains, but in order for them to be
connected properly they need to be
touched and talked to extensively by their
parents.
Laboratory animals are not susceptible to
these diseases, so research on them is
hampered.
I did not have time to write you a
short letter, so I wrote you a long
one instead.
Pascal
The Goal: Clear and Concise!
Data regarding patient weight gain was
recorded during the course of the study.
Data regarding patient weight gain was
recorded during the course of the study.
Patient weight gain was recorded during
the study.
A measurement of blood flow velocity was
made on day 5.
A measurement of blood flow velocity was
made on day 5.
Blood flow velocity was measured on day
5.
Feeding intolerance is a commonly
encountered problem in preterm infants.
Feeding intolerance is a commonly
encountered problem in preterm infants.
Feeding intolerance is common in preterm
infants.
All data included in the study were de-identified before they were analyzed.
All data included in the study were de-identified before they were analyzed.
All data were de-identified prior to analysis.
Located in Tampa, Florida covering 2.4 million
people in the metro region and located in the
fourth most populous state, USF serves a diverse
patient population employed in university
research, international trade, the space industry,
agriculture, construction, health technology and
software, and is fast ascending in the ranks of the
premier public research universities in the United
States.
Resources
On-line version available
at Shimberg Library
American British
On-Line Resources
Shimberg Library
– Hardin Medical Directory
Stedmansonline.com/reference
Bartleby.com
– Roget’s Thesauri
– Strunk’s Elements of Style
– Gray’s Anatomy
On-Line Resources
Citing Medicine: The NLM Style Guide for Authors, Editors and Publishers (2007)
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7256/
– Published
– Unpublished
– Audio visual media
– CD-ROM, DVDs
– Internet Materials
– Other
Guidelines for specific types of
studies
CONSORT
(Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials)
www.consort-statement.org
Evidence-based, minimum set of
recommendations for reporting RCTs
22 item checklist
www.equator-network.org
Equator Network: Reporting Guidelines
CONSORT
Observational Studies
in Epidemiology
Systematic Review
Meta-Analyses
Diagnostic Accuracy
Qualitative Research
Quality Improvement
Health Economic
Evaluation
Clinical Case
Reporting
Statistical Reporting
www.equator-network.org
Minimum Information for Biological and
Biomedical Investigations (MIBBI)
http://mibbi.sourceforge.net
Cellular assays
Microarray experiments
Protein affinity reagent
Proteomics experiment
T cell assays
Flow cytometry experiment
fMRI study
FISH
Marker gene sequence
Good Publication Practice:
GPP2 Guidelines
http://www.ismpp.org/assets/docs/Initiatives/GPP2/gpp_2_2009.pdf
Pediatrics Faculty Development
Writing assistance
Editing services
Seminars and workshops
Writing is easy. You just sit down at the
typewriter, open up a vein and bleed it out
drop by drop.
“Red” Smith
GOOD LUCK
WITH YOUR
WRITING!