The Enlightenment and the American Revolution

Philosophy in the Age of Reason

• How did scientific progress promote trust in human reason?

• How did the social contract and separation of powers affect views on government?

• How did new ideas affect society and the economy?

Vocabulary

• Natural laws• Social contract• Natural rights• Philosophe• Physiocrat• Laissez faire

Thinker Works and IdeasThomas Hobbes

John Locke

Baron de Montesquieu *

Voltaire *

Denis Diderot *

Jean-Jacques Rousseau *

Mary Wollstonecraft

Adam Smith *

Enlightenment Ideas Spread

• What roles did censorship and salons play in the spread of new ideas?

• How did philosophes influence enlightened despots?

• How did the Enlightenment affect arts and literature?

• Why were the lives of the majority unaffected?

Vocabulary

• Censorship • Salon• Enlightened despot• Baroque• rococo

• Frederick the Great- King of Prussia

• Catherine the Great- Empress of Russia

• Joseph II- Hapsburg Emperor

Rembrandt

The Night Watch

Self-Portrait

Baroque Art• Diego Velasquez• Bernini• Peter Paul Rubens• Rembrandt

Pope Innocent X

Diego Velázquez

Las meninas

Ecstasy of Saint Teresa Fountain of the Four Rivers

Bernini

Equestrian Portrait of the Duke of Lerma

The Judgment of Paris

Peter Paul Rubens

Rococo Stylepainting and decoration characterized by lightness,

delicacy, and elaborate ornamentation

Marie-Antoinette and her ChildrenThe Village Bride

The Embarkation for the Island of Cythera

Chardin: Grace at Table

Grand Salon, Hôtel de Roquelaure

Rococo Commode

Artist Works

Johann Sebastian Bach

George Frederick Handel

Amadeus Mozart

Daniel Defoe

Britain at Mid-Century

• What influences spurred Britain’s rise to global power?

• How did the growth of constitutional government reflect conditions in politics and society?

• How did George III reassert royal power?

Vocabulary

• Constitutional government• Cabinet• Prime minister• Oligarchy

Constitutional Government

Political Parties• Tories landed aristocrats

who sought to preserve older traditions

• Whigs backs the policies of the Glorious Revolution

• Cabinet made up of leaders in House of Commons

• Prime Minister – head of the cabinet

George III

• Set out to restore royal power

• Wanted to end Whig domination

• Taxed colonies to defend themselves

• Cabinet ruled restored after the defeat in the American Revolution

Birth of the American Republic

• What were the chief characteristics of the 13 English Colonies?

• How did growing discontent lead to the American Revolution?

• How did the new constitution reflect the ideas of the Enlightenment?

Vocabulary

• Popular sovereignty

• Loyalist• Federal republic

The 13 Colonies

• American Revolution– French Alliance– Benjamin Franklin– Treaty of Paris 1781

• Constitution– Thomas Jefferson– George Washington