Enlightenment Spreads

Ms. Ramos

http://www.clipartpal.com/clipart/school/schooldesk_266895.html

Why would the Churches and

monarchs try to stop the spread

of ideas with censorship?

Ms. Ramos

http://www.clipartpal.com/clipart/school/schooldesk_266895.html

Why would the Churches and monarchs try to stop the spread of ideas with censorship?

Because they challenged their authority!

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NovelsSalons

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http://www.staugustine.net/persian%20letters.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Candide1759.jpg

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A Parisian Salon

http://www.pptpalooza.net/

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Madame Geoffrin’s Salon

http://www.pptpalooza.net/Ms. Ramos

The Salonnieres

Madame GeoffrinMadame Geoffrin(1699-1777)(1699-1777)

MademoiselleMademoiselleJulie de LespinasseJulie de Lespinasse

(1732*-1776)(1732*-1776)

MadameMadameSuzanne NeckerSuzanne Necker

(1739-1794)(1739-1794)

http://www.pptpalooza.net/

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An Increase in Reading

http://www.pptpalooza.net/

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Other Female Salons

► Wealthy Jewish women created Wealthy Jewish women created nine of the fourteen salons in nine of the fourteen salons in Berlin.Berlin.

► In Warsaw, Princess Zofia In Warsaw, Princess Zofia Czartoryska gathered around Czartoryska gathered around her the reform leaders of her the reform leaders of Poland-Lithuania.Poland-Lithuania.

► Middle-class women in London Middle-class women in London used their salons to raise money used their salons to raise money to publish women’s writings.to publish women’s writings. Ms. Ramos

Art & Lit Reflect New IdeasPainters: lighter & more informal rococo style

Composers: classical & rococo

Lit: novel -long stories about their own times

Ms. RamosMs. Ramos

Baroque Art

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rubens_Adoration.jpgMs. Ramos

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baroque

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Trevi_Fountain,_Rome,_Italy_2_-_May_2007.jpg

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Estasi_di_Santa_Teresa.jpg

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Roccoco

http://www.essential-architecture.com/STYLE/250px-BoucherRococo.jpgMs. Ramos

Music

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Sebastian_Bach

Bach

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Frideric_Handel

Handel

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart

Mozart

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Despots Embrace New IdeasSome absolute rulers of the

time adopted limited reformsReligious toleranceMonarchs were not willing to

share their power

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The spirit of optimism quickly spread throughout Europe. A few monarchs became enlightened despots, changing their systems of government and ruling according to Enlightenment ideas.

• Frederick II, had duty to rule with absolute power

• Also strongly influenced by ideas of Voltaire

• Built powerful military, introduced reforms

Prussia• Elementary

education for all children

• Abolished torture

• Supported most forms of religious tolerance

• Reduced censorship

Reforms • No religious

tolerance for Jews

• Opposed serfdom, did not abolish

• Did not make reforms to achieve justice but to make own rule more powerful

Limitations

Enlightenment Ideas Spread

Ms. Ramos

Russia

• Catherine II became ruler, 1762• Dreamed of establishing order, justice, supporting education,

culture• Read works of, corresponded with Voltaire, Diderot

Limitations

• Intended to free serfs, but would lose support of wealthy landowners• Catherine had no intention of giving up power• Became tyrant, imposed serfdom on more Russians than ever before

Reforms

• Drafted Russian constitution, code of laws• Considered too liberal, never put into practice

Enlightenment Ideas Spread

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Enlightenment Ideas SpreadMost radical enlightened despot, Austria

Joseph II, became emperor 1780

Ambitious reform program

Eliminated torture, death penalty

Provided free food, medicine for poor

Granted religious tolerance to Protestants and Jews

Abolished serfdom, laborers to be paid

Changes resisted by nobility, church Ms. Ramos

DespotsCatherine the Great

Joseph II

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor

Frederick th

e Great

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_II_of_Prussia

http://www.internetstones.com/image-files/catherine-the-great-empress-of-russia.jpg

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Challenged Beliefs• Writers, philosophers questioned ideas long held as absolute truth• Challenged beliefs in absolute monarchies• Questioned relationship between church and sate• Debated rules and rights of people in society• Promoted ideas reformers and revolutionaries would later use to

change society

• Belief in progress spurred many to enact reforms

• Believed reason could solve any problem, debated ways to make society more just

• Did not accept poverty, ignorance, inequality as facts of life

Reforms • Ideas about power, authority

inspired reforms and revolutions

• American colonists inspired to break free from British monarchy

• Colonists strongly influenced by political views of Locke, Rousseau

Revolutions

Enlightenment Ideas Spread

Draw Conclusions

How successful were the reforms of the enlightened

despots?Answer(s): They were successful but limited by political opposition.

Majority slowly changes

Late 1700s Enlightenment reaches peasants

Ideas w/ war and economic troubles brings revolt

Ms. Ramos