ensayo final desarrollo economico 2 referenciado 1

Upload: luis-c-toro

Post on 07-Aug-2018

216 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

  • 8/20/2019 Ensayo Final Desarrollo Economico 2 Referenciado 1

    1/31

    LUCES Y SOMBRAS DE LA REFORMA DE AMERICA LATINA

    PRESENTADO POR:

    JOHAN DANIEL ERIRAMAIRA YAMILE GOMAJOA

    LUIS CARLOS TORO

    DIEGO ARMANDO LASSO

    CARLOS SEBASTAN APRAEZ

    PRESENTADO A:

    JOSE ARMANDO PATIÑO

    UNIVERSIDAD DE NARIÑOFACULTAD DE CIENCIAS ECONOMICAS, ADMINISTRATIVAS Y CONTABLES

    ECONOMIA VI SEMESTREDESARROLLO ECONOMICO II

    SAN JUAN DE PASTO2015

    INTRODUCCION

  • 8/20/2019 Ensayo Final Desarrollo Economico 2 Referenciado 1

    2/31

    An! "# $%&'('"')#) )! (*&+# %(-!'.%& +%/% +!+'/'!n% )!%""% !+%n/'+% !&

    !.')!n! "# "*+# +%n&#n! !n! "%& $#3&!& )!" SUR +%/% )!" NORTE !n4%+#)%& #+'# "#

    "'(!#"'#+'n )! "%& /!+#)%& +%/% /!)'% $## #6*!""%& %(-!'.%& , #%# ('!n #6*!""#&

    /!)')#& "'(!#"!& )!%""#%n 4#+!& !n "#& +*#"!& &! !7$!'/!n#%n !&*"#)%&

    +%n#$%)*+!n!& # n'.!" !+%n/'+%, &%+'#" "% +*#" '/$#+% )'!+#/!n! !n "%& 3n)'+!&

    )! ('!n!&# &%+'#" # .!+!& n'.!"!& /8& (#-%& 6*! #n!& )! "# "'(!#"'#+'n !+%n/'+# "%

    +*#" !# $!)!+'("! # 6*! #6*!""#& n!%"'(!#"!& n% 4*!%n #$"'+#)#& )! /#n!#

    %/%9n!# !n +#)# $#3& "#'n%#/!'+#n% #)!/8& !n'!n)% !n +*!n# 6*! #6*!""#&

    /!)')#& 4*!%n +#&' %("'9#%'#& $## #6*!" $#3& 6*! n!+!&'! *n +)'% # n'.!"

    'n!n#+'%n#" ; #/('n !" $%("!/# )! "# )!&'9*#")#) !n C%"%/('#, !"#+'%n#)%

    !&!+#/!n! +%n !" )!%""% !" &*()!%""%, !& #$%#)% !n !" !&*)'% )!"

    !+%n%/'&# 4#n+& /8& 'n4"*!n! %: T%/#& P'"'(%> E" +#$'#" !n !" &'9"%

    ==I >, $*("'+#)% !n 201?, 6*! !& *n# %(# 6*! # +*)')% &'9n'4'+#'.#/!n! !" /#+% )!

    "# !+%n%/3# $%"3'+# #+*#" !n %)% !" /*n)% 6*! #/('n !4"!-# "# 9#.!)#) /#9n'*) !n

    !" !7*(!#n! )'4!!n+'# !n! "# '6*!# )! *n%& $%+%& "# 4#"# )! /*+%&@ P% %% "#)%,

    !&! #(#-% #/('n +%n'!n! *n #n8"'&'& /%)!&# )! #"9*n%& &*$*!&%& !+%& &%(! !"

    "'(% #'(# /!n+'%n#)% !&+'% $% T%/#& P'

    !+%n%/'&#& /8& )!&#+#)%& )! C%"%/('# +%/$'"#)%& !n *n "'(% '*"#)% >P'

    !+%n%/'&#& +%"%/('#n%& D!(#!> C#$'#" !n !" &'9"% ==I >, )%n)! "#& %$'n'%n!& $%"3'+#&

    )! )'4!!n!& $!&$!+'.#& !'+#&, n*!.! !&+'%!& +%"%/('#n%& 4!n! # "#& ')!#& )! "%&

    !+%n%/'&#& 4#n+!&!& )! %)% !" 4!n/!n% #(!#n! )! "# )!&'9*#")#) &%+'#"; S'9*' *n

    #n8"'&'& )! "#& /!)')#& #)%$#)#& $% !" E&#)% $## !&%".! !&! $%("!/# , 4'n#"/!n!,

    &! #+! *n# .'&'n /* $!&%n#" )! !&! $%("!/#, 'n+"*!n)% *n# &%"*+'n $%#+'.#

     $!&!n#)%;

     

    ABSTRACT

  • 8/20/2019 Ensayo Final Desarrollo Economico 2 Referenciado 1

    3/31

      F#+!) ' ! $%&&'('"' %4 &!!

    !+%n%/'& T%/#& P'

    'n ! ==I C!n* >(%% C#$'#" 'n ! T!nF'& C!n*, >$*("'&!) 'n 201?, # %C%"%/('#n !+%n%/'&& P'

    D!(#!> C#$'#" ! ==I C!n* >, !! $%"''+#" #n) !%!'+#" $!&$!+'.!& %4 )'44!!n

    %$'n'%n&, n'n! C%"%/('#n '!& #9#'n& ! ')!#& %4 ! F!n+ !+%n%/'&& #%*n) !

    #(!#n $!n%/!n%n %4 &%+'#" 'n!6*#"'; 4%""%!) #n #n#"&'& %4 ! /!#&*!& #

    ! S#! % &%".! '& $%("!/ #n) 4'n#"" # .! $!&%n#" .'&'%n %4 '& $%("!/ '& /#)!,

    'n+"*)'n9 # $%#+'.! &%"*'%n $!&!n!);

    LUCES Y SOMBRAS DE LA REFORMA DE AMERICA LATINA

  • 8/20/2019 Ensayo Final Desarrollo Economico 2 Referenciado 1

    4/31

    L# R!%'!n#+'n H#+'# E" M!+#)%

    L# +'&'& )! "# )!*)# "# )+#)# $)')#:

    A" !4!'n%& # "% 6*! # $#)% # "% "#9% )! *n +%n&#n! #(#-% $% /!-%# "# /#+# )!

    "#& !+%n%/3#& "# (&6*!)# )! "# 'n!9#+'n /*n)'#" )! "#& /'&/#&, $%)!/%& !n+%n# 

    )'4!!n!& 4#&!& $% "#& +*#"!& *.'!%n 6*! #+%9! "%& $#3&!& %$# $% '/$%n! %(-!'.%&

    )! )!%""%;

    L# +'&'& )! "# )!*)# n%& n## 6*! !n )'4!!n!& $#3&!& *(% *n &!'% $%("!/# )!

    'n)'&+'$"'n# /#+%!+%n/'+# !n! "%& #%& 0 0 6*! )!(3# &! !.#"*#)# /!-%#)#

    /* $%n%, # 6*! 9!n!#(# *n# )!('"')#) !n +*#n% # "# #+*/*"#+'n )! +#$'#"!& 6*!!&#(# "'9#)# # *n /!+#)% !n +%n)'+'%n!& )! 'n4%/#"')#), (#-# $%)*+'.')#) )! "# /#n%

    )! %(#, $%)*++'n )! ('!n!& 6*! +#!+3#n )! .#"% #9!9#)% &!'#n "%& +#*n!& )! n%

    #"'/!n# "# #+*/*"#+'n )! +#$'#" %(.'#/!n! "# +#$#+')#) )! #%% "# +*#" $!/''3#

    9!n!# 'n.!&'n !/$!# # #n&4%/# *n $#3&@ $% %% "#)% &! )# *n $%("!/# "'9#)%

    +%n *n )4'+' )! "# (#"#n# +%/!+'#", "% 6*! &! )'+! !& 6*! #" &! "#& !7$%#+'%n!&

    /!n%!&, n% 9!n!#(# ! &'n!9'# !n "# +#$#+')#) )! 'n+!/!n# !" +#$'#" "% 6*! !/'n%

    +%n""!.#n)% # "# n!+!&')#) )! 4'n#n+'#/'!n% +%n !" &!+% !7!n% )!(')% # 6*! n*!&%&

    !+*&%& 'n!n%& !#n 'n&*4'+'!n!&, !&# )!+'&'n &! !&$!#3# 6*! *.'!# !4!+% !n #+'.# 

    "# 'n.!&'n, 'n+!n'.# "# 9!n!#+'n )! !/$"!% #&3 "%9# 4%#"!+! n*!&% +#$'#", # &*

    .! &! "%9#3# )'!++'%n# !" +!+'/'!n%, $!% /8& #)! !&% &! #)*+'3# !n *n# #"#

    "'6*')! 6*! .!n3#n &'!n)% %%9#)#& $% "# (#n+# N%!#/!'+#n#, B#n+%& !*%$!%& 6*'!n

     $%n!n *n# #(*n)#n! "'6*')! +%n *n# (#-# # )! 'n!& # "# %)!n )! .#'#& !+%n%/3#&,

    #)!/8& )! "# $#'+'$#+'n )! $#3&!& $!%"!%& OPEP 6*'!n!& #$%#(#n +%n *n 9#n

    n/!% )! !+*&%& 4'n#n+'!%& %+#&'%n#n)% *n# #"# "'6*')!;

    E# n!+!'% +%n%"# #" #(*n)#n! "'6*')! )! !+*&%& 4'n#n+'!%& # 6*! &! !&#(#

    #)*+'!n)% !n *n# #"# 'n4"#+'n, # +%n&!+*!n+'# )! #" &'*#+'n $#3&!& +%/% "%& E&#)%&

    Un')%& +%n "# '/$%&'+'n )!" /%n!#'&/% %$#n $% 'n+!/!n%& !n "#& #& )! 'n!&,

    9!n!#n)% #/('n *n# )!.#"*#+'n )! n*!&#& /%n!)#& "%+#"!& "% +*#" +%n'(*% #

  • 8/20/2019 Ensayo Final Desarrollo Economico 2 Referenciado 1

    5/31

    'n+!/!n# "# )!*)#, .%".'!n)% # $#3&!& !+!$%!& n!%& )! +#$'#", &! %n#3# n!9#'.#

    n*!&# (#"#n# )! +#$'#"!& !7$*"(# # *n 9#n n/!% )! !""%&;

    Un 9#n 4!n/!n% )! "'6*')! 4!n! # *n (#-% n'.!" )! #%% !# !n%n+!& "% 6*! $#3&!&

    !n4!n#3#n $% #" /%'.% !+*'3#n # *n !n)!*)#/'!n%, $*!& "%& $%("!/#& 6*!)'+%& $#3&!& !7$!'/!n#(#n #)*+3# *n# )!& 4#.%#('"')#) !n "# (#"#n# )! $#9%&,

    9!n!#n)% *n# +'&'& !n "# 6*! "%& E&#)%& &! )!+"##3#n 'n&%".!n!& !n +*#n% #" $%)! )!

     $#9% )! #" )!*)#, $*!& #n! !&% !& n!+!'% 6*! &! )'#9n%&'+##n *n%& #-*&!& $## "%

    +*#" &! !+*! # $%9#/#& #$%#)%& $% !" F%n)% M%n!#'% In!n#+'%n#" -*n% #" B#n+%

    M*n)'#" )!&)! "%& #%& 0 6*! 4%#"!+3#n n*!.#& $%"3'+#& # n'.!" 'n!n#+'%n#" +*%

    %(-!'.% 4*! '/$"#n# !4%/#& !&*+*#"!& !#"'# "%& !&$!+'.%& #-*&!&

    /#+%!+%n/'+%&, !&*)'%& !#"'#)%& $% "# CEPAL &*9'!!n 6*! $"#&/# # "# +"#')#) !"

     $##)'9/# )!" )!+8"%9% )!" C%n&!n&% )! #&'n9%nK 4%/*"#)% $% J%n '""'#n&%n

    10 6*'!n &'n!'#3# !4%/#& )! /!+#)% !&$!#n)% 6*! !&#& $!/'#n .%".! /8&

    !4'+'!n! %%9# 4%#"!+'/'!n% )! *n# )'&+'$"'n# /#+%!+%n/'+#, *n# "'(!#"'#+'n

    )!" +%/!+'% *n# /'n'/'#+'n )! "# $#'+'$#+'n )!" !&#)% !n "%& /!+#)%&, !&!

    +#/('% )! $##)'9/# 6*! !/!9! !n "# !&+*!"# )! +'+#9% !n A/'+# L#'n# !n P#3&!&

    +%/% A9!n'n#, P! C'"! 6*'!n!& &!9n "%& #n!+!)!n!& &! $!&!n#3#n +%/% "%&

     $#3&!& /#& "'(!#"'#)%&, !&# )'.!&')#) 'n)'+# 6*! !" $%+!&% )! #n&4%/#+'n 4*!

    !#"/!n! !" $%)*+% )! )!+'&'%n!& n#+'%n#"!& 6*! #)!/8& )! "%& !7$!'/!n%& )!" C%n%S*, !#n #%# #)%$#)#& $% !93/!n!& $%"3'+%& )!/%+8'+%& $% $'/!# .! !n "#

    '&%'# L#'n%#/!'+#n#, +%n4')!n+'#"/!n! !n# # &! $#! )!" "'(!#"'&/% $%"3'+%

    !+%n/'+%;

    E&#& !4%/#& %%9#n *n# $%9#/# )! #-*&! 6*! $!/''3#n "# "'(!#"'#+'n )!"

    /!+#)% !)*+'3#n !" #"+#n+! )!" &!+% $*("'+% !n "# !+%n%/3# +%n4')!n+'#"/!n! )#n

    *n# !&#('"')#) /#+%!+%n/'+# #)%$#)#& $## +%!9' "%& )4'+'& !7!n%& 4'&+#"!&,

    *n# 9##n3# !n +%n%" )! $!+'%& $## /#n!n! !" +%n%" /!-%# &'*#+'%n!&

    'n4"#+'%n#'#& 6*! !#n $%$'#& )! "# +'&'& )! "# )!*)#, #)!/8& )! 6*! &! ""!.# # +#(%

    )!&$*& )! "# +'&'& *n#& /!)')#& )! !4'n#n+'#/'!n% )! "# )!*)# +%n +%/$%/'&%& )!

    !&#('"')#) /#+%!+%n/'+# +%/$%/!')%& (#-% "%& %(-!'.%& )! !&#('"'#+'n !n! !"

    %)!n 4'&+#" !)*+' !" )4'+' $% /!)'% )! )'&/'n*+'n )!" 9#&% $("'+% &%+'#" )!

  • 8/20/2019 Ensayo Final Desarrollo Economico 2 Referenciado 1

    6/31

    !&*+*#, $*!& &! )'+! 6*! &! .!3#n %("'9#)%& # #/## !" +'n*n $## "%9# "' )! !&#

    +'&'&, #n! !""% &! $!!n)' #+! *n# !!&*+*#+'n !n !" +%(% )! '/$*!&%&

    4%#"!+! "%& '/$*!&%& 'n)'!+%& $## .! )! 'n+!/!n# "%& !+*&%& !&##"!& )! #%#

    !n #)!"#n! !" +%n%" )! "# 'n4"#+'n $!/''3# !&#('"'# #" $#3&, $*!& "# # )! 'n!& 4*!

    !" /!+#n'&/% 6*! 4!n# #"!& 4!n/!n%& 'n4"#+'%n#'%& $% !""% !# !" ')!#" !&! &!

     $%4*n)'% /8& #*n !n /%/!n%& )! +'&'&;

    A%# !& n!+!'% )# # +%n%+!& 6*! #/('n "# )!&+!n#"'#+'n $!/''3# %%9# "#

    #*%n%/3# # .#'%& !'%'%& !9'%n!& !n )%n)! +%/!n#(# # )!&!/$!#&! $%+!&%& )!

     $'.#'#+'n, "# .!n# )! ('!n!& $("'+%& 6*! &! .#n +%/('n#n)% +%n %#& /!)')#& )!

    +#8+! /#+%!+%n/'+% !&#& /!)')#& &! .#n +%n4'9*#n)% +%n "# "'(!#"'#+'n !n )%&

    4#&!&, *n# 9#)*#" %# #)'+#";

    L# +%n%"%93# )'.!&')#) )! "%& $%+!&%& )! !4%/# &! $*!)!n .'&*#"'# +%n "%& +8"+*"%&

    )! 3n)'+!& )! !4%/#& !&*+*#"!&, "# $'/!# )## )! "%& #%& 0, 4*! )! +#8+! 

    9#)*#", /* )!&'9*#" !n "%& )'&'n%& $#3&!& !7$!'/!n% *n !%+!&% )*#n! "# $'/!#

    !#$# )! "# +'&'& )! "# )!*)#, "# &!9*n)# 4#&! 6*! 4*! %(-!% )! !&*)'% $% $#! )! L%#

    2001, 4*! $% !" +%n#'%, #+!"!#)# /*+% /8& 9!n!#"'#)#, $% "% +*#" "# )'&$!&'n

    !9'%n#" !n "%& n'.!"!& )! "'(!#"'#+'n !+%n/'+# &! !)*-%, !&$!+'#"/!n! !n !" $'/! 

    "*&% )! "# )+#)# )! "%& n%.!n#, $% !" +%n#'% *(% /!n% *n'4%/')#) !n /#!'# )!

     $'.#'#+'%n!& !4%/#& /*+% /8& "'/'#)#& !n !" 4!n! "#(%#", $*!& # $! )! 6*! &!

     $"#n!# /!+#n'&/%& !n "%& +*#"!& !" /!+#)% #-*&# "%& $!+'%& +%!+%& )!-#n)% *n "'(!

     -*!9% )! "# %4!# "# )!/#n)# &! )'+! 6*! !n +*#n% # "# %4!# "#(%#" !n)3#/%&

    #"9*n#& )'4'+*"#)!& # 6*! +%n "# '/$"#n#+'n )! !4%/#& )!-% !n +'!# /!)')# *n#

     $%("!/8'+# &%+'#" # "# %# )! !4!'n%& # "# 4"!7'('"')#) )! "#'%& +*% $'n+'$'% !#

    9!n!# /8& +%/$!''.')#);

    L#& )'4!!n+'#& !n! *n% %% $!'%)% !4"!-#n .'&'%n!& /%)!n#& 9#)*#"!& )!" $%+!&%)! #$!*# +%/!+'#" # "#& +*#"!& +%n.!n3# '/$*" !" )'n#/'&/% !7$%#)%, $## !.'# 

    "%& !4!+%& !+!&'.%& #).!&%& &%(! "# (#"#n# )! $#9%&, #n% !n /#!'# )! )'&+'$"'n#

    /#+%!+%n/'+# +%/% )! "# "'(!#+'n )! "#& 4*!#& )! /!+#)%, "# ')!# 6*! $%$*"#'%

    !n "# )+#)# )! "%& #%& &!!n# %+!n#, 4*! "# )! 9##n3# )! "%& $!+'%& +%!+%& /8&

    #)! !" n4#&'& )! )!&$"#% # +%n%"# "# 'n4"#+'n, (#-% #*%')#)!& /%n!#'#& #*n%/#&,

  • 8/20/2019 Ensayo Final Desarrollo Economico 2 Referenciado 1

    7/31

    !n /*+%& )! "%& $"#n!& &! *'"'# !" '$% )! +#/('% +%/% #n+"# )! "%& $!+'%& # &!# $##

    4!n# % +%n9!"# #('!#/!n! "# # )! +#/('%, +%n "% +*#" &! $%)*+3# *n#

    &%(!.#"*#+'n )! "#& /%n!)#& n#+'%n#"!&, !n +"## +%n#++'n +%n "%& %(-!'.%& )!

    9##n'#& "%& $!+'%& +%!+%&, +%!9' !" &!&9% #n' !7$%#)% !" &!&9% +%n# "#

    #9'+*"*# )! "%& '$%& )! +#/('% &%(!.#"*#)%&;

    A)!/8& )! 6*! "# (#-# 'n4"#+'n !7'93# !n! *n#& 4'n#n#& $("'+#& n#&, "#(% 6*!

    '/$"'+% !)*+' !" 9#&% $("'+%, "%& #-*&!& 4'&+#"!& 4*!%n /#&'.%& !n (&6*!)# )! /!-%# 

    "# !&*+*# '(*#'# /!)'#n! !" 4%#"!+'/'!n% )! "%& '/$*!&%& #" .#"% #9!9#)%

    !)*+' #& )! '(*#+'n )'!+#@ !7$!'/!n#n)% n*!.#& $%"3'+#& )! /!-%#/'!n%

    !+n%"9'+% $!/''3#n #.#n# !n /!)')#& )! 'n.!&'9#+'n )!%""%, 4'9*% 4'n#"/!n!

    "# &'/$"'4'+#+'n )! 8/'!&, !9*"#+'n )! &!.'+'%& $("'+%& )%/'+'"'#'%& $'.#'#)%&,

    +%!9' $8+'+#& /%n%$"'+#& 4%#"!+! "# !9*"#+'n &* $!.'&'n 4'n#n+'!# #&3

    !.'#&! "%& '!&9%& !7+!&'.%& !n !n')#)!& +%n +#$#+')#) )! !&#('"')#) &'&/'+#;

    S! %(&!.# 6*! "%& !/#& &%+'#"!& n% 4'9*#(#n )! /#n!# $%/'n!n! !n "# #9!n)# 'n'+'#"

    )! !4%/#&, !n%n+!& !n !" )!+8"%9% )! '""'#n&%n &%"% &! /!n+'%n#(# $'%'#'#/!n! !"

    9#&% $*("'+% $!% -*n% # "#& $%"3'+#& '/$*")#& $% !" B#n+% M*n)'#" !n#n !n -*!9%

    )!!/'n#n!& +%/% !)*+#+'n, "*) '/$*")#& )!&)! "%& #%& 0 &! )'!%n # +%n%+! 

     $%$*!&#& )! !4%/#& !n !" &!+% &%+'#" )! "#& +*#"!& &! )!&$!n)! !& ')!#& 6*!

    *.'!%n #/$"'# )'4*&'n: )!&+!n#"'#+'n, 4%+#"'#+'n )!" 9#&% $*("'+% &%+'#" !n "%& /8&

     $%(!& "# #$!*# )! !&$#+'%& # "# $#'+'$#+'n )! #9!n!& $'.#)%& !n "# $%.'&'n )!

    &!.'+'%& &%+'#"!&, !&# &!'! )! /!)')#& 6*! .#n )!&)! "# !&#('"'#+'n /#+%!+%n/'+#

    #&# "# !!&*+*#+'n n% 4*! %/%9n!# $## %)%& "%& $#3&!&;

    L# #$!*# !7!n# 9!n!% +#/('%& &*&#n+'#"!& #" '/$"!/!n#&! !n "#& !+%n%/3#&

    "#'n%#/!'+#n#& !n'!n)% +%/% !&*"#)% !&*+*#& !7$%#)%#& )! ('!n!& &!.'+'%&

    %("'9#)%& # /%)!n'#&!, !n "# (&6*!)# )! !4'+'!n+'# +%/$!''.')#) # #.& )! "#'n)*&'#"'#+'n, "# !+n%"%93# !" +%n%+'/'!n%

    E" !&*"#)% 4*! !.')!n!, "#& !/$!& #n&n#+'%n#"!& )!&$*& )! "%& #"%& n'.!"!& )!

    #$!*# *.'!%n /#% $!&!n+'# !n "%& /!+#)%& "#'n%#/!'+#n%& )%n)! !&%& $%+!&%&

    )! "'(!#+'n +%/!+'#" ""!.#%n #/('n # #*/!n# !" +%!4'+'!n! )! !7$%#+'%n!&

  • 8/20/2019 Ensayo Final Desarrollo Economico 2 Referenciado 1

    8/31

    )'.!&'4'+#&! #"!& $%)*+%& )!&'n#)%& #+'# "# #$!*# )!" +%/!+'% !7!n% #" !& !"

    +#&% )! /#!'#& $'/#& /#n*4#+*#& )! /#% .#"% #9!9#)%, $*!& "# "'(!#+'n

    +%/!+'#" 'n+!/!n#(# )! ; # 1 !n !" +#&% +%"%/('#n%, "#& '/$%#+'%n!& !n 15

    #/('n 'n+!/!n#%n !n ;1, $*!& "# 'n!9#+'n )! /!+#)%& !& "# 9#n !n)!n+'# )!"

    /%)!"% 6*! $!/''8 'n+!/!n# !" +#$'#" $% #(#-#)% Z +*# 4%#"!# &!'# "#&

    !7$%#+'%n!& )!&)! !" $!'%)% 10 #&# 200 6*! &! 'n+!/!n#(# &%&!n')#/!n! !n

    !" n%! !n !" &* "#'n%#/!'+#n%;

    En !" n%! !# !.')!n! 6*! !" 'n+!/!n% &%&!n')% )! "#& !7$%#+'%n!& !# 4*!! !n

    M7'+% +!n% A/'+#, !+'('!n)% +%/$!''.')#) "# /#6*'"#K 6*! !# *'"'#)# $##

    #$%.!+# "%& !+*&%& !7$%#"%& #" !&% )!" /*n)%, /'!n#& 6*! !" "#)% &* !"

    'n+!/!n% )! "#& !7$%#+'%n!& )! /#!'#& $'/#& %(!)!+! # $#3&!& +%/% +'n# "# 'n)'#

    6*! &! +%n.'!!n !n '/$%#)%!& )! $!"!%, +#(n, !+; P!% &! 'n!*/$! $% "# +'&'&

    )! 200 !" 'n+!/!n% )! /#n*4#+*#& +%n 9!n!#+'n )! .#"% #9!9#)% &! .'!%n

    !n.*!"%& !n *n# !$'/#'#+'%n )! "#& !7$%#+'%n!& .%".'n)%n%& .*"n!#("!& #n! !"

    /*n)% 9!n!#n)% *n# +'&'& /#+%!+%n/'+# +#&%& +%/% "%& )! B#'", V!n!*!"#,

    C%"%/('# 6*! &! !n4!n#n # *n# (#-# )! $!+'%& )! /#!'#& $'/#& '/$"'+#n)% *n#& #&

    n!9#'.#& )! +!+'/'!n%, )#)% # 6*! &%/%& .*"n!#("!& # 4#+%!& !7!n%&

    S' #("#/%& )! *n# #$!*# !+%n/'+# #+!/%& !4!!n+'# #/('n # *n# !7$#n&'n

    !7$%#)%# 6*! # !&#)% #+%/$##)# $% *n +#/('% n%#("! )! &* !&*+*# $% "#

    +%n'n*# #+*/*"#+'n )! +#$#+')#)!& $%)*+'.#& !+n%"9'+#& !7'&'!n)% *n#

    4#9/!n#+'n )! "%& $%+!&%& $%)*+'.%& !n'!n)% !" +#8+! )! *n .!)#)!% !n+"#.!

    )%n)! &! $*!)! (!n!4'+'# # "#& )%& $#!& n% !n "# /'&/# $%$%+'n $!% +%n (!n!4'+'%

    %)% !&% /* )!$!n)'!n! #" )'n#/'&/% 9"%(#" )! "# !+%n%/3# !" 'n+%n.!n'!n! &!

    !n+*!n# #" &! !+%n%/3#& !7$%#)%#& !n &* /#%3# )! *n $%)*+% % ('!n $%6*! &'

     (#-# !" $!+'% )! !&! %)# "# !+%n%/3# n#+'%n#" #/(#"!# $% !&% &! #+! n!+!'%

    )'.!&'4'+# "#& !7$%#+'%n!& )#n)% # +%n%+! "# !!%9!n!')#) )! "# !9'n !&! "!

     $!/'' #"9*n%& P#3&!& !n! #.#n+!& 'n)*&'#"!& )%n)! "!& $!/'' 6*! &* !&*+*#

    !7$%#)%# n% !&*.'!# )!$!n)'!n! &%"#/!n! # "%& !+*&%& n#*#"!& /#n*4#+*#&;

    E" $%!++'%n'&/% !& !" )!%""% )! *n# $%"3'+# !+%n/'+# $## $%!9! "%& $%)*+%&

    )!" $%$'% $#3&, '/$%n'!n)% "'/'#+'%n!& # "# !n#)# )! $%)*+%& !7#n-!%& '9*#"!&

    https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pol%C3%ADtica_econ%C3%B3micahttps://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pol%C3%ADtica_econ%C3%B3mica

  • 8/20/2019 Ensayo Final Desarrollo Economico 2 Referenciado 1

    9/31

    /!)'#n! "# '/$%&'+'n )! ##n+!"!& ! '/$*!&%& # "# '/$%#+'n, !n+#!+'!n)% #&3 )'+%

     $%)*+% )! /%)% 6*! n% &!# !n#("!;

    L# $%"3'+# 6*! '9! "# !7$#n&'n $%!++'%n'&# # +%n%+')% )'&'n%& $!'%)%& )! #*9!

    )!+#)!n+'# # "% "#9% )! "# '&%'#; D! 4%/# 9!n!#", !n &'*#+'%n!& )! !+%n%/3# )!9*!# % )! #*#6*3#, !" $%!++'%n'&/% &! #$"'+# )! /#n!# #-#n!; En &'*#+'%n!&

    )! +'&'& !+%n/'+#, +'!%& n'.!"!& )! $%!++'n # "%& $%$'%& $%)*+%& !.'#n *n# +#3)#

    4*"/'n#n! )!  $!+'%&  !" +%n&'9*'!n! )!&+#"#(% )! #"9n &!+% )! "# !+%n%/3# n#+'%n#";

    L#& (#!#& $%!++'%n'&#& n% &%n /8& 6*! #6*!""#& 6*! '/$"#n#n "#& n#+'%n!& $##

    ".#9*#)# &*& $%)*+%&, $!% # &* .! $%)3#n )!# *n# 9#n $%"/'+# /*n)'#" &' n%

    &! %/#n "#& )!+'&'%n!& /8& #)!+*#)#&;

    C*8" !& !" +#/'n%, "# #$!*# % !" $%!++'%n'&/%, #" .! )! /#n!# &*(-!'.# !" !6*'"'('%

    )! "%& )%& $*!)! 9!n!# *n +!+'/'!n% &%&!n')% !n "#& !+%n%/3#& "#'n%#/!'+#n#&

     $*!&% 6*! &! )!(! )!4!n)! "# &%(!#n3# )! +#)# P#3&, $!/'' 6*! !" +#$'#" &! 6*!)!

    9!n!! +#/('%& "# /#n!# )! "%9#"% !& #+! #+*!)%& +%/!+'#"!& 'n!"'9!n!& 6*! )!n

     (!n!4'+'%&, !" G%('!n% -*!9# *n $#$!" /* !"!.#n! $*!&% 6*! )!$!n)! # "#& $%"3'+#&

    6*! &! %/! !n !" */(% )! "# n#+'n !& +'!% 6*! n% # $!)'++'%n!& !7#+#& &!#

    )'43+'" %/# *n# )!+'&'n &'n #4!+# #"9n &!+%, n% %(&#n! # "#9% $"#% &! )!(! (*&+# 

    /!-%!& +%n)'+'%n!& #" !n! #.#n+!& $%)*+'.%& '/$%#n!& # !&+#"# /*n)'#";

    E" +%/$%#/'!n% /#+%!+%n/'+% *n% )! "%& #.#n+!& !+%n/'+%& /8& '/$%#n!& !n "#

    )+#)# )! "%& 0 $*!& &! '% .%".! "# +%n4'#n# !n "#& #*%')#)!& /#+%!+%n/'+#& +%n

    "#& !4%/#& '/$"!/!n#)#& +%/% "# )'&/'n*+'n )! "#& #& )! 'n4"#+'n *n 9#n

     $%9!&% !n "# $%"3'+# 4'&+#" )! "# +*#" &! .! !4"!-#)% /#% $%)! +%n4'#n# !4"!-#)% !n

    "%& (#n+%& +!n#"!&;

    M!#& %(-!'.#& +%/% (#-# # *n )'9'% "# 'n4"#+'n !#n !7+!$+'%n#"!&, $*!& !&# 4*!

    "%9#n)% !)*+'&! #+'!n)% 6*! )! *n /%)% &! /#n!n9#n !n! *n 10; En "#

    /#%3# )! $#3&!& *.'!%n !$'&%)'%& )! )4'+' &*$!'%!& #" ? !&! !+% +#(! !"# 

    6*! 4*! )*#n! "# $%+# )! +'&'& !n! !&! 4!n/!n% &! .'!%n #4!+#)%& $#3&!& +%/%

    B%"'.'# C%"%/('# +%n 9#n !n)!*)#/'!n% !"#n A9!n'n# E+*#)% # +%/'!n%& )!"

    https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arancelhttps://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arancelhttps://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impuestohttps://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impuestohttps://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Importaci%C3%B3nhttps://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Econom%C3%ADa_de_guerrahttps://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Econom%C3%ADa_de_guerrahttps://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Econom%C3%ADa_de_guerrahttps://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autarqu%C3%ADahttps://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crisis_econ%C3%B3micahttps://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crisis_econ%C3%B3micahttps://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preciohttps://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preciohttps://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arancelhttps://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impuestohttps://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Importaci%C3%B3nhttps://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Econom%C3%ADa_de_guerrahttps://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Econom%C3%ADa_de_guerrahttps://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autarqu%C3%ADahttps://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crisis_econ%C3%B3micahttps://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precio

  • 8/20/2019 Ensayo Final Desarrollo Economico 2 Referenciado 1

    10/31

    &'9"% ==I "%& n'.!"!& )! )!*)# $("'+# &! /#n'!n!n $% !n+'/# )!" 0 )!" P'( #&# !"

    #*9! )!" $!'%)% 200200; E&%& !&*"#)%& &%n +%n&'&!n!& !n !" 'n+!/!n% )!" 9#&%

     $("'+% )! #"9*n# /#n!# !&! #+%n!+'/'!n% $*!)! &! !" !4"!-% )! "# 4*!! !)*++'n

    6*! &! *.% )*#n! "# )+#)# $!)')#; E" #*/!n% )!" 9#&% &! .! !4"!-#)% !n !" #*/!n%

    n%#("! )!" 'n9!&% )!" 9%('!n% $*!&% 6*! !n *n# $%+# )! #*9! "%& !&*"#)%& &%n

    /!-%#("!& !n %)%& "%& #&$!+%& &' # /8& 'n9!&%& %(.'#/!n! !" 9#&% &! .! !4"!-#)%

    !n 9#n !&+#"# !"#n)% 6*! "# !&*+*# )! "%& 'n9!&%& $("'+%& # +%n'n*#)%

    )!$!n)'!n)% )! '/$*!&%& 'n)'!+%& )! '/$*!&%& )! .#"% #9!9#)%@ *n +'+"% !+%n/'+%

    /8& !.')!n! *n +*'/'!n% /8& "!n% # "#9% $"#% $% %% "#)% "# /#% !&#('"')#) )!

     $!+'%& +%'n+')! +%n "# /#% 'n!&#('"')#) )! $%)*++'n !&% !4"!-#)% !n "#

    .*"n!#('"')#) !7!n# )! "#& !+%n%/3#& "#'n%#/!'+#n#& %# +##+!3&'+# !&+##("! )!

    !&! !$'&%)'% &! )!(! #" 4%#"!+'/'!n% )! "# !9*"#+'n )!&$*& )! "#& +'&'& &*+!&'.#& "%& #.#n+!& !n $%"3'+# #n' +3+"'+# "# +'&'& )! 200200 4*! "# $'/!# )! "#& "'/#&

    )+#)#& !n 6*! n% *(% *n# +'&'& 4'n#n+'!# n#+'%n#";

    L# !.%"*+'n )! "# $%)*+'.')#) %#" )! "%& 4#+%!& /*!&#n *n "!n% +!+'/'!n% !n

    +%n#&! +%n !" )'n#/'&/% 6*! &! $!&!n# )*#n! !" $%+!&% )! 'n)*&'#"'#+'n )*#n!

    "# )+#)# )! "%& #%& &!!n# "# $%)*+'.')#) !)*+! )*#n! "# +'&'& )! "# )!*)#

     $!&!n# /* $%+% )'n#/'&/% !n! !" $!'%)% 102005, "#& #%n!& )! !&!

    +%/$%#/'!n% )!4'+'!n! )! "# $%)*+'.')#) # &')% *n $*n% !n !" 6*! &! )!(#! )!

    /*+%& "#)%& $#'!n)% #&3 )! 6*! "%& 'n)'+#)%!& #9!9#)%& )! $%)*+'.')#) !n "%& 6*!

    n%& 'n)'+#n "# !.%"*+'n $%&''.# )! !/$!&, &!+%!&, #*/!n% )! "# &*(*'"'#+'n )!

    !+*&%& $%)*+'.%& +%/% !" )! /#n% )! %(#, &' #*/!n# "# $%)*+'.# )! +'!%& &!+%!&

    #/('n +#(! )!+' 6*! !$!&!n#n *n $#$!" '/$%#n! $% !n)! # *n# 9#n +!+'!n!

    'n!9#+'n )! *n# !+%n%/3# /*n)'#" ! 'n.!&'n !7#n-!# )'!+# #*n6*! +%/% !n %)#

    !+%n%/3# #! &*& !4!+%& #/('n n!9#'.%& !n !&%& !n+%n#/%& 6*! &! #*/!n# "#

    'n4%/#"')#) "#(%#" )! !&# /#n!# )!$'/'!n)% "# $%)*+'.')#) )!" &!+% &!.'+'%&)%n)! # *n +!+'!n! n/!% )! !/$!& $!6*!#& /'+%!/$!& )! (#-#

     $%)*+'.')#)@ )!-#n)% +%/% +%n+"*&'n 6*! "#& !7$!+#'.#& )! 6*! !" #*/!n% )! "#

     $%)*+'.')#) 6*! !7$!'/!n#%n "%& &!+%!& 'n!n#+'%n#"'#)%& &! )'4*n)'3# #" !&% )!

    "# !+%n%/3# &! !4"!-#3# *n +!+'/'!n% !+%n/'+% #+!"!#)% n% &! /#!'#"'#%n &' n%

  • 8/20/2019 Ensayo Final Desarrollo Economico 2 Referenciado 1

    11/31

    6*! $% !" +%n#'% ""!.#%n # *n# /#% )'&$!&'n )! "%& n'.!"!& )! $%)*+'.')#) )!

    )'&'n%& &!+%!& !/$!& #" 'n!'% )! "#& !+%n%/3#&;

    E" $%+!&% )! )!&*++'n &+*/$!!'#n% $#!+! #(! !n')% !"!/!n%& /8& )!&*+'.%&,

    6*! +!#'.%& $*!& .#n 'n+"*')%& /#n% )! %(#, +#$'#", +#$#+')#)!& !+n%"9'+#&, '!#,)!&$"##)%& )! "%& &!+%!& !/$!& #4!+#)%& $% "%& $%+!&% )! !!&*+*#+'n

     $%)*+'.# $*!& )! #"9*n# /#n!# !&%& n% 4*!%n #(&%(')%& $% "%& &!+%!& !n !7$#n&'n

    # 6*! "# 'n!9#+'n !+%n/'+# /*n)'#" 4#+'"'% "# #)6*'&'+'n )! !6*'$%& $%)*+%&

    'n!/!)'%& '/$%#)%& 6*! +%n'(*!n # #*/!n# "# $%)*+'.')#) )! /*+#& !/$!&

     $!% # +%&# )! "# )!&*++'n )! "#& +#)!n#& $%)*+'.#& $!!7'&!n!&; E" $%+!&% )!

    !&*+*#+'n $%)*+'.# &! +##+!' $% *n# )!&'n)*&'#"'#+'n $!+% !& )!+' $% 

    *n# !)*++'n )!" $!&% )! "#& /#n*4#+*#& !n "# $%)*++'n "# 9!n!#+'n )! !/$"!% #

    n'.!"!& )!" P'( $% #('#n!& /8& (#-%& )! "%& 6*! &! +##+!'#n )'+% $%+!&% !n "%&

     $#3&!& 'n)*&'#"'#)%&, !" $%+!&% )! 'n)*&'#"'#+'n &! !&#n+ )*#n! "# )+#)# $!)')#

    !n! "#& /8& #4!+#)#& 4*!%n 'n)*&'#& /8& #)'+'%n#"!& 'n!n&'.#& !n /#n% )! %(#

    +%/%: .!&*#'% +#"#)% /#n*4#+*#& )! +*!%, /*!("!& !n! %#&; L# #9'+*"*#& $*)%

    !n! *n &%&!n'/'!n% )*#n! "# )+#)# $!)')# $!% #" '9*#" &* '/% )! +!+'/'!n% #

    &')% /* 'n4!'% #" )! #n!& )! "# +'&'& )! "# )!*)#, #&3 +%/% $## /*+%& $#3&!& !"

    &!+% #9%$!+*#'% *.% *n 9#n &%&!n'/'!n% #"# !n $#3&!& +%/% C%"%/('#,

    G*#!/#"#, M7'+%, N'+##9*# V!n!*!"#@ "% /8& .'9%%&% # &')% !" +%/$%#/'!n% )!

    "%& +*"'.%& )! &%# $*!&% 6*! !n .#'#& !+%n%/3#& &*)#/!'+#n#& )! "# $%)*++'n

    #.3+%"# #*/!n#%n n%#("!/!n!;

    L%& &!+%!& /8& )'n8/'+%& 4*!%n "%& &!.'+'%& /%)!n%& "%& &!.'+'%& $("'+%& )!

    #n&$%! 4'n#n+'!%& # "#& !/$!&, !&%& &!+%!& +!+!n #*n )*#n! "# +'&'& )! "#

    )!*)# #n &')% /8& )'n8/'+%& # $#' )! 10;

    O% $*n% # !&*)'# !" &!+% !7$%#)% !" +*#" +%n'(*! # *n +!+'/'!n% !+%n/'+%

    )'n8/'+%, $*!& &!9n !&*)'%& $% "# CEPAL +%n+"*!n 6*! A/'+# L#'n# &! #

    !&$!+'#"'#)% !n %4!+! /!n%!& $%&'('"')#)!& )! 9!n!# n*!.#& #+'.')#)!& $%)*+'.#&

    /!-%#& !n "# +#"')#) )! "%& $%)*+%& )%& !"!/!n%& 6*! &! +%n&')!#n !&!n+'#"!& $##

    %(!n! *n 8$')% +!+'/'!n% !+%n/'+% #6*3 +#(! !"# &! +%n+*!)# +%n !" #*% 

  • 8/20/2019 Ensayo Final Desarrollo Economico 2 Referenciado 1

    12/31

    !n 6*! "# !9'n # !n)')% # !&$!+'#"'#&! !n *n# $#! )!" !&$#+'% )! $%)*+%& 6*!

    %4!+! /!n%& $%&'('"')#)!& )! +#/('% !+n%"9'+%; L# n*!.#& $%$*!&#& !n /#!'# )!

    )!%""% $%)*+'.% #n !n)')% # %%9# /#% '/$%#n+'# # "#& $%"3'+#& +'!n34'+%

    !+n%"9'+#&, *n !/# !n !" +*#" #(3# *n !&+#&% )!%""% )*#n! "# 4#&! )!

    'n)*&'#"'#+'n )''9')# $% !" E&#)%;

    L%& #*9!& 6*! #n!+!)!n "# 9#n !+!&'n #+!n 6*! "%& n'.!"!& )! $%(!# 6*! #(3#n

    )'&/'n*')% # *n '/% "!n% .*!".#n # +#! &%"% $## !" 200 &! "%9# !)*+' "# $%(!#;

    L# )!+!"!#+'n )!" +!+'/'!n% )!/%984'+% 4*! 9!n!#"'#)# $*!& #(3#n

    !7$!'/!n#)% *n# !7$"%&'n )!/%984'+#, !" $%+!&% )! *(#n'#+'n &! +%n&%"')# )! #"

    4%/# 6*! "# # )! *(#n'#+'n # !& &*$!'% # "# /'#) !n %)%& "%& $#3&!& #"+#n#

    9#n $#! )! "# !9'n !n &* +%n-*n% +%n *n &!&9% #+'# /#%!& #& !n "#& !+%n%/3#&

    /8& 9#n)!& *n $#n 6*! # !# $!+!$'("! !n "# 4#&! #n!'% )! )!%""%;

    L# %4!# "#(%#" $!&!n# *n +!+'/'!n% /* 4*!! )!&)! "%& #%& &!!n# !&% )!(')% #"

    )%("! '/$#+% )!" +!+'/'!n% !n "# $%("#+'n !n !)#) )! #(#-# )! "# /#% 

     $#'+'$#+'n "#(%#" 4!/!n'n#; E" $%(! )!&!/$!% )!" /!+#)% )! #(#-% #&#

    +%/'!n%& )! "# $'/!# )+#)# )!" &'9"% ==I 4*! )!.#&#)% !&*"#)% )! 4#+%!&

    !+%n/'+%& !n $#'+*"# )!" "!n% +!+'/'!n%; E" )!!'%% "#(%#" )*#n! "# 4#&! 'n'+'#"

    )! "#& !4%/#& &! +%n+!n !n S*)#/'+#, /%&#n)% *n# 'n+')!n+'# )!+'&'.# )! "%&)'&'n%& $#%n!& )! 'n&!+'n 'n!n#+'%n#" )! "#& !+%n%/3#& "#'n%#/!'+#n#&@ !" )!!'%%

    "#(%#" 4*! #/('n 9!n!#"'#)% )*#n! "# /!)'# )+#)# $!)')# # 6*! #4!+% $% '9*#" #

    "#& &*(!9'%n!&; P% %# $#! # 6*! )!&#+# +%/% #"9*n%& $#3&!& +%n *n# /!-% 

    )'&'(*+'n )!" 'n9!&% #n !7$!'/!n#)% *n )!!'%% !n "#& )%& "'/#& )+#)#&, !n

    #n% 6*! %%& +%n /#"# )'&'(*+'n #n !7$!'/!n#)% *n# /!-%3# /%&#)# !n *n#

    +%n.!9!n+'# !9'%n#" #+'# n'.!"!& 'n!/!)'%& )! )!&'9*#")#);

    L%& !4!+%& &%(! "#& !4%/#& !&*+*#"!& &%(! "# )'&'(*+'n )!" 'n9!&% #n &')%

    %(-!% )! /*+%& )!(#!& !n &' "#& !4%/#& 9!n!#%n $!)!)%!& 9#n#)%!& $% #"

    #n &* '/$#+% )'&'(*'.% *.% !n #"9*n%& $#3&!& !4!+%& n!9#'.%&;

  • 8/20/2019 Ensayo Final Desarrollo Economico 2 Referenciado 1

    13/31

    L# $%(!# )!&'9*#")#) !n #/'+# "#'n# &! # /%&#)% )'n8/'+# )!&)! "# )+#)# )! "%&

    0 #&# n*!&%& )3#&, &! .'% *n )!!'%% &*&#n+'#" "*!9% )! "# #$!*# )! "%& /!+#)%&

    !n $'/!# 4#&!, !n "# &!9*n)# *n# )'&/'n*+'n )! "# )!&'9*#")#) # $#' )! /!)'#)%& )!

    "# $'/!# )+#)# )!" &!9*n)% /'"!n'% &! #n !#"'#)% #.#n+!& !n !&%& 3n)'+!& "%& +*#"!&

    .#/%& # !7$"'+# )! +/% # &')% ! /!-%3# !" '/$#+% &%+'#" 6*! # ""!.#)% # n*!&#

    9!n!;

    En "%& "'/%& 15 #%& *n%& 100 /'""%n!& )! "#'n%#/!'+#n%& "'!%n )! "# $%(!# , &'n

    !/(#9%, "# )'&#n+'# 6*! "%& &!$## )! "%& /8& '+%& #$!n#& # .#'#)% #%# ('!n &!9n

    !&'/#+'%n!& )!" B#n+% M*n)'#" !" C!n% )! E&*)'%& D'&'(*'.%&, L#(%#"!&

    S%+'#"!& CEDLAS, Q4'+# S*(#'#n# '!n! *n n'.!" )! )!&'9*#")#) )!" 5,5, &!9*')%

     $% A/'+# L#'n# 52, (#&#n! "!-%& )! A&'# , E*%$# )!" E&! A&'# C!n#"

    ?,;

    P## ## )! !7$"'+# !&%& )#%& !&$!+% # #/'+# "#'n# !& n!+!'% !n! !n +*!n#

    #&$!+%& '&'+%& # 6*! !" /%)!"% '/$"#n#)% $% "%& !&$#%"!& !n3# !n)!n+'#& $!

    +#$'#"'&#& !&% +%n""!. 6*! )!&)! "# +%"%n'# n*!&# #/'+# !&*.'!&! +%n *n &'&!/#

    #+#'+% /'!n#& 6*! $#3&!& +%/% In9"#!# #"9*n%& $'&!& !*%$!%& !&#(# !n $"!n#

    !.%"*+'n 'n)*&'#"; E&! /%)!"% $! +#$'#"'&# )!&!/(%+% ! *n# 9#.! #4!+#+'n # "#

     $%("#+'n "# +*#" !&#(# &*/')# !n *n# $%(!# +!+'!n! )! '9*#" /#n!# *n#

    )!&'9*#")#) 6*! n% $##(# )! +!+! 

     COEFICIENTE DE GINI 1990-2010

    S' +%/$##/%& !" +%!4'+'!n! )! G'n' !n "%& #%& 0 +%n !" +%!4'+'!n! )! G'n' !n 2010 &!

    %(&!.# 6*!, # !7+!$+'n )! A9!n'n#, C%&# R'+# E+*#)%, "# /#% $#! )! "%& $#3&!&

    )! "# !9'n )'&/'n*!%n "# )!&'9*#")#); A" )!!9# "# 'n4%/#+'n !n )%& &*(

     $!'%)%& &! %(&!.# !" +#/('% )! !n)!n+'# %+*')% # $#' )!" #% 2002; S' ('!n "#

    )!&'9*#")#) #*/!n % &! /#n*.% !n "# /#% $#! )! $#3&!& !n !" $'/! $!'%)%

    +%/$!n)')% !n! 10 2002@ !" &*($!'%)% &'9*'!n!, 20022010, n% &"% &!

    +##+!' $% *n +!+'/'!n% !+%n/'+% &%&!n')%, &'n% $% *n# !n)!n+'# "!.! $!%

    !.')!n! #+'# *n# /!n% +%n+!n#+'n )!" 'n9!&%;

  • 8/20/2019 Ensayo Final Desarrollo Economico 2 Referenciado 1

    14/31

    C%/% &! $*!)! %(&!.# !n! 2002 2010 !" +%!4'+'!n! )! G'n' &! !)*-% !n 1 )! "%& 1

     $#3&!&, !n 1? )! !""%& !&# )'&/'n*+'n 4*! &*$!'% # *n 5; T#n &"% G*#!/#"#

    R!$("'+# D%/'n'+#n# *.'!%n *n )!!'%% )'&'(*'.% &'9n'4'+#'.% !n !&! $!'%)%;

    E" #&9% /8& )'&'n'.% )! "# )!&'9*#")#) !n "# !9'n 6*! #4!+# !n 9#n /#n!# # "#!"#+'n !n! $%"3'+# 4'&+#" )!&'9*#")#) !& "# !"!.#)# )!&'9*#")#) !n "# )'&'(*+'n )!"

    'n9!&% +%n *n# 4*!! +%n+!n#+'n !n !" )!+'" /8& '+%; L# !"#+'n !n! !" 6*'n'" /8&

    '+% !" 6*'n'" /8& $%(! !& !n $%/!)'% )! 1,5 .!+!&, +'4# /* &*$!'% # "#& $!&!n#)#& $% %#& !9'%n!& !n )!%""% #"!& +%/% Q4'+# S*(#'#n# ,1, A&'#

    O'!n#" P#+34'+% ,, O'!n! M!)'% N%! )! Q4'+# , S* )! A&'# ,1; S'n

    !/(#9%, !&#& )'4!!n+'#& &%n #n /#%!& +*#n)% #n#"'#/%& "#& )'4!!n+'#& !n! !" )!+'"

    /8& '+% !" )!+'" /8& $%(!, 'n)'+#n)% *n# /#% +%n+!n#+'n )! "# '6*!# !n "%&

    !&#%& /8& #"%&; En A/'+# L#'n# !" )!+'" /8& '+% &*$!# !n 2, .!+!& !" 'n9!&% )!"

    )!+'" /8& $%(!, +%n+!n#+'n 6*! &*$%n! +#&' !" )%("! )! "# &'9*'!n! !9'n +%n /#% 

    +%n+!n#+'n )!" 'n9!&%, Q4'+# S*(#'#n#, +*# #'% !& )! 15, .!+!&

  • 8/20/2019 Ensayo Final Desarrollo Economico 2 Referenciado 1

    15/31

     Impactos del liberalismo económico en el empleo en américa latina

    O% )! "%& 9#.!& !4!+%& &%+'%!+%n/'+%& )!" n!%"'(!#"'&/% !& !" '/$#+% n!9#'.% &%(!

    !" !/$"!%, #n% )!&)! !" $*n% )! .'&# +*#n'#'.% +%/% +*#"'#'.%; A&3, >En 1, !"

    50 )! "# 4*!# )! #(#-% )! L#'n%#/!'+#n# &! !n+%n#(# !n !" )!&!/$"!% #('!% %

     ('!n !n &!+%!& )! (#-# $%)*+'.')#)@ $%+!n#-! 6*! $## "#& 8!#& *#"!& !# /*+%

    /#%; A&3, "# )!&%+*$#+'n #"+#n #"!)!)% )! ; /8& )! 1 /'""%n!& )! $!&%n#&,

    #" /'&/% '!/$% 6*! &! )'% *n )!!'%% !n "# +#"')#) )! "%& !/$"!%&, )#)% 6*! &'!! )!

  • 8/20/2019 Ensayo Final Desarrollo Economico 2 Referenciado 1

    16/31

    +#)# )'! n*!.#& $"##& &! 9!n!#%n !n !" &!+% 'n4%/#">

    Aproximación al concepto de Desi!aldad 

    L# )!&'9*#")#) !& *n +%n+!$% 6*! !/$'!# # !n! *n# &'9n'4'+#'.# '/$%#n+'# # 4'n#"!&

    )! "%& #%& &!!n# +*#n)% &! $%)*-% *n G'% &%+'#" )! "# !%3# )! "# /%)!n'#+'n

    )%n)! !" 9#)% )! '/$%#n+'# )!" 3n)'+! )!" +!+'/'!n% )'&/'n* $## )# $#&% # %%&

    #&$!+%& #"!& +%/% "# )!&'9*#")#), !" !/$"!%, "#& n!+!&')#)!& (8&'+#&

    P## +%n#&# !n +'!% 9#)% "#& )!4'n'+'%n!& )! )!&'9*#")#) /8& 9!n!#"!& %(-!'.#&

    +%n "# ')!# )! )!&'9*#")#) )! P'

    https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activo_(contabilidad)https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingresohttps://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingresohttps://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Econ%C3%B3micohttps://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distribuci%C3%B3n_de_la_rentahttps://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distribuci%C3%B3n_de_la_rentahttps://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distribuci%C3%B3n_de_la_rentahttps://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_(finanzas)https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_(finanzas)https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trabajo_(econom%C3%ADa)https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activo_(contabilidad)https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingresohttps://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Econ%C3%B3micohttps://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distribuci%C3%B3n_de_la_rentahttps://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distribuci%C3%B3n_de_la_rentahttps://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_(finanzas)https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trabajo_(econom%C3%ADa)

  • 8/20/2019 Ensayo Final Desarrollo Economico 2 Referenciado 1

    17/31

    n%/#"/!n! # "# )!&'9*#")#) !n! 'n)'.')*%& 9*$%& #" 'n!'% )! *n# &%+'!)#), $!%

    #/('n &! $*!)! !4!' # "# )!&'9*#")#) !n! $#3&!&; L# )!&'9*#")#) !+%n/'+# !&8

    !"#+'%n#)# +%n "# ')!# )! '9*#")#) )! %$%*n')#)!&  "# '9*#")#) )! !&*"#)%&; T#n% !n

    /'n%& *'"'#'%& +%/% '+%/%#"!&, !7'&! $%"/'+# $% )!!/'n# &' "# !7'&!n+'# )!

    "# )!&'9*#")#) !+%n/'+# !& *n 4!n/!n% $%&''.% % n!9#'.%; L# !7$"'+#+'n )! "#& +#*&

    )!&'9*#")#) '!n! .#'#& .!'!n!&; A6*!""%& 6*! "# -*&'4'+#n % !7$"'+#n +%/% 'n!.'#("!,

    /%'.%& &%+'%!+%n/'+%& +%n&')!8n)%"#& n#*#"!& )#'n'&/% &%+'#", 9"%(#"'#+'n

    #6*!""%& 6*! +%n&')!#n 6*! !7'&!n +#*& &%+'#"!&, !+%n/'+#& $%"3'+#& 6*! 'n4"*!n

    )!+'&'.#/!n! !n "# )!&'9*#")#) $% #n% &' &! /%)'4'+#n "# )!&'9*#")#); A&3, &' &!

    +%n&')!# 6*! "# )!&'9*#")#) '!n! +#*& &%+'#"!& &! #+! 'n+#$' !n "# !)*+#+'n,

    4%/#+'n 6*! /%)'4'6*! # +%% % "#9% $"#% "# !#"')#) &%+'#"; S' &! +%n&')!# 6*! &%n

    +#*& !+%n/'+#& &! $%$%n! /!-%#& !n !&! &!n')%: /!-%  )'&'(*+'n )! "# !n#,#*/!n% )! "#  $%)*+'.')#), +%/$!''.')#), !+;K 1

     P## P'

    !n !" !&#)% #+*#" )!" +#$'#"'&/%, !" n!%"'(!#"'&/% ! )!/%&#)% n% &! *n (*!n &'&!/#

    )! )'&'(*+'n )! "# '6*!# # 6*! n% !+%/$!n !" #(#-%  $% #n% #

    "%& #(#-#)%!& 6*'!n!& %('!n!n &*& !n#& )!" #(#-%, &'n% 6*! 4#.%!+! # 6*'!n!& #

     $%&!!n "# '6*!# !!)#)# "%& !n'&#&K "% +*#" !7$"'+# )! /#n!# /8& &!n+'""# +%n *n

    4#9/!n% )! "# %(# )! B#"#+ E" P%(! G%'%K )%n)! V#*'n, *n !7 $!&')#'% 6*!

    )'&'/*"# &* $#)% #" !&'"% )! *n n%("! 9#"#n!, !+%/'!n)# # *n -%.!n n%("! #*'n#)%

    ""#/#)% R#&'9n#+ +#&! +%n "# !!)!# )! *n# (*!n# 4%*n# 6*'!n 9##n'#3# *n

    #&+!n&% &%+'#" /!)'#n! "# !n# )! *n -*9%&% $#'/%n'%, +*# !n# n% "%9#3# +%n&!9*' 

    !n "% 6*! "! !&# )! .')# n' !n "# /!-% &'*#+'n $%&'("! /!)'#n! &* $%$'% !&4*!%

    "#(%#";

    En !&! $*n% &! %(&!.# ('!n *n# )'+%%/3# /%#" !n! /!-%# "# &'*#+'n !+%n/'+#

    &%+'#" )! /#n!# '+# /!)'#n! !" !&4*!%, "# )!)'+#+'n !" 7'% $%4!&'%n#" % /!)'#n!

    !" #$%.!+#/'!n% )! *n# %$%*n')#) +*!&'%n#("!;

    1 $&:!&;'

  • 8/20/2019 Ensayo Final Desarrollo Economico 2 Referenciado 1

    18/31

    En !" &'9*'!n! #$##)% &! #+! *n# !"#+'n !n! !&%& $%&*"#)%& )! P'

    6*! !n4!n#n "%& +%"%/('#n%&, !n4!n#%n +%n /#% !.')!n+'# !n #"9n /%/!n% )! "#

    '&%'# #+! /8& )! !& )+#)#& "*+#n)% +%n# "# )!&'9*#")#);

    Dicotomía moral del colombiano promedio para solucionar la desigualdad

    S!9n !" )'#'% E" T'!/$%2 !n 2012, 201? 201 !" +%!4'+'!n! )! G'n' &! # /#n!n')% !n

    *n n'.!" )! 0;5? !& )!+' *n n'.!" +%n&')!#("!/!n! #"% 6*! n% )# /*!&#& )! 6*!! 

    !)*+'&!, +%n !&! 'n)'+#)%, )'+! !" )'#'%, C%"%/('# !& !" $#3& n/!% 1 +%n /#% 

    )!&'9*#")#) !n !" /*n)% &!9n !" P%9#/# )! N#+'%n!& Un')#& $## !" D!%""%

    PNUD; A"9% /8& )!" ?0 )! "%& +%"%/('#n%& n% &*$!# "# $%(!# #&# !" "'/% #%,

    *n# +'4# (#&#n! $!%+*$#n!; S!9n "# !.'&# S!/#n#? !n C%"%/('# +%n4%/! # F#+*n)%

    A".#!)% )! P#'& S+%%" %4 E+%n%/'+& J*"'#n# L%n)%% !&*)'#n! )! P; D; !n

    E+%n%/3#, Un'.!&')#) )! C#"'4%n'#, B!

    En C%"%/('#, $% )'.!&%& !+%& '&'+%& *n# +*'% +%n4'9*#+'n )! "# !&*+*#

    &%+'#", $%"3'+# !+%n/'+#, !7'&! *n +%/n )!n%/'n#)% !n "# /#!'# )! $!&%n#& 6*!

    !& "# +*"*# )!" 4#+'"'&/%, "# +*#" !n "# )+#)# )! "%& 0 &! .! #9#.#)# &'9n'4'+#'.#/!n!,

     $% !""% +%n&')!% 6*! "# &'*#+'n 6*! $!&!n# P'

    !n! %#&; R!&*"# )'43+'" (! &' "# #+*/*"#+'n $'/#'# $% !&! /!)'% !n C%"%/('#

    2 $:;!"'!/$%;+%/!+%n%/'#'n)'+#)%!&$%(!#)!&'9*#")#)!n+%"%/('#155?

    3 $:;&!/#n#;+%/!+%n%/'##'+*"%"#!&'&)!$'

    http://www.semana.com/economia/articulo/la-tesis-de-piketty/412014-3http://www.semana.com/economia/articulo/la-tesis-de-piketty/412014-3

  • 8/20/2019 Ensayo Final Desarrollo Economico 2 Referenciado 1

    19/31

     $%)*+! !n)'/'!n%& &'/'"#!& # "%& 6*! $!&!n# P'

    /*+% /8& 9#.! 6*! $## R#&'9n#+, !n C%"%/('# %/# *n# * %# )!+'&'n !& +%/% )#"!

    *n !/$*-n # *n# *"!#; En !&! &!n')% !n C%"%/('#, )! *n# * %# /#n!#, "# "')# # "#

    )!&'9*#")#) !& /8& #n9%&#;

    Desigualdad de la Riqueza en el Siglo XXI en Colombia

    S! (! ('!n 6*! "# )!&'9*#")#) !&$%n)! # *n# )'n8/'+# +%/$"!-# 6*! &! )!%""# #

    !&+#"# /*n)'#", !n !&! &!n')% C%"%/('# n% !& "# !7+!$+'n, $*!& 4*!#& #+*#n!& )! %)#

    3n)%"! #/('n #4!+#n "# #+*/*"#+'n )! +#$'#" )! *n%& $%+%& !n !" $#3&, P'

    '+%& $%(!&; En !" &'9*'!n! !&$#+'% &! )!&#+#n #"9*n%& !"!/!n%& '/$%#n!& )! "%& $%&*"#)%& )! P'

    Desigualdad en los rendimientos del Capital en Colombia según el Dane, l !iempo "

    #orta$olio;

    P'

    !+%n/'+%& 6*! #&!9*#n 6*! !" +#$'#" $%)*+! *n /'&/% !n)'/'!n% # %)%& &*&

     $%&!!)%!& 'n)!$!n)'!n!/!n! )! &* /%n%, $*!& !& /* $%(#("! 6*! "%& +#$'#"!& /8&#/$"'%& !n9#n *n !n)'/'!n% /*+% /8& !"!.#)% 6*! "%& +#$'#"!& /!n%!&, !&! !+%

    &! )!(! # )%& #%n!& $'/%)'#"!&, "# $'/!# #n !& 6*! #" +%n# +%n /#% +#$'#" #

    /#& $%&'('"')#) )! )'&$%n! )! 'n!/!)'#'%& 4'n#n+'!%& /!)'%& $## ')!n'4'+# /!-%!&

    %$%*n')#)!& )! 'n.!&'n )%n)! &! 9!n!!n /!-%!& !n)'/'!n%& 6*! !n !" $%/!)'%@ "#

    &!9*n)# #n &! )!(! # 6*! 6*'!n )'&$%n! )! *n# +#n')#) +%n&')!#("! )! +#$'#" '!n!

  • 8/20/2019 Ensayo Final Desarrollo Economico 2 Referenciado 1

    20/31

    *n# /#% 4#+'"')#) $## %/# '!&9%& /#% )'&$%n'('"')#) )! '!/$% $## !&$!# !"

    !%n% )! +#$'#"; E&# )'n8/'+#, )'+! P'

    201 '!n)! "'9!#/!n! # )'&/'n*' !n *n /'"&'/# +%n !&$!+% #" #% #n!'%, &'n

    !/(#9% !& /#& 'n*''.% +%n&')!# 6*! !& /8& $%(#("! 6*! "# (!+# !n! '+%& $%(!&

    !&! #*/!n#n)% +#)# .! /8&, +%/% &! $!&!n# !n *n #3+*"% )! "# !.'&# P%#4%"'% 5 !n

    &!$'!/(! )! 201; En !" #3+*"% &! )'+! 6*! En C%"%/('#, !" 10 )! "%& %9#!& /8&

    '+%& $!+'(! /8& )!" 0 )! "%& 'n9!&%& "#(%#"!&, !n #n% 6*! !" 0 %('!n! !" 0

    !&#n!; E&# (!+# &! !7$"'+# $% !& 4#+%!&: "# # )! )!&!/$"!%, "# 'n4%/#"')#) *n

    n'.!" )! "#'% $% )!(#-% )!" /3n'/%, "# )'&$!&'n "#'#" !& /* #/$"'# !n! "%& 6*!

    #(#-#n '!n!n #"# +#$#+'#+'nK !n !&! $*n% !& n!+!'% )'&'n9*' "# )!&'9*#")#) $#'/%n'#" )! "# )!&'9*#")#) !n "%& 'n9!&%&, /'!n#& 6*! !n !" &!9*n)% '$% )!

    )!&'9*#")#), )! #+*!)% # "#& !.')!n+'#&, '!n! *n# "!.! /!-%3# !n %)%& "%& n'.!"!&, "#

    )!&'9*#")#) $#'/%n'#" $#!+! !&# #/$"'#n)% "# (!+#@ #/('n &! #+! n!+!'% )!+' 

    6*! #n% !" $#'/%n'% +%/% !" 'n9!&% '!n!n 6*! ' )! "# /#n% $## #&!9*# "# /!-%3#

    &%+'#" )! "# $%("#+'n; S'9*'!n)% "# "3n!# )! P'

    %9#!& /8& '+%& !n C%"%/('# +%n'n!n !+'('!n)% *n !n)'/'!n% )! &* +#$'#" +#)# .!

    /8& 9#n)! /'!n#& 6*! !&! 0, +%n &*!! "%9! #+! !n)' &* +#$'#" *n%& $*n%& /8&

    6*! "# 'n4"#+'n;

    Clasi$icación de las $ortunas Colombianas según #orta$olio " %orbes&

    P'

    !" $"#n!# # $#' )! "# +"#&'4'+#+'n %%9#)# $% #"9*n#& !.'&#& +%/% F%(!&, &'n

    !/(#9%, n%# 6*! !7'&! *n &!&9% '/$%#n! !n "# 'n4%/#+'n $*!& '!n! $%("!/#&

    /!%)%"9'+%&, "'/'#+'%n!& )! #++!&% # +*!n#& 4'n#n+'!#& *n# 'n+"'n#+'n ')!%"9'+# #

    4#.%!+! !.')!n!/!n! "# $%&'+'n )! "%& !/$!'%&; E&! !+%, +%/% !+%n%+! !"

    4 $:;!"'!/$%;+%/!+%n%/'#'n)'+#)%!&$%(!#)!&'9*#")#)!n+%"%/('#155?

    5 $:;$%#4%"'%;+%%$'n'%n#n#"'&'&)!&'9*#")#)+%"%/('#&!$'!/(!201

  • 8/20/2019 Ensayo Final Desarrollo Economico 2 Referenciado 1

    21/31

    /'&/% #*%, n% $!/'! !"#(%# +%n+"*&'%n!& #)!+*#)#& $!% &! !+%n%+! !" /'% )!

    !7'&';

    D!&)! 1 &! # !"#(%#)% !&# +"#&'4'+#+'n &'&!/8'+# )! "# R!.'&# F%(!&, )! #3

    P'

    %%)& S#%n, L*'& C#"%& S#/'!n% An9*"%, A"!-#n)% S#n% D%/'n9%, J#'/! G'"'n&

    !&! )!+!+'/'!n% !n +*!&'n +%n#)'+!, $% #%#, "# #4'/#+'n )! 6*! +#$'#"!& 9#n)!&

    )!(!n !n)' #" /!n%& $% !n+'/# )! "# 'n4"#+'n;

    l capital de Colombia en manos de 'erederos " ()ue*os+ Ricos

    6 $:;$%#4%"'%;+%!+%n%/'#+%"%/('#n%&/#&'+%&"'&#)%4%(!&

    http://www.portafolio.co/economia/colombianos-mas-ricos-listado-forbeshttp://www.portafolio.co/economia/colombianos-mas-ricos-listado-forbes

  • 8/20/2019 Ensayo Final Desarrollo Economico 2 Referenciado 1

    22/31

    P'

     $89'n#&, +%n +*'%&%& !-!/$"%&, $## +%n+"*' 6*! !" +!+'/'!n% )! "#& 4%*n#& !&

    &'9n'4'+#'.#/!n! /* !"!.#)% &'n '/$%# &' !&# 4*! !!)#)# % !& 4*% )! "# #+'.')#)

     $%4!&'%n#" !/$!'#"; S! $!&!n# *n# +%/$##+'n !n! !" /#9n#! B'"" G#!&

    4*n)#)% )! M'+%&%4 +%n%+')% $% &! "3)! /*n)'#" !n &'&!/#& %$!#'.%& "#

    !!)!# )! LO#" L'"'#n! B!!n+%*; P'

    .')# # #+!+!n# &* $#'/%n'%, &'n !/(#9%, !" !7!+% $%4!&% )! "# Un'.!&')#)

     N#+'%n#", R'+#)% M%&6*!# )!&#+# !n *n #3+*"% $## P%#4%"'% !7'&!n %% 9*$% )!

    +#$'#"'#)%!& )! )'n!% ""#/#)%& n*!.%&K '+%& 6*'!n!& &! 4%/#n # $#' )! "#

    !7$%$'#+'n .'%"!n# /!)'#n! !" n#+%84'+% !" +%n4"'+% #/#)%;

    E" $%4!&% M%&6*!# #+! !4!!n+'# # !&! 8/('% )! "# &'9*'!n! /#n!#: E" /#$# )! "#

     $%(!# )!&'9*#")#) !n !" 'n9!&% !#4'/# 6*! C%"%/('# !& *n $#3& )! !9'%n!&, )%n)!

    .'.!n '+%& !!)!%& )! 4%*n#& 6*! #+!n $#! )!" +#$'#" $#'/%n'#" #" "#)% )! %%&

    6*! &! !n'6*!+!n +%n !" +#$'#" !/$!'#", "%& n*!.%&K '+%&, $%)*+% )! "#

    !7$%$'#+'n .'%"!n# n#+%#4'+#n!& 9*!'""#;

    En !&! !&$#+'% %(&!.!/%&, )! "%& +*#% +%"%/('#n%& /8& $%)!%&%& !+%n/'+#/!n!,

    6*'!n!& !!)#%n 4%*n# 6*'!n!& "# %(*.'!%n +%/% )!'.#)% )! &* /'%; S#/'!n%

    Qn9*"% !& *n In9!n'!% +'.'" 6*! )!&#+#(# $% &*& #"#& +#"'4'+#+'%n!& ,6*'!n $% &*&

    +#$#+')#)!& # "%& 2? #%& #(! &* $%$'# 4'/# )! In9!n'!3# +%n&*++'n, /#& #)!"#n!

    &* .'&'n "! $!/'' 'n+*&'%n# !n !" &!+% 4'n#n+'!% +%n (*!n%& !&*"#)%&; A)'"# L*""!

    !& 'n9!n'!% +'.'" 6*! !/$! # 4%-# &* 4%*n# !n !" n!9%+'% )! "#& (!(')#& 9#&!%&9#+'#& # "# !7$#n&'n 'n)*&'#" )! !&# #+'.')#), "%9# #+!&! # %#& !/$!& )!" &!+% 

    )! "#& !"!+%/*n'+#+'%n!& #9%'n)*&'#"; G'"'n&

  • 8/20/2019 Ensayo Final Desarrollo Economico 2 Referenciado 1

    23/31

    6*'!n #/('n &! )!&!/$! +%/% (#n6*!%; A"!-#n)% S#n% D%/'n9% #/('n )!(! &*

    4%*n# # &* $#)! J*"'% M#'%, 6*'!n #/('n n#+! !n !" &!n% )! *n# 4#/'"'# #+%/%)#)#

    !n+#(!#)# $% &* $#)! M#'% $'%n!% )! "# #.'#+'n !n C%"%/('#; H#&# !&! $*n% "#&

    +%& .#n !/$##)#& )%& )! "%& %/(!& !+%n/'+#/!n! /8& $%)!%&%& &%n !/$!'%&

    )%& &%n !!)!%&, $% !""% &! .! n!+!'% 'n.%"*+# #" 6*'n% %/(! /8& '+% )!

    C%"%/('# $## .! #+'# )%n)! &! 'n+"'n# !&! 9*$%: %%)& S#%n !& !" %/(! )!8& )!

    "# %$!#+'n )! M+D%n#")& !n A/'+# L#'n# !& !!)!% )! "# 4%*n# 4#/'"'# 6*!

    !/$! +%n &* #(*!"% 6*'!n 4*n) P#n#/!'+#n B!.!#9!&, "# &!9*n)# !/(%!""#)%# )!

    C%+#+%"# /8& 9#n)! )!" /*n)%;

    A&3 &! +%n+"*! 6*! !& )! "#& $!&%n#& /8& '+#& !n C%"%/('# &%n !!)!%& )%&, &%n

    !/$!'%&;

    erarquía moral en Colombia

    P'

    "%& /*"'/'""%n#'%&, !n !&! $*n% &! $!&!n# *n# +%/$##+'n !n! C#"%& S"'/,

    !/$!'% /!7'+#n% )!" &!+% 'n/%('"'#'% )! +%/*n'+#+'%n!& 6*'!n !& )!&+'% #

    /!n*)% +%/% /%n%$%"'&# 4#.%!+')% $% !" 9%('!n% /!7'+#n%, +%n B'"" G#!& 6*'!n !&

    %n#/!n#)% +%n &*& .'*)!& +%/% !/$!'% ! 'n.!n%; L% 6*! &! $%n! !n !"# )! -*'+'%

    !& (! 6*'!n /8& /'% .!)#)!#/!n! )! $%&!! "# 4%*n# 6*! %&!n#; En C%"%/('### .! &! # )*)#)% )! "%& $#'/%n'%& +#$'#"'&#& $%$'!)#) )! "%& /8& '+%&

    +%"%/('#n%& &*& 9*$%& 4#/'"'#!& n%/(#)%& #n!'%/!n!, #*n6*! +#(! !"# 6*!

    )'43+'"/!n! %+*# !&%, #" /!n%& !n "# !"!.'&'n !"!+%/*n'+#+'n #)'#" $("'+# $*!&

    )%& )! !&%& $%)!%&%& /#9n#!& &%n "%& )*!%& )! "#& !/$!& /8& 'n4"*!n!& !n !&!

    #&$!+%;

    Rendimiento #uro de los %ondos #atrimoniales -ni*ersitarios en Colombia

    P'

    *n'.!&')#)!& $("'+#& $'.#)#& )! E&#)%& Un')%&, "%& +*#"!& "! 9!n!#n +*'%&')#)

    !&$!+'#" $% !" /%n% )! +#$'#" 'n'+'#"; D!&$*& )! *n# $!&!n#+'n )!#""#)# )! )#%& &!

     $!&!n#n "#& +%n+"*&'%n!&: L# $'/!# !& 6*! !" !n)'/'!n% $%/!)'% %(!n')% $% "#&

  • 8/20/2019 Ensayo Final Desarrollo Economico 2 Referenciado 1

    24/31

    )%#+'%n!& *n'.!&'#'#& !&#)*n')!n&!& 4*! &*/#/!n! #"% !n "#& "'/#& )+#)#& "#

    &!9*n)# !& 6*! !" !n)'/'!n% %(!n')% #*/!n# 'n!n/!n! +%n4%/! #*/!n# "#

    +*#n3# )! "# )%#+'n; En !&! &!n')% !& n!+!'% #+! *n# +%/$##+'n )! "# $%&'+'n )!

    "# *n'.!&')#) /8& '/$%#n! )!" !'%'% +%"%/('#n% +%n !&$!+% # !&# &'*#+'n, !&

    )!+', &' "# Un'.!&')#) )! "%& An)!& '!n! 4%n)%& $#'/%n'#"!&, &' !& !" +#&%, !n 6*

    /!)')# "%& 'n.'!! $## #+!"%& !n)'; S'n !/(#9% !&*"# &! 6*! ! 'n4%/#+'n n% &!

    !n+*!n# 48+'"/!n! )'&$%n'("!, &' &! !n+%n## !&# 'n4%/#+'n !n $%&'("! +%n+"*' 6*!

    #n 89'"!& &%n !n !&# *n'.!&')#) $## !n9% &* +#$'#" +%/$##)%& +%n *n'.!&')#)!& )!

    E&#)%& Un')%& +%/% H#.#);

    #resentación panor.mica del Rendimiento de los %ondos Soberanos

    E&# $!&!n#+'n $#n%8/'+# )!" !n)'/'!n% )! "%& 4%n)%& !& '" !n !&! )%+*/!n% !n "#/!)')# 6*! &'.! +%/% /*!&# )! "# &'*#+'n # n'.!" 'n!n#+'%n#" )! !&# +*!&'n $##

    /8& #)!"#n! $!&!n# +*#" !& "# $%$%&'+'n )! P'

     $#'/%n'#"!& *n'.!&'#'%& !n E&#)%& Un')%& %%& $#3&!& )!" /*n)%; E" 4%n)% )!

     N%*!9# !& !" $#3& 6*! $!&!n# "%& 'n4%/!& 4'n#n+'!%& /8& )!#""#)%&, !&! 4%n)% '!n!

    #*%'#+'n )! !#"'# 'n.!&'%n!& #"!n#'.#& '/$%#n!& &%(! %)% !n !" &!+% 

    'n/%('"'#'% 'n!n#+'%n#"; P% %% "#)% "%& 'n4%/!& )! "%& 4%n)%& &%(!#n%& )! O'!n!

    M!)'% !&*"# &! (#&#n! &!n+'""%& &'n /#% )!#""! !n "#& !&#!9'#& )! 'n.!&'n; En

    "'/% "*9# !&*"# +*'%&% "%& 'n4%/!& 4'n#n+'!%& )! "%& 4%n)%& &%(!#n%& )! A#('#

    S#*)3 "%& +*#"!& '!n!n *n !n)'/'!n% $%/!)'% 6*! n% &%(!$# !n 2?, $*!& !&%& &!

    !n+*!n#n )!$%&'#)%& $'n+'$#"/!n! !n 3*"%& )! )!*)# $("'+# !&#)*n')!n&!

    /%'.#)%& $'n+'$#"/!n! +%/% !'(*+'n # "# $%!++'n /'"'# 6*! !&! *"'/% !-!+!

    &%(! &* $#3&;

    /0ui1n poseer. el mundo en 23435

    E&! .#'+'n'% !& '/$%#n! $## %(&!.# +*#" !& "# !n)!n+'# )! #+*/*"#+'n $!&!n#)#

     $% P'

  • 8/20/2019 Ensayo Final Desarrollo Economico 2 Referenciado 1

    25/31

    #%&, 6*! &! )# )! 4%/# )'4!!n! # "# #+*/*"#+'n 9!n!#)# !n "%& $#3&!& +%n 4%n)%&

     $!%"!%&, 6*! 9!n!#"/!n! '!n!n *n# $%("#+'n !"#'.#/!n! 'n&'9n'4'+#n! &! )# *n#

    )'.!9!n+'# $!/#n!n! !n "# )'&'(*+'n )!" +#$'#"; En $#"#(#& )! P'

     $!%"!# $*!)! $!/'', !n +'!# /!)')#, #)6*'' !" !&% )!" $"#n!# .'.' )!&$*& )!

    "#& !n#& )!" +#$'#" +%!&$%n)'!n!K; S!9n "# 9#4'+# ""#/#)# L# )'&'(*+'n )!" +#$'#"

    /*n)'#" 102100, )%n)! &! $!&!n# *n# $%!++'n )! "#& &!'!& '&'+#& )!" .#"% )!"

    +#$'#" $'.#)% $% +%n'n!n!&, "%& $#3&!& #&'8'+%& )!(!3#n $%&!! #"!)!)% )! "# /'#)

    )!" +#$'#" /*n)'#" #" 4'n#" )!" &'9"% ==I;

    S!9n P'

     $!n&'n +'n%& $%&!!8n )! #6*3 # 4'n!& )!" &'9"% (*!n# $#! )!" V'!-% C%n'n!n! )!"

     N*!.% M*n)%K; E& '/$%#n! $% "'/% n%# 6*! !" .#"% )!" +#$'#" $'.#)% !n Q4'+#

    #/('n '!n)! # 'n+!/!n#&! /'!n#& 6*! !&! /'&/% 3n)'+! !n A/'+# E*%$#

     $#!+! /#n!n!&! +%n&#n! !n &* !n)!n+'#;

    Di*ergencia internacional "6o olig.rquica

    P'

     $#!+# #!.')%, !& $%&'("! +%n+"*' 6*! P'

  • 8/20/2019 Ensayo Final Desarrollo Economico 2 Referenciado 1

    26/31

    )!&'n!!)# !n %n% # "# )!&'9*#")#) !n !" /*n)%, +%n#'#/!n! # "#& +3'+#& 6*! #

    !+'(')%;

    /0u1 plantea #i7ett" como solución " que políticas se 'an aplicado en Colombia con

    similar intención5

    E& n!+!'% !+%n%+! 6*! !&! )%+*/!n% n% +*!n# +%n *n !&*)'% +%n+'!n*)% )! "#

    &%"*+'n $"#n!#)# $% P'

    S!9n "# !.'&# &!/#n# !n *n #3+*"% $*("'+#)% !" 1? )! )'+'!/(! )!" #% 201 '*"#)%

    L# T!&'& )! P'

     $%9!&'.%&;

    L%& 9#n)!& $#'/%n'%& )!(!n !n! '/$*!&%& /8& #"%& )! #+*!)% # *n# #'4#

    !&+#"%n#)# !n! 0,1 10 &!9n "# '6*!# 6*! &! !& 9#.#n)%;

    P## !$#' )! /#n!# #)!+*#)# !" +!+'/'!n%, &!9n S!/#n#, P'

    n%, &! #4!+#n +*!&'%n!& +%/% "# $%)*+'.')#), "%& +%&%& % )! 4*9# )! +#$'#"!& #+'# "%&

     $#3&!& 6*! n% #n #$"'+#)% #" '/$*!&%, $% !n)! %#& .#'#("!& /#+%!+%n/'+#& )!

    )!"'+#)% /#n!-%;

    8 $:;&!/#n#;+%/!+%n%/'##'+*"%"#!&'&)!$'

    http://www.semana.com/economia/articulo/la-tesis-de-piketty/412014-3http://www.semana.com/economia/articulo/la-tesis-de-piketty/412014-3

  • 8/20/2019 Ensayo Final Desarrollo Economico 2 Referenciado 1

    27/31

    En !&! %)!n )! ')!#&, !& %$%*n% 'n)#9# +*#" !& "# $%&'+'n )! "%& )''9!n!& $%"3'+%& !n

    C%"%/('#;

    S!9n !" /'&/% #3+*"% )! "# !.'&# S!/#n# &! )'+! 6*! E" $!&')!n! J*#n M#n*!"

    S#n%& # !&'/*"#)% "# "!+*# )!" "'(% !n! &*& 4*n+'%n#'%&; E" )'#'% "%n)'n!n&!F'n#n+'#" T'/!& FT )'-% !n *n #3+*"% 6*! "# $%$*!&# )! '/$*!&% #" $#'/%n'% !n

    C%"%/('# +%n!n')# !n "# !4%/# '(*#'# # &')% .'&#, $% #"9*n%&, +%/% *n#

    !'.'n)'+#+'n )!" (!&&!""! )! T%/#& P'

    9#.#/!n n% !& n*!.% !n C%"%/('#, $*!& !7'&! )!&)! #+! 12 #%&; S'n !/(#9%, !"

    '/$*!&% #" $#'/%n'% 4*! !(#*'#)% +%/% 9#.#/!n # "# '6*!#, "% 6*! !& +%!!n!

    +%n "#& ')!#& !&(%#)#& $% P'

    +#/('% !n !" n%/(! )!" '/$*!&%&; D!n% )! &*& +%n&')!#+'%n!& /8& '/$%#n!& &!

    !n+*!n#n: L# (#&! 9#.#("! )!" '/$*!&% # "# '6*!# !& !" .#"% )! $#'/%n'% (*% )!

    "#&  $!&%n#& -*3)'+#&  &%+'!)#)!& )! !+%  $%&!3)% # 1 )! !n!% )! 2015, 201 Y 201

    /!n%& "#& )!*)#& # +#9% )! "#& /'&/#& .'9!n!& !n !& /'&/#& 4!+#&, !n !" +#&%

    )!  $!&%n#& n#*#"!&  &*+!&'%n!& '"36*')#&, !" $#'/%n'% (*% $%&!3)% $% !""#& # 1)!

    !n!% )! 2015, 201, 201 Y 201 /!n%& "#& )!*)#& # +#9% )! "#; M'&/#& .'9!n!& !n !&

    /'&/#& 4!+#&, )!!/'n#)%& !n #/(%& +#&%& +%n4%/! # "! $!.'&% !n !" T3*"% 11 )!"L'(% I )! !&! E&#*%, !7+"*!n)% !" .#"% $#'/%n'#" 6*! !n9# #" 1 )! !n!% )! 2015,

    201 Y 201 $## "%& +%n'(*!n!& $!&%n#& -*3)'+#& &%+'!)#)!&, )! !+%, !" 6*!

    9 $:;9!!n+'!;+%/'/$*!&%#"#'6*!#;/"

    http://www.gerencie.com/persona-juridica.htmlhttp://www.gerencie.com/persona-juridica.htmlhttp://www.gerencie.com/persona-juridica.htmlhttp://www.gerencie.com/sociedades-de-hecho.htmlhttp://www.gerencie.com/sociedades-de-hecho.htmlhttp://www.gerencie.com/persona-natural.htmlhttp://www.gerencie.com/persona-natural.htmlhttp://www.gerencie.com/impuesto-a-la-riqueza.htmlhttp://www.gerencie.com/impuesto-a-la-riqueza.htmlhttp://www.gerencie.com/impuesto-a-la-riqueza.htmlhttp://www.gerencie.com/persona-juridica.htmlhttp://www.gerencie.com/sociedades-de-hecho.htmlhttp://www.gerencie.com/persona-natural.html

  • 8/20/2019 Ensayo Final Desarrollo Economico 2 Referenciado 1

    28/31

    !n9#n # 1)! !n!% )! 2015, 201, 201 Y 201 "#& $!&%n#& n#*#"!& "#& &*+!&'%n!&

    '"36*')#&, "%& &'9*'!n!& ('!n!&

    E&! '/$*!&% !& /8& +''+#)% $% "%& '+%& 6*! !"%9'#)% $% "%& $%(!&, 'n+"*&'.!, !&*"#

    +%n4*&% .! +%/% $!&%n#& )! !&+#&%& !+*&%& +%n&')!#n !&# /!)')# +%/% $!-*)'+'#", $!% !&*"# "9'+# !&# $%&*# #" (! 6*! !" n'+% /!)'% )! 'n4%/#+'n +%n !" 6*! #n

    +%n#)% %)# &* .')# !& "# !"!.'&'n, )%n)! &! )'&%&'%n#n 'n!n+'%n!&, !4!+%&, +#*&,

    +%n&!+*!n+'#& !n! %#& /8& )! "# 'n4%/#+'n, 6*! n% +%n.'!n! 6*! &!# +%n%+')# !n *n

    100 $% !" +%/n )! "# $%("#+'n;

    P% %# $#!, *n !7$!% !n !" !/#, J*#n E&!(#n L!'& !n *n #3+*"% $## L# S'""#

    V#+3#K10  !" !& )! n%.'!/(! )! 201 #4'/# 6*!, !" '/$*!&% # "# '6*!# !& *n#

    !#/'!n# )! "# L! )! F'n#n+'#/'!n% )! "# P#, "# E6*')#) "# E)*+#+'nK "# +*#" n%

    !& /8& 6*! *n# "! 6*! &'.' $## 4'n#n+'# !" *!+% )! 12,5 ('""%n!& )!" $!&*$*!&%

    +%"%/('#n% $## 2015 6*! #)!/8& &! $*!)! +%n&')!# +%/% *n# !4%/# '(*#'#;

    D! !&# /#n!# L!'& $*n*#"'# 6*! A" 4'n#", !n "%& +*#% #%&, "#& ?5 /'" !/$!&

    50 /'" $!&%n#& 6*! C8)!n#& )'-% 6*! +#"+*"# 6*! "% .#n # $#9#, !/'n#8n )8n)%"! #"

    E&#)% !n! !" 0, !" $% +'!n% )! &* $#'/%n'%; En $'n+'$'% &* .!n#-# !& 6*! $%n! #

     $#9# # "%& 6*! '!n!n /8& )'n!% 6*! 'n+!n'.# 6*! 6*'!n!& '!n!n +#$'#" "% $%n9#n #

    !n# $## $%)! $#9# !" '/$*!&%; E" $%("!/# !& 6*! &* !&*+*# "% #+! )!&'9*#"; P% 

    !-!/$"%, !& /8& $!)% $## 6*'!n!& '!n!n 'n/*!("!& 6*! $## "%& )*!%& )! !/$!&

    9%"$!# /8& # "#& !/$!& 6*! +%/$#n ('!n!& n*!.%& 6*! # "#& 6*! "%& '!n!n /8& .'!-%&K;

    Un $%("!/# !#"/!n! 9#.! )! !&! '$% )! '(*#+'n !n C%"%/('#, +%/% # "% #(3#

    n%#)% P'

    +%/n !& !n+%n#&! !n $##3&%& 4'&+#"!&, $% !""% L!'& !n &* #3+*"% &!#"# +*#"!& &%n

    "#& /!)')#& 6*! &! %/#n $## 6*! !" '/$*!&% &!# !4'+#: L#& /!)')#& +%n# "# !.#&'n&%n 6*'8& "# $%$*!&# /8& !&*+*#" )! "# !4%/#: "%& +8"+*"%& )! "# D'#n &!#"#n 6*!

     $% !&! +#/'n% &! $'!)!n !n! 22   ('""%n!& )! $!&%& #" #%, +#&' !" '$"! )!" *!+%

    10 $:"#&'""#.#+'#;+%/'&%'#"%!&*+*#""%9#n)!"%$*n*#")!"#!4%/#'(*#'#1

    http://www.larepublica.co/c%C3%A1rcel-para-los-evasores-y-aumento-del-iva-fuera-de-la-reforma-tributaria_158411http://www.eltiempo.com/economia/empresas/nuevo-director-de-la-dian-propone-carcel-para-evasores-del-iva/14305896http://www.eltiempo.com/economia/empresas/nuevo-director-de-la-dian-propone-carcel-para-evasores-del-iva/14305896http://www.eltiempo.com/economia/empresas/nuevo-director-de-la-dian-propone-carcel-para-evasores-del-iva/14305896http://www.larepublica.co/c%C3%A1rcel-para-los-evasores-y-aumento-del-iva-fuera-de-la-reforma-tributaria_158411http://www.eltiempo.com/economia/empresas/nuevo-director-de-la-dian-propone-carcel-para-evasores-del-iva/14305896

  • 8/20/2019 Ensayo Final Desarrollo Economico 2 Referenciado 1

    29/31

    4'&+#" /8& 6*! "% 6*! &! !+#*)# $% IVA; L# $%$*!&# )! C8)!n#& '!n! !& $##&; L#

     $'/!# !& 6*! 6*'!n!& '!n!n *n +#$'#" 6*! n% #n )!+"##)%, $*!)#n +%n8&!"% # "# D'#n

    &'n 6*! !&% #4!+! &*& )!+"##+'%n!& $#)#&, $!% $#9#n)% *n $%+!n#-! )!" .#"% )! !&!

    +#$'#" !n *n n*!.% '(*% ""#/#)% I/$*!&% +%/$"!/!n#'% )! n%/#"'#+'n

    '(*#'#K; S' "% #+!n !n 2015 )!(!n $#9# !" 10 $% +'!n% &%(! "# $"## 6*! n% #(3#n

    )!+"##)% #n!&@ &' !& !n 201 !& !" 15@ &' !& !n 201 !& !" 20; L# &!9*n)# !& +!# *n#

    )!+"##+'n !&$!+'#", $##"!"# # "# )!+"##+'n )! !n#, $## 6*! "#& $!&%n#& 6*! '!n!n

    #+'.%& !n !" !7!'% "%& )!+"#!n, !7$"'+#n)% #)!/8& )n)! !&8n *('+#)%&; E&%, /8& "%&

    +%n.!n'%& )! 'n!+#/('% )! 'n4%/#+'n 6*! !&8 4'/#n)% C%"%/('# +%n .#'%& $#3&!&,

     (*&+# 6*! "# D'#n !n9# *n# 'n4%/#+'n /3n'/# $## !n+%n# ! $"## %+*"# !n !"

    !7!'%; Y "# !+!# !& +!# *n n*!.% )!"'%, ""#/#)% %/'&'n )! #+'.%& % 'n+"*&'n )!

     $#&'.%& 'n!7'&!n!&K, $## n+'%n# "#& /!n'#& !n "#& )!+"##+'%n!& )! !n#, C!! % # "#'6*!#; E&% n+'%n#3# +%n !n! +*#% n*!.! #%& )! +8+!" # 6*'!n!& !.#)#n !&%&

    '/$*!&%&; E&# $!n#, &'n !/(#9%, "% /8& &!9*% !& 6*! &! +#'9# $%6*! !& *n% )! "%&

     $*n%& +%n# "%& +*#"!& #"9*n%& )! "%& 9#n)!& !/$!'%& /8& &! #n /%.')%K;

    Ideas amparadas en un acad1mico Colombiano

    P## !.!&' !&! )%+*/!n% )! /#% %(-!'.')#), !n !&# &!++'n &! !7$%n!n #"9*n#&

    ')!#& 6*! .#n !n +%n&%n#n+'# )#n 4*!# # "% !7$*!&% #n!'% +%n&!+*!n!/!n! )!!&! #$###)%, )! *n '/$%#n! !+%n%/'&# #+#)/'+% +%"%/('#n%: B!!%.!n H!!#

    V#"!n+'#, 6*'!n &!9n "# !.'&# P%#4%"'%11  !& +##"%9#)% +%/% !" /!-% D%+!n! )!

    C%"%/('# $%& &*& +#&' )+#)#& )! !7$!'!n+'# &* !4!+'.# /!%)%"%93# )%+!n!; En !&!

    #&$!+% &! )!&#+##n "%& #$%!& !"#+'%n#)%& +%n C%"%/('#;

    H!!# #+! *n #n8"'&'& )! "# &'*#+'n &%+'%!+%n/'+# +%"%/('#n# # "# "* )! "%&

     $"#n!#/'!n%& )! P'

     $%&*#& )! !+%n%/'&#& '/$%#n!& )! %%#, $% %% "#)% +'# # %%& #*%!&

    'n4"*!n! #+*#"/!n! +%/% *9/#n, S#"# ' M#'n % M+C"%&

    +%n#)'++'n )! "%& 6*! &! !7$%n! !n E" C#$'#" )!" S'9"% ==IK;

    11 $:;$%#4%"'%;+%#+'.%)%+*/!n%CMS?

  • 8/20/2019 Ensayo Final Desarrollo Economico 2 Referenciado 1

    30/31

    H!!# &!#"# 6*! "# $%(!# !& *n 9#.! /#" # +%/(#', $!% !n $#3&!& +%/% C%"%/('# !"

    &'&!/# '(*#'% &%"% !/$!%# "# )!&'9*#")#) $% !n)! "# "*+# +%n# !""# &! +%%!, $% 

    !""% &! $"#n!# "# !7'&!n+'# )! *n &'&!/# 4'&+#" $%9!&'.% !4'+'!n!; P% %% "#)%,

    H!!# +%n+"*! 6*! "# )!&'9*#")#) !+%n/'+# '!n)! # #)*+'&! !n *n# )!&'9*#")#)

     $%"3'+# 6*! #!n# +%n# "# )!/%+#+'# !)*+! /*+% /8& "#& $%(#('"')#)!& )!

    /%.'"')#) &%+'#", 9!n!8n)%&! *n +3+*"% .'+'%&% )! )'43+'" %/$'/'!n%;

    C%n !&$!+% # "# &%"*+'n P'

    %$'n'%n!& )! )!&#+#)#& $!&%n#"')#)!& !n /#!'# !+%n/'+# 6*! +%'n+')!n !n !+%n%+! 

    "'/'#+'%n!& !n "# #$"'+#+'n )!" '/$*!&% $%9!&'.% 9"%(#" #*n /8& !n C%"%/('#; P% 

    !-!/$"%: #"/#n%.' +%n&')!# 6*! "# '(*#+'n n% #*)# # /!-%# "# )'&'(*+'n )!"

    'n9!&%, $*!& !&# '(*#+'n &! #+! $% .3# 'n)'!+# # #.& )!" IVA $*!& !& *n#

    !&#!9'# 6*! n% .# )''9')# # #4!+# "%& 'n9!&%& +#$'#" +%n+!n#)%& &' n% 6*! #4!+# #"

    !&% )! "# $%("#+'n; L%n)%% A".#!)% )!.!"#n /!)'#n! *n !&*)'% 4'&+#" 6*! !7'&! *n

    9#)% !"!.#)% )! !.#&'n '(*#'# !n !" $#3& 6*! #)!/8& "# '(*#+'n $!&%n#"

    +%"%/('#n# n% +%n'(*! # !)*+' "# )!&'9*#")#) $*!& !7'&!n #"'.'%& "!9#"!& #" 1 /8&

    '+% 6*! !/'n# $#9#n)% *n# # !4!+'.# $%/!)'% /!n% # "# 6*! '(*#n "%& !&#%&

    /!)'%&; P% "'/%, !" P!&')!n! J*#n M#n*!" S#n%& !+%n%+! 6*! !" &'&!/# '(*#'%

    #&# 2010 n% /!-%#(# "# )'&'(*+'n &' n% 6*! "# !/$!%#(#, #)!/8& !+%n%+! 6*! "%&

    !&4*!%& n% &%"% &! )!(!n #+! !n /#!'# )! !)*++'n )! "# $%(!# &' n% #/('n !& "#

    !)*++'n )! "# (!+# !+%n/'+#, $% !""% !& +%n&+'!n! )! "# "'/'#+'n )! 'n!.!n' !n

    !&! #&$!+% &%"% /!)'#n! "# '(*#+'n #+! *n# #$*!&# $% "# !)*+#+'n "# +*#" &!

    !n+*!n# 3n'/#/!n! "'9#)# # "# )!&'9*#")#);

    B#-% !&! $#n%#/# #"9% n!9#'.% !n /#!'# )! '(*#+'n !n C%"%/('#, H!!# n% &!

    #!.! # /#n'4!&# &' !&8 )! #+*!)% % n% +%n "# $%$*!&# )! P'

  • 8/20/2019 Ensayo Final Desarrollo Economico 2 Referenciado 1

    31/31

    8ibliogra$ía

    O+#/$% An%n'% J; 201? El Desarrollo Económico De América Latina Desde La

     Independencia; F%n)% D! C*"*# E+%n/'+#: M7'+%

    P'

    )etgra$ia

    P%#4%"'% )'&$%n'("! !n: $:;$%#4%"'%;+%%$'n'%n#n#"'&'&)!&'9*#")#)+%"%/('#

    &!$'!/(!201

    R!.'&# S!/#n# )'&$%n'("! !n:$:;&!/#n#;+%/!+%n%/'##'+*"%"#!&'&)!

     $'

    $:;!"'!/$%;+%/!+%n%/'#'n)'+#)%!&$%(!#)!&'9*#")#)!n

    +%"%/('#155?

    $:;&!/#n#;+%/!+%n%/'##'+*"%"#!&'&)!$'

    $:;9!!n+'!;+%/'/$*!&%#"#'6*!#;/"

    http://www.portafolio.co/opinion/analisis-desigualdad-colombia-septiembre-2014http://www.portafolio.co/opinion/analisis-desigualdad-colombia-septiembre-2014http://www.semana.com/economia/articulo/la-tesis-de-piketty/412014-3http://www.semana.com/economia/articulo/la-tesis-de-piketty/412014-3http://www.eltiempo.com/economia/indicadores/pobreza-y-desigualdad-en-colombia/15457376http://www.eltiempo.com/economia/indicadores/pobreza-y-desigualdad-en-colombia/15457376http://www.semana.com/economia/articulo/la-tesis-de-piketty/412014-3http://www.gerencie.com/impuesto-a-la-riqueza.htmlhttp://www.portafolio.co/opinion/analisis-desigualdad-colombia-septiembre-2014http://www.portafolio.co/opinion/analisis-desigualdad-colombia-septiembre-2014http://www.semana.com/economia/articulo/la-tesis-de-piketty/412014-3http://www.semana.com/economia/articulo/la-tesis-de-piketty/412014-3http://www.eltiempo.com/economia/indicadores/pobreza-y-desigualdad-en-colombia/15457376http://www.eltiempo.com/economia/indicadores/pobreza-y-desigualdad-en-colombia/15457376http://www.semana.com/economia/articulo/la-tesis-de-piketty/412014-3http://www.gerencie.com/impuesto-a-la-riqueza.html