entellisys 4€¦ · entellisys low-voltage switchgear section 3. system architecture figure 3.1...

GE EnergyIndustrial Solutions

Entellisys™ 4.5Low-Voltage SwitchgearApplication Guide

Contents

Section Page1 Introduction 12 General Description 33 System Architecture 54 Minimizing Potential Exposure to Arc Flash Energy 115 EntelliGuard Breaker 196 EntelliGuard Messenger 257 Protection 278 Metering 459 Events and Diagnostics 51

10 Discrete I/O 5711 Control 5912 EntelliGuard Preventative Maintenance 6313 User Interface - HMI 6514 Remote Communication 7115 Design Considerations 7316 Layout and Sizing 7717 Appendices 101

A. Guide Form Specification 101B. Type Tests 111C. Standard and Optional Features 113D. Time Current Curves 115

1

Entellisys™ Low-Voltage SwitchgearSection 1. Introduction

Since electricity was first harnessed, protecting circuits against faults andoverloads has been a persistent challenge. Circuit protection technology hasadvanced over the years, with today’s modern fuses, bimetallic trips, magnetictrips, and powerful electronic trips providing a wide range of choices. However,from the simplest fuse to the most complex digital trip, all of these devices havea common limit; all are only able to consider the current in the conductors theydirectly protect. Because of this limitation, these mechanisms are oblivious tothe larger systems and changing environments within which they operate. Allmodern trip systems can only react to what they know—the current magnitudeand time.

Entellisys Low-Voltage Switchgear is the first circuit-protection technologythat overcomes this limitation. The Entellisys “Single-Processor Concept” basescontrol of every circuit breaker in the switchgear upon what is best for theentire system under the exact conditions in the system at that moment. Eachtrip function is no longer limited to the current information available at its particular circuit. With Entellisys, each circuit breaker is controlled with fullinformation about every current, voltage, and circuit breaker in the switchgear.

Entellisys is the first system to provide the power of knowledge about theentire switchgear lineup. This power can be used by the engineer to improveprotection, by the installing contractor to shorten installation time, by themaintenance manager to save maintenance costs, and by the owner to adaptthe equipment to the dynamic needs of the facility. Entellisys helps to reducecosts, shorten schedules, and increase reliability throughout the process of designing, installing, maintaining, and owning your low-voltage power distribution switchgear.

This application guide will introduce you to the power of Entellisys and how itcan help you to deliver electrical power within your facility more reliably thanever possible before.

Welcome to the world of Entellisys.

2

Notes

3

Entellisys Low-Voltage SwitchgearSection 2. General Description

Entellisys low-voltage switchgear provides protection, control, and monitoring in a flexiblepackage that will change the way you think aboutswitchgear. All of this capability is integrated intoindustrial-duty equipment built to ANSI standardsand uses 100% rated EntelliGuard low-voltagepower circuit breakers. Entellisys low-voltageswitchgear is built upon the same design as therugged AKD architecture, with almost 60 years ofproven reliability. The Entellisys equipment designis based on the AKD-10 structure. EntelliGuardlow-voltage power circuit breakers are an extensionof the robust WavePro™ design, with years of experience in all types of switchgear environments.

Entellisys low-voltage switchgear is available withthe following maximum nominal ratings:• 600 volts ac• 5000 amps ac• 50/60 Hz• 200 kA symmetrical short circuit interrupting

Entellisys switchgear is designed to have more marginwithin its ratings to provide maximum continuityof service for those applications subject to severeduty, such as process industries, data centers,healthcare facilities, and power systems requiringcontinuous operation. It is designed to be operatedin an ambient temperature between -30°C and 40°Cand is available in indoor construction. The bussizing is based on temperature rise rather than oncurrent density (as with switchboard construction).

EntelliGuard low-voltage power circuit breakers areavailable for Entellisys switchgear in six frame sizes:800A, 1600A, 2000A, 3200A, 4000A and 5000A.

All circuit breakers can be equipped with currentlimiting fuses. The 800A and 1600A frames areprovided with integrally mounted fuses, while aseparate fuse carriage is required for 2000A through5000A type breakers.

Entellisys switchgear houses low-voltage powercircuit breakers and the Entellisys system compo-nents in single or multiple source configurations.Entellisys switchgear can be applied either as apower distribution unit or as part of a unit substation.

Entellisys switchgear is manufactured in GE’s ISO9001 certified facility in Burlington, Iowa. It complies

with ANSI standards C37.20.1 and NEMA SG-5, andis UL Listed to standard 1558, file no. E76012. Theswitchgear has been conformance tested accordingto ANSI C37.51. Entellisys switchgear also meetsthe requirements for the CSA label. Entellisysequipment has been tested and meets the IBC-2006 requirements.

ANSI standards require that switchgear operatesat the ratings of devices installed. Switchgearshort circuit ratings are based on two 30-cyclewithstand tests with a 15-second interval betweentests, performed at 15% power factor and 635vAC maximum.

GE’s Entellisys low-voltage switchgear can help youmeet today’s challenges for greater productivity,increased operator safety, and improved equipmentreliability and maintainability.

Entellisys low-voltage switchgear offers:• Safety – Human interface located away from

the equipment for monitoring, control, andremote racking. Advanced zone protection provides fast fault identification while providingselectivity. Reduced Energy Let Through modelowers the potential arc flash energy whensomeone is going to be near the equipment.

• Reliability – Redundant systems, selective pro-tection, and predictive maintenance data aids inmaximizing uptime and minimizing downtime.

• Flexibility – Add or change system functionalitywith no hardware changes, making it easy to keepthe equipment up to date to meet changing needs.

The Entellisys architecture enables the system toprovide these unique advantages.

4

Notes

5

Entellisys Low-Voltage SwitchgearSection 3. System Architecture

Figure 3.1

Historically, advances in power distribution protection, control, and monitoring have translatedinto many separate components: circuit breakerswith trip units controlling them, meters, PLCs used forcontrol, and any other relays or devices necessary.These solutions force multiple, independent devicesto execute multiple, independent actions, not tomention the many wiring terminations required. Theoutcome is complex systems that result in circuitprotection still dependent upon individual deviceslooking at mere subsets of the available informationwithin a lineup. Thus, protection and selectivity aresub-optimized. Add to that the challenge of linkingthese many multiple devices to remote locationsvia communication networks and you have acomplex system that is not designed to providemaximum protection, monitoring, and control.

There is a better way.

Entellisys is an integrated switchgear system that uses a single central processing unit (CPU) toperform all of the protection, monitoring, control,communication, and diagnostic functions that couldbe required for a low-voltage switchgear lineup.Entellisys replaces discrete devices and associatedpoint-to-point wiring that are used to perform thesefunctions in traditionally designed switchgear. Thebasic system uses a structured hardware designconsisting of the CPU, a digital communicationnetwork, current sensors, device electronics for thecircuit breaker, control power, voltage transformers,and an HMI (human-machine interface). RedundantCPUs, communication networks, and critical devicesare standard, improving the layers of backup when

compared to traditional switchgear. Figure 3.1depicts the Entellisys system architecture.

All Entellisys components are designed to belocated within the low-voltage switchgear line-up.Following is a description of the major Entellisyssystem components.

EntelliGuard Circuit BreakerThe EntelliGuard circuit breaker is built upon thesame proven design as the WavePro metal-framelow-voltage power circuit breaker, except that ithas no internal trip unit or internal current sensors.The circuit breaker is a non-automatic device andthe current sensors and electronics are attachedto the breaker cubicle. This allows all breakers of agiven frame size to be interchangeable regardlessof the circuit’s requirements for trip rating andovercurrent trip characteristics.

The EntelliGuard circuit breaker is an ANSI-rated,UL 1066-listed draw-out circuit breaker. The circuitbreaker is supplied in two forms, manually or elec-trically operated. Electrically operated breakers canbe closed, opened, and tripped by way of Entellisys.Manually operated breakers are only tripped byEntellisys. The EntelliGuard circuit breaker is availablein 800, 1600, 2000, 3200, 4000, and 5000 ampereframe sizes with short-circuit interrupting ratingsfrom 30kA to 200kA. Accessories for theEntelliGuard circuit breaker include a bell alarm withmechanical lockout (local lockout) and a networkinterlock (for electrically operated breakers only).Details of the EntelliGuard circuit breaker, operation,and accessories are covered in Section 5.

6

Section 3. System Architecture

EntelliGuard MessengerThe EntelliGuard Messenger is the electronic interfacebetween the Entellisys system’s central processingunits and the EntelliGuard circuit breaker. The primary duties of the Messenger are to function asan analog-to-digital converter of voltage and currentsignals at the circuit breaker, communicate the rawelectrical data to the system’s central processingunits, receive operating instructions from the centralprocessing units, and execute those instructionson the EntelliGuard circuit breaker. The Messengeralso provides backup instantaneous and overloadprotection in the rare case communication is lostwith both CPUs. Under these conditions theMessenger is powered by the current sensors,similar to trip units in traditional low-voltageswitchgear. Details of the specific functions of theEntelliGuard Messenger are covered in Section 6.

Current SensorsEach breaker cubicle is furnished with a set ofthree-phase current sensors. The current sensorshave primary ratings of 150, 400, 800, 1600, 2000,3200, 4000, and 5000 amps. The secondary ratingof all current sensors is 600 milli-amps. The analogoutput of the current sensor is connected to theEntelliGuard Messenger via a plug-in connector. Allcurrent sensors are provided with built-in open circuitprotection so separate open circuit protection andshorting devices are not required. Current sensorsrated 150 amps through 2000 amps are designedas a three-phase unit. Current sensors rated 3200amps through 5000 amps are designed as single-phase units. 150 and 400 amp current sensors are also provided with a clamp circuit to limit voltage on the Messenger electronics during highmagnitude faults.

Current sensors can be located on the upper orlower primary disconnects in the circuit breakercubicle. Location of the current sensor for thestandard overcurrent protective functions is notcritical but for the more advanced protection func-tions, such as bus differential, placement of thecurrent sensor becomes more critical. For purposesof standardization, the current sensors for sourcebreakers (transformer secondary breakers, generatorbreakers, etc.) are located on the source side of thecircuit breaker cubicle. This will typically be on theupper primary disconnects but can be on the lowerprimary disconnects for reverse-fed breakers.Current sensors for feeder breakers will be located

on the load side of the breaker cubicle. Typically,this will be the lower primary disconnects in thecubicle unless the feeder cubicle is reverse-fed.

Potential (Voltage) TransformersPotential or voltage transformers are used to convertpower system level voltages to voltages that canbe used by Entellisys. Voltage transformers aresupplied in two forms – two units connected in opendelta on the primary and secondary or three unitsconnected wye on the primary and secondary.The transformers are rated for either line-to-linevoltages (open delta) or line-to-neutral voltages(wye). The secondary voltage of each transformeris 18 volts.

The output of the voltage transformers is connectedto at least one EntelliGuard Messenger in the line-up.All other Messengers can reference this voltagefor their metering and protective relay functions.This allows the voltage to be sampled at one location but applied to as many breakers in theswitchgear line-up as necessary. For a single-source switchgear line-up, the voltage transformerscan be connected to the Messenger for the maincircuit breaker and all feeder breaker Messengerscan be referenced to the voltage at the main circuitbreaker Messenger. There is no need to connectthe voltage signal to all of the feeder Messengersfor individual metering at the feeders.

Likewise for multi-source switchgear line-ups, thevoltage for the feeders can be referenced fromeither main circuit breaker Messenger. In the caseof a double-ended switchgear line-up, the feederson a bus can be referenced to their respectivemain circuit breaker voltage signals under normaloperating conditions. When a main breaker isopened and the tie breaker closed, programmingin the Entellisys system can be set to switch thevoltage reference to the opposite main breaker.This eliminates the need for bus-connected voltagetransformers or complex transfers on the secondaryof the voltage transformers to maintain accuratefeeder metering.

CPUThe intelligence behind the Entellisys system is thecentral processing unit (CPU). The CPU processesdata from up to 30 circuit breakers within theswitchgear line-up and, based on the system programming, will perform the required metering,

7


Figure 3.2

protective, and control functions. Inputs to the CPUare the electrical current data from each circuit,voltage data from each power source, status fromeach circuit breaker (open, closed, tripped, locked-out,closing spring state, breaker primary and secondarydisconnect position), and the status of optionalDigital I/O (up to 128 points). This information is usedby the CPU to determine the low-voltage distributionsystem configuration and issue any control orprotective function instructions to the appropriatecircuit breakers via the Messengers.

Internal CommunicationsEntellisys uses a deterministic communicationsystem to provide the necessary fast, reliable, andpredictable transfer of data between the CPU andMessengers. The communication system inEntellisys is structured to yield fixed latency andsub-cycle transmission times between the CPUand all other devices connected to the internalcommunication system. The overcurrent protectivefunctions in the CPU run at the highest priority andthe system is sampling data from each circuitbreaker and issuing commands to the breakersevery 8.33 milliseconds or every half cycle.

The internal communications network uses com-mercial, off-the-shelf, Ethernet network switches toconnect the Messengers to the CPUs. The networkswitch has a port for every Messenger so that eachcircuit breaker cubicle has two dedicated “homeruns” back to the CPU. The internal communications

network is a closed system, providing maximumsecurity for the critical protective, control, andmetering functions at each circuit breaker.

System RedundancyEntellisys has redundancy at every key systemcomponent to insure operation under the mostadverse system and environmental conditions.Starting at the breaker cubicle level, the EntelliGuardMessenger is provided with dual power supplyinputs and redundant communication ports. Eachcommunication port is connected to a redundantcommunication cable that terminates at redundantnetwork communication switches. Each communi-cation switch is connected to a redundant, synchronized central processing unit. Messengers,CPUs, and communication switches are all poweredfrom redundant UPSs fed from dual control powersources through redundant control power transferrelays. Figure 3.2 depicts the multiple levels ofredundancy that are standard in Entellisys.

An additional level of redundancy is the backupprotection provided by the Messengers in theevent both CPUs are not communicating with theMessenger. In this rare case, the Messenger ispowered from the current sensors and providesoverload and short circuit protection. In otherwords, in a worse case scenario, the system provides overcurrent protection that is similar tothe only protection offered in many traditionalswitchgear lineups today.

8


SynchronizationSynchronization between the two central processors(CPUs) is maintained through a hardware SyncClock on CPU-A and a connection to CPU-B. Thiskeeps both CPUs running in a synchronized mannerso that if monitoring or control is switched fromone CPU to the other, the execution is seamless. Ifdesired, the CPUs and HMI can be synchronized usinga Simple Network Time Protocol (SNTP) time server.This enables each Entellisys system to be synchronizedboth with another Entellisys system as well as withother devices or systems in the facility-wide system.

Control Power System, Including UPSSwitchgear-connected, single-phase control powertransformers with 120v AC secondaries supplycontrol power for all of the Entellisys components.Ideally, there should be two control power trans-formers connected to different power sources, to provide redundant control power. This isstraightforward for multiple-source switchgearline-ups where each source (utility or generator) willhave a control power transformer. For single-endedline-ups, the redundant control power source can becustomer-supplied or another switchgear single-phase control power transformer connected todifferent phases.

Each 120v AC control power source is connectedto a control power transfer relay and the output ofeach transfer relay is connected to a UPS. Each UPSis a true VFI (voltage and frequency independent)on-line double conversion high performance device.All Entellisys components are powered from theoutput of the two UPSs except the spring chargingmotors for the electrically operated circuit breakers.The spring charging motors are connected aheadof the UPS on the output of the control powertransfer relay.

HMI (Human-Machine Interface)The HMI is the system interface providing touch-screen access to screens for viewing the status ofthe Entellisys system itself (system and component“health”), the distribution system status (meteringdata for each circuit breaker, breaker status), protective settings for each circuit breaker (over-current protection, protective relays), alarm settingsand status (for each circuit breaker and for thesystem), sequence-of-events log, and capturedwaveforms. An HMI is often located within theswitchgear line-up, in an auxiliary cubicle, and is

referred to as a local HMI. A redundant HMI can alsobe installed. This is common in substations that consistof one Entellisys system split into two lineups andin which each lineup has an HMI. Once the systemis programmed, the HMI is not a critical componentto allow Entellisys to provide its protective functions.

Entellisys uses password protection to providevarious levels of access to system information.The owner can set up different levels of accessranging from a “Guest” level, where only meteringand status information can be viewed, to an“Administrator” level, which allows access to breakerprotection settings and control of the circuitbreakers. Customized user groups can also bedefined that will give each group specific permissionsto view and/or access items such as breaker control,viewing the sequence of events log, viewing settings,changing settings, etc.

Near-Gear HMIEntellisys offers the convenient solution of providingmonitoring and control outside the hazardous arcflash zone by using a Near-Gear HMI. The near-gearHMI has the same user capabilities as the localHMI and can be positioned up to 300 feet (wiringdistance) from the switchgear and CPU. Availablein a stand-alone stack or a wall-mounted box, theNear-Gear HMI can either be in addition to thelocal HMI or replace it in the lineup.

Near-Gear Entellisys Control StackIf your application calls for keeping control, moni-toring and Entellisys system maintenance outsidethe arc flash zone, the Near-Gear Entellisys controlstack meets these needs. The HMI and all of thekey redundant Entellisys components, the CPUs,UPSs and Discrete I/O are located in a single stackthat can be placed up to 300 feet (cable length)from the switchgear lineup. This enables monitor-ing and control via the HMI and the performanceof routine Entellisys component maintenance,such as upgrading software options or replacingUPS batteries, outside the arc flash zone.

Remote HMI and External CommunicationsAdditional monitoring and control stations can be added to the system by adding remote HMIsoftware to a personal computer that is or can beinstalled on the owner’s local area network. Up toeight local and remote HMIs can communicatewith Entellisys at any given time.

9


All remote communications takes place at the HMIlevel and has no impact on the performance of theclosed internal communications level between theEntelliGuard Messengers and the central processingunits. No external communications are permittedto take place with the CPUs, thereby insuring thesecurity of the operating system.

The physical connection for remote communicationis at the system interface Ethernet switch betweenthe CPUs and the HMI. Additional ports on this 8-port switch allow up to five external connectionsusing CAT5 cable. An optional 9-port hub is availableto allow external communication via fiber opticcable. Up to four local HMIs can be connected to the system interface Ethernet switch, and a LANconnection can support multiple remote HMIs. Alocal HMI can block out other HMIs (local orremote) from controlling the circuit breakers in theswitchgear. This provides secure control for thebreakers during any maintenance operations.

Connections to remote HMIs on a LAN can bethrough a VPN (virtual private network) firewalldevice. The VPN only allows pre-defined remote IPaddresses to have access to the system, furtherenhancing the security of Entellisys.

Entellisys can also be interfaced with externalmonitoring and control systems via remote com-munications. Entellisys communicates with externalsystems via Modbus TCP protocol, providing an open,common language for interfacing with SCADA,building automation, and process systems.

Discrete I/OEntellisys can interface with external monitoringand control systems in several ways. The mostconventional means is by way of Discrete inputsand outputs. Up to 128 I/O points can be definedfor use in monitoring and control systems. DiscreteI/O can be provided in non-redundant or redundantconfigurations. Discrete I/O is designed to acceptand provide dry contact operations. A more detaileddiscussion of Discrete I/O occurs in Section 10.

Expansion CapabilitiesEntellisys switchgear is designed to be easilymodified or expanded to handle change in orincreased loading.

Metering functions, system-wide waveform captureand most protection can be easily changed withsoftware upgrades to the CPUs, requiring no additional hardware. Consequently it is possible toadd features to one CPU while the other one isoperating, and then update the second CPU when the upgraded CPU is returned to operatingmode. This capability is useful for the life of theequipment, from the design, through manufactur-ing, to start-up and operation. Entellisys makes iteasy to keep the equipment up to date with ever-changing needs.

It is very common to specify “fully equipped futurebreaker” cubicles when ordering a substation orline-up. The fully equipped future breaker cubiclecontains line and load side primary disconnects,drawout rails, and a cutout in the cubicle door.Current sensors are located in the compartmentand a Messenger is placed above the breakercompartment. Adding a new feeder can then beas simple as removing a cover from the cubicledoor and installing the breaker as well as inputtingthe circuit breaker protection settings and datainto the CPUs via the HMI.

Standard bus configurations used in Entellisyshave provisions for future bus extension built in.Should the switchgear have no future breakercompartments, additional vertical sections can bemechanically and electrically connected to theEntellisys line-up without modifications or the useof transition sections.

ConclusionThese are the building blocks of an Entellisys low-voltage switchgear lineup. The Entellisys architectureenables new, powerful protection, monitoring, andcontrol capability in a flexible system that can beupdated over the lifetime of the equipment. Thesecapabilities and application improvements are discussed in more detail in the following sections.

10

Notes

11

Entellisys Low-Voltage SwitchgearSection 4. Minimizing Potential Exposure to Arc Flash Energy

This section addresses the ownership and operationof Entellisys low-voltage switchgear for maximumreliability and minimal arc flash risk.

Low-voltage switchgear can be expected to havea long life within the facility’s electrical power distribution system. It can reasonably be expectedthat, during that time, the equipment will need tobe operated and maintained, even modified andexpanded. Entellisys provides significant advantagesover more traditional technology for owning, operat-ing, and maintaining the equipment. This sectiondescribes some of Entellisys’s inherent capabilitiesand how to use them to improve the ownershipexperience. The specific capabilities include:• Complete control, monitoring, setting capability and

performing routine Entellisys system maintenancefrom a remote location, reducing the need tohave personnel near live electrical equipment.

• Remote racking device to allow racking in or outof circuit breakers by operators well outside theflash protection boundary1. Operator safety isincreased by eliminating the need to stand nearthe gear while racking circuit breakers into orout from a live bus.

• Fully selective fast protection to lower arc-flashenergy in case of an arcing fault within theequipment. The protection is fast enough to lowerPPE requirements and decrease the arc flashprotection boundary while maintaining completesystem selectivity.

• Reduced Energy Let Through (RELT) modes enablean operator to easily change the circuit breakersettings to more sensitive levels, potentiallyreducing the hazard risk category, prior to workingnear the equipment.

• A family of fused circuit breakers provide current-limiting fuse performance across all circuit breakerframe sizes. Full current-limiting performance forall circuit breaker sizes provides optimum protectionat high-fault values.

• Fully insulated and isolated bus to minimizepotential bus faults. Minimizing live conductivesurfaces reduces the probability of internalequipment faults due to contamination ormechanical damage.

• Fully compartmentalized circuit breakers to min-imize arc fault transmission within the equipment.Grounded separation panels between circuitbreakers and barriers between the front breaker

cubicles and the rear bus and cable compartmentsminimizes the probability of transmission of anarcing fault from one equipment area to another.

• Circuit breakers use monitoring to drive need/use-based maintenance scheduling versus periodictime-based maintenance.

• Self diagnostic features provide notification thata device needs to be evaluated or changed.

• Flexible system design easily accommodatesadded or changed functionality. Entellisys makesit easy to modify installed equipment as the loadrequirements change.

Below are general descriptions of how Entellisyslow-voltage switchgear provides more efficient andsafer operation and maintenance of your electricalequipment. The specifics of some of the capabilitiesare covered in other sections of this publication.

Remote Control, Monitoring, and MeteringThe Entellisys system architecture makes remotemonitoring and control easy. The user interface tothe system is typically via a touchscreen HumanMachine Interface (HMI).

The Entellisys touchscreen (HMI) may be mounteddirectly on the switchgear lineup and/or as a NearGear HMI either in a freestanding equipment stack orwall mounted box. Another option is the Entellisys NearGear Control stack where the HMI, CPUs and UPSsare located. The Near Gear modules may be locat-ed up to 300 cable feet away from the equipment.

The HMI software can also be loaded on a remotecomputer connected to a local- or wide-area net-work, providing additional remote access to theequipment for monitoring or control.

All control and protection settings (other thanlong-time pickup) are made via the HMI software.All metering, status monitoring, event monitoring,and even waveform data can be viewed throughthe HMI. Furthermore, to confirm that the circuitbreaker being viewed in the HMI screen is the sameone being checked in the physical equipment , theEntellisys Messenger includes a blue LED light thatcan be switched on from the HMI software to verifycircuit breaker location. Keep in mind that the pro-tection, metering and control is provided by theredundant CPUs and is independent of the HMI.

1 Flash protection boundary as defined in Article 130 of NFPA 70E, “Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace.” The distance at which the incident energy equals 5 J/cm2 (1.2cal. cm2) for situations where clearing time is longer that 0.1 seconds or 6.24 J/cm2 (1.5cal/ cm2) where faultclearing time is 0.1 seconds or faster.

12

Section 4. Minimizing Potential Exposure to Arc Flash Energy

There are several benefits from this method ofinterfacing with the equipment versus the tradi-tional method of looking at individual meters, cir-cuit breaker trip units, and operating switches onthe front of the gear or buttons on the front of thecircuit breakers. • The use of a large screen allows the operator to

see multiple items simultaneously and to shift fromone circuit to another or viewing systemwideinformation simultaneously.

• Perhaps more important, a remote HMI screen,whether on a computer or the Entellisys flat-paneldisplay, allows operators to be far enough awayfrom the gear that they need not expose them-selves to the risks associated with operating liveelectrical equipment. Specifically, the operatorcan be located outside the flash-protection zonedefined in NFPA 70E and need not wear cumber-some PPE to perform such duties as circuit breakerswitching, throwover control, or other routineoperational activities.

• The Near Gear Control stack allows operators theadditional benefit of adding system functionalityor changing UPS batteries away from 480Vequipment, again making these proceduresavailable outside the flash-protection zone definedby NFPA 70E. The Near Gear Control stack includesthe HMI as well as the key redundant Entellisysdevices; the two CPUs, two UPSs and anyDiscrete I/O.

For further details on how the HMI software functionssee Section 13.

Remote RackingThe electrically operated racking device allowsmaintenance personnel the ability to be up to 30feet away from a draw-out circuit breaker duringthe racking operation, as shown in Figure 4.1. Theelectric motor is operated using convenient 115vAC power with a plug-in power cord. The gearbox iseasily attached to the front of the breaker with asliding latch connection. Allowing the user to bephysically removed from the circuit breaker rackingmechanics during operation provides peace of mindnot normally available in a low-voltage application.Furthermore, a circuit breaker may be opened via aremote HMI, so an operator can open a circuitbreaker before approaching it to attach the remoteracking mechanism.

Fully Selective Fast ProtectionSection 7 describes how Entellisys protective functionsprovide fast and selective protection. In addition tolowering equipment and conductor damage due tofaults within your power distribution system, Entellisys’sfast-protection capability also reduces the potentialmagnitude of incident arc-flash energy, based on thecalculation methods in IEEE 1584 and NFPA 70E.

The potential incident energy resulting from anarcing fault is a function of the available short-circuitcurrent at the point where the fault occurs and thetime that the arcing fault current persists. The arcingcurrent is also a function of voltage and systemimpedance. The Entellisys protection algorithmsexcel in their ability to identify a fault current andtrip the right circuit breaker quickly; first, because

Figure 4.1Remote Racking Operation

Figure 4.2Calculated Incident Arc Flash Energy

110100

908070605040302010

0IBF 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65

J/cm2

13.5 cycle clearing 5.5 cycle clearing 3 cycle clearing

HRC 1

HRC 2

HRC 3

480 volt system, high resistance grounded, 18” working clearance, fault located within an IEEE 1584 defined 20 inch square enclosure. Lines drawn under following assumptions:• 480V, HRG, 18” working distance, enclosed fault• 3 cycle = instantaneous, 5.5 = 1st time band and 13.5 cycle = 2nd time band clearing time

13


of the short time delays and, second, because of thezone-based protection implemented in Entellisys.

The effect of clearing time on potential incidentenergy may be calculated with IEEE 1584 formulas.Figure 4.2 demonstrates the relationship betweenclearing times and prospective bolted fault currenton potential incident energy for a 480v, high-resistance grounded system. Incident energy valuesfor a 480/277v solidly grounded system would beslightly lower. The values were calculated per IEEE1584-2002. The equations represent an 18-inch work-ing distance, 32-millimeter gap (typical of low-voltageswitchgear), and a 20-inch enclosure around the faultevent to represent a typical circuit breaker cubicle.

Note that a total clearing time of 3 cycles keeps theHRC at level 2 or below for systems with prospectiveshort-circuit currents of 65kA IC or less. Three cyclesrepresent the maximum clearing time for theinstantaneous function of any GE ANSI circuit breaker.The minimum time-delay band of an EntelliGuardcircuit breaker clears in 5.5 cycles. Figure 4.2demonstrates that this clearing time is able to keepthe circuit’s HRC at level 2 for prospective boltedfault values up to 40kA and at HRC 3 for bolted faultvalues of 65kA IC and above. Entellisys’s secondtime-delay band clears in a maximum of 13.5 cycles.In 65kA systems, this clearing time will keep theHRC in the level 3 range.

Specific settings may affect the HRC level for thefeeder’s zone of protection. An 800A or 1600A feederwithout instantaneous protection should achieve

a maximum HRC of 3 while maintaining completeselectivity. Judicious use of the instantaneouspickup should maintain the HRC at a maximum oflevel 2, with very good selectivity with downstreammolded-case feeder breakers.

The Entellisys system is able to employ time delaysas short as 0.025 seconds (25 milliseconds), theequivalent of 1.5 cycles pickup at 60 Hz. This fasttime band is sufficient to clear the instantaneousband of any current-limiting or fast molded-casecircuit breaker used below an EntelliGuard feederwith an instantaneous clearing time of 1.5 cycles orless. Any EntelliGuard circuit breaker set at minimumtime delay will clear at 0.092 seconds (5.5 cycles) orless for fault currents above the circuit breaker’sframe size, while maintaining complete selectivitywith at least one layer of fast molded-case circuitbreakers below. Figure 4.3 shows the time-currentplots for a 225A Spectra circuit breaker that isselective with the 800A ANSI EntelliGuard circuitbreaker above it.

To achieve better protection, it may be desirable tohave an instantaneous setting on the switchgearANSI circuit breaker that slightly limits the selectivity.Since the molded-case circuit breaker is probablylocated in remote equipment, the possible faultcurrent at the circuit breaker may be significantlylower. Furthermore, the most probable location ofa fault is at or near the load for that feeder circuitbreaker, further increasing the impedance to thefault location and thus lowering the fault current.If the fault is arcing, the actual fault current may

Figure 4.3800A Feeder Selectivity

Figure 4.41600A Feeder Select

An Entellisys minimum time delay band will be selective with the instantaneous band ofany Spectra circuit breaker shown with a clearing time band of 25 milliseconds or less.

14

be still lower, allowing the molded-case circuitbreaker to function within its instantaneous range,while being completely selective with the 800Afeeder in the switchgear. A combination of minimumtime-delay band and instantaneous settings forboth 800A feeder circuit breakers allows the HRClevel within their zone of protection to stay at level2 or below for potential bolted faults up to 65kA.This scenario is similar with a 1600A EntelliGuardfeeder. The time-current plot shown in Figure 4.4demonstrates the potential curve relationshipbetween a 1600A ANSI feeder and a 600A molded-case Spectra circuit breaker.

Main bus protection on a traditional system isalways a challenge and forces the system designengineer to make some compromises. Traditionalselectivity can only be achieved by sacrificing protection, since the main and tie circuit breakersmust be set with enough time delay to clear thedelay of the feeder circuit breakers fed from thebus. Often this requires the main to be set severaltime delays above its potential minimum. Fastertime delays allow some improvement in protection.Compare this to Entellisys. For Entellisys time delaysin a typical double-ended substation feeder, thetie and a main may be selective with the feederset at a minimum time delay of 0.025s, the tie at0.100s, and the main at 0.217s. The incident arcflash energy that may be let through by devicesat these settings is shown in Figure 4.5 The maincircuit breaker is able to keep the bus at an HRClevel 4 for about 60kA IBF or less.

However, the Entellisys system can provide betterprotection with its zone-based protection function.As described in Section 7, Entellisys employs abus-differential algorithm with zone interlocking toprovide zone-based overcurrent protection for a widerange of fault values. This overcurrent protectioncan be set from below the bus’s full current ratingup to the full short-circuit capability of the individualcircuit breakers. When set in this manner, the tie andmain circuit breakers can be operated at minimumtime delay for a wide range of fault values, whileproviding complete selectivity with the feeder circuitbreakers. The IEEE 1584-calculated arc flash incidentenergy for a 480v high-resistance grounded systemwithin a low-voltage switchgear cubicle operatingat the minimum time delay of 25 ms is able to remainat HRC 3 or below with up to 100kA IC available at480 volts. Delay-based coordination found in tra-ditional switchgear requires that the main circuitbreaker be set at one of the longer delays, while theEntellisys zone-based protection for the same buscan be set at minimum delay for all fault magnitudes,100% selectivity. With a longer delay (traditionalsystems), the calculated arc flash energy for a 65kAsystem is above HRC 4, while it is only slightly overHRC level 2 with the minimum time delay (Entellisys).

Because the bus-differential algorithm may be setas low as 20% of the largest CT on the bus, 4000Abus-differential protection may be set as low as800A. The zone-interlocking algorithm functionsas high as the full short-circuit rating of the circuitbreaker. This allows the circuit breaker to operate

Figure 4.5Arc Flash Energy, Main Bus and Feeder with Selective Delays

180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0IBF 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100

J/cm2

Tie Main 1600A Feeder

HRC 4

HRC 3

HRC 2

Figure 4.6Arc Flash Energy, Main Bus, Feeder and Branch

200180160140120100

80604020

0IBF 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100

J/cm2

1600A CB 1600A Fuse

HRC 4

HRC 3

4000A Bus 2000A Fuse <600A CL MCCB

480V, HRG, 32mm gap, 18” working clearance. Spectra CB, 600A or less, instantaneous set as high asmaximum. 1 cycle clearing time. Above CL threshold CB should be faster and limit IE significantly more.

In this example the main CB clears in .317 seconds, the tie in .2 seconds, feeder in 0.092 seconds. Theserepresent faster delays than often are used. With a tie and main circuit breaker set to be selective witheach other and a typical feeder HRC may be kept below level for for systems with up to 55-60kAavailable. Based on a 480V, HRG switchgear system, 18” working distance.


15

at the same speed regardless of fault magnitude,while remaining completely selective.

Potential incident arc-flash energy can be furtherreduced by employing the instantaneous trip of themain and tie circuit breakers or fuses at the feederlevel. EntelliGuard circuit breakers are available withseries current-limiting fuses. Class L fuses rated at2000A and below are useful for limiting arc flashenergy in 480v systems. Class L fuses in feedercircuit breakers, rated above the circuit breaker’slong-time trip setting but no larger than 2000A, canprovide significant reduction in incident energy for thehighest potential short-circuit current, while providingfair selectivity with smaller circuit breakers below.

The incident arc-flash energy plot in Figure 4.6 showsa bus with a 4000A main and tie both operated by azone-based protection algorithm set to pick up at4000A with minimum time delay, a 1600A feederset at minimum time delay, a 2000A fuse and a 400Amolded-case circuit breaker. The incident-energyplot provides an indication of the calculated incidentarc-flash energy for the main bus and feeder circuit.The incident-energy plot also shows a 1600A fusethat could be used with an 800A switchgear feeder.The incident energy plot for a GE current-limitingSpectra circuit breaker is similar for all circuit breakersrated 600A and below for prospective short-circuitcurrents of 20kA and above.

In summary, Entellisys can provide fast protectionfor the main bus, limiting maximum HRC to level 3 forsystems rated up to 100kA IC at 480v. Feeder circuitscan also be kept at HRC 3 or better with completeselectivity with downstream molded-case circuitbreakers at fault currents up to 65kA. In combinationwith an instantaneous trip or fuses, it may be possibleto achieve reasonably good selectivity with down-stream branch protectors while keeping feeder circuitHRC to level 2 or lower for systems rated up to100kA IC at 480v.

Reduced Energy Let-Through (RELT) ModeWhen an operator is going to work near theequipment, it may be desirable to enable moresensitive protection settings to speed the detectiontime of a potential arcing fault. Reduced EnergyLet-Through (RELT) Mode allows pre-set, usuallyfaster, settings to be enabled by operators, byModbus® communication over TCP/IP, or via discreteinput/outputs.

Highlights of using RELT mode include:Reduces potential arc flash energy - Typicallythe settings increase the sensitivity of the breaker,potentially lowering the HRC category. Furthermore,operators can enable and disable RELT mode outsidethe arc flash zone at an Entellisys control stack ora “near gear” HMI. Dynamic ZSI Automatic Adjustment - Breakers inRELT mode will use their RELT settings. ZSI delayswill dynamically adjust all upstream breakers.Security - Individual user “virtual keys” are usedto track RELT commands per user and per breaker.Easy to use - Quickly enable, disable and viewRELT status with clear graphics on an intuitive HMItouchscreen interface.Programmable - RELT can be turned on and offvia Modbus TCP/IP, FlexLogic or from an externaldevice through discrete I/O.Flexibility - RELT for a single breaker, group ofbreakers or the entire lineup can be executed by asingle user input.Alarming - A Reduced-Energy Let-Through alarmis available for visual and email notification. It canalso re-alarm.

Entellisys 4.5 offers up to three types of RELT modes:Single Point RELT, MultiPoint RELT and SystemWide RELT.

Single Point RELT mode switches from normalovercurrent settings to user pre-defined overcurrentsettings (Instantaneous, Short Time, Long Timeand Ground Fault).

Single Point RELT allows users to enable RELT forindividual breakers or groups of associated break-ers. The person at a site who is the Entellisys sys-tem administrator can set up breaker associa-tions. This enable operators, when selecting a sin-gle breaker, the option of automatically selecting allother associated breakers. The “initiating” breaker isa breaker which, when issued a Single Point RELTcommand, will give the user the option of alsochanging the settings on the “member” breakers toRELT settings. A member breaker is a breakerassociated (defined by the system administrator)with the initiating breaker.

When an operator enables or disables Single PointRELT on a breaker that is an initiating breaker, theywill be asked if they want Load Protection orBreaker Protection. Load Protection places onlythe selected breaker into RELT mode. Breaker


16

Protection places all of the grouped, or associated,breakers into or out of RELT mode.

For example, in a lineup where a breaker is feedingdownstream equipment, an operator can selectLoad Protection on the feeder breaker beforeapproaching the downstream equipment. Only thefeeder breaker will be operating on RELT settings.

Another example is a double ended substationwhere a feeder is the initiating breaker andgrouped with the main and tie breakers. This maybe useful if an operator is racking in the feederbreaker, or is in close proximity to the breakercompartment. The operator would select BreakerProtection and the feeder, the main and the tiebreakers would all be operating on their RELT settings.

MultiPoint RELT mode switches from normal settingsfor all multi-point relays to the user pre-definedRELT settings. The multi-point relays in Entellisysinclude bus differential, dynamic zone selectiveinterlocking (ZSI), multi-source ground fault (MSGF)and high resistance ground fault (HRGF) prioritytripping option.

When any of the multi-point functions are includedin a system and the RELT function is also included,MultiPoint RELT will be available.

System-Wide RELT mode switches all multi-pointrelays as well as all breaker overcurrent settingsto RELT settings. It is an efficient way to place allbreaker RELT functions on or off, versus doing itbreaker by breaker.

RELT User InterfaceOperators enable and disable RELT from the MasterHMI in a system. This HMI will be located in a controlstack, a near gear HMI housing, or in the lineup. InEntellisys systems with RELT, all HMIs have a RELTMode button, so non-master HMIs can displayRELT status on all breakers. The Master HMI is thefocal point for all enable/disable RELT commands.

When the RELT Mode button on the HMI is pushed,the RELT screen is displayed. It shows the systemone-line with a large yellow border around thescreen, as well as MultiPoint RELT, and System-WideRELT buttons.

If any breakers are in RELT, a yellow box surroundingthe breaker icon will appear. This yellow box will

appear on the RELT one-line screen, the normalone-line screen as well as the elevation screen. Itis evident on the commonly used screens whatbreakers are in and out of RELT status.

To place a breaker into Single-Point RELT mode,the operator touches the breaker icon on the RELTone-line screen. A message box will pop-up askingfor the user ID and password. This is the virtual keya user places on the breaker. The virtual key is thenauthenticated. Up to 8 virtual keys can be placed onany given breaker. RELT will not be turned off on abreaker until all of the virtual keys have been removed.

Once the virtual key is authenticated, if the breakeris an initiating breaker in a group association,another pop-up box will appear asking if the userwants Load Protection or Breaker Protection. Onceselected, the breaker will then switch to RELT settingsand a yellow box will surround the breaker(s) icon.

To enable MultiPoint RELT the user would push theMultiPoint RELT button. Again, the system will ask fora virtual key. Once authenticated, MultiPoint RELTsettings will be enabled on all multi-point relays.

Likewise, an operator would press the System-Wide button and supply the virtual key informationto turn on/off System-Wide RELT.

When a breaker is placed into any of the RELTmodes, there are multiple indications. A yellow boxaround the breaker icon on the normal one-linescreen, the elevation screen, and the RELT one-linescreen indicate that RELT settings are enabled. Forlocal indication in the lineup, the blue LED on abreaker’s Messenger will also be illuminated if it isin RELT. The blue LED will blink at 2hz while it isoperating in any of the RELT settings.

The user’s on-site Entellisys administrator sets upthe user IDs and passwords for the system. Theability to turn RELT on and off is one of the manypermissions that the administrator can choose togrant to a user. Consequently, operators with thenecessary skill set can be given this authority andthe permissions can be modified or changed atany time by the administrator.

In addition to local users, the RELT modes can alsobe enabled and disabled through discreteInputs/Outputs as well as digitally throughModbus TCP/IP.


17


All of the RELT enable/disable commands are loggedin the Sequence of Events log. Each RELT request,including user ID and breaker name is recorded.An event is also logged when RELT is turned On or

Off and the requester is also recorded. This includesrequests over Modbus TCP/IP as well as via FlexLogicand discrete I/O. A comprehensive history of RELTstatus is available in the event log should thisinformation be needed.

An alarm is also available to indicate when a RELTmode is on. The alarm screen has an option for theReduced Energy Let-Through On Alarm. When thisis selected, the RELT On Alarm will go on when anyRELT mode on any breaker is enabled. Like allEntellisys Alarms, in addition to visual indication onthe HMI, the alarm can also be emailed as well astaken out through discrete I/O for other indication.

Once the Alarm goes high, it is a flashing red buttonon the HMI. When acknowledged, if a breaker isstill in RELT, it will stay red. The user has an optionto Re-Alarm. The timing for the re-alarm is useradjustable from 1 to 24 hours.

This is a general description of the RELT functionalityin Entellisys. Please refer to section 7, Protection,for further description of RELT settings and specificbehavior.

Circuit Breaker and Compartment ConsiderationsClosed-door OperationCircuit breaker compartment doors have no ventilation openings, thus protecting operatorsfrom hot ionized gases vented by the breaker during circuit interruption.

Wheels and Guidebar All EntelliGuard circuit breakers are equipped withwheels and a guidebar to provide easy and accuratedrawout operation. When installing the breakers,they are lowered onto the extended drawout rails.Wheels on the side of the breaker allow the breakerto be easily rolled into the cubicle until the breakerengages the racking pins in the cubicle. The breakeris equipped with a rugged guidebar that ensuresprecise alignment of the primary and secondarydisconnects during insertion and withdrawal.

Closed-door DrawoutTrue closed-door drawout construction is standardwith all Entellisys equipment. The breaker compart-

ment doors remain stationary and closed while thebreaker is racked out from the CONNECT position,through TEST, to the DISCONNECT position. Doorsare secured with rugged 1/4-turn latches.

Racking ToolIf a remote racking device is not used, a rackingtool may be used. This is a special drive wrenchwith a square 1⁄2” socket that engages the rackingmechanism on the breaker. One racking tool isused for all EntelliGuard circuit breakers.

Low-Voltage Power Circuit Breaker LockingAs a standard feature, the EntelliGuard low-voltagepower circuit breaker can be padlocked in theopen position with up to three 1/4” - 3/8” shankpadlocks to prevent unauthorized closing.

Breaker Insertion and Withdrawal InterlocksInterlocks prevent racking the breaker in or out whenthe breaker contacts are closed. Circuit breakers aretrip free when not in the CONNECT or TEST position.

Defeatable Door InterlockThis option prevents inadvertent opening of thecompartment door unless the breaker is in theTEST or DISCONNECT position. A provision is madefor authorized defeat of the interlock.Padlockable Door LatchThis optional feature enables padlocking of thedoor latch in order to prevent unauthorized entryinto the breaker compartment.

Drawout Padlock Provision EntelliGuard and Entellisys offer an array of standard,safety locking features that provide extra measuresof security when breaker, equipment, or loadmaintenance is performed. In addition to the pad-locking feature on the breaker that keeps it open andtrip-free, EntelliGuard breakers are also equippedwith provisions to padlock them in either the TESTor DISCONNECT position. Furthermore, breakercubicles are furnished with padlocking provisionson the drawout rails to prevent unauthorizedinstallation of a breaker that has been removedfrom the cubicle for equipment or load maintenance.

This array of locking features should accommodateany type of “lockout - tagout” procedure a usermay have implemented at their facility. All of thepadlock provisions on EntelliGuard breakers andEntellisys equipment will accept any combination ofup to three padlocks with 1⁄4” to 3⁄8” diameter shank.

18


Key InterlocksThis option allows locking of the circuit breaker inthe open, trip-free position when fully connected.Applicable schemes would be mechanical interlockingof two breakers so only one can be closed at atime or, in load center unit substations, interlockingof the primary switch and secondary main breakersuch that the secondary main must be open beforethe primary switch can be operated. Single anddouble key locks are available. Key locking doesnot prevent operation when the breaker is in theTEST or DISCONNECT position.

Network Interlock The network interlock is a mechanical lockoutdevice optionally mounted on electrically operatedcircuit breakers. This is a logic driven interlock andis described in more detail in Section 5.

Breaker Position SwitchA breaker position switch is optionally available foruse in breaker control schemes. When supplied,the position switch will provide indication of thebreaker drawout position on the HMI breaker statusscreen. Descriptions of interlocking in automaticthrowover schemes is discussed in more detail inSection 11.

Isolated Breaker Compartment Each circuit breaker is located in a completelyenclosed ventilated compartment with groundedsteel barriers to minimize the possibility of faultcommunication between compartments.

Circuit Breaker Rejection Feature A rejection system is provided as standard in eachbreaker compartment to prevent the insertion of abreaker with inadequate short circuit and/orincorrect continuous current ratings. EntelliGuardcircuit breakers of a larger frame rating may beplaced in a smaller frame rated compartment,provided they have similar dimensions. For example,a 2000A frame may be placed in an 800A framecompartment and a 4000A circuit breaker may beplaced in a 3200A compartment. Consequently itis possible to reduce the number of spare circuitbreakers required to have on hand.

Safety ShuttersSafety shutters protect operators from accidentalcontact with live conductors when the breaker is withdrawn. They are provided as a standard

feature on main and tie breakers in multi-sourcesubstations and are optionally available in allother breaker compartments.

Equipment ConsiderationsFully Tin-Plated Copper BusA fully tin-plated copper main and riser bus is astandard feature on Entellisys equipment. Tin platingprovides superior corrosion protection, especiallyfor application in the pulp and paper and wastetreatment industries where corrosive agents routinely exist. GE’s bus bars are tin-plated afterforming and punching to ensure completely platedbolt holes and bar edges. Sliding contact surfaces,such as breaker stab tips, are fully silver-plated.Fully silver-plated bus is available as an option.

Bus SystemBare bus is provided as standard on Entellisysswitchgear. In this configuration, there are no coversto remove, so all bus connections are easilyaccessible for maintenance. Note that a horizontalisolation barrier is provided between the verticalbuses at every main and tie breaker for addedsafety in the event of a fault. An insulated/isolatedbus system that fully insulates the horizontal mainbus with a fluidized epoxy coating and isolateseach phase of the vertical riser bus is optionallyavailable. Accessibility to main bus joints is providedby replaceable covers, and no live connections arereachable from the rear except the breaker load sideterminals. Bus compartmentation is also available asan optional feature on Entellisys switchgear. Verticaland horizontal buses are isolated from the cablecompartment by glass reinforced polyester barriers.

Infrared Scanning Windows Two types of infrared (IR) scanning windows areoptionally available in Entellisys for ease of thermalscanning the power cables and terminations. Inbare bus construction it is also possible to scanbus joints. One type of window is an aluminummesh in an anodized aluminum housing with analuminum security cover. Also available is an IRcrystal that is transparent in the visible spectrumand it, too, has an aluminum security cover.

19

Entellisys Low-Voltage SwitchgearSection 5. EntelliGuard Breaker

The EntelliGuard circuit breaker is similar in construc-tion to the GE WavePro metal frame low-voltagepower circuit breaker, except the EntelliGuard breakerhas no trip unit or current sensors. EntelliGuardbreakers are ANSI-tested, UL Listed, and designedto withstand short circuit stresses equal to theirshort time interrupting ratings. This allows maximumselectivity with downstream devices when shorttime tripping characteristics are used. They includea closed-door drawout mechanism that is used tomove the breaker from the DISCONNECT to theCONNECT position. The drawout mechanism canbe operated manually at the front of the cubicle,or a remote racking device can be attached to thebreaker for electrically racking the breaker throughits drawout positions. Remote racking can be operat-ed from up to 30 feet from the front of the switchgearline-up, providing an extra measure of safetybetween the operator and the energized equipment.

EntelliGuard breakers can be supplied in one of twoforms – manually operated or electrically operated.Manually operated breakers are provided with aflush-mounted manual spring charging handle andmechanical CLOSE and OPEN buttons on the frontof the breaker escutcheon. Electrically operatedbreakers are supplied with the same manual chargingmechanism and mechanical CLOSE / OPEN buttons,but are also equipped with a 120v AC spring chargingmotor, close coil with anti-pump circuit, and shunttrip coil. The manual charging handle and theOPEN / CLOSE push buttons are double insulatedfrom live components to provide additional operator

safety. Entellisys can close, open, and trip an electrically operated breaker. Manually operatedbreakers can only be tripped by Entellisys.

All EntelliGuard breakers have front-mounted indica-tors for breaker drawout position (CONNECT / TEST /DISCONNECT) and closing spring status (CHARGED /DISCHARGED). Standard padlock provisions, for upto 3 padlocks, are supplied on all breakers as ameans to prevent unauthorized or accidentalbreaker closing during maintenance operations.

AccessoriesAccessories for the EntelliGuard breaker are limitedto a bell alarm with lockout and network interlock.All other functions for breaker control and monitoringare part of Entellisys and are enabled via software.

The bell alarm with lockout operates whenever anovercurrent protective function trips the circuitbreaker. This device will mechanically lock out thecircuit breaker and is reset manually via a resetbutton on the front of the breaker escutcheon. Thebell alarm can also be programmed to operateand lockout the circuit breaker for any or all of theprotective relay options provided by Entellisys.

The network interlock is also a mechanical lockoutdevice mounted on the circuit breaker. It is a logic-driven interlock and has two states – SET (LOCKOUT)and RESET. Setting the Network Interlock to LOCKOUTwhen the breaker is closed will cause the breakerto trip. In the LOCKOUT position, the Network

Figure 5.1EntelliGuard Breaker

Padlock Provisions

Open/Close Pushbuttons

Catalog #/Rating Nameplate

Manual Charging Handle

Indicators For• Drawout Position• Spring Charge• Contact Position

Remote Close/OneShot Electronic Close

Spring ChargeIndicator Switch

Network Interlock

Shunt Trip

Secondary Disconnect

Auxiliary Switch

Spring Charging Motor

Bell Alarm WithTarget/Reset Button

20

Interlock holds the breaker mechanically trip freeand also inhibits electrical closing. The control logicin Entellisys must provide a command to reset theNetwork Interlock before the breaker can be closedmanually or by control logic. Loss of control powerwill not cause the Network Interlock to reset.

Discussions of other components associated withthe EntelliGuard breaker and cubicle follow.

Auxiliary SwitchThe auxiliary switch contacts are used for indicationof the breaker main contact position. An auxiliaryswitch is provided on all manually and electricallyoperated breakers. Auxiliary contacts are connectedto the Messenger and provide breaker status inputto the CPUs and to the Breaker Status screen on theHMI. The same auxiliary contacts also control the redand green LEDs on the front panel of the Messenger.

Fans and Fan Controller The EG-50 (5000 amp) breaker is provided withintegrally mounted cooling fans. Fan operation iscontrolled by the Messenger, which turns the fanson and off when the load current exceeds or dropsbelow 4200 amperes. The switchgear controlpower transformer provides 120v AC control powerfor the fans. Power requirement for each fan is0.2amps @ 120v AC (two fans installed).

Fuse Roll-out or Fuse CarriageA fuse roll-out is used in conjunction with EntelliGuardbreakers that are not integrally fused and areapplied in high available short circuit current systems.The fuse roll-out is equipped with wiring and asecondary disconnect for blown fuse sensing. Thesensing wiring is connected to the breaker-mountedOpen Fuse Lockout (OFLO). The OFLO trips the circuitbreaker whenever a fuse in the roll-out opens dueto short circuit current interruption. EntelliGuardbreakers type EGF-20, 32, 40 and 50 are suppliedwith the open fuse lockout. Key interlocking isrequired for both the circuit breaker and fuse roll-outto prevent removal or insertion of the fuse roll-outunless the circuit breaker is open.

Hidden Close ButtonThe Hidden Close button is provided on electricallyoperated EntelliGuard breakers when equippedwith a Network Interlock. The Hidden Close buttonreplaces the standard manual close button in thebreaker escutcheon but provides limited access to

the mechanical close mechanism for emergency orsupervised operation. A 0.100” diameter rod can beinserted through a hole in the Hidden Close buttonto manually close the breaker provided the NetworkInterlock is in the RESET position. The Hidden Closefeature provides double insulation between theoperator and any live parts in the breaker. Thecombination Hidden Close Button and NetworkInterlock is used on circuit breakers that traditionallywould be electrically interlocked with other circuitbreakers, such as in automatic transfer schemes.

Key InterlocksOptional provisions for a key interlock are locatedon the left side of the breaker cubicle. Key interlocksare used to supervise the closing of a circuit breakeror the operation of upstream or downstreamdevices. Typical applications include interlockingmain and tie circuit breakers to prevent parallelingand interlocking secondary main breakers withprimary air switches. Breakers can be locked in theopen position only. Normally, the key is removablewhen the lock bolt is extended, holding the breakerin a trip-free condition. Certain key interlock applications require the key to be removablewhen the breaker can be closed or when the lockbolt is withdrawn. Up to two key positions can beaccommodated in each breaker cubicle.

Open Fuse Lockout (OFLO)The open fuse lockout device is provided with anyfused (EGF) EntelliGuard circuit breaker. The OFLOconsists of an individual trip solenoid and targetindicator for each circuit breaker pole, connecteddirectly across the fuse in that phase. When anyfuse blows, the solenoid is energized and trips thecircuit breaker to prevent single-phasing. TheEntelliGuard breaker is mechanically locked outand cannot be reclosed until the fuse is replacedand the target indicator on the OFLO is reset.

When the current limiting fuses are mounted in aseparate fuse roll-out, as with EGF-20, EGF-32,EGF-40, and EGF-50 circuit breakers, the openfuse lockout is wired to the fuses through secondary disconnects on the fuse roll-out and on the circuit breaker.

Position Switch (By-Pass Switch or TOC Truck-Operated-Contact)This optional accessory is mounted in theEntelliGuard breaker cubicle and is supplied with one

Section 5. EntelliGuard Breaker

21


normally open and one normally closed contact.The position switch is used to indicate the drawoutposition of the breaker, and the switch contactschange state when the breaker is moved betweenthe CONNECT and the TEST positions. The twocontacts on the position switch are wired to theMessenger in the breaker cubicle and providebreaker drawout position indication on the BreakerStatus screen at the HMI. They can also be used inany Flex Logic control scheme.

Spring Charge Indicator SwitchThe spring charge indicator switch is provided onall electrically operated EntelliGuard circuit breakersand is wired to the Messenger. This contact providesstatus of the circuit breaker closing springs on theBreaker Status screen at the HMI and can also beused in Flex Logic control schemes.

Remote Close Accessory with One-ShotElectronic Close CircuitThe remote close accessory is an electrically operated solenoid which, when energized throughthe HMI or a Flex Logic control scheme, closes theEntelliGuard circuit breaker. The remote closeaccessory consists of the “one-shot” electronicclose circuit, with built-in anti-pump feature, andthe closing solenoid. The remote close accessoryis continuously rated and operates as follows.

Applying control voltage to the close circuit throughthe Messenger produces a 250ms pulse to theclosing coil which, in turn, releases the energy storedin the closing springs. The anti-pump feature preventsthe breaker from repeatedly closing if the closesignal is maintained. The Messenger provides amomentary close signal (1⁄2 second duration)whenever the HMI or Flex Logic issues a closecommand. Reset time for the anti-pump circuit isapproximately 2.5 seconds.

Secondary DisconnectAll EntelliGuard breakers are furnished in drawoutconstruction. The interface between the breaker andthe Entellisys system occurs through a rugged,36-point secondary disconnect mounted on thetop of the circuit breaker. The secondary disconnectis engaged when the breaker is in the CONNECT andTEST positions and is disengaged when the breakeris in the DISCONNECT position. A feedback mecha-nism is provided on the secondary disconnect toconfirm to Entellisys that the secondary disconnect

is properly engaged. Status of the secondary disconnect (Connected or Disconnected) is shownon the Breaker Status screen at the HMI.

Shunt TripThe shunt trip allows remote electrical opening ofthe EntelliGuard circuit breaker through the HMIand Flex Logic. The shunt trip is supplied on allelectrically operated breakers and is not availableon manually operated breakers. The shunt trip coilis rated for intermittent duty and is supplied withan auxiliary switch contact that automaticallyremoves control power from the coil when thebreaker opens.

Spring Charging MotorThe spring charging motor is supplied on all elec-trically operated EntelliGuard circuit breakers. Thebreaker closing springs are charged automaticallywhen control voltage is applied to the breaker. Thistypically occurs when the breaker is racked in tothe cubicle and the secondary disconnect engages.When the breaker closing springs are fully charged,a cutoff switch de-energizes the charging motor.The closing springs will recharge automaticallyafter a breaker closing operation. If control poweris lost during the spring charging cycle, springcharging can be completed using the integralmanual pump handle.

RatingsThe EntelliGuard breaker is available in 800, 1600,2000, 3200, 4000, and 5000 amp frame sizes withshort circuit interrupting ratings from 30kA to 200kA.The model number of the breaker indicates itsinterrupting capacity (IC). EGS indicates “StandardIC,” EGH indicates “High IC,” EGX indicates “ExtendedIC,” and EGF indicates “Fused.”

High IC and Extended IC breakers are used withlarger kVA substation transformers as well as inparalleling applications. Fused circuit breakers havea 200kA IC rating for use in large network systems.

Table 5.1 lists the interrupting capacities (IC) forEntelliGuard breakers at system operating voltages.

Catalog NumbersA unique catalog number identifies all EntelliGuardbreakers. The catalog number contains informationon the breaker frame rating (continuous currentand short circuit), the fuse rating (if equipped with

22

Figure 5.2EntelliGuard Low-Voltage Power Circuit Breaker Catalog Numbers

EG 1 A 1 N XXEntelliGuard Breaker Suffix

UnusedInterrupting Capability / Fuse Type1 = Standard (EGS) Accessory2 = High (EGH) X = None3 = Extended (EGX) B = Bell Alarm w/ Lockout 4 = OFLO only N = Network Interlock (includes(Fuses for EGF-08 / 16) Hidden ON Button) E/O onlyA = 300A Class J fuse B = 350A Class J fuseC = 400A Class J fuse OperationD = 450A Class J fuse X = ManualE = 500A Class J fuse 1 = Electrically operatedF = 600A Class J fuse (120vAC Charge, Close, Trip)G = 800A Class L fuseH = 1000A Class L fuse Frame SizeJ = 1200A Class L fuse A = 800AK = 1600A Class L fuse E = 1600AL = 2000A Class L fuse H = 2000AM = 2500A Class L fuse (Silver fuse) K = 3200AN = 800A Welder Limiter M = 4000AQ = 1600A Welder Limiter P = 5000AR = 2000A Welder Limiter

Refer to Table 5.2 for allowable fuse, sensor, and trip ratings for EGF-08 / 16 breakers

Table 5.1EntelliGuard LVPCB Interrupting Capacity

EGS Standard Interrupting EGH High InterruptingEGX Extended Interrupting EGF Fused1 (200kA IC, 600v max)

1 800 & 1600A frame breakers are integrally fused. Larger frame breakers (2000 - 5000A) require a separate fuse roll-out for 200kA IC rating.

Rated ACVoltage,Nominal(max)

BreakerType

FrameSize

(amps)

Short Circuit Interrupting Capacity, RMS Symmetrical kA

Short-TimeWithstand

With Instantaneous Trip

WithoutInstantaneous Trip

600 (635)

EGS-08800

30 30 30EGH-08 42 42 42EGX-08 50 50 50EGS-16

160042 42 42

EGH-16 65 65 65EGS-20 2000 65 65 65EGS-32

320065 65 65

EGH-32 85 85 85EGX-32 85 85 85EGS-40

400085 85 85

EGX-40 85 85 85EGS-50

500085 85 85

EGX-50 85 85 85

480 (508)

EGS-08800

30 30 30EGH-08 42 42 42EGX-08 65 65 65EGS-16

160050 50 50

EGH-16 65 65 65EGS-20 2000 65 65 65EGS-32

320065 65 65

EGH-32 85 85 85EGX-32 100 100 100EGS-40

400085 85 85

EGX-40 100 100 100EGS-50

500085 85 85

EGX-50 a 100 100

240 (254)

EGS-08800

30 42 30EGH-08 42 50 42EGX-08 65 65 65EGS-16

160050 65 50

EGH-16 65 65 65EGS-20 2000 65 65 65EGS-32

320065 85 65

EGH-32 85 130 85EGX-32 100 130 100EGS-40

400085 130 85

EGX-40 100 130 100EGS-50

500085 130 85

EGX-50 100 130 100600 (600) EGF-xx ALL 200 200

current limiting fuses), operation (manual or electrical),and accessories. Figure 5.2 provides the developmentof EntelliGuard breaker catalog numbers.

Wiring DiagramFigure 5.3 shows the wiring for all standardEntelliGuard circuit breakers. All breakers includean auxiliary switch and flux shift trip coil.

Electrically operated breakers include springcharging motor, close coil with anti-pump circuit,shunt trip, and remote charge indicator switch.Cooling fans are supplied only on 5000A EntelliGuardbreakers. Bell alarm with lockout is an option forboth manually and electrically operate breakers.Network interlock is an option for electrically operated breakers only.


23

Figure 5.3Wiring Diagram


24


Table 5.2Allowable Current Limiting Fuse Sizes for EntelliGuard Breakers

* These fuse sizes are also available as Welder Limiters.1 Class L fuses less than 800A are not UL or CSA listed. Use Class J fuses for 600A

and below. The maximum fuse rating is the largest fuse that tests show will result in proper performance of the breaker and fuse in combination under short-circuitconditions. Only Ferraz-Shawmut fuses should be used for proper coordination.

2 Fuses are mounted in a separate roll-out element (fuses shipped as “XS” material).3 Integrally fused 1600A frame breakers (EGF-16) equipped with 2500A fuses can be

furnished with rating plugs from 300 – 1600A. Breakers equipped with 2500A fusescannot be modified to accept lower rated fuses. EGF-16 breakers equipped with2000A and lower fuses cannot be upgraded to 2500A fuses. The maximum trip rating for an EGF-16 breaker is 1200A when furnished with other than 2500A fuses(see table for min/max fuse rating for each rating plug value). 2500A fuses precludethe use of shutters in the breaker cubicle.

BreakerType

FrameSize

SensorRating

Messenger CurrentSetting Switch Ferraz-Shawmut Fuse Range1

EGF-08 800A

150A

400A

800A

Below 150A

300/350/400/450/500/600/800*/1000*/1200*/1600*A

150A

225A

300A

400A400/450/500/600/800*/1000*/

1200/1600*A

600A 600/800*/1000*/1200/1600*A

700A 800*/1000*/1200/1600*A

800A 1000*/1200/1600*A

EGF-16 1600A

800A

1600A

400A and below450/500/600/800*/1000*/1200/

1600*/2000*/2500A3

500A500/600/800*/1000*/1200/

1600*/2000*/2500A3

600A600/800*/1000*/1200/1600*/

2000*/2500A3

700A 800*/1000*/1200/1600*/2000*/2500A3800A

1000A 1000*/1200/1600*/2000*/2500A3

1200A 1600*/2000*/2500A3

1600A 2500A3

EGS-202 2000A 2000A 2000A and below 2000/2500A

EGS-322 3200A 3200A 3200A and below 2000/2500/3000/4000A

EGS-402 4000A 4000A 4000A and below2000/2500/3000/4000/5000A

EGS-502 5000A 5000A 5000A and below

25

Entellisys Low-Voltage SwitchgearSection 6. EntelliGuard Messenger

The EntelliGuard Messenger (see Figure 6.1) islocated above each circuit breaker cubicle andprovides the interface between the CPUs and theEntelliGuard circuit breaker. The Messenger providesanalog-to-digital conversion of the current signalstaken from the breaker cubicle-mounted currentsensors and of the voltage signals taken from voltage transformers connected to the switchgearbus. Any close, open, trip, or lockout commandsissued to the circuit breaker by the CPU are trans-lated by the Messenger and result in signals to theappropriate coils on the circuit breaker. Feedbackfrom the circuit breaker, confirming any operation,is sent back through the Messenger to the CPU.

An EntelliGuard Messenger is configured at thefactory with the appropriate breaker frame rating,current sensor rating, and overcurrent trip charac-teristics for each circuit breaker cubicle in theswitchgear line-up. The front panel of the Messengerhas two rotary switches for setting the trip rating ofthe breaker installed in the associated cubicle. Oneswitch selects the current setting of the cubicle basedon the installed current sensors. This is similar to theselection of a rating plug for a traditional breakertrip unit. The other switch selects the long time(overload) pick-up setting for the circuit (50-110%of the current setting). Table 6.1 lists the availablecurrent sensor values and associated current settings.

The Messenger has the following user-interface,programming, and protection features.

Indicator LEDsFront panel LEDs show the location and operatingstatus of the circuit breaker and the health of thesystem electronics, and they aid in programmingthe system.

• Locator LED. Positioned at the left end of the LEDarray, the blue Locator LED is used to identify amessenger prior to changing protection settingor before opening or closing a breaker. When

preparing to set any of the breaker protectivefunctions, the Locator LED can be set to flash foreither 10 or 30 seconds and provides visual veri-fication, from the front of the switchgear, thatthe intended circuit is being correctly addressed.The Locator LED can also be used in the samemanner prior to executing a breaker CLOSE, OPEN,or TRIP command from the HMI. Entellisys alsoprovides preventative maintenance informationfor each circuit breaker based on the fault dutyof the breaker. The Locator LED can be used tocorrectly identify a circuit breaker when using thepreventative maintenance screens on the HMI.

The blue LED is also used to identify messengersoperating in Reduced Energy Let-Through (RELT)mode. When a breaker is set to any of the RELTmodes the blue LED will flash at a rate of 2hz.This provides local indication that a breaker isusing RELT settings for protection.

• Communication LED. Two green LEDs (labeledCom 1 and Com 2) provide status indication ofthe two communication channels to eachMessenger. An illuminated LED indicates thecommunication wiring between the Messengerand the CPU is intact and information is beingtransmitted and received.

• Power LED. Two redundant sources of 120v ACpower each Messenger. The green Power LEDindicates the Messenger is receiving proper 120vAC control power.

• Breaker status LEDs. Two LEDs indicate circuitbreaker OPEN / CLOSE status. The green LEDindicates the breaker is open. The red LED indicatesthe breaker is closed. The red LED also monitors thebreaker shunt trip coil and its control power source.

Test PortThe Messenger is provided with a DB-type 25-pinconnector, accessible from the front panel, forconnection to the Entellisys portable test kit. Sevenanalog signals representing three-phase voltages

Figure 6.1EntelliGuard Messenger

26

Section 6. EntelliGuard Messenger

and currents plus neutral current are injecteddirectly into a Messenger’s A/D converter via theTest Port connector. The test kit can change thewaveform characteristics of the sinusoidal signalsto test the different overcurrent and protectiverelay functions for each circuit breaker.

Sealable CoverA hinged, clear Lexan cover is installed over theLEDs, switches, and Test Port. The cover includesprovisions for wire seals so that the current settingand long time pick-up selections can sealed tomeet the requirements of NEC for restrictedaccess to the trip setting adjustments.

Self-Powered ModeThe Messenger is normally powered from theswitchgear redundant control power buses withdual UPS back-up. In this operating mode, theMessenger passes digital signals of the currents andvoltages to the dual CPUs and, in turn, receives andexecutes instructions from the CPUs if the currentsand/or voltages require a breaker operation.

The Messenger provides overcurrent protection forthe circuit in the event all control power is lost(loss of both control power sources and bothback-up UPSs) or both redundant communicationnetworks or redundant CPUs become unavailable.The Messenger’s self-powered mode utilizes powerfrom the cubicle-mounted current sensors topower its internal circuits. When running in self-powered mode, the overcurrent protection curvesbuilt in to the Messenger utilize the maximumpick-up and delay settings for each applicableovercurrent function (overload, short circuit, andground fault). Using the maximum pick-up anddelay settings insures the self-powered overcurrentcharacteristics in the Messenger will not interfere

with the programmed settings running in the CPUs.

Compared to traditional low voltage circuit protection,the self-powered mode is similar to having a back-up integral trip unit on a circuit breaker thatis programmed with all overcurrent characteristicsset at their maximum values.

i-ButtonA factory-programmed memory device called the “i-Button” provides the unique protection characteristics for each breaker cubicle in theswitchgear line-up. Characteristics include thebreaker frame size, the installed current sensorrating, and the overcurrent characteristics for the circuit. The i-Button programming determinesthe upper and lower limits for the overcurrent protection settings and the type of ground faultprotection (none, standard, or switchable).

The i-Button and holder are tethered to the breakercubicle and communicate with the Messenger viaa slot in the side of the Messenger. Now, the uniquecharacteristics of a given circuit are captured inthe i-Button, which becomes a part of the breakercubicle and therefore a part of the connected load.

The i-Button – Messenger – EntelliGuard breakerconcept of Entellisys simplifies the task of determiningcomponent interchangeability and the quantity andtype of spare parts to have on hand. All EntelliGuardMessengers are identical; therefore, only one catalognumber is required for spare parts stocking. AllEntelliGuard breakers for a given frame size andfunction are identical, thus requiring fewer sparebreakers for the range of loads in a plant. Componentinterchangeability and reduced spare parts is oneof the recognizable benefits of the Entellisys concept.

Table 6.1Current Sensor Values and Associated Current SettingsCurrent SensorRating (Amps)

Current Setting(Amps)

Current SensorRating (Amps)






150

80

800

300

2000

750

4000

1600100 400 800 2000125 450 1000 2500150 500 1200 3000

400

150 600 1500 3200200 700 1600 3600225 800 2000 4000250

1600

600

3200

12005000

3200300 800 1600 4000400 1000 2000 5000

1100 24001200 25001600 3000

3200

27

Entellisys Low-Voltage SwitchgearSection 7. Protection

Entellisys low-voltage switchgear offers a broadarray of familiar and expanded protection capabili-ties. All modes of protection except high-resistanceground-fault detection are available from everyCPU without additional hardware. If your Entellisysequipment does not have the type of protectionenabled that your power distribution system needsnow, it can probably be easily added.

The Entellisys centralized single-processor systemprovides backup protection at the individual circuitbreaker level. It offers overcurrent protection usingtraditional inverse-time characteristics, plus single-point relay protection, such as under- and overvoltage protection. All of this protection is provided by two CPUs, each providing redundantback-up to the other at all times. In addition, moreredundant overcurrent protection is provided at theindividual circuit breaker level by the Messengerassociated with each circuit.

However, the Entellisys system offers much morethan these traditional protection modes. Its abilityto simultaneously consider all the voltages, currents,and circuit breaker conditions within the systemprovides zone-based protection and optimization ofprotective settings for a variety of situations. Thisincludes changes in the topology or number ofsources available, changes in load demand, and evenchanges in factors external to the gear that are com-municated via the Entellisys system’s Modbus overTCP/IP interface or Discrete I/O capability.

The result is selective protection for a wide rangeof fault values by delivering fast circuit interruptionwhen needed, while shutting down only those

circuits that absolutely must be shut down.Maximum system reliability, lower fault energy let-through, and lower arc flash energy can all beachieved simultaneously. Minimum let-throughand minimum arc flash energy can be obtainedvia quick settings when needed most.

This section describes the protective capabilitiesprovided by Entellisys. Further detail is providedby various referenced GE publications thatdescribe specific functions in more detail. Settingup and defining the exact protective levels you needare described in the appropriate GE Entellisysinstruction book.

Traditional Overcurrent Protection Broad range of settings Each circuit breaker cubicle contains a set of currenttransformers (CTs) that provide the current signalsfor all overcurrent, relay, and metering functions.The Entellisys system needs no additional CTs. Forcircuit breaker frames rated at 2000 amperes andabove, the CTs are sized to the circuit breaker frame.Smaller frames may have one of several CTs as listed in Table 7.1. All protective settings foreach circuit breaker depend on the CTs in the corresponding cubicle.

The long-time pickup for each circuit breaker is setat the Messenger above each circuit breaker. Therest of the protective settings for each circuitreside in software at each of the redundantEntellisys system central processor units (CPUs).The settings may be adjusted via the human-machine interface (HMI) for the system. Theexception to this is the instantaneous trip setting

Table 7.1Current Sensors and Current Switch Settings Available for Each CB Frame

Rating switch and CT rating is set at the Messenger.

Frame Size Sensors Rating Switch Values in Amperes

800

150 80, 100, 125, 150

400 150, 200, 225, 250, 300, 400

800 300, 400, 450, 500, 600, 700, 800

1600800 300, 400, 450, 500, 600, 700, 800

1600 600, 800, 1000, 1100,1200, 1600

2000 2000 750, 800, 1000, 1200, 1500, 1600, 2000

3200 3200 1200, 1600, 2000, 2400, 2500, 3000, 3200

4000 4000 1600, 2000, 2500, 3000, 3200, 3600, 4000

5000 5000 3200, 4000, 5000

28

that is made at the HMI and communicated to theEntellisys Messenger, where it is resident until theCPU communicates a different setting. The following is a list of the single-breaker over-current protection functions available: • Long-time pickup (set at Messenger)

– Four long-time delay bands (set via HMI) • Short-time (selectable and set at HMI)

– I2T slope in or out (selectable at HMI) – Seven short-time delay bands (set via HMI)

• Ground fault (optional) (settable at HMI) – I2T slope in or out (selectable via HMI) – Seven ground-fault delay bands (set via HMI) – Available from factory with GF protection, without

GF protection or with selectable GF protection • Adjustable instantaneous (selectable and

adjustable via HMI) • Backup protective function for each CB (set at

Messenger via long-time pickup setting)

The nominal setting values and available currenttransformers are listed in Tables 7.1-7.8.

Time-delay bands for short-time and ground-fault protectionThe Entellisys system provides seven time-delaybands for both short-time and ground-fault functions.The minimum time-delay bands for both short-timeand ground-fault protection allow the protection

algorithm to sense and initiate a trip as quickly as1.5 cycles, corresponding to 25 ms for 60 Hz or 30ms for 50 Hz systems. This allows circuit breakersto clear in less than six cycles, regardless of faultmagnitude, while being selective with molded-casecircuit breakers that may be connected downstreamof the switchgear feeder. The time-delay bands for EntelliGuard circuit breakers are selective withany molded-case circuit breaker that is able toclear in one cycle or less.

Heating and cooling algorithm The long-time, short-time, and ground-fault protection functions are provided with an algorithmthat accounts for the heating and cooling effectsof intermittent high currents. A counter is startedwhen the long-time function is engaged. If the circuitcurrent falls below the threshold, the long-timefunction is no longer in pickup and the counter startsdecrementing. If the current level increases to againengage the long-time pickup, the counter resumesincrementing from its present count. This protectsagainst the potentially harmful effects of cyclinghigh loads that slowly build up heat in conductors.

Instantaneous setting When provided, instantaneous protection residesat the Entellisys Messenger, but is set via the HMI.The adjustment range for instantaneous protection

Section 7. Protection

Table 7.2Long Time Pick Up

LTPU determined by setting switch and rating switch position. Both are located and set at the Messenger.

Set at .5 to 1.1 of rating switch value

Long Time Pick Up band centered at nominal current value ±10%

Table 7.4Short Time Pick Up

Short time pick up is set at the CPU via the HMI.

Set at 1.5 to 9 of Long Time Pick Up value

Short Time Pick Up band centered at nominal current value ±10%

Table 7.3Long Time Delay Bands

This time represents the nominal pick up time for the band and excludes circuit breaker clearing time. The trip-time band width in the time scale is +20% to account for circuit breaker clearing time and CT sensing accuracy. Refer to the time current curve.

Long TimeDelay Bands

Nominal Time at which Time Delay BandsIntersect the Long Time Pick Up Band

Band 1 108 secondsBand 2 216 secondsBand 3 432 secondsBand 4 900 seconds

Table 7.5Short Time Delay Bands (Milliseconds)

Where the I2T band is enabled, the slope of the band shall be an I2T =K slope. Where K = 18 and I = (C x IRMS) = Rating Switch x Setting Switch x IRMS. The I2T slope shall extend from the short time pick up band to the time delay band selected. Refer to the time current curve.

Band 60 Hz 50 HzPU Clear PU Clear

1 25 92 30 902 58 158 60 1603 100 200 100 2004 167 267 170 2705 217 317 220 3206 283 383 280 3807 400 500 400 500

29


Table 7.6Instantaneous Pick Up Settings

Setting is a multiple of the Setting Switch Value. Minimum instantaneous setting is 1.5. Settable in increments of .5. Instantaneous is set via the HMI but it is resident at the Messenger and the instantaneous trip is calculated at the Messenger independent of activity at the CPU.

Circuit BreakerFrame Size

Maximum Instantaneous SettingShort-Time Enabled Short-Time Not Enabled

800 15 101600 15 102000 15 103200 13 104000 9 95000 7 7

Table 7.8Ground Fault Delay Bands (Milliseconds)

Where the I2T band is enabled, the slope of the band shall be an I2T =K slope. Where K = 2? and I = (GFPU x IGFRMS) = Ground Fault Pick Up x CT rating x Ground fault current. The I2T slope shall extend from the short time pick up band to the time delay band selected. Refer to the time current curve.

Band 60 Hz 50 HzPU Clear PU Clear

1 25 92 30 902 58 158 60 1603 100 200 100 2004 167 267 170 2705 217 317 220 3206 283 383 280 3807 400 500 400 500

Table 7.7Ground Fault Pick Up

Pick up setting is times current sensor rating. Setting increments are 0.01.

Sensor Pick up setting range150-2000 0.2 - 0.60

3200 0.2 - 0.374000 0.2 - 0.305000 0.2 - 0.24

depends on the size of the circuit breaker andwhether or not the circuit breaker is provided withthe short-time function. Once set, instantaneousprotection does not depend on the continuingoperation of the CPU or the communication system.Table 7.6 lists the available instantaneous settings.

If the switchgear is started from a blackout conditionwith a circuit breaker closed, the Entelliguard circuitbreaker with instantaneous trip has built-in backupinstantaneous protection set at 1.7 times the max-imum short-time setting of the circuit breaker. Untilthe CPU downloads a user-defined setting to theMessenger, this fixed rating provides a safety backup.As soon as the CPU communicates a setting to theMessenger, the new user-defined setting takes over.

Entelliguard circuit breakers have no making-currentrelease or hidden instantaneous. Except for a blackstart condition as described in the preceding para-graph, the circuit breakers have sufficient close andlatch ratings to be equally selective upon closing in ona fault as they do during normal power-on conditions.

Long-time, short-time and ground-fault settingsEach Entelliguard circuit breaker is provided with anadjustable long-time characteristic, an instantaneousand a short time response. Each circuit breaker mustbe set with either short time, instantaneous, or both.

Ground-fault detection or ground-fault tripping isa factory option. User selectable ground fault pro-tection (Switchable Ground Fault) is also available,but may affect the equipment UL label.

When ground-fault protection (tripping) is provided,the function will have separate Trip and Alarm set-tings capabilities. Like other single point relays, thetrip and alarm functions are separately adjustableand independent of each other. The settings rangesfor Alarm are the same as those for Trip. The ground-fault alarm function associated with ground-faultprotection can be enabled or disabled. A selec-table and adjustable ground fault alarm functionis always provided for each circuit breaker, at theHMI, regardless of the ground fault protectionoptions that are selected for the circuit breaker.Available settings for the various overcurrent protective functions are described in Tables 7.2-7.8.

Backup protection Each Entellisys Messenger is provided with self-powered backup protection that protects the powercircuit breaker if proper communication to the CPUis lost or if the CPU does not issue the requiredprotection commands. Backup protection consistsof long-time pickup that is set with an adjustmentswitch on the front of the node. Fixed nonadjustablelong-time delays, short-time pickup and delay, and

30


ground-fault pickup and delay are also provided.These are set at the maximum capability of thecircuit breaker. If the circuit breaker is equipped withinstantaneous protection, backup instantaneoustripping is also provided at 1.7 times the maximumshort-time setting of the circuit breaker at any timethat the circuit is operating without a user-definedinstantaneous level set by the CPU. At all other times,the instantaneous setting is the user-defined levelset at the HMI and acted upon by the circuitry inthe Messenger. Backup protection is self-poweredfrom the fault current and does not rely on controlpower, the CPUs, or the communication networks.

Topologies, Zones, Tiers, and Dynamic State ChangesThe Entellisys system supports various protectionfunctions by keeping track of which power sourcesare live and feeding each active bus. This allowsthe Entellisys CPU to optimize multiple types ofprotection for multiple bus and source configurations.The CPU can also associate power sources to voltagetransformers, depending on which source circuitbreakers are closed or open.

The Entellisys system can support up to four busesand zones in one substation with up to 30 totalcircuit breakers; eight of the devices may be definedas topology circuit breakers. A topology circuitbreaker controls power to a bus and is usually a tieor main. The system can support up to 16 differenttopologies for a four-bus system. The maximum

number of topologies is 2B, where B is the numberof buses. Identification of the maximum number ofdistinct topologies is usually not required, as severalof the different topologies are handled similarly.Topology 0 is reserved for Reduced Energy Let-Through (RELT) mode and allows all settings to beuser defined for maintenance procedures. Thesetypically would be minimum settings to providemaximum protection.

A zone defines the circuit breakers controlling thepower to a bus and the feeders and sub-feedersconnected to the bus. A circuit breaker may bepart of more than one zone; for instance, tie circuitbreakers may belong to two zones. Zones do notchange once they are defined. However, the numberof closed-source circuit breakers that power a specificzone at any time may change. Each combinationof open- or closed-source circuit breakers feedinga zone can be considered a different topology. Achange from one topology to another is called astate change. Protection algorithms and assignmentsof potential transformers for voltage measurementmay change when there is a state change. Zonesare used for multi-source ground-fault protection anddifferential protection as well as zone interlocking.Topology definitions are used for the same functionsas well as for potential transformer assignmentand to trigger specific user-set protection settings.

Tiers are the hierarchical definitions of circuit breakerswithin a zone. The tier designation may be changed

Table 7.9Ground Fault Options

GF Option atMessenger

Switchable GF Optionat Messenger

GF Tripping Priority Option(HRG Systems Only)

GF Trip FunctionAvailable at: Comments

Enabled N/A No Both CPU &Messenger

Messenger & CPU perform GF, CPU at User settings,Messenger at maximum. GF Alarm is available.

Disabled Enabled No Both CPU &Messenger

GF Trip must be Enabled via HMI for GF Trip to operate. IfDisabled, GF Trip will not operate at either the CPU orMessenger. If GF Trip is Enabled, CPU performs GF Trip atUser settings, Messenger at maximum. GF Alarm is availableeven if GF Trip is Disabled.

N/A N/A Yes CPU only

FOR RESISTANCE GROUNDED SYSTEMS ONLY. GF protectionis factory disabled at the Messenger for HRG systems. CPUdoes not set GF at the Messenger when GF Tripping Priorityis optioned for the system. GF Tripping Priority provides asetting to allow any breaker to be taken out of the trippingpriority scheme — such as excluding a main or tie breaker.

Disabled Disabled No N/A No GF at the Messenger or CPU. GF Alarm is still availableand selectable at the HMI

31


Table 7.10Double-ended Substation Topologies

1 Topology 0 is used for unpowered buses and may be used for maintenance purposes.2 Topology 1 is used when the zone is powered from Main 1.3 Topology 2 is used when the zone is powered from Main 2.4 Topology 3 is used when the bus is powered from its associated main and the tie is closed.

Topology Zone 0 Zone 1Number CB CB CB

Main 1 Main 2 Tie M1 M21st Open Open Open 0 02nd Open Open Closed 0 03rd Open Closed Open 0 24th Open Closed Closed 2 25th Closed Open Open 1 06th Closed Open Closed 1 17th Closed Closed Open 1 28th Closed Closed Closed 3 3

Table 7.11PT Assignation for Each CB Based on Topology

BreakerTopology Designation

0 1 2 3Tie None 2 2 1 or 2

Main 2 2 2 2 2

Main 1 1 1 1 1

Feeder 1A None 1 2 1

Feeder 1B None 1 2 1

Feeder 2A None 1 2 2

Feeder 2B None 1 2 2

Figure 7.1

for each breaker in a zone based on the specifictopology active at a particular time. Up to four tiersmay be supported within each zone. Tiers are usedwith zone-selective interlocking (ZSI) for short-timeand ground-fault protection. Tier assignment to aparticular circuit breaker may change because of achange from one topology to another (state change).

Topology and zone definitions are set at the GEfactory when the switchgear is manufactured, basedon the configuration of the equipment and theinformation about power sources to the equipmentprovided by the user. Tier definitions and otherprotective functions based on the zones andtopologies are assigned by the user and may easilybe changed at any time via the HMI. However, aGE factory engineer must make changes in zoneand topology breaker definitions. Changes areonly needed if new power sources are added or ifthe bus is reconfigured to change the number ofsource or tie circuit breakers. Additional loadsshould not require a change in factory settings.

A double-ended substation has eight differenttopologies possible:

Both mains open, and tie open or closed 2 One main or the other closed, tie open 2 One main or the other closed, tie closed 2 Both mains closed, tie open or closed 2 Total 8

An association matrix for this combination ofsources would look as shown in Table 7.10 andthe DE Sub One-Line in Figure 7.1.

In this example, eight different topologies are possible;however, three topologies are sufficient to accountfor the possible energized buses and the potentialsources of power for those buses, and a fourth canbe used for special applications This later one we willcall topology 0. A state change is recognized by theEntellisys CPU every time a topology circuit breakerchanges from closed to open, or open to closed.The CPU records an event every time there is astate change in the system.

One example of how the Entellisys CPU uses thedynamic state-change capability is potentialtransformer throw-over or assignment. The systemprovides a way to assign to each breaker the voltagetransformers that sense the source that is valid atthat breaker. A unique bus combination is alsoknown as a topology for a specific zone. Table 7.11is an example of PT assignment for the double-ended substation in the topology table example.

The mains are always associated with the PTsconnected on their line side. The feeders associatedPTs change depending on the combination of closedmains and ties that power the bus to which the feedercircuit breakers are connected. The net effect of thisprocedure is the same as if a hardwired PT throw-over scheme were used separately for each bus.

Main 1 Main 2

Tie

Fdr 1A Fdr 1B Fdr 2A Fdr 2B

32

The unique bus combination number, 0–3, corre-sponds to the numbers assigned in the topologyand zone-association matrix. This matrix is also usedwhen ZSI tiers are selected and bus-differential(87B) settings are made. Dynamic state changesare used with all the multipoint protection and alarmschemes supported by the Entellisys system.

Zone-based protection provides increased flexibilityover traditional time-delay-based overcurrent protection schemes. Several of the protection modesenabled by Entellisys are possible because of thesystem’s ability to identify both the location andmagnitude of a fault. This allows faster protection,which lowers the let-through energy, and a simpleimplementation with complex power system configurations. Each of the zone-based protectionmodes is described below.

Topologies and zones are specified at the GE factorybased on information provided during the orderprocess. However, it is possible to change theseafterwards if required.

Capabilities Over and Above the Traditional Expanded overcurrent protection capabilities The Entellisys low-voltage protection suite offersseveral additional optional protection configurationsnot easily handled by traditional systems, including:

• Integral ground-fault protection for multi-sourcesolidly grounded systems. Ground-fault protectionfor main buses in double-, triple-, or quadruple-source systems with open or closed ties.

• High-resistance ground-fault detection, automaticfeeder identification, automatic and manual pulsingfunctions, and priority selections for tripping breakerson the occurrence of a subsequent ground fault.

• Zone interlocking for short-time and ground-faultprotection, with a 25 ms minimum time band.

• Bus differential (87B), main buses, open or closedtie circuit breakers with 25 ms detection.

All of the advanced overcurrent protection modesoffered by Entellisys are based on zones andtopologies defined via the HMI upon installation ofthe equipment or by GE at the factory. Zone-basedprotection is more powerful, flexible, and selectivethan traditional time delay-based methods. Whenevera circuit breaker associated with an EntellisysMessenger does not communicate with the CPU ina recognized manner, or if one of the Messengersis in test mode, the zone-based algorithms areturned off to prevent nuisance tripping. However,all normal circuit breaker overcurrent settings arestill active at the CPU for circuit breakers still com-municating, while any circuit breaker that is notcommunicating properly is protected by the backupfunctions at the Messenger node. Thus, even withzone-based protection turned off, basic protectionis still provided with multiple levels of redundancy.

Specific Protection Modes Multisource ground-fault (MSGF) protection forsolidly grounded systems Entellisys can provide ground-fault protection forpower systems with up to four sources dividedinto four zones. This function is typically used withdouble-ended substations in which each transformeris grounded separately or where there are standbysources independently grounded at the source, inaddition to the main utility source ground. For thepurposes of the MSGF zone, only the mains andties are required in the calculations. Completeselectivity and minimum time delays are possiblewhile sources are not in parallel. When sourcesare temporarily in parallel, the selectivity of the tiemay be sacrificed to maintain fast protection orvice versa, depending on the user’s preference.

Figure 2 represents a possible configuration. Inthis example, the main bus is configured into twozones, each defined by the tie and main connectedto the zone. The main and tie circuit breakers definethe potential sources and exits for the zone thatrequire monitoring for multi-source ground-fault


Figure 7.2

Zone 1

Zone 2

33


detection. The feeder circuit breakers need not beconsidered in the zone summation to detect whichsource is feeding a ground fault off each bus. TheEntellisys CPU is able to identify the location of anyfault within a specific zone by summing all theoutgoing and incoming currents and tripping allsource circuit breakers feeding into that zone at thetime delay set for the zone. In a multiple-groundedsystem, the time-delay bands are set for the MSGFzone, not for the individual circuit breakers.

A circulating ground fault current would flow throughthe system and hence would not generate a resultin a net residual sum. A fault on the load side of afeeder would be detected as fault within the zone.The system tracks whether a feeder is also identifyinga ground fault current. When a feeder is determinedto have fault current, the system determines thefault is in the feeder circuit and acts accordingly. Ifno feeder is detecting a fault, then the fault is in themain bus for the zone and the system trips thesource circuit breakers for the zone.

The Entellisys system is able to keep track of thestatus of each main and tie and identify the sourceof fault current without the need for extra interlockingbetween circuit breakers, extra CTs, or extra wiringof any kind.

How multisource ground-fault protection works The residual current for each circuit breaker isdefined as

iresidual,k = iAk + iBk + iCk + iNk

where iAk is the kth sample of phase A current andiresidual,k is the kth sample of residual current at thecircuit breaker. This formula calculates the faultcurrent for one data sample. Entellisys uses asample rate of 64 per cycle, so this formula is validfor 1/64 of a sine wave.

Since the summation is performed for each sampleand not for the calculated vector value, the Entellisyssystem is able to include all the current information,including the full harmonic spectrum, not just thefundamental component.

Residual current for the zone during one completehalf-cycle is defined using the mean-squaredresidual of all the circuit breakers defined for thezone, expressed as

Ι2residual,zone = 2 Σ (iresidual0,k ± iresidual1,k ±…±iresidualM-1,k)

2

where N is the number of samples per cycle (64),iresidual,k is the kth residual sample, and M is thenumber of circuit breakers in the zone. This calcu-lation determines the squared residual current forone half-cycle and is repeated at every half-cyclein the CPU. The number of half-cycles consideredby the algorithm is proportional to the time delay.

In addition to these calculations, the algorithmincludes allowances for heating and cooling andCT error.

The multi-source ground-fault detection algorithmrequires identification of zones, topology circuitbreakers, and topologies. This identification is madeduring construction of the equipment at the factory,based on an analysis of the power distributionsystem one-line diagram.

High-resistance ground-fault detection and location(feeder identification)The Entellisys CPU is able to detect ground faults ona power distribution system that is high-resistancegrounded, whether it is resistance grounded at thesource or at the switchgear. Either directly groundedwye-connected transformers or delta-connectedtransformers grounded via an isolation transformermay be used. HRGF is optional and providesalarming and tripping capabilities. The alarmsmay be programmed to an Entellisys output thatcan, in turn, be used for remote indication orannunciation or as a logical input into theEntellisys Flex Logic engine.

The Feeder Location function has the capability totrip a feeder breaker after a time delay, preventinga prolonged or unaddressed situation with agrounded phase on a feeder. The time delay rangesfrom 0-999 hours. When the “location” function isprovided, additional settings become available atthe HMI. HRGF Location requires a pulsing currentto identify the feeder supplying the ground fault.

Upon sensing the presence of ground currentthrough one of the grounding resistors, Entellisyscan automatically begin the pulsing process andlocate or identify the faulted feeder. Events arelogged when ground fault current is detected atthe grounding resistor and also when the faultedcircuit is located. More specifically, the system logsan event when it senses a ground-fault currentover the threshold and when the presence of

Ν k=0

N/2-1

34


ground-fault current exceeds the user-set timedelay. The HRGF alarm drops out when theground-fault current drops to 97% of the threshold.A cooling-down circuit is included in the HRGFdetection algorithm to properly account for inter-mittent ground faults.

Priority Tripping can be added to the HRGF Locationfunction and provides the ability to assign a priorityvalue to each feeder breaker in the Entellisys system.If the switchgear is operating with a phase-to-groundfault, and a second phase-to-ground fault occurson a different phase and on a different breaker, thefeeder with the higher priority will have its trip timedelay increased by 100 milliseconds (to a maximumof 400 milliseconds) to allow the feeder with thelower priority to trip at its preset ground fault timedelay. The CPU supports up to 4 separate resistancegrounded sources and priority tripping supports upto 30 circuit breakers, allowing each feeder breakerto have a unique tripping priority assignment.

The HRGF parameters are programmed via HMI.Grounding resistor values may be set from 5-500ohms, programmable in one-ohm steps. The HRGFpickup may be set at 0.1-10 amperes in steps of0.1 amperes. The constant time delay for the alarmmay be set at 0.5-5 seconds in steps of 0.1 seconds.The current in each grounding resistor is measuredby its own CT, which is connected to a dedicatedEntellisys Messenger, typically the main breakerMessenger. The system also functions with tie circuitbreakers closed and with grounding resistors inparallel. Consistent with other Entellisys protectivefunctions, all of the high resistance ground featurescan be applied to four sources within an Entellisyssystem.

In addition, the CPU monitors phase-to-groundvoltage and senses the voltage loss on the groundedphase, allowing identification of the grounded phase.

If the system senses a loss of phase, defined as lessthan 80% of nominal phase-to-neutral voltage, anevent is logged and HRG detection is disabled for thatphase. The Entellisys HRGF system is able to identifythe faulted phase by subtracting the voltage acrossthe resistor from each phase-to-neutral voltage.

How HRG fault detection works The Entellisys Messengers with connected groundcurrent CTs are identified via the HMI. The CPU isthen able to read the fault current directly from theCT, thereby identifying the magnitude of the faultcurrent, IG. Simultaneously, the CPU monitorsphase-to-neutral voltage for each phase. For each phase-to-neutral voltage that is above 80%of nominal, the CPU compares the magnitude ofthe corresponding phase-to-ground voltage to areference voltage, VREF, defined as follows:

VREF = Vphase-neutral nominal — IpickupRG

where Vphase-neutral nominal is the nominal phase-to-neutral voltage magnitude, Ipickup is the programmedground-current pickup magnitude, and RG is theground resistance.

If the phase-to-neutral voltage is below VREF, the CPUindicates that phase as faulted, logs an event, andraises an alarm if the time-delay threshold is exceeded.

The CPU calculates the phase-to-ground voltagesas follows:

VAG = VAN + IGRG

VBG = VBN + IGRG

VCG = VCN + IGRG

where VAG, VBG, and VCG are phase-to-ground voltagephasors; VAN, VBN, and VCN are phase-to-neutralvoltage phasors; IG is the actual ground-currentphasor; and RG is the ground resistance.

Simply stated, if the fault current exceeds thepickup current, the voltage in the faulted phase islower than the reference voltage and thus thefaulted phase can be identified.

Cautionary note: User settings resulting in Ipickup

times RG greater than Vphase-neutral nominal are notvalid. If such a setting is attempted, the CPU will logan event to indicate an invalid settings combination.

How HRG “Location” worksOn detection of a ground fault (magnitude and timedelay exceeded), the HRG system can be configuredto automatically begin pulsing the groundingresistor to locate or identify the feeder with theground fault. Entellisys monitors all breakers in thesystem for the fluctuating ground current causedby the pulsed grounding resistor. No additional

35


current sensors are required; Entellisys uses thesame current sensors that are provided in eachbreaker cubicle for overcurrent protection andmetering functions. The current sensors used inEntellisys will permit accurate identification of thefaulted circuit with as little as 1 ampere differencebetween the pulsed current and the ground currenton an 800A frame feeder breaker. The pulsing sys-tem can also be operated manually from the HMIto faclitate location of a ground fault in equipmentdownstream of the Entellisys switchgear.

Zone Selective Interlocking (ZSI) - short time andground faultThe Entellisys system provides a zone-selectiveinterlocking function similar to that offered in manyelectronic trip systems. However, the Entellisys-based ZSI system offers significant improvementsover the traditional method. Its capabilities includethe following:

• Zone-selective interlocking for up to four zonesor levels.

• Control of tripping with time bands as fast as 1.5 cycles.

• Full functionality with no extra wiring or devices. • Operation at any programmed delay for faults

within a zone of protection. • Changing ZSI circuit breaker relationships (tiers)

depending on which mains and ties are closed. • Delay increments of 100 ms per level to achieve

selectivity and maintain good backup protection.

The zones for ground-fault protection are the sameas those for multi-source grounding protection.Within each zone and for each different topology,the circuit breakers are divided into tiers. Each tierrepresents the time-delay hierarchy required toachieve optimum protection and selectivity. Eachcircuit breaker may be assigned to one of four tierswithin a zone. The top tier is always labeled tier 0.Next is tier 1, then tier 2, with the last and lowestdefined as tier 3. Hence, in a simple radial two-tiersystem, the feeders are labeled tier 1 and the mainis tier 0.

For substations that are operated with the tie normally-open, the tie and the mains could be setat tier 0. This will allow the tie and the mains tooperate at minimum (or set) delay for a fault in theirzone of protection or feeder set delay plus 100msif the fault is below a feeder. If the substation is runfrom one transformer with the tie closed it may be

preferable to set the tie at tier 1 and the mains attier 0 to achieve tie to main selectivity.

How short-time ZSI works In the Entellisys ZSI model, the highest-level maincircuit breaker is labeled tier 0. So in a simple double-ended substation, the mains are each tier 0, the tieis tier 1, and the feeders are all tier 2. In the followingexplanation, the terms lower- or higher-numberedtier indicate in which direction the action is intended.

Whenever the CPU detects that a breaker in oneor more of the defined ZSI zones has gone into STpickup, it performs the following actions:

1. Based on the tier to which the circuit breakerbelongs, it sets the short-time delays for allbreakers with the next-lower tier number to theshort-time delay time of the circuit breaker inpickup plus 100ms. Thus a breaker with a tiernumber of 2 sets the short-time delays of thebreakers with tier number 1. Note that a breaker,for example a tie, can reside in multiple zones.However unless a circuit breaker is detecting faultcurrent, it will not trip regardless of tier setting.

2. Each circuit breaker whose short-time delaysetting was changed in step 1, sets the short-timedelays for all the breakers with the next-lowertier number to the new delay, plus 100ms. Forexample; each tier 1 breaker whose short-timedelay was changed will, in turn, change theshort-time delay for tier 0 breakers in the samezone (or zones) by adding 100ms to its owndelay and making that the new tier 0 delay.

3. Continue this process of changing the short-timedelay of breakers in the zone with the nextlower-tier number until tier 0 is reached. (Tier 0breakers are typically mains.)

4. All modified short-time delays of the breakers inthe zone are set to their original values, after allshort-time elements cool off completely.

It should be noted that the ZSI system never lowersthe time delay of a circuit breaker, but only increasesthe delays of circuit breakers with lower tier numbersthan the breaker for which the short-time faultcurrent was identified by the CPU within the samezone. The time delay of a circuit breaker is neverincreased past a maximum time delay of 400ms.

How ground-fault ZSI works The algorithm for ground-fault protection is thesame as short-time ZSI, except for multi-source

36

grounded systems. A ground fault that sends afeeder below a MSGF zone into ground-fault timingincrements the delay of the MSGF zone by 100ms,which means all the circuit breakers feeding into thezone (mains and ties) are timed similarly. See thedescription of multi-source ground-fault protectionfor further details.

In a single-ground system with no ground-faultprotection zones, the time delays are incrementedby 100ms per tier above the tier in which the faultis sensed, in the same way as with short-time ZSI.

Zone-based overcurrent protection or bus-differentialprotection (87B) Entellisys low-voltage switchgear can providecomplete zone-based overcurrent protection (alsoknown as 87B protection in ANSI relay nomenclature).The minimum setting for pickup is 20% of the CTrating of the largest circuit breaker in the zoneand the maximum setting is 22,000A. Any circuitbreaker feeding into a protected zone may betripped in as little as 25ms.

The complete Entellisys zone-based bus-protectionsystem combines differential protection and zone-selective interlocking to handle faults over a widerange of magnitudes. This combination of two different methods for detecting faults allowsdetection of small and large faults. Furthermore, it is not affected by CT saturation issues. The differential-protection algorithm may be set to pickup as high as 22,000 amperes or as low as 800Ain a zone with a 4000A main.

The algorithm is suspended if any one current inor out of the zone exceeds ten times the CT ratingfor that circuit breaker. Zone-selective interlockingthen takes over protection of the zone and canprovide equally fast detection and tripping. Hence,in a radial system substation with a 4000A main andseveral 800A feeders, faults up to 39,999 amperesmay be sensed by the bus-differential algorithm,while faults of 40,000 amperes and above aresensed by the short time and ZSI algorithms. Forthe smaller faults, the CPU trips the main circuitbreaker at the set time delay for the bus-differentialzone, while for the larger faults the CPU trips thecircuit breaker at a time delay set for the short-timefunction of that main circuit breaker. Both of thesetime bands may be as short as 25ms. In the case

of a through fault in one of the 800A feeders, thebus-differential algorithm senses faults as high as7999A and keeps the main from tripping. For faultsof 8000A and above, the CPU adds a delay to themain circuit breaker per the tier assignments forthe zone and trips the feeder circuit breaker at itsset time delay, which may be as little as 25ms.

Zone-based bus protection provides optimal pro-tection with no sacrifice in selectivity. GE’s uniquemethod uses a straightforward differential algorithmin combination with the Entellisys zone-selectiveinterlocking to provide complete bus protection forfaults from below rated current into a zone to thefull short circuit rating of the equipment, with noconcerns over CT saturation. Faults may be detectedand circuit breakers tripped as fast as 25ms. Inaddition, the Entellisys zone-protection system isable to define backup breakers to be tripped incase the first circuit breakers do not clear the faultand alarm levels that may be used if tripping forlow-level faults is not desired.

How bus-differential protection works The Entellisys bus-differential algorithm is based onzones defined via the HMI. All the circuit breakersconnected to each zone should be identified.

The following settings are made at the factory foreach zone:

• Zone definition and member circuit breaker identification

• Current flow direction for each circuit breaker • Primary breakers to be tripped for an in-zone

fault (primary trip target) • Backup breakers to be tripped for an in-zone

fault (secondary trip targets)

These settings are recorded and fixed when theCPU is powered. If the settings are changed via theHMI, the CPU must be rebooted. If invalid settingsare detected, the CPU deactivates the 87B functionand records an event.

Each bus-differential function has several settingsthat may be individually user selected for eachzone and each topology:

1. Select the TRIP or OPEN global setting for protection settings to choose whether protectivefunctions will trip (includes lockout) or open(excludes lockout) the target circuit breakers.


37


2. Enable or disable for TRIP or OPEN to enableor disable the protection action selected insetting 1 for each pick or delay combination.

3. Pickup 1 for TRIP or OPEN sets the thresholdfor the first target circuit breakers.

4. Delay 1 for TRIP or OPEN sets the time delayfor the first target circuit breakers.

5. Pickup 2 for TRIP or OPEN sets the thresholdfor the second target circuit breakers.

6. Delay 2 for TRIP or OPEN sets the time delayfor the second target circuit breakers.

7. Backup function enabled or disabled for TRIPor OPEN for the second group of target circuitbreakers for backup of the first group.

8. Backup time delta enabled or disabled for TRIPor OPEN for an additional time delay before thebackup group of circuit breakers is operated ifthe fault current continues.

9. Enable or disable for alarm only is a globalcommand to enable or disable alarm settings.

10. Pickup 1 for alarm only. 11. Delay 1 for alarm only. 12. Pickup 2 for alarm only. 13. Delay 2 for alarm only.

The available delay settings are the same as for theshort-time and ground-fault bands. The minimumcurrent pickup setting is 20% of the largest sensorsin the zone and the highest setting is 22,000 amperes.

Calculations for the 87B algorithm The Entellisys calculation algorithms operate on theraw digitized data obtained from the current sensors.Because of this, the mathematical operations areperformed on a single sample of data from eachcurrent used in the calculation. Since the currentdata across the system are 100% synchronized,the calculations need not take into account thephase angle between voltage and current, andmay be, strictly based, on the instantaneous current magnitudes.

During each half-power cycle the CPU calculatesthe mean-squared residual current for each phaseof the M circuit breakers in the zone. An exampleof the formula for phase A is:

Ι2residual,A = 2 Σ (iA,0,k ± iA,1,k ±…±iA,M-1,k)

2

where Ιresidual,A is the residual current for phase A, Nis the number of samples per half-cycle (64), M isthe number of circuit breakers in the zone carryingcurrent in or out, and iA,0,k…iA,M-1,k are the kth samples

of phase A circuit breakers 0 through M–1. Thesame calculation is performed by the CPU for allthree phases simultaneously and adjustments forCT errors are performed for each phase and CT.

The total residual current for the three-phase systemis calculated by selecting the maximum single-phaseresidual of the three residual currents. The subscriptadjusted indicates that the residual currents havebeen adjusted for CT error:

Ι2BD = max(Ι2

residual,A,adjusted,Ι2residual,B,adjusted,Ι

2residual,C,adjusted)

If the thresholds for time and magnitude areexceeded, a command to sound alarm 1, soundalarm 2 if it is set, trip the primary targets, andeventually trip the secondary targets is issued bythe CPU, as requested by the user settings.

Each residual current is provided with a coolingalgorithm to allow for the thermal characteristics ofthe buses and integrate intermittent faults over time.

Reduced Energy Let-Thru (RELT) ModeA general overview of RELT mode is described inSection 4 - Minimizing Potential Exposure to ArcFlash Energy. Please refer to that section for adescription of the different types of RELT modes inEntellisys as well as the user interface with RELT.The following RELT information is focused on theprotection settings and the behavior of SinglePoint RELT and MultiPoint RELT.

Single Point RELT settings for each breaker includeInstantaneous Overcurrent, Short Time, Long Timeand Ground Fault. The available settings will bedetermined by what each breaker has as overcurrentprotection elements. A breaker must haveInstantaneous Overcurrent, Short Time overcurrent,or switchable ST/IOC for single-point RELT to function.The RELT settings are stored in Topology 0. Thesesettings are user defined in the Overcurrent Protectionscreens by selecting a breaker and Topology 0.Table 7.12 shows the minimum settings for theovercurrent parameters. Please note that these areuser adjustable and the table illustrates the minimumsettings. The full range of settings in the othertopologies are available for each breaker in topology0. Typically with RELT mode the desire is for thefastest protection, hence this table is included. Pleaserefer to the Traditional Overcurrent Protection discussion earlier in this Protection Section for amore complete discussion of the ranges available.

Ν k=0

N/2-1

38

In Single-Point RELT, RELT groups are available andare designed to offer protection options to theuser. The site administrator can group associatedbreakers together such that if an ‘initiating breaker’in the group is put into RELT, the operator canchoose to place only that breaker into RELT or thegroup of breakers into RELT.

Once the administrator has identified initiatingbreakers and the associated member breakers,each time an initiating breaker is being placed intoRELT the system will ask the operator to chooseLoad Protection or Breaker Protection.

When Load Protection is chosen, only that breakerwill be placed in RELT mode. This can be convenient,for example, when an operator is going to be neardownstream equipment from an Entellisys feederbreaker and only needs that particular breaker tooperate on RELT settings.

In the case of Breaker Protection, a possible exampleis a double ended substation where an operator hasto rack a tie breaker into the connected position.The tie breaker could be the initiating breaker withthe two mains as member breakers. By placing

the tie into RELT mode with Breaker Protection, thetwo associated Main breakers also convert to RELTsettings with faster protection settings.

The associations flexibility provides a convenientway to provide faster settings across a wide varietyof situations.

Multi-Point RELT mode changes the settings for allof the multi-point relays in a system to Topology0. The multi-point relays are: Bus Differential,Multi-Source Ground Fault (MSGF), dynamic ZoneSelective Interlocking(ZSI), and the Priority trippingfunction in High Resistance Ground Fault (HRGF).

Bus Differential will operate using Topology 0 settingswhile in Multi-point RELT or System Wide RELT. Asnoted in the bus differential discussion earlier in thissection, both Alarm-Only as well as Trip Relays areavailable. The minimum settings for Bus Differentialfor both Alarm-Only and Trip Relays for Topology 0are shown in Table 7.12. It should be noted that inthe table the pickup is set to 100A in this example.Entellisys automatically enforces a “zone Minimumpickup setting” for bus differential which is 20% ofthe largest CT rating in the corresponding zone.


Table 7.12Minimum Settings for Topology 0Type Setting Value

Overcurrent Relays

IOC Enabled Enabled

IOC Pickup Setting Multiplier 1.5

ST Protection Switch Enabled

ST Pickup Setting 1.5

ST I2t Curve Enabled

ST Delay Band Setting 0

LT Delay Band Setting 0

GF Protection Switch Enabled

GF Trip Priority 0

GF Alarm Enable Enabled

GF Trip/Alarm Pickup Setting 0.2

GF Trip/Alarm I2t Curve Enabled

GF Trip/Alarm Delay Band Setting 0

Bus Differential Zonesfor Both Alarm-Onlyand Trip Relays

Pickup Setting 1 & Pickup Setting 2 100A

Time Delay 1 & Time Delay 2 BAND 1

Backup Function (For Trip Relay only) Enabled

Backup Time Delta (For Trip Relay only) Trip Immediately

Multi-Source Ground-Fault Zones for bothAlarm-Only and TripRelays

Pickup Setting 30A

Time Delay BAND 1

Curve I2t Disabled

Backup Function (For Trip Relay only) Trip Immediately

Backup Time Delta (For Trip Relay only) Trip ImmediatelyAll MSGF SummationZones for both Alarm-Only and TripRelays

Pickup Setting 30A

Time Delay BAND 1

Curve I2t Disabled

Figure 7.3Interaction Between ZSI and RELT

Main (ZSI Tier 0)ST, GF Time Delay = 58msNew Time Delay = 58ms + 100 ms = 158ms

Tie (ZSI Tier 1)ST, GF Time Delay = 58ms

Feeder (ZSI Tier 2)ST, GF Time Delay = 58ms

ZSI in Normal Operation

Main (ZSI Tier 0)ST, GF Time Delay = 58ms (Normal)New Time Delay = 25ms + 100 ms = 125ms

Tie (ZSI Tier 1)ST, GF Time Delay = 25ms (RELT Setting)

ZSI with RELT operating

Feeder (ZSI Tier 2)

ST, GF Time Delay = 58ms

39


Like all Entellisys protective relays, in RELTMultiple-Source Ground Fault operates on Topology0 settings. This is true for Multi-Point RELT or SystemWide RELT. Like many other Entellisys relays, theMSGF function has both Alarm-Only Relay settingsand Trip Relays. A more complete discussion onMSGF is found earlier in this Protection section. Theminimum settings for MSGF for both Alarm-Onlyas well as Trip relays are shown in Table 7.12. Thevalues for all MSGF summation zones in Topology0 is shown in Table 7.12. Please note that in thisexample the pickup is set to 30A. Entellisys auto-matically enforces a Zone Minimum Pickup Settingfor MSGF of 20% of the largest CT rating in thecorresponding zone.

High Resistance Ground Fault (HRGF) protection isavailable in Entellisys with 3 levels of protection.The Detection function identifies a ground fault ina high resistance grounded system and identifiesthe phase where the fault is located. The Locationfunction automatically starts a pulser and identifiesthe feeder circuit that has the ground fault. Thethird function, HRGF priority tripping, allows the userto prioritize the breakers to trip in the event of twoHRGF events occurring on different phases at thesame time. Please note a more complete descriptionof HRGF protection is located earlier in this ProtectionSection. For Entellisys systems with HRGF withtripping priority and RELT functions, each breakerwill be excluded from the HRGF trip priority schemewhile operating with RELT (Topology 0) settings.

As noted earlier in this Protection section, a ZoneSelective Interlocking (ZSI) zone is made of one ormore MSGF zones, main, tie and feeder circuitbreakers. A ZSI zone can be either a ZSI short-timezone, a ZSI ground-fault zone or both.

The ZSI delays will be ignored by any breakeroperating with RELT settings (Topology 0). The ZSIdelay will propagate upstream preserving selectivityon all breakers that are NOT operating with RELT(Topology 0) settings. Figure 7.3 demonstrates theinteraction between ZSI and RELT.

In this example, the gear has both buses fed froma single main and the user has placed the tie inRELT while they are working near the feeder. Innormal operation with a fault on the line side ofthe feeder, the tie breaker maintains the 58ms GFtime delay. The main has a new time delay of

158ms which is the normal 58ms plus the ZSI100ms delay. The same system with ZSI and RELToperating illustrates the Topology 0 settings. WithRELT operating, the tie breaker has a GF time delayof 25ms vs. the 58ms under normal conditions.

With RELT and ZSI operating, the Main adds 100msto the tie breaker’s RELT GF delay time of 25ms fora total delay of 125ms.

As you can see from this example ZSI automaticallyadjusts delays all upstream breakers that are notoperating in RELT mode, maintaining selectivity.

Voltage Protective Relays, High Current Alarmand High Current Trigger The Entellisys protection system provides for thefollowing additional optional voltage-related protective functions: • Overvoltage • Undervoltage • Phase loss • Overfrequency • Underfrequency • Power reversal • Synch check In addition, the Entellisys system provides for anoptional high-current alarm function that may beselected and set for each circuit breaker.

A High Current Trigger is also available. This workswith the system-wide waveform capture function todetect and collect data for short duration currents.

All of the Entellisys protective functions offer inde-pendent trip and alarm settings. This provides theuser with the flexibility to receive an alarmed if atrip condition is being approached. The alarm functioncan also be useful when changing protection set-tings and in gaining experience with the revisedsettings in an alarm and not trip condition.

Each relay function also has the following settingsassociated with it: • Alarm-only relay activated • Alarm-only relay pickup • Alarm-only relay drop out • Trip/Open relay activated • Trip/Open relay pickup • Trip/Open relay drop out

40

The Trip/Open selections are not available for thehigh-current relay, which is intended only foralarm or logic input use. All relay calculations areperformed at the CPU and not the Messengers.Because many of the conditions identified by theserelays would not be cleared if the circuit breaker wereopened, the system is able to handle the situationwhen a circuit breaker is re-closed and the conditionpersists. The CPU monitors the open or not-openstatus of a circuit breaker after the trip or opencommand is issued. If after 180 cycles the circuitbreaker transitions to “not-open” status, and theprotective relay remains in pickup status, then thetrip/open command is reissued.

Many of the relays may be disabled via Flex Logic,which allows a protective relay to be turned off bya control sequence programmed in the CPU.

Table 7.13 provides a summary of the settingsavailable for each relay function. For a moredetailed explanation, see the descriptions below.

Undervoltage relay Undervoltage protection compares the sensed voltageagainst a threshold. In wye systems, the rmsphase-to-neutral voltage is used, while in deltasystem the rms phase-to-phase voltage is used. Therelay has the following capabilities and characteristics:• Fixed and inverse time curves • Expanded pickup adjustment range from 10 to

95% of nominal in 1% increments, which allowsthe undervoltage relay function to be used forresidual voltage detection when assigned to buspotential transformers

• Delay setting range of 0.5 to 600 seconds inincrements of 0.5 seconds

• Selection of sensitivity to one, two, or all threephases below the threshold

• Relay drop out at 103% of the set pickup level • Blocking voltage enable setting • The undervoltage function is disabled if the voltage

drops below the blocking voltage • Ability to work with multiple potential transformers

in different topology configurations per topologyPT assignments

• Pickup accuracy of ±2%

If the fixed-time curve is selected, then the relayfunction trips the selected circuit breaker or activatesthe alarm if the monitored voltage is less than thethreshold for the specified time delay. The timingaccuracy is ±0.1 second.

The inverse-time curve relates the selected timedelay to the voltage under the pickup threshold as:

T = D/(1-V/Vpickup)

where T is the operating time, D is the delay setting, Vis the sensed voltage, and Vpickup is the pickup voltage.

Once the overvoltage threshold has been exceededand the relay starts timing, incrementing the countwill stop if the voltage reaches 100% of thresholdagain and will start decrementing per the coolingalgorithm when the voltage reaches 103% of theset threshold.

The Undervoltage alarm setting options and rangesare the same as the trip options and ranges.


Table 7.13Available Relay Function Settings

1 The undervoltage relay has the capability for a fixed or inverse time delay. The accuracy of the inverse time delay is ±4%. 2 Pickup may occur at no more than 10 Hz below the nominal system frequency and never below 45 Hz. The setting range on 50 Hz systems is 45–50 Hz. 3 Pickup may occur at no more than 10 Hz above the nominal system frequency, which is 70 Hz for 60 Hz systems and 60 Hz for 50 Hz systems. 4 LTPU = long-time pickup setting. This relay is for alarm use only.

Capability Overvoltage Undervoltage Underfrequency Overfrequency Phase Loss Power Reversal High Current Synch CheckAlarm Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Trip/Open Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes

Pickup 105–125% 1% 50–95% 50–60 Hz, 0.1 Hz2 50–70 H, 0.1 Hz3 8-50%, 1% 10–990 kW 10 kW 50–200% LTPU 5%4 0–90 V, 0.5 V, 02 Hz,0.1 Hz, 0–60 D, 1D

Accuracy ±2% ±2% ±0.1 Hz ±0.1 Hz ±2% ±2% ±10% ±2%Time delay 0.5–600 s, 0.5 s 0.5–600 s, 0.5 s1 0.5–600 s, 0.5 s 0.5–600 s, 0.5 s 0.5–600 s, 0.5 s 0.5–600 s, 0.5 s 1–15 s, 1 s N/AAccuracy ±0.1 s ±0.1 s1 ±0.1 s ±0.1 s ±0.1 s ±0.5 s ±1 s N/ADrop out 97% Threshold 103% Threshold 103% Threshold 97% Threshold 97% Threshold 97% Frequency 97% Threshold None

Blocking Voltage None 5–75% 5% 5% 5% None None Dead BusFlex logic control Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

41


Entellisys also offers Undervoltage Flex Relaysthat can be used to sense voltage from onesource and to alarm and/or trip another breaker.Please refer to the Flex Relay discussion later inthis section for a complete description.

Overvoltage relay The overvoltage relay function works like theundervoltage relay, except that the thresholds arevoltages above the nominal system voltage and onlya fixed time-delay setting is available. The pickupsetting range is adjustable from 105% to 125% ofnominal in increments of 1%. The overvoltagerelay drops out of pickup when the sensed voltagedrops to 97% of the threshold setting. A coolingfunction decrements the accumulator.

Phase-loss relay The phase-loss relay function has the followingcharacteristics: • Pickup is at 8–50% of the nominal voltage,

adjustable in increments of 1% • Time delay is 0.5–600 seconds, adjustable in

increments of 0.5 seconds • Pickup accuracy is ±4% • Trip-time accuracy is ±0.1 seconds • Drops out with the cooling circuit if the imbalance

drops below 97% of the setting • May be blocked by enabling blocking voltage,

fixed at 5% • May be disabled by Flex Logic controls

The phase-loss relay works by comparing the nomi-nal voltage to the calculated negative-sequencevoltage for the fundamental voltage waveform. Thephase-loss relay function works for circuit breakerwith the voltage signal assigned to that circuitbreaker. The voltage input may change fromtopology to topology as the PT assignment to buseschanges. The negative phase-sequence voltage isused whether the PT configuration is delta or wye.

The negative-sequence voltage is only calculated forthe fundamental component. In addition, the relaymay have a blocking-voltage enabled. The blockingvoltage is fixed at 5%. If the negative-sequencevoltage falls below 5% with blocking enabled, therelay stops timing and resets without cooling.

Negative phase-sequence voltage is calculated as follows:

VN = 1⁄3(Vab + 1<240°Vbc + 1<240°Vca) for ABC rotation

VN = 1⁄3(Vab + 1<240°Vca + 1<240°Vbc) for ACB rotation

If the unbalance decreases to 97% or less of theprogrammed threshold, the relay stops timing andthe accumulated count decrements according toa cooling algorithm.

Underfrequency relay The underfrequency relay function has the following characteristics: • Pickup (60 Hz systems) is at 50–60 Hz in 0.1 Hz

increments • Pickup (50 Hz systems) is at 45–50 Hz in 0.1 Hz

increments • Time delay is at 0.5–600 seconds, adjustable in

increments of 0.5 seconds • Pickup accuracy is ±0.1 Hz • Trip-time accuracy is ±0.1 seconds • May be blocked by enabling the blocking voltage,

fixed at 5%. Blocking voltage accuracy varieswith frequency variation from ±2% at 0 Hz to±15% at 10 Hz

• May be disabled by Flex Logic controls

The underfrequency relay may be enabled for eachcircuit breaker and works with the voltage signalassigned to that circuit breaker for each differenttopology. The underfrequency relay drops out ofpickup and stops timing if the frequency exceeds103% of the pickup setting. A cooling algorithmdecrements the accumulator. If the sensed voltagereaches the blocking level of 5% of nominal voltage,the relay stops timing and is immediately reset.

Overfrequency relay The overfrequency relay function has the following characteristics: • Pickup (60 Hz systems) is at 60–70 Hz in 0.1 Hz

increments • Pickup (50 Hz systems) is at 50–70 Hz in 0.1 Hz

increments • Time delay is 0.5–600 seconds, adjustable in

increments of 0.5 seconds • Pickup accuracy is ±0.1 Hz • Trip-time accuracy is ±0.1 seconds

42


• May be blocked by enabling the blocking voltage,which is fixed at 5% of the nominal voltage.Blocking voltage accuracy varies with frequencyvariation from ±2% at 0 HZ to ±15% at 10 Hz

• May be disabled by Flex Logic controls

The overfrequency relay may be enabled for eachcircuit breaker and works with the voltage signalassigned to that circuit breaker for each differenttopology. The relay drops out of pickup and stopstiming if the frequency drops below 97% of pickup.A cooling algorithm decrements the accumulator.If the sensed voltage reaches the blocking level of5% of nominal voltage, the relay stops timing andis immediately reset.

Synch check relay The synch check relay function may provide up to12 synchronism supervisory functions. Unlike theother relays, which use voltage as an input, thePTs assigned to the synch check relay do notchange with topology changes and thus the twovoltages used for each synch check function arefixed when they are selected.

For each synch check function the following settingsmust be made: • Bus-1 voltage source • Bus-2 voltage source • Maximum voltage differential allowed between

voltage sources; may be set at 0–90v in incrementsof 0.5v.

• Maximum frequency differential allowed betweenbuses; may be set at 0–2 Hz in increments of 0.1 Hz.

• Maximum phase-angle differential allowedbetween buses; may be set at 0–60 degrees inincrements of 1 degree.

• Bus 1 live-bus threshold is the voltage above whichthe bus is considered to be live, programmableat 50–100% of the nominal PT rating, in 1%increments. The line-neutral voltage is used withwye systems and phase-phase with delta systems.

• Bus 2 live-bus threshold functions like bus 1 witha separate adjustment.

• Bus 1 dead-bus threshold is the voltage belowwhich the bus is considered to be dead, program-mable at 5–50% of the nominal PT rating, in 1%increments. The line-neutral voltage is used withwye systems and phase-phase with delta systems.

• Bus 2 dead-bus threshold functions like bus 1with a separate adjustment.

• Configurations under which the “Dead Source”status is set to true: — None – dead source function is disabled — LV1 and DV2 – Voltage source 1 live and voltage

source 2 dead — DV1 and LV2 – Voltage source 1 dead and

voltage source 2 live — DV1 or DV2 – Voltage source 1 dead or voltage

source 2 dead — DV1 or DV2 – One voltage source is dead, the

other is live — DV1 and DV2 – Both sources are dead

Note that a source is considered dead when allphase voltages are below the dead-bus threshold.When all phase voltages are above the live-busthreshold, a source is defined as energized.

Each synch check function verifies that the twosources have equal programmed PT primary voltageand configuration (delta or wye). If both parametersare not the same for both sources, the CPU logsan event and disables that synch check function.The synch check function applies a 3% hysteresisfactor to the voltage, frequency, phase, live-bus,and dead-bus thresholds.

Each synch check function provides the followingstatus information: • Synchronous Live – true if all three phases at

both sources are above the live-bus thresholdand in synchronism (i.e., all three phases satisfythe programmed voltage, frequency, and phasedifferential criteria), false otherwise.

• Dead Source – true if the programmed dead-busconfiguration condition is true.

• Close – true if Synchronous Live is true or DeadSource is true.

The relay function may be suspended with Flex Logic.

High Current Alarm and High Current Trigger RelayThere are two high current functions available inEntellisys. The single point High Current Alarm isassigned to a single breaker and has pickupadjustments of 50-200% of the breaker long timesetting, with an adjustable delay of 1-15 seconds.This function, factory-configured for a specificbreaker, can provide an alarm point on the AlarmScreen and is available to FlexLogic for any controlscheme that may need to be invoked when the

43


breaker load current exceeds the preset alarm value.

The High Current Trigger Relay is packaged withsystem-wide Waveform Capture and providesexpanded pickup settings with shorter delays for usein detecting and analyzing short duration currentsthat might be encountered with motor starting orother fast changing load currents. The pickup cur-rent setting range is 0.1 to 9 times the breakerlong time pickup, which allows the High CurrentTrigger Relay to be used for a wide range of loadcurrents. The time delay is 1-120 half cycles (0.0833 –1 sec). The user can select whether waveformsshould be captured for each event and can alsoset a maximum number of waveform captures.

Flex RelaysThe Flex Relay package includes the followingfunctions:• Undervoltage Flex Relay• High Current Flex Relay• Demand Alarm Flex Relay

Flex Relays differ from the other single-point relaysin Entellisys in a number of ways. They are notfixed to a specific circuit. Rather, they can be placedon any breaker by the user. They can trip the breakerthey are placed on or they can trip a differentbreaker. Finally, there are multiple instances ofFlex Relays, and multiple Flex Relay instances canbe placed on one breaker. This flexibility is veryconvenient for use in control, load shedding andload restoration schemes.

Undervoltage Flex RelayThe Undervoltage Flex relay is a collection of 16breaker-independent undervoltage relays. Anyone of the 16 relays can be configured to monitorthe voltage on any of the breakers. Also, theundervoltage flex relay allows the breaker it isplaced on or a different breaker to be tripped.

The Undervoltage Flex Relays have the sameoperational options and settings as the fixedundervoltage relay described earlier in this section.This includes alarm settings and trip settings.

Similar to other Entellisys relays, events are loggedwhen the Undervoltage Flex alarm or trip functionspickup, operate or drop out. When the voltage is

above or below the blocking voltage an event willalso be logged.

The Undervoltage Flex Alarm and the UndervoltageFlex Relay can also be configured as Alarms onthe Alarm screen.

The Undervoltage Flex Alarms and Relays are protection elements in FlexLogic. Therefore thepickup, operate and dropout signals can be integrated into control schemes and they can beconfigured as virtual inputs and outputs.

High Current Flex RelayThe High Current Flex relay is a collection of 16breaker independent High Current relays. Any oneof the 16 relays can be configured to monitor thecurrent on any of the breakers.

The High Current Flex Relays have the same oper-ational options and settings as the fixed HighCurrent Alarm relay described earlier in this section.

Similar to other Entellisys relays, events are loggedwhen the High Current Flex Relay alarm enterspickup, operates or drops out.

The High Current Flex Relays can also be configuredas Alarms on the Alarm screen.

The High Current Flex Relay cannot trip a breakerdirectly. The High Current Flex relays’ pickup, oper-ate and dropout signals are protection elements inFlexLogic. Therefore, it can be programmed to tripa breaker or breakers. These signals can also beconfigured as virtual inputs and outputs.

Demand Metering Alarm Flex RelayThe Demand Metering Alarms are designed to beused for demand indication and control. Althoughthey are part of the Flex Relay family, they requireat least one instance of a Demand MeteringOption to be available in the system.

The Demand Metering Alarm Flex relay is a collectionof 16 breaker-independent Demand Metering Alarmrelays. Any one of the 16 relays can be configuredto monitor the demand on any breaker with aDemand Meter.

44


Each Demand Metering Alarm flex relay has anUnder Demand and an Over Demand set point.The demand is calculated on the three-phase sumfor each relay using the sub-interval setting andwill start as soon as the Demand Alarm is enabled.

The calculated demand must enter the desireddemand range before the demand alarm is“armed”. Once armed, the Demand Alarm will gointo pickup as soon as a demand sub-intervaleither exceed the Over-Demand pickup or dropsbelow the Under-Demand pickup setting. If itremains in pickup for the configured delay time, itwill alarm.

The Demand Metering Alarm flex relay can beused on breakers with different power flows.However, the power flow will change the directionand how the set points should be configured.

Events are logged when the Demand MeteringFlex Relay alarm enters pickup, operates or dropsout. This applies to both the Over-Demand andthe Under-Demand functions.

The Demand Metering Flex Relay Under-Demandalarm and the Over-Demand Alarm can also beconfigured as Alarms on the Alarm screen.

The Demand Metering Alarm Flex Relay cannottrip a breaker directly. The Demand Metering FlexRelay Under-Demand pickup, operate and dropoutsignals are protection elements in FlexLogic, asare the Over-Demand pickup, operate anddropout signals. Therefore the Demand MeteringAlarm Flex Relay can be programmed to trip abreaker or breakers. These signals can also beconfigured as virtual inputs and outputs.

Redundant Trip CoilThe redundant trip coil function in Entellisys providesa second trip path command for electrically oper-ated breakers opening under a fault condition. The standard method of opening the breakerunder a trip condition actuates the flux shifter. The Redundant Trip Coil feature also actuates theshunt trip under fault conditions. Therefore, electri-cally operated breakers in Entellisys systems withthis feature use both the flux shifter and the shunttrip coil to trip a breaker during a fault event.

Additional precautions have been taken to avoid acontrol power circuit collapse if multiple breakerswere to trip at the same time due to a cascadingevent. Under these conditions, the system will limitthe number of breakers tripping at the same time tothree, sequencing through all breaker trip commandsuntil finished. The breakers will be prioritized withhighest priority given to source breakers, then tiebreakers and then feeder breakers.

45

Entellisys Low-Voltage SwitchgearSection 8. Metering

Entellisys meets metering requirements for a widevariety of customer needs, including:• rms current and voltage• energy, power, and power factor• power demand• harmonic data

There are four levels of metering available:• Basic Metering for simple monitoring• Expanded Metering for energy monitoring• Demand Metering for measuring energy

consumption• Harmonic Metering for waveform and

harmonic analysisThe displayed rms values are averages over 1 second(i.e., 60 cycles fundamental for a 60 Hz power system)as total rms values, including harmonics.

Basic MeteringThe Basic Metering package is included with allEntellisys systems. Basic Metering includes rmscurrent per phase (IA, IB, IC, and IN) and rms voltageper phase. On three-phase, four-wire systems, thePTs are wye connected and Entellisys providesline-to-neutral (VA, VB, and VC) and line-to-line (VAB,VBC, and VCA) voltages. In three-wire systems, the PTsare delta connected and only line-to-line voltagesare provided.

Basic Metering quantities are typically displayedon the one-line diagram, if so configured. Figure8.1 shows a one-line diagram that displays therms currents at each circuit breaker and the rmsvoltages at the main bus.

All metering data in the basic and optional levelscan be viewed by clicking on the circuit breaker ofinterest in the one-line diagram, which displays ascreen similar to that shown in Figure 8.2. This screenprovides access to all information associated with theselected circuit breaker via the navigation buttons.

Expanded MeteringExpanded Metering is the first level of optionalmetering features in Entellisys. You select thenumber of Expanded Metering packages in eachsystem, which can be from zero to the maximumnumber of circuit breakers in the lineup. With thisselection, energy (usage and consumption), power,and power factor can be precisely tracked for everycircuit breaker that has the function enabled. Thisinformation may be useful in tracking facilityprocess variations, allocating utility costs, andunderstanding energy costs.

The following quantities can be metered with thisoption (note that per phase quantities are onlyavailable for wye-connected systems):• Positive watt-hours, per phase and three phase total• Negative watt-hours, per phase and three phase

total• Positive varhours, per phase and three phase total• Negative varhours, per phase and three phase total• Apparent voltamperehours, per phase and three

phase total• Real power (watts) per phase and three phase total • Reactive power (vars) per phase and three phase

total• Apparent power (voltamperes) per phase and

three phase total

Figure 8.1One-line Diagram

Figure 8.2Circuit Breaker Status Screen

46

• Power factor of each phase and three phase total• Minimum power factor, including date and time,

per phase and three phase total• Maximum power factor, including date and time,

per phase and three phase total• Frequency (hertz)

Energy values for watthours, varhours, andvoltamperehours are summed starting either fromthe time that this option was last applied or sincethe last time the values were reset through thehuman-machine interface (HMI). Real, reactive, andapparent power quantities are averaged over onesecond and include the fundamental frequency andharmonics. Power factors are calculated by dividingreal power by apparent power.

Watts and watthours are positive when the currentis flowing from line to load and negative when thecurrent is flowing from load to line. Vars andvarhours are positive when the current is laggingthe voltage and negative when the current is leadingthe voltage. Power factor is positive (i.e., lagging)when watts and vars have the same signs andnegative when watts and vars have oppositesigns. Minimum and maximum comparisons arebased on magnitudes; e.g., a power factor of–0.866 is greater than a power factor of 0.707.

You can view the Expanded Metering screen byclicking the Expanded Metering button on theCircuit Breaker Status screen. An example of theExpanded Metering screen is shown in Figure 8.3.Note that the Expanded Metering button is activeonly if the Expanded Metering option has beenenabled for that circuit breaker.

The Clear Energy button resets the real, reactive,and apparent energy values and the minimum andmaximum power factors for the circuit breakerbeing viewed. The Clear All Bkrs button resets theenergy and power factor values for all the circuitbreakers. Entellisys keeps track of how manytimes the energy values have been reset, alongwith the dates and times of the resets.

Demand MeteringDemand Metering is the second level of optionalmetering available in Entellisys. It includes allenergy and power values in the Expanded Meteringoption plus additional demand values. Again, youcan have any number from zero up to the maximumnumber of circuit breakers in the lineup of DemandMetering packages in the system. Metered demandinformation allows identification of peak and minimum power usage on circuit breakers in theEntellisys system along with power-usage profiles.This is key information for managing your electricpower costs. The Demand Metering option providesthe following quantities:• All quantities available with the Expanded

(Detailed) Metering option• Previous-interval kilowatt (kW) demand• Maximum kW demand• Previous-interval kilovar (kvar) demand• Maximum kvar demand• Previous-interval kVA demand• Maximum kVA demand• Demand logging: kWh, kvarh, kVAh, kW demand,

kvar demand, kVA demand, power factor

Section 8. Metering

Figure 8.3Expanded Metering Screen

Table 8.1Valid Interval and Subinterval Combinations

Subintervals per Interval

Subinterval Length, Minutes

1 2 3 4 5 6 10 15 20 30 60

1 (Block Demand) X X X X X X X X X X X

2 (Rolling Demand) X X X X X X X X

3 (Rolling Demand) X X X X X X

4 (Rolling Demand) X X X X

5 (Rolling Demand) X X X X X



12 (Rolling Demand) X X

15 (Rolling Demand) X X X

47

Section 8. Metering

Figure 8.4Demand Metering Screen

Figure 8.5Demand Log Viewer

In general, a demand value is the average powerused over a specified demand interval. Demandintervals are normally a fraction of an hour thatresults in a whole number when divided into 60minutes. For example, a 12-minute interval is avalid demand interval, since 60 divided by 12 is 5, awhole number. For metering systems that have asystem clock, such as Entellisys, one of the intervalboundaries is synchronized to the start of each hour.This is why the specified interval duration must bea whole number when divided into 60 minutes.

Entellisys supports both block demand and rollingdemand interval calculations, as noted in Table 8.1.By definition, a block demand interval consists ofonly one subinterval. Block demand is the averagepower used during a single interval. A rolling demandinterval consists of two or more subintervals withineach demand interval.

For block demand, Entellisys calculates the averagepower over the duration of each specified demandinterval, I. For rolling demand, Entellisys performs ademand calculation at the end of each subintervalfor the previous N subintervals, where N is thenumber of subintervals per demand interval. (Notethat N is always a whole number.) The calculationis performed for all demand values noted above in the Demand Metering option. Demand logentries are added at the end of each demandinterval or subinterval.

In Entellisys, groups of demand intervals (as wellas subintervals) are synchronized to the hourboundary. For example, if the demand interval

length is 15 minutes, the demand intervals end onthe hour and at 15, 30, and 45 minutes past thehour. The programmed interval length (blockdemand) or subinterval length (rolling demand)and number of subintervals per demand intervalapply to all circuit breakers at which demandmetering is enabled. Figure 8.4 illustrates the datapresented when the Demand Metering button isclicked for a circuit breaker that has this meteringoption. This screen also provides access to thesetup, data reset, and log-clearing functions for aparticular circuit breaker.

Figure 8.5 is an example of a demand log file. Thedemand log charts the demand, power factor, andenergy use versus time. You can view specific logdata for a given time by moving the cursors with thesliding bars at the top of the window. The Save toUSB button saves the demand log file to a USB drive.

A log viewer setup screen is accessed by clickingon the Config button. Entellisys keeps track of howmany times the demands and the demand logshave been reset, along with the dates and timesof the last resets.

Entellisys also offers Demand Alarm relays, whichtrack Demand (both positive and negative) on abreaker. When it reaches a user-defined threshold,it can alarm or – through FlexLogic – open, closeor trip a breaker. The Demand Alarm relays arepart of the Flex Relay Package option in Entellisys.For a complete description of the relays pleaserefer to Section 7, Protection, Flex Relays.

48

Harmonic or Power Quality MeteringHarmonic (or Power Quality) Metering is the third-level metering option available with Entellisys. Thisoption includes all metering functions in DemandMetering and Expanded Metering, plus those thatallow the monitoring of essential power quality data.With the harmonic distortion, harmonic content,and power factor information, potentially harmfuloverheating resulting from excess harmonic contentcan be identified and corrected. Like the previoustwo metering packages, you can have from zeroto as many Harmonic Metering packages as circuit breakers. Harmonic Metering provides the following quantities:• All quantities available with the Demand

Metering option• K factor for each current phase• Voltage Total Harmonic Distortion (VTHD) for

each phase

• Current Total Harmonic Distortion (ITHD) for each phase

• Frequency spectrum (magnitude only) for eachvoltage and current phase

Entellisys waveform analysis collects 64 samplesper cycle, so it can accurately calculate and displayharmonic content up to the 31st harmonic (basedon a fundamental system frequency of 60 Hz). Youcan view the Harmonics Metering screen, as shownin Figure 8.6, by clicking on the Harmonics Meteringbutton on the Circuit Breaker Status screen.

Click on the Harmonics Analysis button to view thefrequency spectra of the voltages and currents, asshown in Figure 8.7. The values are shown in thetable at the top of the screen, while the auto-scalingbar graph illustrates each harmonic component,including the neutral current.

Section 8. Metering

Figure 8.6Harmonics Metering Screen

Figure 8.7Frequency Spectra for Voltage

49

Section 8. Metering

AccuracyThe total system accuracy has not traditionallybeen considered in most accuracy discussionsregarding discrete devices. It is vital to consider thesensor accuracy when analyzing metering accuracy.The Entellisys total system accuracies reflectboth the sensors and the electronics.

Table 8.2 lists the metering accuracies for energyand power values (Wh, varh, VAh, W, var, and VA)under the following conditions:• Nominal frequency• Nominal voltage• Power factor of 0.85 to 1.00 for Wh and VAh• Power factor of 0.00 to 0.15 for varh.

See Tables 8.3 and 8.4 for data on voltage andcurrent accuracy at nominal frequency.

SetupMetering setup requires four elements: basic configuration, packages selected, programmableparameters, and meter distribution.

Basic ConfigurationThe information required for the Basic Configurationensures that metering operates correctly andaccurately. Some of this information is also used toset up other functions, such as overcurrent protectionand protective-relay functions. The frame and CTratings, power-flow direction, PT configuration, andReference PT for each circuit breaker are availableon the User Settings > Metering & Waveformsscreen. An example is shown in Figure 8.8.Entellisys also requires the current-flow directionfor each circuit breaker. This defines the line-loadreference that determines positive and negativepower flow.

For all Entellisys metering quantities that requirevoltage, the potential transformer (PT) informationand power system configuration (i.e., nominal voltage and power system configuration as three-phase, four-wire wye or three-phase, three-wiredelta). Since PT information is common to all circuitbreakers in the Entellisys system, Entellisys doesnot require this to be entered for each circuit

Figure 8.8Configuration Information for Metering

Table 8.2Metering Accuracy

Current (percent of nominal CT rating) Energy and Power Accuracy (percent of reading, includes current sensors)

10% ±5.0%30% ±4.5%50% ±4.0%75% ±3.0%

85-100% ±2.0%

Table 8.3Voltage Accuracy

Current (percent of nominal CT rating) Voltage Accuracy (percent of reading,includes voltage sensors)

50% ±2.0%75% ±1.5%

85-100% ±0.8%

Table 8.4Current Accuracy

Current (percent of nominal CT rating) Current (percent of reading, includes current sensors)

10% ±3.5%30% ±3.25%50% ±2.75%75% ±1.75%

85-100% ±0.8%

50

Section 8. Metering

breaker. The voltage information supplied by onecircuit breaker can be used for calculations forother circuit breakers. Refer to the Entellisysinstruction book for additional setup information.

Packages SelectedYou select the number and type of metering packages desired in the Entellisys system and thiscapability is programmed at the factory duringmanufacturing. Once the system is at the facility,new or additional packages can be added by contacting the factory, who will send you theinformation necessary to upgrade the CPUs. It isnot necessary to add current transformers, wiring,or devices to add or change metering packages.

Programmable ParametersThe only programmable parameters for meteringare the demand interval or subinterval length andthe number of subintervals per interval. This information is set in User Settings > Metering &Waveforms > Demand. An example is shown inFigure 8.9.

Meter DistributionOne of the unique features of Entellisys is thatmetering functions can be moved from one breakerto another, or Mobile Metering. The assignment ofthe metering functions is defined in User Settings> Metering & Waveforms > Demand screen, asshown in Figure 8.10. The metering functions canbe moved to where they are needed by a userwith the correct authority. For instance, if thereare three harmonic packages and, under normalconditions, are located on the main and tie circuits,and then a feeder experiences peculiar behavior, aHarmonic Meter package could be easily moved tothe feeder for the duration needed by simplytouching parameters on a screen. The meter canjust as easily be moved back to the main or tieafter the appropriate amount of data is collectedon the feeder circuit. With Entellisys, meters are adynamic function and a real tool that can bemoved when and wherever needed.

Figure 8.9Configuring Demand Calculations

Figure 8.10Meter Distribution

51

Entellisys Low-Voltage SwitchgearSection 9. Events and Diagnostics

The Entellisys system performs power system andcircuit breaker protection, power system controland operation, and system monitoring. To track its comprehensive capabilities and actions, theEntellisys system provides several comprehensive,coordinated monitoring functions:

• Sequence of Events• Alarming• System Health Monitoring

In other sections of this publication, the Entellisysprotection, control, and metering functions arediscussed in detail. Events from protection andcontrol, internal diagnostic events, and data frommetering can be logged by the Entellisys systemautomatically. This capability provides a compre-hensive view of power system activity with excellentresolution. Supplementary information from thewaveform capture (WFC) function can be triggered,recorded, and associated with specific system events.This comprehensive record helps you to understandwhat has happened with sub-millisecond resolution.You can also analytically view event data to betterunderstand the exact nature of power systemoccurrences.

For example, not only can you determine the precisemoment when a fault occurred, but you can also seethe resulting automatic protection operations andfollow-on operator actions. You can then analyzethe effects on the power system via the capturedwaveform and fault report data just before, during,and just after the fault. The detailed information inthe record assists in the post-mortem analysis of thesystem occurrence. This information can provide

substantial insight as to why facility operationswere affected and what can be done to prevent orlimit the effects of future power system faults. Inovercurrent fault situations, not only can affectedcircuits see extreme current levels, but voltagedepressions occur, affecting other equipment andoperations. The Entellisys system’s events anddiagnostics capabilities work together to bringyou a comprehensive overview of power systemactivity, providing improved management of phe-nomena and their effects on facility operations.

The software algorithms for protection, control,and monitoring run independently of one another.Each algorithm has its own cycle time. If areportable event or change of status occurs as aresult of the cycle completion, that event is timetagged and stored in that computer’s nonvolatilememory. Consequently, the accuracy of the timetag is related to the length of the algorithm cyclethat reported it . The computer clock resolution isequal to or better than five microseconds.

Figure 9.1 is a simple functional block diagramshowing the interrelations between the variousevent generators and monitoring systems.Protection and control (automatic and manual)events can be configured as reportable events inthe Sequence of Events (SOE) monitoring algorithm.The Entellisys system alarms and the internalSystem Health algorithms monitor events that canalso be reported as SOE events. The resulting time-tagged log precisely lists all events from Entellisysmonitoring, control, and protection functions.

Figure 9.1Events and Diagnostics Functional Diagram

Circuit Breaker &Power System

Protection

EntellisysAlarms

Functions

Sequence of Events(SOE)

Recorder

WaveformCapture

Circuit Breaker &Power System

Control

EntellisysSystem Health

Monitoring

EmailNotification

GE ServiceNotification

(Optional)

CPU BreakerMessenger

52

Section 9. Events and Diagnostics

Sequence of EventsThe Sequence of Events (SOE) record in the Entellisyslow-voltage switchgear provides a detailedchronology of all system phenomena, as shown inFigure 9.2. This includes events related to protectiveand control functions as well as the monitoringsystem itself. Reported events are captured andtime tagged to within five μs of their reporting, thenlogged. The Entellisys local and remote human-machine interfaces (HMIs) continuously poll eachCPU and retrieve this information automatically asnew events are generated and logged. Additionally,the HMIs also log events related to them (i.e., operatorlogon and time synchronization) and add them tothe locally stored record.

Each CPU buffers and maintains the last 1024 eventsit records. These event buffers are backed up innonvolatile memory. CPU-logged events are scannedby the local HMI computer and logged in the SOE.The Sequence of Events log can be saved or printed,depending upon the type of HMI being used. Thelocal touchscreen HMIs will save the SOE in an .htmlfile to the USB port located on the front of the panel.The remote HMI software will print the sequenceof events log sorted by date in ascending order.

Some events trigger a Waveform Capture (WFC)and Fault Report (FR) data capture. These eventsinclude protection events, alarms, and controlcommands issued to open or close a circuit breaker.The WFCs and FRs are linked to SOE events to makeit easy to recall this supplemental informationwhen viewing a given event. Like event data, faultreport data are stored in nonvolatile memory.

WFC records are stored only in volatile memorywithin the CPU due to limited hard drive space andthe potential size of WFC data. The HMI retains allretrieved WFC records on its hard drive. To maintainsystem performance, the HMI does not automaticallyretrieve every waveform, but only those that arerequested for viewing. It is possible to configure anexternal SCADA system, linked to Entellisys, to performautomatic WFC retrievals for backup purposes. Itis also possible to download WFC data to a memorystick via the USB port on the front of the HMI.

Clicking on the header of any column in the SOEscreen causes the events to be sorted according tothat header. The default view of the SOE displaysthe events of the CPU in the order in which theywere logged.

All of the events are categorized by severity, andeach category can be color-coded by the user.This is an excellent visual tool for quickly discerningthe most important events.

Navigation buttons are provided on the screen tomove between pages of events. The screen is notrefreshed automatically so that it does not interruptnavigation between pages. Instead, a refresh buttonis provided at the top of the screen to update thelist when necessary.If a protection or circuit breaker operation eventoccurs, a Fault Report and Waveform Captureassociated with the event will be available. To vieweither of these, highlight the event and click oneither the View Fault Data or Waveform button atthe top of the SOE screen.

Figure 9.2Sequence of Events Screen

53


The Fault Report screen consists of a table of allcircuit breakers in the system with the RMS currentrecorded by each circuit breaker’s Messenger inthe half-cycle just before the event is shown foreach circuit breaker.

The SOE configuration screen can be opened byclicking the Preferences button at the top of the SOEwindow. The options here allow you to customize theinformation retained and displayed to meet yourneeds. The following configurations can be selected:

• Events Filter– Select which events are displayedin the SOE. The filtering enables the user to limitthe types of events displayed by checking thedesired boxes. Events not selected for displayare still maintained in nonvolatile memory. Thesecan be viewed at any time by selecting theappropriate type of event in the filtering list. Theuser can filter by Event Category. Each type ofevent is categorized by severity (Attention, Caution,Trip, Alarm, Other), or you can select All categoriesto be shown. There are also filters to select HMIand CPU events and a specified date range.

• Protect vs. Overwrite – In Protect mode, the eventlogger stops recording events if the maximumsize of the daily log is reached. In Overwrite mode,the oldest events are overwritten on a FIFO basis,if the maximum size of the daily log is reached.Thus, the newest log information is always availablein the log.

• Event Log Size – This specifies the maximum sizeof the daily log.

• Maximum Fault Reports – This specifies the max-imum number of Fault Reports the HMI retrievesand stores in a given day.

• Retention Days – The number of days eventrecords are retained before automatic deletionto manage hard drive space.

Waveform CaptureAll waveform captures are performed for the entireEntellisys system. This means that all availablechannels configured for recording are recordedsimultaneously for each waveform capture. Thefollowing channels at each point are recorded:• Analog – Ia, Ib, Ic, In, Va, Vb, Vc (or Vba, Vbc, Vca for

delta-connected PTs)• Command (Control) Transitions – Open, Close,

and Trip • Status (Operation) Transitions – Open, Closed,

Spring Charge, Analog IOC, Backup Trip

Waveforms are captured by both internal andexternal Entellisys system circumstances. Waveformsfor every circuit breaker in the system are capturedby the following conditions:• Any protective relay (including overcurrent)

alarm reaches its alarm set point• Any protective relay (including overcurrent) trip

reaches its trip set point• Any circuit breaker operation (open, close, trip)

initiated from the HMI • A specified FlexLogic virtual output operates. All

of the protective elements available in FlexLogic(any protective element’s pickup, dropout, andoperate for both the trip function and the alarmfunction)

• The Force Trigger button at the HMI is pressedby a user

Figure 9.3Waveform Capture Screen

54

Consequently, waveforms can be captured duringpower disturbances or other power system events.The waveforms, when combined with the sequenceof events log, provides a unique analysis tool toidentify system phenomenon.

The capture duration is 1.0 second on 60 Hz systemsand 1.2 seconds on 50 Hz systems. Up to 64 digitalsamples are recorded per cycle. All channels forthe entire system are time synchronized to within5 μs of each other.

Up to 1000 system-wide waveforms can be held inmemory. Therefore, the maximum number of WFCevents held at any time is dependent on the num-ber of Messengers in the system; there is oneMessenger for each circuit breaker in the system. The number of WFC events that can bestored, can be calculated as the integer quotientof 1000/n, where n is the total number ofMessengers in the system. The file data are storedaccording to the format defined by COMTRADE(IEEE Std. C37-111-1999).

Waveform captures are viewed using the HMIscreen. To see the waveform data, highlight theevent of interest on the SOE list and then click theWaveform button.

The waveforms in Figure 9.3 were captured fromand associated with an overcurrent event. The dateand time of the waveform capture are displayedat the top of the screen. While the time resolutionis displayed to the nearest microsecond, the systemclock resolution is equal to or better than five μs.

Data associated with the cursors on the analogwaveform chart are displayed below the date andtime. To the right of the date and time are theslide-bar controls for the moveable cursors and thetime data for the cursor relative to the start of theWFC event. The slide bars can be used to controlthe moveable cursor positions or the actual cursoron the analog waveform chart can be clicked anddragged to another location. The color-highlightedbox beneath the slide control shows the length oftime from the start of the record to the cursor. Thecolor highlights correspond to the blue and greencursors on the analog waveform chart. The timedifference, Δt, between the blue and green cursorsis displayed in the yellow highlighted box. The redcursor on the analog waveform chart remainsfixed at the time of the event trigger.

The instantaneous values from the analog wave-form chart are listed in the table to the left of theanalog waveforms. This is a dynamic table. Thecolor-highlighted values correspond to the instan-taneous values at the blue and green cursor locations.

These are not rms values, but the instantaneousvalues at those points on the analog waveform, asshown in Figure 9.4. The yellow-highlighted value isthe difference between the blue and green values.

You can move the blue and green cursors to differentpositions on the analog waveform chart to determinevalues at any time during the recorded event.Thus, if you want to see the decline in fault currentmagnitude over a time period from fault inception,position the blue cursor at the beginning of the fault


Figure 9.5Waveform Configuration Screen

Figure 9.4Instantaneous Values

55


Figure 9.6Alarm Status Display

and the green cursor at the end of the time period.This sets the values in the table at the beginningand end of the period and the magnitude differencebetween them. (Please note that for sinusoidalwave forms, the cursor should be placed at thesame point on the sine wave, e.g., a positive peak,to obtain meaningful Δt information.)

Located just above the Instantaneous Values tableare blue, green, and yellow buttons. These buttonscan be used to filter the displayed values by turningthem on or off. The default position of the buttonsis on. When turned off, the corresponding valuesare not displayed in the numerical chart.

A section of waveform(s) may be selected andzoomed in on by checking the Zoom In button.Multiple zooms are possible. Checking the ZoomOut box reverts to the previous screen. A user hasthe option to install a USB mouse in the front of theHMI, enabling right-clicking the mouse and drag-ging the outline box over the desired segment.With the mouse, right-clicking without draggingzooms out. Waveforms may be superimposed byselecting and dragging them with the left mousebutton.

It is also possible to group oscillography waveformsignals together to view with a common scale.Phase waveform magnitudes that are groupedwithin the same group heading are displayed inrelation to each of the other signals in their group.The waveform with the largest amplitude is takenas the reference scale, and other waveforms will

be displayed in their proper ratios with respect tothis signal.

Figure 9.5 shows the configuration screen for selectingvalues to be charted. Up to 40 channels can beplotted in various colors, line styles, and groupsfor simultaneous display. These 40 channels canbe a combination of analog and digital channels.

Alarms The Alarm function provides a convenient methodfor creating alerts for conditions that may warrantthe immediate attention of facility operators. Insetting alarms, you can use the Entellisys systemto automatically watch for issues or conditions thatare of specific interest to the operational staff, suchas identifying when the current on a given feederis too high or too low. Each alarm can be emailedto up to 4 different email addresses, thus notifyingkey personnel in a timely and efficient manner.

The Alarm Status button changes color as an alertto changes in the status of any configured alarmson a “most severe” basis. In the case of multiplealarms, the Alarm Status button will display thecolor of the most severe condition. This providesvisual indication of alarm status on the HMI screenregardless of what screen the operator is lookingat. Click on the Alarm Status button to display themore detailed Alarm Status Display, shown inFigure 9.6. The legend across the top of the screenshows the possible states for Alarm Conditions.Individual alarms populate the screen and eachhas its own indicating color button, the name of the

56

alarm and a field for descriptions or comments. Upto 24 different alarms can be located on the screen.

Alarms can be either printed or saved to an .htmlfile, depending on the type of HMI being used.Local HMIs download the file via the integral USBdrive. Remote HMI software on PCs enable thealarm information to be printed.

Configuring alarms via the Alarm set-up screen issimple and straightforward, as shown in figure 9.7.Selecting the condition to be monitored from thedrop-down menu creates an alarm. Up to 28 indi-vidual conditions are available, as is the ability tospecify the email notification recipients for thatcondition. In the drop-down list, an alarm may bea specific condition at a particular circuit breakerlocation or a general condition across any of thebreakers.

Select the Email Preferences button to configurethe SMTP Server to be used for email notifications.A Test Email Address button is provided. A specialfield for specifying Email Notification for theoccurrence of control power events is also available.Control power events can be associated with theuninterruptible power supplies that power theEntellisys control power network and may be used to

warn of potential control power loss system issues.

An optional notification service notifies GE Service,allowing them to respond with assistance.Maintenance and service contracts are available tosupport your facility’s needs. Please contact yourlocal GE Sales Representative for more informationabout this offering.

System HealthThe System Health Summary window, as shown inFigure 9.8, displays diagnostic information aboutthe Entellisys monitoring system itself. Events fromthis information can be configured to appear in theSOE and/or the system alarms. Prompt systemnotification of Entellisys system conditions alertsfacility staff so they can act accordingly.

The System Health Summary screen contains ahigh-level summary of the functional status of eachof the Messengers and CPUs in the Entellisys system.

Clicking on either of the CPU indicator lights willshow the status for that device in greater detail.Each of the circuit breaker indicator lights willshow a greater level of detail of the status of theMessenger associated with that breaker.


Figure 9.8System Health Summary

Figure 9.7Alarm Set-up Dialog

57

Entellisys Low-Voltage SwitchgearSection 10. Discrete I/O

Discrete Input/Output (Discrete I/O) is an optional feature that allows Entellisys to communicate withtraditional hardwired controls and monitoring.Discrete I/O can be used for such situations as remotecontrol of the circuit breakers, remote inputs to a Custom Control scheme, remote RELT on/offcommands, output of any status function in theEntellisys system (e.g., breaker status, protectiverelay status, RELT status, and system status), or froma Custom Control scheme to a remote monitoringor control system. Discrete I/O uses the Entellisyssystem’s Flex Logic to assign functions to theinputs and outputs.

Discrete I/O is available with up to 128 configurablepoints, and each CPU is capable of accepting two64-point I/O cards. Discrete I/O points are configuredas inputs or outputs in groups of 16 (16, 32, 48, …,128) through screens on the HMI.

Table 10.1 lists the Flex Logic elements that canbe provided as outputs for each breaker throughDiscrete I/O.

Discrete I/O is available in nonredundant andredundant configurations. Nonredundant DiscreteI/O communicates with only one CPU and may beused where there are simple outputs to remote

monitoring systems (e.g., outputs to simulatebreaker auxiliary contacts for remote indication ofbreaker open or closed status).

Communication with more complex external mon-itoring and control systems can use Ethernet orredundant Discrete I/O. Redundant Discrete I/O sharesinformation with both Entellisys CPUs. Inputs arepassed digitally to both CPUs so that control logicwithin Entellisys operates with identical information.Output redundancy is implemented as a logical-OR ofthe information from each CPU to each digital output.

From a hardware standpoint, Discrete I/O is imple-mented with relay blocks, each holding up to 16I/O points and dedicated to either 16 input or 16output points. Typical configurations of 64 I/Opoints are shown in Table 10.2. Similar logic appliesfor 128 I/O-point capability.

External connections to the I/O points (relay blocks)accommodate single- or multiple-conductor cablesmade of #14 to #22 AWG wire. External (customer)connections to the I/O points are made in the I/Ocubicle located in the front of the switchgear.

Inputs to the I/O points can be dry contacts, DCsignals, or AC signals. Table 10.3 lists the input

Table 10.1Flex Logic Outputs through Discrete I/O

Table 10.2Discrete I/O Configuration

Input Points Output Points Output Points Input Points Total I/O0 16, 32, 48, 64 0 16, 32, 48, 64 Point Capability

16 0, 16, 32, 48 16 0, 16, 32, 4832 0, 16, 32 OR 32 0, 16, 32 = 6448 0, 16 48 0, 1664 0 64 0

Breaker

Protective Relay(UV/OV/UF/OF/PH-L/REVPWR/

UV FLEX)

OvercurrentFunction

(LT/ST/INST/GF)

High-ResistanceGround (HRG)

Bus-Differential,Multisource Ground

FaultSync Check RELT

High Current Alarm, HighCurrent Alarm Flex Relay,Demand Metering FlexRelay (Under-demand and Over-demand)

Open Alarm in pickup (timing)

LT, ST, GF in pickup(timing)

HRG in pickup (timing)

Bus-differential tripoperated Sources available Single Point

on/off Alarm in pickup

Closed Alarm operated LT, ST, INST, GF operated HRG operated Multisource GF trip

operatedSources not

availableMultiPoint

on/off Alarm operated

Locked Out Alarm dropped out

LT, ST, INST, GFdropped out HRG dropped out Sources

synchronizedSystem-Wide

on/off Alarm dropped out

Closing Spring Charged Trip value in pickup (timing)

Pulsing contactorstatus ON/OFF

Sources not synchronized

Breaker in CONNECT Position Trip operatedBreaker in TEST/DISC Position Trip dropped out

Secondary Disconnect EngagedBreaker Available

Breaker ReadyBreaker Fault

58

modules available. When dry contacts are used asinputs, a wetting voltage of 120v AC is suppliedfrom the switchgear control power supply.

Outputs from the I/O points are dry contacts suitablefor use in AC or DC control or monitoring circuits.Each output module contact is individually fused at5A. Contact ratings for the output modules arelisted in Table 10.4. Control circuits operating atvoltages and currents exceeding the ratings of theI/O modules require interposing relays.

Each input and output module has a status LED toindicate the presence of an input signal (high) andthe status of the output (ON). Operation of DiscreteI/O is based on positive logic.

Figure 10.1 shows the redundant Discrete I/O con-figuration. The logical OR module is not providedwith nonredundant Discrete I/O, and only CPU-A isconnected to the I/O modules.

Discrete inputs and outputs communicate with theFlex Logic that runs on the CPUs. Flex Logicalways operates in a redundant mode on bothCPUs and identical Flex Logic programs run onboth CPUs. When nonredundant Discrete I/O isused, the inputs and outputs are connected onlyto CPU-A. Although both CPU-A and CPU-B run the

same Flex Logic programs, only CPU-A can controlthe nonredundant Discrete I/O.

If redundant Discrete I/O is provided, inputs and outputs are connected to both CPU-A and CPU-Band both CPUs run the same Flex Logic programs.CPU-A is the default primary controller for DiscreteI/O and executes breaker commands and changesto digital output states. CPU-B is blocked fromoperating breakers and its digital outputs are 0.When ORed with the digital outputs from CPU-A,the output relay status is the same as the digitaloutput from CPU-A. CPU-B continues to read thedigital inputs and run its Flex Logic.

Should an issue develop with CPU-A, it will transfercontrol of Discrete I/O to CPU-B. Outputs from CPU-Aare then 0 and the digital output relays are controlled by CPU-B through the OR-board. CPU-Bretains control of the Discrete I/O until CPU-A returnsto a healthy status, at which time CPU-A requestscontrol and CPU-B relinquishes it to CPU-A.

An alarm indicates when a Discrete I/O card has anissue on power-up. Events are listed in the EventLog for Discrete I/O card failure type, which CPU iscontrolling the Discrete I/O, and any time control ofDiscrete I/O transfers from one CPU to the other.

Section 10. Discrete I/O

Figure 10.1 Redundant Discrete I/O Hardware Configuration

Table 10.3Discrete I/O input module contact ratings

Table 10.4Discrete I/O output module contact ratings

1 Inductive loads require diode suppression

Standard DC Standard AC/DC Optional AC/DC

3-32Vdc 90-140Vac/Vdc 180-240Vac/Vdc

Standard Optional Optional

100Vdc/120Vac 110Vdc/250Vac 24-140Vac

Maximum Contact Rating 10 Watts 90 Watts

2.0 Amps - TriacMaximum Switching Current1 0.5 Amp 3.0 Amps

Maximum Carry Current1 1.0 Amp 5.0 Amps

64-P

OIN

T D

IGIT

AL

I/O

CA

RD #

2

64-P

OIN

T D

IGIT

AL

I/O

CA

RD #

2

(FORREDUNDANTI/O ONLY)

CPU-B

64-P

OIN

T D

IGIT

AL

I/O

CA

RD #

1

CPU-A

64-P

OIN

T D

IGIT

AL

I/O

CA

RD #

1

OUTPUTS

INPUTS

OUTPUTS

INPUTS

INTERFACEBLOCK

INTERFACEBLOCK C

UST

OM

ERC

ON

NEC

TIO

Ns

165VDC

IN

16 OU

TPU

TPO

INTS

85-265VACIN

5VD

CPO

WER

SUPP

LY

5VDCOUT

(FO

R RE

DU

ND

AN

TO

UTP

UTS

ON

LY)

OR

OR

LOGICAL"OR" (16)

1

5VDC IN

16 INPU

TPO

INTS

I/O RELAY BLOCK16 POINT

59

Entellisys Low-Voltage SwitchgearSection 11. Control

The control features of the Entellisys system canbe implemented in several pre-engineered schemesand also in custom-engineered logic for some orall of the breakers in the switchgear lineup. Theavailable control features include Local Control viathe HMI, Bell Alarm with Lockout, Network Interlock,Automatic Transfer, Sync Check, Load Shedding,Selector Switch (Manual Transfer), Remote Control,Custom Control, and Digital Input/Output. Each ofthese features is described below.

Local ControlLocal Control is initiated via the HMI (human-machine interface) located in the switchgear lineup,an HMI located in a separate cabinet close to theswitchgear (Near-Gear HMI), or a network-connectedPC with remote HMI software. Local Control can beused to open and close the circuit breakers in thelineup. Manually operated breakers can only betripped by Local Control, while electrically operatedbreakers can be closed, tripped, and opened. Localcontrol is supervised by Bell Alarm with Lockoutand Network Interlock features.

Bell Alarm with LockoutBell Alarm with Lockout is an optional mechanicalinterlock mounted on the circuit breaker that preventsreclosing the breaker until the device is manuallyreset. Any control scheme that attempts to closethe breaker before the Bell Alarm with Lockout isreset results in a failure to close. The Bell Alarm withLockout is operated by the CPU for any system-initiated trip (not a local open operation). The BellAlarm with Lockout is always operated by an over-current trip (overload, short circuit, ground fault) andcan be selected to operate for any or all of theprotective-relay trips (under- or overvoltage, phaseloss, under- or overfrequency, power reversal). A localtrip initiated from the HMI can also be selected tolock out the breaker. The Bell Alarm with Lockoutmust be manually reset at the circuit breaker withthe yellow target button on the breaker escutcheon.

Network InterlockNetwork Interlock is an optional mechanical interlockmounted on the circuit breaker. It is always suppliedwith the Hidden Close option for the mechanical closebutton on the breaker escutcheon. The NetworkInterlock is mutually exclusive with the Bell Alarm withLockout (either the Bell Alarm with Lockout or NetworkInterlock can be supplied but not both) and it has twostates, LOCKOUT and RESET. The Network Interlockis locked out and reset via the system control logic.

Setting the Network Interlock to LOCKOUT when thebreaker is closed causes the breaker to trip. In theLOCKOUT position, the Network Interlock holds thebreaker mechanically trip free and also inhibits electri-cal closing. The control logic must provide a commandto reset the Network Interlock before the breaker canbe closed manually or by control logic. Loss of controlpower does not cause the Network Interlock to reset.

Automatic TransferAutomatic Transfer includes a library of pre-engi-neered control logic for automatic transfer schemesused in multiple source lineups, such as Normal–Emergency (two-breaker transfer) or main-tie-main /main-tie-tie-main (three-breaker transfer). Thelibrary of automatic transfer schemes includestypical delayed-transfer and manual return-to-normal with open transition (break-before-make)and more complex schemes of automatic transferand automatic return with momentary paralleling(make-before-break) and synchronism check. Theexpanded FlexLogic capabilities can now accom-modate auto transfer schemes with up to 8 sourceand tie breakers.

Sync Check Sync Check is an optional control element thatchecks for synchronism between two voltagesources (adjustable voltage, angle, and frequency)and can serve as a permissive element in the control logic to allow a circuit breaker to close onlywhen two voltage sources are synchronized. The SyncCheck function includes Live/Dead Bus–Live/DeadLine sensing for bypassing the Sync Check require-ment if one or both of the sources are de-energized.

Selector Switch (Manual Transfer)Selector Switch (Manual Transfer) provides a man-ually initiated transfer of loads from one source toanother via Flex Logic. This optional control schemepermits transfer of loads from one bus to anotherthrough either momentary parallel operation or byblocking any parallel operation. This control optionalso retransfers the load back to the normal source.The Selector Switch control scheme can be set forOpen Transition (break-before-make) or ClosedTransition (make-before-break). In the Open Transitionmode, the control logic blocks any parallel operation.Transfer of loads occurs by opening one main breakerand then closing the tie breaker. Return to normalrequires the tie breaker to be opened before the mainbreaker can be re-closed. The three Closed Transitionsettings for Selector Switch are “Both Mains Closed

60

Section 11. Control

with Tie Open,” “Main 1 & Tie Closed with Main 2Open,” and “Main 2 & Tie Closed with Main 1 Open”.Setting Selector Switch to any of these positionscauses the control logic to check for proper systemconditions, enable momentary parallel operationand then open the appropriate breaker to achievethe selected configuration. The Closed Transitionmanual transfer is initiated by manually closingthe third breaker via the Breaker Control screen.

Remote ControlRemote Control allows you to issue open commands(and close commands if the breaker is electricallyoperated) from a remote location using traditionalhardwired control methods. The remote signalsare processed through Discrete I/O (see below)and the breakers are operated through the CPU.

Custom Control Custom Control uses FlexLogic to allow factoryengineers to design customer-defined controlschemes for the circuit breakers. Elements used inthe FlexLogic control schemes include all breakerstatus conditions (open, closed, locked out, rackedin or out , springs charged), protective-relay pickupand delay settings, overcurrent pickup and delaysettings, line-up relays (Sync Check, Multi-SourceGround Fault , Bus Differential, High ResistanceGround Fault) pickup and delay settings, alarms,and events. External inputs and outputs forCustom Control are provided by Discrete I/O.

Expanded FlexLogic resources for custom controlschemes include:• Maximum of 4096 lines of code• 480 Virtual Outputs• 160 Timers• 64 One-Shots• 30 Control Alarms• 12 Sync-Check Relays

(requires Sync Check relay option)• Waveform Trigger

(requires Waveform Capture option)

Additional Circuit Breaker Status Elements:• Breaker Available (breaker racked in with primary

and secondary disconnects connected)• Breaker Ready (breaker is Available and closed)• Breaker Fault (any abnormal condition for the

circuit breaker, such as protective relay operations,back-up overcurrent protection operation, etc.)

Discrete Input/Output (Discrete I/O) Discrete Input/Output (Discrete I/O) is an optionalfeature that allows Entellisys to communicate withtraditional hardwired controls and monitoring.Discrete I/O applications include remote control ofthe circuit breakers, remote inputs to a CustomControl scheme, and remote outputs of any statusfunction in the system (e.g., breaker status, protectiverelay status, alarm status and system status).

Discrete I/O can be provided for up to 128 config-urable points and is available in either nonredundantor redundant configurations. Nonredundant DiscreteI/O communicates with only one CPU and may beused with simple outputs to remote monitoringsystems (for example, outputs to simulate breakerauxiliary contacts for remote indication of breakeropen or closed status). Redundant I/O may be usedfor communicating with more complex externalmonitoring and control systems and when interfacesthrough communicating devices are not possible.

Emergency Stop (E-Stop) ControlThe Emergency Stop (E-Stop) or hardwired shunttrip option in Entellisys provides the user with theability to operate the EntelliGuard breaker’s shunttrip from a remote location without requiring accessto the system’s control logic (FlexLogic). This maybe used in applications requiring a means forsafety or firefighting personnel to remove powerfrom equipment before entering a building or room.

The E-Stop option requires the EntelliGuard breakerto be electrically operated so that it is equipped witha shunt trip coil (manually operated breakers do nothave shunt trip coils). The switchgear will be suppliedwith an interposing relay which, when operated, willisolate the shunt trip from the Messenger trip circuitand will re-connect the shunt trip to the switchgearcontrol power source. The control power source istapped ahead of the Entellisys UPSs but downstreamof the control power transfer relays. Therefore,control power for the shunt trip(s) may come fromeither of the 120V AC control power sources usedto provide power for the Entellisys system.

The E-Stop interposing relay, which is mounted inan auxiliary cubicle in the switchgear, is availablewith an AC or DC operating coil. Control voltage forthe interposing relay coil is provided from an external,user-supplied source. Voltage options for the inter-posing relay are 120, 208, 240V, 60Hz, 110, 220,

61

Section 11. Control

230V, 50Hz, and 24, 48, 125V DC. The initiating signalfor the E-Stop function (push button, key switch,etc) is also provided by the user. See Figure 11.1for a simplified schematic of the E-Stop option.

Up to 4 breakers in an Entellisys system may beequipped with an E-Stop function. This insuresthere is adequate control power available forsimultaneous tripping of the E-Stop breakers. TheE-Stop control switch (push button, key switch,etc) must be located remote from the Entellisysswitchgear equipment, which includes theEntellisys Control Section, the Near Gear HMISection, and the Near Gear Wall-Mount Cabinet.

Figure 11.1E-Stop Schematic

User-supplied AC or DCRemote Control Power Source& Switch (PB, KEY, …)

Entelliguard BreakerShunt Trip Coil

Switchgear 120VAC Control Power Source

EntelliguardMessenger

E-stop Interposing Relay(Located in Switchgear)

Normally Open Contacts WillClose When Relay Is EnergizedFrom a Remote Source

62

Notes

63

Entellisys Low-Voltage SwitchgearSection 12. EntelliGuard Preventative Maintenance

Entellisys tracks the data needed to manage preventative maintenance items. Circuit breakertransition counters, life calculations, run hours ofoperation, and last-operation date stamping all aidin maintaining and servicing the Entellisys system.In addition, transition counters can trigger alarmsafter a certain number of transitions have occurred.

The Entellisys system provides up-to-the-minutestatus for every circuit breaker in your Entellisysinstallation. There is no need to run around with aclipboard, recording the operations counter readingon each of your circuit breakers. The Entellisyssystem not only tracks the number of operationsof each circuit breaker, but also estimates actualcurrent breaking life and mechanical life. Entellisysshows you what you need to know, whenever youwant to know it.

Viewing and Understanding the PreventativeMaintenance DataFigure 12.1 shows the Maintenance Data displaythat is obtained by selecting a circuit breaker fromthe one-line drawing. Each of these entries isdescribed in the following.

Total OperationsEntellisys counts the number of closed-to-opentransitions, regardless of load, of each EntelliGuardcircuit breaker.

Total No-Load OperationsEntellisys counts the number of closed-to-open

transitions that occur with no load (less than 1% ofrated current) for each EntelliGuard circuit breaker.

Total Load OperationsEntellisys counts the number of closed-to-opentransitions that occur with load (1% or more ofrated current) for each EntelliGuard circuit breaker.

Total Fault OperationsEntellisys counts the number of closed-to-opentransitions that occur due to a fault on eachEntelliGuard circuit breaker. These are trips issued bya protection feature, such as short-time, long-time,and instantaneous overcurrent.

Percent Load LifeEntellisys tracks the percentage of the total load lifeof the EntelliGuard circuit breaker that has been used.When an EntelliGuard circuit breaker transitions fromclosed to open, the percentage of load life used isupdated with the equation below, which includesthe frame size and the current flowing through thebreaker at the time of transition. The constant Kdepends on the circuit breaker’s frame size, as listedin Table 12.1.

% of Load Life = Σ((Ιrms/Ιframe)2 / Κframe)

If the current flowing through the circuit breakerat the time of transition exceeds the maximumcurrent threshold (see Table 12.2), 45% of thebreaker’s life is added to the total load life used.

Figure 12.1 Breaker Maintenance Data Display

Table 12.2 Maximum Current Threshold

Frame Size, A Max current threshold800 15

1600 152000 153200 134000 95000 7

Table 12.1 Frame-Size Constant Used in Calculating Percentage of Load LifeFrame Size, A Κframe

800 28001600 12002000 10003200 6004000 5005000 400

64

Figure 12.2 Preventative Maintenance Display

Percent Mechanical LifeEntellisys updates the fraction of mechanical life usedon each EntelliGuard circuit breaker every time thebreaker transitions from closed to open. It is calculatedby dividing the total number of operations by thenumber of rated operations, as listed in Table 12.3.

Last Breaker OperationEntellisys records the date and time of the lastoperation, either closed to open or open to closed,for each EntelliGuard circuit breaker.

Adjusting the Preventative Maintenance ValuesAll the values described above, except for accumu-lated service hours and percentage total load life(which are purely calculated values) can be adjusted.Select Preventative Maintenance from the HMI UserSettings menu to display the window shown in Figure12.2. The setup tab on this screen displays the currentvalues and lets you change the selectable fields.When a component of the Entellisys system iscommissioned, replaced, or moved, adjustmentsmust be made to all these values.

You can set thresholds on certain values to generatean alarm and send an email notification when thethreshold is exceeded. These are set on the AlarmsSetup screen, which is displayed by pressing theAlarms Setup button.

Notification ThresholdsEnter values in these boxes to set threshold alarmsfor each of the operations counters. When thecount equals the threshold value, a notificationemail is sent according to the configuration on theAlarms Setup screen.

Hours of OperationEntellisys records the date and time that a circuitbreaker was initially energized and displays thenumber of hours that have elapsed since then.These hours are a purely calculated value and are as accurate as the current system time. Theequation used to calculate this is:TRunHours = TCurrentTime – TinitialEnergizing

AlertsAlerts are automatically activated based on preventative maintenance data. The three differenttypes of alerts, described below, can be modifiedthough the alarm functions. Refer to Section 9 formore on alarms.

Accumulated Service Hours AlertsEntellisys keeps track of the date and time eachEntelliGuard breaker was initially energized. Thisvalue is entered into the HMI on the PM settingsscreen. On every anniversary of the energizingdate, an alarm is activated and an event isentered in the event log.

Load Life Operation AlertsEntellisys activates a user-defined alarm and logsan event when any EntelliGuard circuit breaker hasreached 50%, 75%, or 90% of its load life operations.

Mechanical Life Operation AlertsEntellisys activates a user-defined alarm and logsan event when any EntelliGuard circuit breakerhas reached 12.5%, 25%, 37.5%, 50%, 62.5%,75%, 87.5%, or 100% of its mechanical life.

Section 12. EntelliGuard Preventative Maintenance

Table 12.3 Number of Rated Operations for Each Frame Size

Frame Size, A Mechanical endurance800 9700

1600 32002000 32003200 11004000 11005000 1100

65

Figure 13.1 Touchscreen Display

Figure 13.2 Entellisys Main Menu

Entellisys Low-Voltage SwitchgearSection 13. User Interface – HMI

The touchscreen Human-Machine Interface (HMI) isa window into the Entellisys system. All protection,monitoring, and control is performed by the centralprocessing units (CPUs). The HMI, the user interfacewith the Entellisys system, translates and displaysthis activity. The HMI is typically placed in theswitchgear lineup or nearby in a stand-alone stackor wall-mounted cabinet. The operator can inter-rogate the entire system from one location, witheasy-to navigate screens providing clear informationon the power system dynamics. No longer do youhave to interpret cryptic messages on small, dimlylit screens or wonder which button or combinationof buttons to press to find the information youneed. With the Entellisys HMI, all of the lineupinformation is literally at your fingertips, on a largescreen displaying easy-to-understand information.

The HMI interface software operates as a kiosk,meaning that this is the only software that can beoperated on this hardware. This prevents someonefrom loading foreign software into the HMI computerthat would interfere with the visibility into theEntellisys system.

The large, 15" active matrix touchscreen display(see Figure 13.1) provides effective communicationwith the system. Simply touching the on-screenbuttons moves you from screen to screen to theinformation you need. The keyboard with numerickeypad located below the screen makes dataentry fast and convenient. A USB port, in thelower-right corner, protected by a hinged door,provides a fast and easy way to download files viaa thumb drive, as an alternative to downloadinginformation over a LAN connection.

Each user is assigned a password by the systemadministrator (the person at the user’s facility withEntellisys system responsibility). Each password islinked to various permissions so that access toscreens and authority is matched to each individ-ual’s skill set. For instance, some operators mayonly have view capability, while others areallowed to open and close circuit breakers, whilestill others have the additional ability to changeprotection set points. This allows everyone to haveaccess to the information necessary for their ownjobs. After an operator performs what is needed,they can log out by touching a button. Otherwise,the HMI automatically logs out a user based on thetime selected by the site’s system administrator(30 or 60 minutes after the last action).

The One-Line diagram is a common starting pointto view system dynamics, as illustrated in Figure13.3. This is the default HMI screen, meaning aftera user has logged out, the HMI reverts to this screenand the HMI is in “guest” mode. The Guest modeallows anyone to view the one-line and many ofthe other screens to gain information but does notallow any control of circuit breakers or changes toparameters. As seen in the Figure, this screen dis-plays the system’s one-line diagram, with the cur-rent for each circuit breaker, the voltage for eachbus, and the circuit breaker names and status(open, closed, tripped). These values are dynamicand are refreshed according to the update timebetween the CPU and HMI, which is typically 2-4seconds. The status (open, closed, trip) is also indicated by color changes to the circuit breakerelement symbol.

66

Section 13. User Interface – HMI

Touching any of the circuit breaker symbols onthe one-line displays that circuit breaker ’s statusscreen, as illustrated in Figure 13.4.

This display provides the status of the circuitbreaker, including the contact position, rackingposition, secondary disconnect position, electricallockout status, closing spring status, and a summaryof the types of protection that are enabled for thiscircuit. Current and voltage measurements aredisplayed and additional metering information isavailable by touching the appropriate buttons forthe optional metering parameters. It is also possibleto scroll through the circuit breaker status screensby pressing the “Next Breaker” or “PreviousBreaker” keys.

From the circuit breaker status screen you canalso access the protection settings and predictivemaintenance data for this circuit. You will see laterhow the protection settings and maintenancedata can also be accessed via the main menu,providing more than one path to the information.

Touch the Control key to display a circuit breakercontrol window, as illustrated in Figure 13.5. Thiswindow shows the name of the breaker with its cur-rent state (open, tripped or closed). If you want toconfirm that you are referencing the correct circuit,

you can turn on the locator LED for 10 or 30 seconds.This causes the blue Locator LED on the corre-sponding circuit’s Messenger to blink, providingvisual identification of the circuit breaker you arereferencing.

You can operate the breaker by touching theappropriate button. Note that in Figure 13.5, Breaker2 is “Open - Not Tripped” and the options availableare to close or trip the breaker. Touching the CLOSEbutton displays another window asking for confir-mation. After you confirm that this is what you want,the circuit breaker contacts are closed. Touchingthe TRIP button and again confirming this action onthe corresponding pop-up window actuates theflux shifter and any lockouts associated with a trip.

In Figure 13.6, circuit breaker Main 2 is closed.Touching the OPEN button opens the circuit breakervia the shunt trip. Touching the TRIP button actuatesthe flux shifter and any lockout commands. In allcases, touching an Open, Trip or Close button dis-plays a second window asking for confirmation ofthe action.

A check box is available in all of the breaker controlscreens to block other HMIs. Checking this boxprevents any other HMIs, either near-gear orremote, from operating this circuit breaker.

Figure 13.3 Sample One-Line Diagram

Figure 13.4 Circuit Breaker Status Display

67


Figure 13.5 Breaker Control Window for Circuit Breaker Tie 1

Figure 13.7 Typical Display Header

Figure 13.6 Breaker Control Window for Circuit Breaker Main 2

As illustrated, an operator can use the circuitbreaker status screen to easily navigate to metering,breaker status and protection information and alsoto operate the circuit breaker (with the appropriatelogin password). This intuitive interface is an efficientway to communicate with all the circuit breakers.The large screen displays the information clearlyand concisely. The login security levels provideoperators with access to the information and controlactions that are appropriate to their job functions.

Note that the header at the top of each screen,shown in Figure 13.7, contains the title of the currentscreen (here it is Breaker Status), with buttons toother commonly accessed screens. These functionas short cuts to help you navigate to the commonlyused screens. We refer to this top section as thecontrol panel. The first keys on the top bar are thearrow keys. These take you back to the previousscreen or forward to the next screen. The Main Menubutton provides a drop-down list of all of thescreens the operator has permission to access(based on the log-in password). The “?” button dis-plays the on-line HELP for access to navigationalinformation. The clipboard with question marksends you to a screen that displays the HMI soft-ware version. The “X” button closes the application,if your login ID gives you that authority.

The second row of buttons provides additionalshortcuts to commonly accessed screens or aquick status indication. • The One-Line button always takes you back to

the dynamic one-line diagram of the lineup.• The Elevation button displays the Elevation screen,

as illustrated in Figure 13.8. This is a representationof the equipment in your Entellisys system.Touching any circuit breaker escutcheon displaysthat circuit breaker’s status screen, as discussedearlier. You can access a circuit breaker statusscreen from the One-Line or Elevation screen bytouching the desired circuit breaker element.

• The Control Status button displays the controlpanel, which commonly has the dynamic controlcommands and status for an automaticthrowover scheme.

• The Events button displays the Sequence ofEvents log. A brief description is below.

• System Health button takes you to a screen thatprovides a snapshot of the CPUs and Messengershealth status. This button will also turn a color ifany of the devices require attention, providingexcellent visual indication.

• The Alarm Status button gives visual color indica-tion when an alarm is in pickup or has occurredand an easy way to access that information bytouching the button. It takes you to the AlarmStatus screen which shows the status of all ofthe alarms.

68

System health, alarm status, and events are dis-cussed in detail in Section 9. The Reduced Let-Through button indicates if this mode is enabledby changing color. A detailed discussion of thismode is included in Section 4.

The Events button opens the Sequence of Eventslog, as shown in Figure 13.9. The Entellisys systemcan capture many different types of events, pro-viding a valuable trouble-shooting tool. A completediscussion of the Sequence of Events log is containedin Section 9. The on-site system administrator canfilter the events to suit the needs of your site. Thisfilter is accessed by pressing the Preferences buttonon the Events screen. The Events log providesdetailed information regarding the lineup dynamics.The times at which circuit breakers go in and outof pickup, system electronics health, and manualoccurrences, such as when people log into thesystem, can be logged. It should be noted that theEvents log can capture open and close commandsissued through either the HMI or remote software.The Events log also captures when a breaker iscommanded to trip by the button located on thecircuit breaker escutcheon. Consequently, the Eventslog provides the ability to track what actually initiateda breaker opening.

Each screen shows the events for a particular day,with scrolling provided by the arrow buttons on the

right side of the screen. You can scroll to differentdays using the arrow buttons at the bottom of thescreen. You can sort events by touching the columntitle (date and time, source, etc.), making it easy togroup or find particular events. The far-right column,titled Fault, indicates whether fault data and/orwaveform data are available for the particular event.

Fault data and waveforms are accessed by touch-ing the particular event to highlight it and thenpressing the View Fault Data or Waveform buttonsat the top of the log. A complete discussion ofwaveform capture capabilities plus examples areprovided in Section 9.

From any screen you can press the Main Menubutton to select any of the above mentionedscreens as well as those that do not have a ‘short-cut’ button. For example, from the Main Menu dropdown you can select User Settings. Again, onlyoperators with permission to access User Settingswill see this button on the Main Menu. Figure 13.10shows the User Settings screen, which displaysthe various settings that are available.

For instance, the Overcurrent Protection buttondisplays the screen shown in Figure 13.11. Thisprovides a summary of the overcurrent protectionenabled for the circuit selected in the top-left corner.There are individual screens for short-time, long-


Figure 13.8 Elevation Display

Figure 13.9Sequence of Events Log

69


Figure 13.10User Settings Display

Figure 13.11Long-time Overcurrent Protection Setting Display

time, and instantaneous settings. Figure 13.11 is anexample of the screen for setting long-time protection.

Similar displays for the single-point relays (under-and overvoltage, under- and overfrequency,power reversal, and high-current alarm) areaccessed by touching the Relay Protection button.

The Advanced Protection button displays thescreens to set bus-differential, dynamic ZSI andmultisource ground-fault protection.

On the User Settings screen, pressing the Controlbutton provides access to circuit breaker open,close and trip commands; Flex Logic settings; controlalarms; and Sync Check settings and status. TheDiscrete I/O button displays details of all the inputsand outputs. The Preventative Maintenance buttonprovides information on each circuit breaker’selectrical and mechanical life. Details and screensare found in Section 12.

The HMI Preferences command provides the pathto alter the auto log-out time of the HMI. You canalso set up near-gear and remote HMIs from theprimary HMI.

Also found on the Main Menu drop down list is UserAdministration, from which your site’s Entellisyssystem administrator assigns passwords and

permissions and performs other administrativeitems, such as changing circuit breaker names.

The Job Documentation button on the Main Menulist allows you to access the system user’s manualas well as store job specific information, such asfinal drawings and summaries.

Also note that at the bottom of every screen is thestatus bar. This provides the name of the user thatis logged-in, status of HMI communication, the statusof both CPU communication and the system’s dateand time.

While descriptions and screen captures can provideyou with a basic understanding of navigation in theEntellisys system, a virtual tour of the system givesyou a real sense of the power and ease of use ofthe Entellisys system. Your local sales representativecan provide you with additional information andarrange for a demonstration. You will see how easyit is to navigate and easily determine the statusand dynamics of your low voltage switchgear, allat the touch of a button.

70

Notes

71

Entellisys Low-Voltage SwitchgearSection 14. Remote Communication

The Entellisys system provides various ways forusers to interact from remote locations, be it a fewhundred feet away or across an ocean. It is vitalthat information be easily accessible so that userscan be aware of alarm conditions, check on thesystem when traveling, or troubleshoot in the middle of the night when the phone rings. Ofcourse, other information systems in the facilitymay need data from the switchgear, making itnecessary to pass data from Entellisys to distributedcontrol systems, power management systems, orbuilding automation system. All of these options areavailable with Entellisys low-voltage switchgear.

The interface from the Entellisys system to theexternal world is a communication link at the systemEthernet switch (see Figure 14.1). This allows communication with the outside world withoutcompromising the integrity of the network communication bus that is facilitating the protectionand control for the system. CPU-to-Messengercommunication is accomplished in a closed networkto provide security and proper functioning of thenetwork. The HMI(s) and remote connections communicate with the CPUs via the system interface Ethernet switch, keeping the outside worldisolated from the protection network.

A Virtual Private Network (VPN) firewall device provides business-class network security providingdenial-of-service protection and intrusion detectionusing Stateful Packet Inspection, URL access andcontent filtering, logging, reporting and real-timealerts. It is strongly recommended that anytime anEntellisys system is connected to the intranet, aVPN firewall be installed to protect the Entellisyssystem from network threats.

There are four types of remote communicationoptions with Entellisys:• Multiple HMIs, which consists of a primary HMI

on the gear or near it and other HMI(s) located inor near the gear. Near-gear HMIs must be locatedwithin 300 cable feet of the primary HMI.

• Software available from GE that is loaded on adesktop or laptop computer for viewing theEntellisys system. This package is called EntellisysRemote View-Only Software.

• Software available from GE that is loaded on adesktop or laptop computer for viewing andcontrolling the Entellisys System. This optionallows you the same permissions to change settings, close breakers, etc., as if you were at alocal HMI. This package is called EntellisysRemote Interactive Software.

• When an interface to another system is required,Entellisys supports the open protocol of ModiconModbus RTU, and is available over Ethernet viaModbus/TCP. This allows development of interfacesoftware with the Entellisys system and yourexternal information systems. Unlike traditionalswitchgear, where interfaces to multiple devicesare necessary, Entellisys streamlines the connectionto other systems with one register map interfaceproviding all of the information for the entire lineup.

The CPUs support a maximum of eight concurrentsessions, so they can communicate with eight dif-ferent users/devices/system. Four of these sessionsare reserved for HMI computers. The remaining foursessions are available on a first-come, first-servedbasis for remote devices, such as Entellisys remoteaccess software or DCS or SCADA type interfaces.If a remote device does not make a request within30 seconds, the session times out and is availableto the next device that initiates a session.

Figure 14.1 Entellisys External Interface

72

Multiple HMIsEach Entellisys system has an HMI that is designatedas the primary HMI. This is the HMI connected tothe Entellisys UPS control power system. All HMIsare capable of downloading new files, such asupdated functionality or revised configurations.Each HMI also has the ability to publish HMI files tothe other HMIs, provided the user has administratorauthority to do so.

When operators log into an HMI, they can executeany actions that are permitted according to theiruser profiles. The user administrator sets up eachuser individually and identifies what actions theyare designated to execute. This allows many oper-ators to have access to the system based on theindividual’s skill level.

“Near Gear” HMIsHMIs may be placed in a stand-alone stack or awall-mounted box up to 300 cable feet from thesystem interface Ethernet switch. This gives anoperator access to metering, monitoring, anddiagnostic information as well as any other functions permitted by their password level. This isalso an excellent method to keep operators at adistance from the actual gear.

Remote View-Only SoftwareSoftware is available that can be loaded on a laptopor desktop computer that provides the same screensas the HMI. The computer is connected to the LANor WAN and communicates with the Entellisyssystem. The View-Only software permits users toview the information and does not allow a personto change settings or control breakers, regardlessof their password level.

Remote User Interactive SoftwareEntellisys User Interactive software also can beloaded on a laptop or desktop and provides thesame images as if you were using a touchscreenHMI, only this is connected via LAN or WAN. Eachuser can perform almost any of the functions their password level allows from a remote location. Aremote user can view the RELT status on the one-line, elevation and RELT screen, and can see thevirtual keys on the breaker. However, a user mustbe at the Master HMI to turn RELT on and off.

The remote software packages can communicatewith up to 25 Entellisys systems, making it anexcellent tool for a facility’s low voltageswitchgear communication needs. The remotesoftware runs on the Windows XP operating sys-tem and looks identical to the local HMI, making iteasy to use.

Modbus / TCP InterfaceThe Entellisys system supports Modbus/TCP, and theCPU always acts as a slave device, listening andresponding to the requests issued by the externalmaster computer. A subset of the Remote TerminalUnit (RTU) protocol format is supported that allowsextensive monitoring, programming, and controlfunctions using read and write register commands.

SynchronizationThe CPUs and HMIs maintain synchronization witheach other on the internal communication bus.When it is desirable to synchronize multipleEntellisys systems, Simple Network Time Protocol(SNTP) can be used. A CPU can act as an SNTPserver to synchronize other CPUs, or all CPUs canuse any Ethernet IP timeserver. Time synchroniza-tion is possible using the Ethernet connection.Data indicates that using SNTP makes it possibleto synchronize multiple substations within 1ms.

Section 14. Remote Communication

73

Entellisys Low-Voltage SwitchgearSection 15. Design Considerations

When designing low-voltage switchgear there area number of factors to take into account.

Repetitive DutyCircuit breakers are designed primarily to performthe function of circuit interruption under short-circuitconditions. Nevertheless, modern circuit breakers’mechanisms are capable of many operations underfull-load operation and in-rush conditions such asthose encountered in motor starting applications.Industry standards have been established for theminimum performance, as indicated in Table 15.1.With adequate maintenance, GE breakers can beexpected to exceed the standards. EntelliGuardbreakers have been designed and tested to allowthe user to extend the normal maintenance serviceinterval up to two times the ANSI recommendation —a significant benefit for continuous process and24/7 operations.

Power-operated circuit breakers, when operatingunder usual service conditions, shall be capable ofoperating the number of times specified, and theoperating conditions and the permissible effect ofsuch operations upon the breaker are listed inTable 15.1 and the footnotes. For instance, thebreaker should be operated with rated control voltageapplied. The frequency of operation should notexceed 20 in 10 minutes or 30 in an hour (rectifiersor other auxiliary devices may further limit the frequency of operation). Servicing consisting ofadjusting, cleaning, lubricating, tightening, etc., as

recommended by the maintenance manual, is tobe done at no greater interval than shown in thecolumn titled “Number of operations betweenservicing” in Table 15.1. No functional parts shouldrequire replacement during the listed operations.The circuit breaker should be in condition to carryits rated continuous current at rated maximumvoltage and perform at least one opening operationat rated short-circuit current. After completion ofthis series of operations, functional part replacementand general servicing may be necessary.

This standard applies to all parts of a circuit breakerthat function during normal operation. It does notapply to other parts that function only duringinfrequent abnormal circuit conditions.

Standards and TestingEntelliGuard low-voltage power circuit breakersare designed and tested to meet ANSI StandardsC37.13, C37.16, C37.17 and C37.50. The breakers arelisted to UL 1066 and labeled to certify compliancewith the above referenced standards.

Power factors lower than test values affect the circuitbreaker’s short-circuit current rating. The test circuitX/R ratio and power factor required by ANSI C37.13is 6.6 and 15% for unfused breakers and 4.9 and20% for fused breakers. The derating factor forsystems with power factors lower than test valuesis shown in Table 15.2.

Table 15.1 Repetitive Duty and Normal Maintenance (from ANSI C37.16 Table 5)

1 Servicing consists of adjusting, cleaning, lubricating, tightening, etc., as recommended by themanufacturer. When current is interrupted, dressing of contacts may be required as well. Theoperations listed are on the basis of servicing at intervals of six months or less.

2 With closing and opening currents up to the continuous current rating of the circuit breakerat voltages up to the rated maximum voltage (85% or higher power factor).

3 The number of operations was determined with closing currents up to 600% and openingcurrents up to 100% (80% power factor or higher) of the continuous current rating of thecircuit breaker at voltages up to the rated maximum voltage. With closing and opening currents up to 600% (50% power factor or less) of the continuous current rating of the circuit breaker at voltages up to rated maximum voltage, the number of operations shownshould be reduced to 10% of the number listed in the column.

4 If a fault operation occurs before the completion of the listed number of operations, servicingis recommended and possible functional part replacement may be necessary depending on previous accumulated duty, fault magnitude, and expected future operations.

Circuit breakerframe size(amperes)

Number ofoperationsbetween servicing

Number of operations rated

continuous currentswitching1,2,4

Number ofoperations

no-load closingand opening1

Number ofoperations

in-rush currentswitching3,4

800 1750 2800 9700 14001600 500 800 3200 4002000 500 800 3200 4003200 250 400 1100 —4000 250 400 1100 —5000 250 400 1100 —

Table 15.2 Derating Factor for Systems with Power Factors Lower than Test Values

System short-circuit powerfactor (%)

System X/Rratio

Derating factors for breakershort-circuit current rating

Unfused Fused20 4.90 1.000 1.00015 6.60 1.000 0.93812 8.27 0.966 0.90210 9.95 0.938 0.8758.5 11.72 0.920 0.8477 14.25 0.902 0.8265 20.00 0.875 0.794

74

Temperature Derating FactorsThe continuous current rating of EntelliGuardbreakers is based on their use in an enclosure at40°C ambient temperature and 105°C maximumbreaker temperature for Class A insulation. AllEntellisys components are designed to operate ata maximum temperature of 55ºC. This accountsfor a 15ºC rise in temperature between the exteriorambient temperature of the switchgear electricalroom and the inside of the cubicles housing theEntellisys system components.

Altitude Correction FactorsWhen applying low-voltage power circuit breakersat altitudes greater than 6,600 feet, their continuouscurrent rating must be modified because a highertemperature use will be experienced for a givencurrent rating. The voltage ratings must also bemodified because of the lower dielectric strengthof the air. These are shown in Table 15.3. Theshort-time and short-circuit current ratings arenot affected by altitude. However, the short-circuitcurrent ratings shall not exceed that of the voltageclass before derating.

HumidityFerrous parts are zinc-plated for corrosion protectionexcept for some parts made from alloy steels thatare inherently corrosion resistant. Current-carryingparts are silver- or tin-plated for corrosion protectionand to assure electrical continuity. Heaters may beadded to indoor sections operating in high humidityenvironments. Heaters are mounted in the bus/cable compartment in the rear of each section.

Seismic CertificationEntellisys switchgear with EntelliGuard circuitbreakers has been shake-table tested in accor-dance with ICC-ES-AC156 to the requirements ofIBC-2003. IBC is the International Building Code,first released in 2000 by the International CodeCouncil (ICC). IBC incorporates and replaces theNBC, SBC and UBC.

Entellisys has been tested to the following ratings:Sds = 2.0g, Ss = 300%, Ip = 1.5, for z/h > 0Sds = 2.0g, Ss = 300%, Ip = 1.5, for z/h = 0, where

Ss – is the maximum considered earthquakeresponse in a certain region.

Sds – is a measure of ground acceleration for givensite and location conditions, and is depend-ent on Ss (this is similar to specifying a UBCseismic zone)

Ip – is the importance factor, measuring the criticali-ty of the equipment to life safety. Equipmentwith an Ip of 1.5 must be functional after aseismic event, whereas equipment with an Ipof 1.0 is not required to be functional.

z/h – specifies the location of the switchgear, z, inrelation to the height of the structure, h. z/h =0 indicates the switchgear is installed atground level. z/h > 0 indicates the switchgearmay be installed anywhere in the building.

Entellisys has been certified for use in all IBC-2003Seismic Use Groups, Occupancy ImportanceFactors, and Seismic Design Categories. In addition,Entellisys has been qualified to IEEE-693-1997 forModerate and High Seismic loading conditions.

Paint FinishEntellisys switchgear is protected by the “E-coat”paint system consisting of a “cathodic electrode-position” process employing the same principleused in electroplating: an electrically chargedobject immersed in a bath of oppositely chargedparticles will attract, and become coated with,those particles. In the process, switchgear partsare conveyed through a seven-stage washingprocess, where they are thoroughly cleaned, surfaceprepared, sealed and rinsed. Next, the parts areimmersed in an electrocoating tank, where theyreceive an epoxy coating 0.7 to 0.8 mil thick onevery surface. After a rinse, the parts enter a curingoven, where the coating is baked, fusing it to themetal and ensuring a hard, uniform finish. The

Section 15. Design Considerations

Table 15.3 Altitude Correction Factors (as Listed in ANSI C37.13)

Altitude Rating correction factorMeters Feet Continuous current Voltage2000 6600 (and below) 1.00 1.002600 8500 0.99 0.953900 13000 0.96 0.80

75

Section 15. Design Considerations

resulting ANSI-61 light gray paint finish far exceedsthe requirements of UL 1558 and ANSI C37.20.1,which requires, at a minimum, passing a 200-hoursalt spray test. Periodic testing by an independentlaboratory subjects the “E-coat” to a minimum of500 hours of a salt spray, 2,000 hours in a humiditycabinet, plus acid and alkaline resistance tests, spotand stain tests, marring tests and impact and flexibilitytests. These tests prove that Entellisys switchgearcan handle different severe operating environments.

Equipment OptionsAdditional items to consider when designing low-voltage switchgear are discussed below.

Control circuit isolationIn Entellisys equipment, control wires are runbetween compartments in steel riser channels.Customer terminal blocks are located in metalenclosed wire troughs in the rear cable area or atthe barrier-mounted Discrete I/O relays. Intercubiclewiring is run in a wireway on top of the switchgearwhere interconnection terminal blocks are located.

All Entellisys communication wiring is run as“home runs” (no splices) between communicatingdevices. This includes the communication cablesbetween the Messengers, network switches, andCPUs and between the CPUs, network switchesand HMI. Communication wiring crossing shippingsplits is disconnected at the network switches andpulled back to the shipping split . During installa-tion, the communication wiring is uncoiled at theshipping split and pulled back to the section(s)with the network switches. The color-coded Cat5cables are then plugged back in to the ports onthe network switches.

Cable SpaceEntellisys low-voltage switchgear conduitentrance area meets NEC requirements. Extendeddepth frame options are available in 7" and 14"sizes for applications requiring additional cable

space. Section width can also be increased (from22" to 30" or 30" to 38") for additional cable space.

Cable TerminationsCables used for low-voltage power circuit breakerterminations in Entellisys low-voltage switchgearmust have minimum 90°C insulation while thecables’ ampacity will be based on a 75°C rating.This meets the requirements of ANSI C37.20.1,UL1558 and the National Electrical Code. Refer toTable 15.4 for typical cable ampacities (deratingfactors that may apply are not shown).

Breaker Lifting DeviceInstalled on top of the switchgear, this rail-mountedhoist provides the means for installing and removingbreakers from the equipment and is an optionalfeature. A floor-standing, portable hydraulic liftingdevice is also optionally available for installing andremoving circuit breakers from the equipment.

Lifting ToolThe lifting tool is the interface between the breakerand the overhead breaker lifting device or any otherportable lifting means that may be used for installingand removing the EntelliGuard drawout breakers.It attaches to the breaker to provide stability whenlifting the breaker from its drawout rails. Pickuppoints on the breaker and lifting tool are designedfor center-of-gravity lifting so that the breaker isnot subject to excess movement when removedfrom the cubicle.

The lifting tool for 800-2000A frame breakers features3-point lifting for easier installation of fused andunfused breakers. Separate lifting tools are usedfor 3200-4000A breakers and for 5000A breakersand fuse roll-outs.

Section 16 discusses circuit breaker and Entellisysdevice placement and provides guidelines for theswitchgear layout.

Table 15.4 Example (from NEC Table 310.16)

Cable Size 90°C rating (ref.) 75°C rating (of 90°C cable)500kcmil 430 Amps 380 Amps

600kcmil 475 Amps 420 Amps

76

Notes

77

Entellisys Low-Voltage SwitchgearSection 16. Layout and Sizing

Entellisys indoor low voltage switchgear height is92” (97” over the top wiring trough and 103.5” overthe optional breaker hoist). The available breakerstacking space is 84”.

Breaker frame size and type determine the widthof the breaker sections and also the minimumdepth of the switchgear line-up. Refer to Tables16.1 and 16.2 for properly sizing Entellisys line-ups.The depth of the entire line-up is determined bythe deepest device in the line-up. For example, aline-up with an EGF-20 breaker with a fuse roll-out(depth – 60”) and EGF-08 breakers (depth – 67”)would be a minimum of 67” deep – the EGF-08being the deepest device. Also refer to the sectionarrangements on the following pages for availablebreaker stacking configurations.

Switchgear Layout Considerations1. Sections on the following pages can be bussed

together if there are matching bus levels in the adjacent sections. Refer to the sampleENTELLISYS line-up.

2. Any breaker compartment shown on the sectiondrawings can be made blank to provide additionalspace for mounting Entellisys devices. SeeTables 16.5 and 16.6 for device and cubicle data.

3. The ampere ratings shown beside each breakersymbol indicate the range of frame sizes thatare allowed in the particular section arrangement.This takes into consideration the temperaturerise in the section due to breaker loading. Refer to ANSI C37.20.1-2002 para 8.4.2.3 forcumulative circuit breaker loading guidelines.

4. Devices cannot be mounted on breaker cubicledoors.

5. 3200A, 4000A, and 5000A fuse roll-outs are thesame size as their respective breakers, thereforeany compartment shown with a 3200, 4000, or5000 amp breaker will also accommodate afuse roll-out and vice versa.

6. Front busway connections to a circuit breakerrequire a blank compartment above the breakerfor busway above or a blank compartmentbelow the breaker for busway below.

Table 16.1 Indoor Enclosure Depth Options

Available Depth Options

Front compartment 30”

30” (std) 37” (7” ext) 44” (14” ext)

37”

30” (std) 37” (7” ext) 44” (14” ext)

Rear compartment (Std depth or 7” or14” rear extension

Total depth 60” 67” 74” 67” 74” 81”

Table 16.2Entellisys Switchgear Section Sizing

1 Breaker and fuse roll-out must be mounted in separate vertical sections.2 81” depth available only when these devices are used in a line-up with items identified with **.3 Section width can be increased for additional cable / conduit space. 22” sections can be increased to 30” wide, 30” wide sections can be increased to 38” wide.

BreakerType

Device Combination or Bus Rating

Frame Size(Amperes)

Breaker Cubicle Vertical Height (Inches)

Minimum SectionWidth3 (Inches)

Minimum Equipment Depth[Front/Rear Compt] (Inches)

Optional EquipmentDepth (Inches)

EGS-08

800

21 22

60 [30 /30] 67/74EGH-08EGX-08EGF-08 67 [37 /30] 74/81**EGS-16

160060 [30 /30] 67/74

EGH-16 60 [30 /30] 67/74EGF-16 67 [37 /30] 74/81**EGS-20 2000 60 [30 /30] 67/74

EGF-20 with fuse roll-out 56

30

60 [30 /30] 67/74/812

EGS-32

3200 3560 [30 /30] 67/74/812

EGH-32 60 [30 /30] 67/74/812

EGX-32 60 [30 /30] 67/74/812

EGF-32 with fuse roll-out 84 38 67 [37 /30] 74/81**EGS-40

400035 30 60 [30 /30] 67/74/812

EGX-40 35 30 60 [30 /30] 67/74/812

EGF-40 with fuse roll-out 84 38 67 [37 /30] 74/81**EGS-50

5000 35 3874 [37 /37] 81**

EGX-50 74 [37 /37] 81**EGF-50 with fuse roll-out1 74 [37 /37] 81**

1600-4000A main bus rating — — — 60 [30 /30] 67/74/812

5000A main bus rating — — — 67 [30 /37] 74/812

78

7. Use of fused breakers does not necessarilyrequire 200kA bus bracing. Bus bracing shouldbe based on the available short circuit currenton the switchgear bus.

8. 200kA bus bracing can limit feeder breakerplacement. 200kA bus bracing does not allowadjacent 22 inch wide sections.

9. Factory review of layout is required for busbracing greater than 100kA

10. Some cable entrance designs are not suitablefor service entrance. Consult the factory ifservice entrance is required for the incomingcable section.

11. Additional cable and conduit space is availableby making breaker sections wider (22 inch wide

to 30 inch wide or 30 inch wide to 38 inch wide)or by making the line-up deeper (7 or 14 inches).Refer to Table 16.2 for switchgear depth options.

Special Considerations for 5000 Amp Equipment1. Minimum depth of a 5000A breaker section is

74 inches.2. Upper and lower bus levels are available at

5000 amps. The center bus level is not availableat 5000 amps.

3. 5000 amp bus is available as a bare bus designor with bus compartment barriers.

4. Sections adjacent to a 5000 amp transformertransition section must be 30 inches wide, minimum.

Section 16. Layout and Sizing

Table 16.3Switchgear WeightsProcedure:A) Add the weight of every vertical section in the lineupB) Add the weight of each breaker and fuse roll-out in the lineup

1 Also includes number of fuse roll-outs in the vertical section.

Section Width

Number of Breaker Compartments1 in Vertical Section

Vertical Section Weights, Lb. (Kg)

22”

1 940 (426)2 1100 (499)3 1270 (576)4 1440 (653)

30”1 1300 (590)2 1400 (635)

38”1 1660 (753)2 1900 (862)

22” or 30” Auxiliary section 1170 (531)

Table 16.4EntelliGuard Breaker and Fuse Roll-out Weights, Lbs. (Kg)

Device Manual ElectricalEGS / EGH-08 188 (86) 193 (88)

EGX-08 198 (90) 203 (92)EGF-08 233 (106) 238 (108)

EGS / EGH-16 198 (90) 203 (92)EGF-16 243 (111) 248 (113)EGS-20 203 (92) 208 (95)

EGS / EGH / EGX-32 455 (207) 470 (214)EGS / EGX-40 560 (255) 575 (261)EGS / EGX-50 600 (273) 615 (280)

2000/3200A fuse roll-out (EG32FRE) 330 (150) 3 fuses – add 75 (34)4000A fuse roll-out (EG40FRE) 335 (152) 3 fuses – add 90 (41)5000A fuse roll-out (EG50FRE) 345 (156) 3 fuses – add 90 (41)

79


Entellisys Sample Layout

22"

800-1600A

800-2000A

800-2000A

800-2000A

F22-122"

800-1600A

800-2000A

800-2000A

800-2000A

F22-122" 22"

14"

35"

21"

3200-4000A

800-1600A

800-2000A

800-2000A

800-2000A

800-1600A

800-2000A

800-2000A

800-2000A

UPS'S

CONTROL POWER TRANSFER

MT30-730"

MT30-1930"

35"

MT30-6 F22-130"

F22-1

B/W

MAINTIE

3200-4000A

HMI

TIE

MAINTIE

3200-4000A

42"

CPU'SNETWORK SWITCHES

DIGITAL I/OBUSWAY ABOVE=FRONT POSITION

BUSWAY ABOVE=FRONT POSITION

B/W

92”

Upper Bus

Lower Bus

**Mid (Center) Bus

80


Entellisys 22” Sections (Main, Tie)

CABLE CONNECTION (OTHER THAN FEEDER BREAKER)

INCOMING

OUTGOING FEEDER CABLE CONNECTION

B/WBUSWAY CONNECTION

** MID (CENTER) BUS LEVEL IS NOT AVAILABLE AT 5000A (USE ONLY UPPER OR LOWER BUS LEVELS)

MT22-4

CABLE CONNMAIN OR TIE

MAINTIE

21"

21"

21"

21"

21"

21"

21"

21"

800-2000A

800-2000A

800-2000A

800-2000A

800-2000A

800-2000A

800-2000A


MT22-222"22"

MT22-1

BUS CONNMAIN OR TIE

21"

MT22-322"

CABLE CONNMAIN

800-2000A

800-2000A

MAINTIE

MAINTIE

MAIN

TIE

21"

21"

21"

800-2000A

21"

21"

21"

21"

21"

21"

21"

21"

30" WIDE WITH4-WIRE BUSWAY

BUSWAY CONNMAIN AND TIE

21"

22" 22"MT22-5


22"MT22-6

800-2000A

800-2000A

21"

800-2000A

MAINTIE

42"

800-1600A

MAIN

TIE

BUSWAYSABOVE=FRONT POS'NBELOW=REAR POS'N

BUSWAYSBELOW=FRONT POS'NABOVE=REAR POS'N

800-2000A

800-2000AB/W

B/W

MT22-7

BUSWAY CONNMAIN OR TIE

B/W


800-2000A

800-2000A

800-2000A

22"

MAINTIE

21"

21"

21"

21"

21"

21"

21"

21"

21"

21"

21"

21"

800-2000A

800-2000A

21"

21"

21"

21"

800-2000A

MT22-9

BUS CONNTIE

22"MT22-8

BUS CONNTIE

22" 22"MT22-10

CABLE CONNTIE

800-1600A

800-2000A

TIE

800-2000A

TIE

800-1600A

800-2000A

800-2000A

800-2000A

TIE

800-1600A

92”

Upper Bus

Lower Bus

**Mid (Center) Bus

81


Entellisys 22” Sections (Main, Tie, Feeder)


INCOMING




21"

21"

21"

21"

21"

21"

21"

21"

21"

21"

21"

21"

22"

800-1600A

800-2000A

800-2000A

800-2000A

21"

21"

21"

21"

BUS CONN TIEW/ CABLE TAP

MT22-14

BUS CONNTIE

800-2000A

MT22-12

800-2000A

22"22"

CABLE CONNTIE

MT22-11

800-2000A

TIETIE 800-2000A

22"

BUS CONN TIEW/ SPLIT RISER

MT22-13

800-2000A

800-2000A

22" 22"

CABLE CONNTIE

MT22-15

800-2000A

42"

800-2000A

BUS CONNFEEDER

F22-1

800-2000A

800-1600A

800-2000A

800-1600A

800-2000A

TIE TIE

800-1600A

21"

800-1600A

800-2000A

800-2000A

TIE

21"

BYPASS FEEDERW/ CABLE TAP

800-1600A

F22-2

800-2000A

800-2000A

800-2000A

22"

21"

21"

21"

21"

21"

21"

21"

21"

22"

800-1600A

800-2000A

800-2000A

800-2000A

22"

800-1600A

800-2000A

800-2000A

800-2000A

BUS CONN FDRW/ SPLIT RISER

F22-422"

BYPASS FEEDERW/ BUS CONN

F22-3

800-2000A

800-2000A

F22-5

BUS CONN FDRW/ SPLIT RISER

800-1600A

800-2000A

92”

Upper Bus

Lower Bus

**Mid (Center) Bus

82


Entellisys 22” Sections (Feeder, Transformer Transition)


INCOMING




BUS CONN FDRW/ CABLE TAP


F22-9


800-1600A

F22-722"

42"

22"F22-6

21"

21"

21"


42"

22"

800-2000A

21"

F22-8

21"

21"

800-2000A

42"

800-1600A

21"

21"

21"

21"


22"

800-2000A

22"

800-2000A

F22-10

800-2000A

800-2000A

800-2000A

800-1600A

BUSWAY CONNFEEDER


F22-12

800-2000A

800-2000A


30" WIDE FOR4-WIRE BUSWAYS


22"22"

42"

F22-11

21"

21"

800-1600A

B/W

B/W

800-1600A

TRANSFORMERTRANSITION

TT22-1

21"

21"

21"

21"

21"

21"

21"

21"

BUSWAY CONNFEEDER

22"

800-2000A

F22-13

800-2000A

800-2000A

B/W

22"

42"

42"


92”

Upper Bus

Lower Bus

**Mid (Center) Bus

83


Entellisys 22”/30” (Auxiliary) and 30” Sections (Main, Tie)


INCOMING




42"

42"

42"

42"

AUXILIARY WITHCABLE TAP

22 / 30"AX2230-2

AUXILIARY WITHBUSWAY

AX2230-122 / 30"

AUXILIARY WITHBUSWAY

22 / 30"AX2230-3

CABLE TAP-OFFTO MAIN BUS

LEADS ABOVE OR BELOWINCOMING OR OUTGOING

BUSWAYSABOVE OR BELOWREAR POSITION

42"

30" WIDE FOR 4-WIRE BUSWAY


B/W

42"

B/W

B/W

B/W


14"

35"

35"

14"

35"

21"

14"

35"

21"

BUS CONNECTEDMAIN OR TIE


30"MT30-1

30"MT30-2


30"MT30-3

800-2000A

800-1600A

MAINTIE

3200-4000A

MAINTIE

3200-4000A

MAINTIE

3200-4000A

14"

35"

35"



30"MT30-4

30"MT30-5

21"

35"

MAINTIE

3200-4000A

MAINTIE

3200-4000A

BUSWAYABOVE=FRONT POSITION

B/W

28"

92”

Upper Bus

Lower Bus

**Mid (Center) Bus

22”/30” Sections

30” Sections

84




INCOMING




14"

35"

21"

14"

35"

21"

14"

35"

35"


30"MT30-6

800-2000A



30"MT30-7

30"MT30-8


30"MT30-9

800-1600A

21"

35"


B/W

MAINTIE

3200-4000A


B/W

MAINTIE

3200-4000A

MAINTIE

3200-4000A

MAINTIE

3200-4000A


B/W

28"

CABLE CONNECTEDMAIN OR TIE





30"MT30-13

14"

35"

21"

14"

35"

21"

800-2000A

800-1600A

30"MT30-10

30"MT30-11

30"MT30-12

21"

35"

MAINTIE

3200-4000A

MAINTIE

3200-4000A

MAINTIE

3200-4000A

MAINTIE

28" 28"

35"

800-2000A 35"

MT30-14

21"

30"

MAINTIE

3200-4000A

3200A

42"

92”

Lower Bus

**Mid (Center) Bus

85




INCOMING






BUS CONNECTEDTIE

BUS CONNECTEDTIE

BUS CONNECTEDTIE

35"

42"

800-1600A

30"

800-1600A

21"

MT30-17

35"

3200ATIE

TIE 3200A

35"

30" 30"MT30-18 MT30-19

21"

TIE 3200-4000A

800-1600A

21"

800-1600A

21"

35"

30"MT30-15

30"MT30-16

35"

MAINTIE

3200-4000A

42"

35"

MAINTIE

3200-4000A

14"

CABLE CONNECTEDTIE

CABLE CONNECTEDBREAKER & FUSE

CABLE CONNECTEDBREAKER & FUSE

800-1600A

FUSEROLL-OUT

MT30-2130"

35"

MT30-2030"

TIE 3200A

21"

KL

KL

35"

30"

21"

14"

MT30-22

21"

35"

KL

KL

FUSEROLL-OUT

2000A

800-1600A

2000A

21" 21"

14"

92”

Upper Bus

Lower Bus

**Mid (Center) Bus

86


Entellisys 30” Sections (Feeder)


INCOMING






14"

35"

21"

30"

800-1600A

21"

21"

800-2000A

3200A

35"

FEEDER

F30-330"

21"

800-2000A

3200A

35"

FEEDER

21"

30"

35"

FEEDER

F30-4

3200-4000A

42"

F30-530"

28"

35"

FEEDER 3200-4000A

21"

F30-6

B/W

30"

B/W

F30-2

FEEDER

800-2000A

3200-4000A

F30-1CABLE CONNECTED

FEEDERCABLE CONNECTED



FEEDERBUSWAY OR CABLECONNECTED FDR

BUSWAY OR CABLECONNECTED FDR

4000A NSP busway requiresa 38" wide section

30"

FEEDER

28"

35"

800-2000A

21"

3200A

92”

Upper Bus

Lower Bus

**Mid (Center) Bus

87




INCOMING




35"

35"

38"MT38-1

67" MINIMUM DEPTH

MAINTIE

3200-4000A

MAINTIE

3200-4000A

MT38-2

BUSWAYABOVE=REAR POSITION

67" MINIMUM DEPTH

38"

MAINTIE

3200-4000A

MAINTIE

3200-4000A

B/W


B/W

MAINTIE

3200-4000A

MAINTIE

3200-4000A

67" MINIMUM DEPTH35"

38"MT38-3

35"

35"

35"

BUS CONNECTEDMAIN AND TIE

BUSWAY CONNMAIN AND TIE

BUS / CABLE CONNMAIN AND TIE

MAINTIE

3200-4000A

KL

KL FUSEROLL-OUT

KL

KL

MT38-438"

BUS CONNECTEDBREAKER & FUSE

67" MINIMUM DEPTH 35"

BUSWAY CONNBREAKER & FUSE

MT38-538"

BUSWAYABOVE=REAR POSITION

67" MINIMUM DEPTH

B/W

35"

FUSEROLL-OUT

35"

MAINTIE

3200-4000A

35"

MAINTIE

3200-4000A

KL

KL

CABLE CONNBREAKER & FUSE

38"MT38-6

67" MINIMUM DEPTH 35"

FUSEROLL-OUT

35"

92”

Upper Bus

Lower Bus

**Mid (Center) Bus

88


Entellisys 38” Sections (Main, Tie, Auxiliary, Utility Metering)


INCOMING



*

28"

35"

28"

35"

28"

35"

BUSWAY CONNECTED5000A MAIN OR TIE

MT38-7BUS CONNECTED

5000A MAIN OR TIE

38"74" MINIMUM DEPTH

MT38-838"

74" MINIMUM DEPTH

BUS CONNECTED5000A FUSE ROLL-OUT

74" MINIMUM DEPTH

MT38-938"


5000AMAINTIE 5000A MAIN

TIE

B/W

FUSEROLL-OUTKL

28"

35"

28"

35"

CABLE CONNECTED5000A MAIN OR TIE

MT38-1038"

74" MINIMUM DEPTH

MT38-11CABLE CONNECTED5000A MAIN OR TIE


MAINTIE 5000A MAIN

TIE 5000A

42"

42"

42"

42"

42"

42"

5000A CABLE TAPAX38-1


5000A SPECTRA BUSWAYAX38-2 AX38-3

5000A CABLE TAP

38" 38"74" MINIMUM DEPTH 74" MINIMUM DEPTH

UT3849-1UTILITY METERING

38 / 49"

CONSULT FACTORYFOR UTILITY METERING

SECTION DETAILS


B/W

92”

Upper Bus

Lower Bus

89


Table 16.5System Components

1 Refer to Table 16.6

Configuration I/O Circuit Breakers Components Cubicle ID1

SystemComponentsTogether(Redundantcomponentsare in thesame cubicle)

No Discrete I/O

≤ 23 Breakers CPUs, UPSs (C+J) or W> 23 Breakers CPUs, UPSs (C+J+T4) or W

Discrete I/O(1-64 Points)

≤ 23 BreakersCPUs, I/O O1 or P

UPS J> 23 Breakers add T4

Discrete I/O(65-128Points)

≤ 23 BreakersCPUs, UPSs (C+J)I/O Q or R

> 23 Breakers add T4

SystemComponentsSeparated(Redundantcomponentsare in separate,non-adjacentsections)

No DiscreteI/O

≤ 23 Breakers CPUs, UPSs (L+N) or [(A+B) + (G+H)]

> 23 Breakers CPUs, UPSs [(L+N) + (T2+T2)] or[(U+V) + (G+H)]

Discrete I/O(1-64 Points)

≤ 23 Breakers

CPU-A, I/O O3UPS-A HCPU-B, UPS-B L

orCPU-A, I/O O3

UPS-A H

CPU-B A

UPS-B G

> 23 Breakers

CPU-A, I/O O3

UPS-A H

CPU-B, UPS-B LTIERED SWS (T2+T2)

orCPU-A, I/O O3UPS-A H

CPU-B, TIERED SW UUPS-B GTIERED SW FOR CPU-A T2

All SystemsHMI (Primary) DHMI (Secondary,optional) F

Entellisys Component Placement Rules Entellisys uses a series of structured cubicle designsto house the components for the system within theswitchgear line-up. The structured cubicle designenhances the overall quality of the product byproviding repeatable switchgear designs, standardizedwire harnesses, and standardized drawings. EachEntellisys system component — CPU, Network Switch,HMI, Control Power Throwover, UPS, Digital I/O, PowerSupply – has a preferred location based on its functionand characteristics. The component locationsaddress engineering details such as wire harnessrouting, cubicle ventilation, and proximity to primarydevices. The user’s needs are also considered in thelocation of the components, focusing on convenientaccess for operation and maintenance, positioningfor viewing and programming, and similarity ofdesign for varying switchgear applications.

A number of cubicle designs and locations areavailable for each system component. This allowsthe designer to utilize the space remaining in theswitchgear line-up after locating all of the circuitbreakers and ensures the switchgear footprint

remains as small as practical while maintainingthe structured design of the system.

Entellisys components can be located within theswitchgear line-up in two different configurations.The standard configuration has the redundantcomponents mounted “together,” meaning theredundant CPUs are mounted in the same cubicle,the redundant UPSs are mounted in the same cubicle,and the redundant network communication switchesare mounted in the same cubicle. The other optionis to mount the redundant components in “separate”cubicles – the CPUs, UPSs, and network switches eachwould be mounted in non-adjacent cubicles. In a“separate” configuration, a CPU, UPS, and networkcommunication switch could be in the same cubicle,or these components could each be mounted inindividual cubicles.

The standard “system components together” configuration yields the most compact switchgearlayout whereas the “system components separated”configuration may require additional cubicles.

90


The following set of rules governs the placement ofEntellisys components within the switchgear line-up.1. Preferred location for the UPS is at the bottom

of a section but can be located in an uppercompartment provided the UPS is not locatedabove a circuit breaker.

2. HMI is located such that the bottom of the HMIcubicle is 42 to 49 inches above the floor.

3. HMI cannot be located in front of a UPS due tothe depth of the UPS.

4. Discrete I/O (up to 64 points, redundant or non-redundant) must be in the uppermost cubiclein the section, not above any 100kA IC breakersand not above any 4000A or 5000A breakers.

5. Discrete I/O (65 to 128 points) must be locatedin an auxiliary (non-breaker) section.

6. Redundant Discrete I/O requires the standard“system components together” arrangementmentioned above. Redundant Discrete I/O can-not be provided when the redundant system components (CPU, Network Switch, and UPS)are located in separate sections.

7. Non-redundant Discrete I/O (65-128 points) alsorequires a “standard system” arrangement.

8. A “system components separated” designrequires at least one vertical section betweensections containing the redundant systemcomponents (CPU, Network Switch, UPS).

9. In a “system components separated” design,the CPUs cannot be located more than 300 feetapart. This is the maximum allowable distancefor the communication cables.

10. A Near Gear HMI Section cannot be more than300 feet from the CPU and HMI Network Switch.This is the maximum allowable distance for theHMI communication cable.

11. For a “standard system” arrangement, the preferred location for the CPUs is in the centerof the line-up. This reduces the length of thecommunication cables.

Tables 16.1 and 16.2 identify the available structuredcubicles for Entellisys system components. Thesubsequent drawings show the possible locationsof system components.

91


Table 16.6Entellisys System Components Cubicles

Structured Entellisys CubicleUse 21” cubicle plus a 7” or 14” blank or (2)-21” cubiclesSpace not useable or not structured for Entellisys components

A), (B) identify the redundant system components.Primary HMI is powered from UPS-A and has a communication connection to UPS-A.“Tiered” network switches are required when the number of breakers in the system is greater than 23 and less than or equal to 30.

Cubicles Stacks

Configuration Contents CubicleID

22" W 30" W 38" WHoffmanBox

NearGearStack

ControlStack(30” W x 30” D)

21" H 42” H 21" H 28" H 35" H 42" H 42" H 42" HFullDepth

FullDepth

1/2 Depth(xfmr trans)

FullDepth

FullDepth

FullDepth

FullDepth

1/2 Depth(EGX bkr)

FullDepth

SystemComponentsSeparated –CPU

1-CPU(B), 1-NETWORK SW(B), 1-232 / 485 CONV A � � � �

1-CPU(A), 1-NETWORK SW(A), 1-232 / 485 CONV, 1-HMI SW, 1-VPN B ii � � � �

SystemComponentsTogether – CPU

2-CPU, 2 NETWORK SW, 1-HMI, 1-VPN C ii � � � �

HMI HMI (PRIMARY) D � � � � � � � � � � �

HMI (NON-PRIMARY) F � � � � � � � � � �SystemComponentsSeparated –UPS

1-UPS, 1-83 G � � �

1-UPS, 1-83, 1-232 / 485 CONV, 1-POWER SUPPLY H � � �

SystemComponentsTogether – UPS

2-UPS, 2-83, 1-232 / 485 CONV, 1-POWER SUPPLY J � � � �

SystemComponentsSeparated —with UPS

1-CPU(B), 1-NETWORK SW(B), 1-232 / 485 CONV,1-UPS(B), 1-83 L � �

1-CPU(A), 1-NETWORK SW(A), 2-232 / 485 CONV,1-HMI SW, 1-UPS(A), 1-VPN N ii � �

Discrete I/O -64 points

DISCRETE I/O (64 POINTS), 1-INTERFACE BLOCK,RELAY BLOCKS, 1-5V POWER SUPPLY, PLUS C ii O1 ii � �

DISCRETE I/O (64 POINTS), INTERFACE BLOCKS,RELAY BLOCKS, 1-5V POWER SUPPLY, PLUS N ii O3 ii � �

Discrete I/O -64 points -redundant

DISCRETE I/O (64 POINTS REDUNDANT), 2-INTER-FACE BLOCKS, RELAY BLOCKS, “OR” BOARDS, 1-5VPOWER SUPPLY, PLUS C ii

P ii � �

Discrete I/O -128 points

DISCRETE I/O (128 POINTS), 2-INTERFACE BLOCKS,RELAY BLOCKS, 1-5V POWER SUPPLY Q � � �

Discrete I/O -128 points -redundant

DISCRETE I/O (128 POINTS REDUNDANT), 4-INTER-FACE BLOCKS, RELAY BLOCKS, “OR” BOARDS, 1-5VPOWER SUPPLY

R � � �

Tiered NetworkSwitches

2-TIERED NETWORK SWS (16 PORT), 1-12V POWERSUPPLY, (PLUS 32 NETWORK CABLES) T2 � � � �

4-TIERED NETWORK SWS (16 PORT), 2-12V POWERSUPPLY, (PLUS 64 NETWORK CABLES) T4 � � � �

SystemComponentsSeparated —with TieredNetworkSwitches

1-CPU(B), 3-TIERED NETWORK SWS (1-8 PORT, 2-16 PORT), 1-232 / 485 CONV U � � � �

1-CPU(A), 3-TIERED NETWORK SWS (1-8 PORT, 2-16 PORT), 1-232 / 485 CONV, 1-HMI SW, 1-VPN V ii � � �

SystemComponentsTogether — inSingle Section

STD SYSTEM (NOT SPLIT), NO DISCRETE I/O, ALLCOMPONENTS IN ONE SECTION, - (C ii) + (J) W1 �

STD SYSTEM (NOT SPLIT), NO DISCRETE I/O, ALLCOMPO-NENTS IN ONE SECTION, > 23 BKRS - (C ii)+ (J) + (T4)

W2 �

EntellisysControl Stack

STD SYSTEM (NOT SPLIT), NO DISCRETE I/O, 2-CPU,1-HMI SW, 1-VPN, 232 / 485 CONV Xii �

NETWORK SWS MOUNTED IN SWITCHGEAR FOR USEWITH ENTELLISYS CONTROL STACK, </= 23 BREAKERS,2-NETWORK SWS, 2-12V POWER SUPPLIES

Y � � � �

TIERED NETWORK SWS MOUNTED IN SWITCHGEARFOR USE WITH ENTELLISYS CONTROL STACK, > 23BREAKERS, 4-TIERED NETWORK SWS (16 PORT), 2-NETWORK SWS (8 PORT), 2-12V POWER SUPPLIES

Ya � � � �

STD SYSTEM (NOT SPLIT), UP TO 64 DISCRETE I/O(NON-REDUNDANT), 2-CPU, 1-HMI SW, 1-VPN, 232 /485 CONV, 1-INTERFACE BLOCK, RELAY BLOCKS, 1-5V POWER SUPPLY

Z1ii �

STD SYSTEM (NOT SPLIT), UP TO 64 DISCRETE I/O(REDUNDANT), 2-CPU, 1-HMI SW, 1-VPN, 232 / 485CONV, 1-INTERFACE BLOCK, RELAY BLOCKS, “OR”BOARDS, 1-5V POWER SUPPLY

Z2ii �

�

92


Entellisys System Component Cubicles (Transformer Transition, Auxiliary Sections)

Transformer Transition Sections Auxiliary Sections

22" 22"

(UPS) G, H, J

(UPS) G, H, J

(HMI) D, F(no HMI if UPS present)

(CPU SEP. w/UPS) L, N ii


(CPU SEP.)A, B ii(CPU TOGTHR.)C ii

(UPS) G, H, J




Control Stacks

-- UPS (2)-- CONTROL POWER THROWOVER (2)-- 12VDC PWR SUPPLY-- 232 / 485 CONV'TER

32"

BLANK CUBICLE

J

30.5"

-- CPU (2)-- NETWORK HUB (1)-- VPN (1)-- DISCRETE I/O (OPT) UP TO 64 POINTS-- 232 / 485 CONV'TER

HMI

XiiZ1iiZ2ii

D

94"

-- CPU (2)-- NETWORK HUB (1)-- VPN (1)

32"

-- UPS (2)-- CONTROL POWER THROWOVER (2)-- 12VDC PWR SUPPLY-- 232 / 485 CONV'TER

J

30.5"

Xii

-- DISCRETE I/O (OPT) 65 TO 128 POINTS-- 12VDC PWR SUPPLY-- 232 / 485 CONV'TER

QR

HMID

94"

22" 22"

(UPS) G, H, J

(UPS) G, H, J





(UPS) G, H, J




(UPS) G, H, J

(UPS) G, H, J


22"22"

(HMI) D, F(HMI) D, F

(UPS) G, H, J


93


Entellisys System Component Cubicles (Auxiliary Sections)

(UPS) G, H, J

(DISCRETE I/O 128 POINTS)Q, R(requires CPUin same cubicle)

(UPS) G, H, J

30"30"


(UPS) G, H, J (UPS) G, H, J

30" 30"


(UPS) G, H, J


(UPS) G, H, J








(DISCRETE I/O64 POINTS)O1 ii+C ii,03 ii+N ii,P ii+C ii(requires CPUin same cubicle)


(UPS) G, H, J

(HMI) D, F (HMI) D, F

(UPS) G, H, J

30" 30"


(UPS) G, H, J

38" 38"




(HMI) D, F

38" 38" 38"




(STANDARD SYSTEMIN SINGLE SECTION, > 23 BREAKERS) W2(C ii) + (J) + (T4)No Discrete I/O

(STANDARD SYSTEMIN SINGLE SECTION) W1(C ii) + (J)No Discrete I/O

Auxiliary Sections

94


Entellisys System Component Cubicles (Breaker Sections)

(HMI) D, F

22"



(HMI) D, F(HMI) D, F (HMI) D, F

(UPS) G, H, J

22" 22" 22"


22" 22"

(UPS) G, H, J






22" 22"



(UPS) G, H, J(UPS) G, H, J

30" 30"

(UPS) G, H, J

30"30" 30" 30"

(DISCRETE I/O) O1 iiO3 ii, P ii





(DISCRETE I/O),O1 ii+C ii, O3 ii+N ii,P ii+C ii(requires CPUin same cubicle)

Breaker Sections

Intermix Sections

95


Entellisys System Component Cubicles (Breaker Sections)

(UPS) G, H, J

30"


(DISCRETE I/O64 POINTS)O1 ii+C ii,O3 ii+N ii,P ii+C ii(requires CPUin same cubicle)

30"

(UPS) G, H, J

30" 30"


EGX-32EGS-40EGH-40EGX-40

30" 30"

EGS-32EGH-32

(HMI) D, F

(HMI) D, F





30"

38"

EGS-50EGH-50EGX-50

Breaker Sections

96


Entellisys System Component Cubicles With Tiered Network Switches(Breaker, Transformer Transition, Auxiliary Sections)

(TIERED NTWRKSWITCH)T2, T4(TIERED NTWRKSWITCH w/CPU)U



22"


22"



22" 22" 22" 22" 22"


(TIERED NTWRKSWITCH)T2, T4(TIERED NTWRKSWITCH w/CPU)U, V ii





22"



Breaker Sections

Transition



22" 22"





30" 30"





Auxiliary Sections Auxiliary Sections

97


Entellisys System Component Cubicles With Tiered Network Switches(Breaker Sections)





30"




30" 30" 30"30"







30"

EGS-32EGH-32

EGX-32EGS-40EGH-40EGX-40

30” Intermix Sections

30” Breaker Sections

98


Entellisys Floor Plans and Side Views

NEMA 1 indoor — side view and anchoring detailsNote: Refer to installation drawing and Entellisys switchgear installation manual (DEH-237) for additional information.

� If line-up includes any EGF-08/16 breakers� If line-up includes any EGS/EGX-50 or EGF-08/16 breakersRefer to Table 16.1 and 16.2 for equipment depth options

99


Entellisys Floor Plans and Side Views

NEMA 1 indoor — floor plan and cable space detailsNote: Refer to installation drawing and Entellisys switchgear installation manual (DEH-237) for additional information.

� Cables above – available space for cables reduced by 5.00” (127mm) if BUS COMPARTMENT BARRIERS are providedCables below – available space for cables reduced by 4.00” (101mm) if 800-2000A breaker is located in bottom compartmentCables above or below – available space for cables reduced by 3.00” (76mm) for any section containing a 5000A BUS(if bus compartment barriers are supplied, see note above)

� Space required for UPPER neutral with leads ABOVE or LOWER neutral with leads BELOW

Refer to Table 16.1 and 16.2 for equipment depth options.

AEquipment depth

Direction ofcables J Rear

extension depth

PTransformer flange CL to

rear of switchgear

60” non-fused OR67” with fused EGF-08/16

Below 19.00 (482mm)None 26.50 (673mm)

Above 24.00 (609mm)


Below 26.00 (660mm)7.00 (177mm) 33.50 (851mm)

Above 31.00 (787mm)


Below 33.00 (838mm)14.00 (355mm) 40.50 (1029mm)

Above 38.00 (965mm)

74” with EGS / EGX-50

Below 19.00 (482mm)None 26.50 (673mm)

Above 24.00 (609mm)

81” with EGS / EGX-50

Below 26.00 (660mm)7.00 (177mm) 33.50 (851mm)

Above 31.00 (787mm)

67” with 5000 Amp bus w/o EGS / EGX-50 w/o EGF-08 / 16

Below 19.00 (482mm)None 29.50 (749mm)

Above 24.00 (609mm)

74” with 5000 Amp bus w/o EGS / EGX-50 w/o EGF-08 / 16

Below 26.00 (660mm)7.00 (177mm) 36.50 (927mm)

Above 31.00 (787mm)

100

Notes

101

Entellisys Low-Voltage SwitchgearAppendix A. Guide Form Specification

Following is Section 2 of the CSI Guide FormSpecification. Where appropriate, select items inbrackets that correspond to your particular needs.For a complete CSI specification, please seewww.entellisys.com.

PART 2 PRODUCTS2.01 DESIGN

A. General Electric Entellisys low voltage metal enclosedintegrated switchgear system has been used as thebasis for design for this project.

B. The first source of general information shall be thesegeneral specifications; however, detailed and specificinformation contained in the drawings will take precedence over these general specifications as thedrawings contain project specific information. In theevent of a conflict between the plans and specifications,the owner/engineer will determine which is correct.

2.02 EQUIPMENT LINE-UP INFORMATIONA. The General Electric Entellisys low voltage metal enclosed

integrated switchgear system lineup shall be completelyfactory assembled and shall contain upper, lower andside metal compartmentalized units for removable powercircuit breakers. Switchgear assemblies and breakersshall be constructed by one manufacturer.

B. The General Electric EntelliGuard circuit breaker are tobe low voltage metal frame power circuit breakers (aircircuit breakers). Use of, or substitution by insulatedcase circuit breakers, molded case circuit breakers orany protective device containing a non-metal frame isunacceptable and will be rejected by the owner/engineer.

C. The manufacturer shall provide approval and recorddocumentation in an all [electronic][paper] format.

D. The following factory accommodations are required forthis project:1. Factory certified test reports [are not required as normal

factory testing procedures are acceptable.][shall beissued at the conclusion of the factory testing.]

2. Factory witness testing [is not required as normal factorytesting procedures are acceptable.][shall be provided.]

3. Customer inspection [is not required as normal factory testing procedures are acceptable.][shall beprovided so that the owner/engineer/owner’s repre-sentative can visit the factory and view the assembledequipment prior to it’s shipment.]

2.03 EQUIPMENT SUMMARY INFORMATIONA. The low voltage metal enclosed integrated switchgear

system lineup shall be engineered and fabricated tomeet the specific project electrical distribution, protectionand control requirements as detailed in this specification.The specific equipment lineup properties listed below.

B. Equipment construction shall house all live componentsin a grounded metal enclosure 92 inches high with an codegauge modular designed steel frame with removable plates.The overall lineup enclosure construction type shall beas [Indoor type NEMA 1.][Indoor type NEMA 1 Dripproof.]

C. To facilitate the ease of equipment assembly and installa-tion, the MAXIMUM equipment shipping split section width

shall be [120 inches to minimize the amount of assemblysections.][38 inches to provide individual vertical stackswhich will allow easier egress to the final location.][Insert width of inches.]

D. When shipped from the factory the packaging shall be[standard domestic factory packaging (poly wrapped,cardboard/styrofoam cushions, etc.), special exportpackaging is not required.][suitable for special conditions,special export packaging is required.]

E. The switchgear lineup shall be rated and labeled toreceive a power supply Line-to-Line voltage rating asshown on the project drawings.

F. The switchgear lineup shall be rated and labeled toreceive a phasing and wire arrangement as shown onthe project drawings.

G. The switchgear lineup shall be rated and labeled to receivea frequency rating as shown on the project drawings.

H. All bus bars in the switchgear lineup shall be bracedand labeled to withstand the short circuit mechanicalas shown on the project drawings.

I. The main bus in the switchgear lineup shall be made ofcopper and shall be rated and labeled to handle anelectrical load as shown on the project drawings.

J. The overall short circuit value of the switchgear lineup shallbe rated and labeled as shown on the project drawings.

K. A ground bus shall be secured to each vertical sectionstructure. It shall also extend entire length of switchgearlineup and shall be equipped with a 4/0 terminal forconnection to the building’s ground system. The groundbus in the switchgear lineup shall be made of copperand shall be rated as shown on the project drawings.

L. To facilitate the ease of dressing the exiting cables, theequipment ground bus shall be positioned on at the samelocations [top][bottom] as the majority of exiting cables.

M. If provided, the copper neutral bus shall be mounted onstand off insulators to isolate it from ground and shallbe sized as shown on the project drawings.1. If a neutral bus is provided, it shall be located opposite

of the ground bus to facilitate the ease of dressingthe exiting cables.

2. If a neutral bus is provided, the configuration of the neutral system shall be [standard 4-wire WYE][3-wire WYE GROUNDED][3-wire HIGH RESISTANCEGROUNDED][3-wire HIGH RESISTANCE GROUNDEDsystem and a high resistance ground CT is required].

N. In order to provide improved personnel safety from thefront of the equipment, the main and riser busses shallbe situated behind a metal barrier so that the breakercompartments, instrument compartments and auxiliarycompartments are all shielded from the main & riserbuswork. The bussing itself shall be [a bare bus system][an insulated/isolated bus system][a bus compartmen-tation system][an insulated/isolated and compartmentedbus system].

O. The same material shall be used at the vertical-to-horizontal bus connections and at points where vertical

102

Appendix A. Guide Form Specification

bus connects to bus bars supplying power to circuitbreaker compartments. All bus material and plating inthe switchgear lineup shall be [copper buses with fullsilver joint plating][copper buses with tin plating].

P. All bus hardware shall be high tensile strength zincchromate plated steel with [standard factory connectors][special Belleville washers].

Q. The vertical bus shall be held rigid in support structure ofshort circuit resistant, molded glass reinforced polyesterbases to inhibit the spread of arcing faults. All bus barsshall be arranged to permit the addition of future additions.

R. The switchgear shall have rear cable terminal compart-ments. The cable bending space shall meet NationalElectrical Code requirements.

S. The overall equipment lineup depth shall be as shownon the project drawings.

T. The lineup shall have [no additional rear extension][a 7”rear extension][a 14” rear extension].

U. The lineup shall be painted using a two step process. Instep one a light gray paint shall be applied using an epoxyelectro-deposition process. In step two the paint shallbe over sprayed on the exterior surfaces. The final colorof the equipment shall be [standard General Electric ANSI61 gray][ANSI 24 gray][ANSI 45 gray][ANSI 70 gray][Insert special paint color].

V. The interior of the equipment shall be [standard, thefront and rear interior compartments shall be the samecolor as the exterior color][special, the front and rearinterior compartments shall be painted white][special,the front interior compartments shall be painted white].

2.04 EQUIPMENT OPTIONS – ELECTRICALA. Identification of the control wiring within the equipment

lineup shall be provided with wire sleeves, the sleeveswill identify the origin and destination of that specificwire/circuit.

B. Wire terminals for the control wiring within the equipmentlineup shall be [standard spring spade insulated terminals][special ring insulated terminals][special spring spacenon-insulated terminals], except where ring terminalsare used to connect C/T circuits.

C. Minimum wire size for the control wiring within theequipment lineup shall be [No. 14 AWG][No. 12 AWG][10AWG], extra flexible, stranded, tinned-copper, type SIScross-linked polyethylene, rated 600 volts, except forspecific circuits requiring larger wire.

D. Wire terminals for the C/Ts (current transformers) withinthe equipment lineup shall be crimp type [standard, non-insulated ring terminals][special, insulated ring terminals].

E. Minimum wire size for the C/Ts (current transformers)within the equipment lineup shall be [No. 14 AWG][No. 12AWG][No. 10 AWG], extra flexible, stranded, tinned-copper,type SIS cross-linked polyethylene, rated 600 volts.

F. Control power for the equipment lineup shall be 120 VAC.Refer to the project drawings for the source location,required components and configuration.

G. The equipment lineup shall be provided with [no heaters][heaters located in each vertical stack rear cable com-partment and shall be controlled by the devices listedbelow][heaters located in each vertical stack rear cablecompartment as well as the front instrumentation compartment. The strip heater shall be controlled bythe devices listed below].1. If equipment strip heaters are provided, they shall

controlled by [an installed thermostat][an installedhumidistat][an installed heater switch][both aninstalled thermostat and installed humidistat] Theheaters installed in the lineup are not required to becontrolled by an installed humidistat].

2. If equipment strip heaters are provided, they shall [notbe monitored][be monitored by a heater ammeter].

2.05 EQUIPMENT OPTIONS – MECHANICALA. The following general equipment options shall be provided:

1. A breaker door interlock [is not required, provide thestandard door mechanism assembly][is required].

2. Device door barriers are not required as all controlwiring on back panels are rated 120V or less per ANSI requirements.

3. Rear floor plates [are not required, provide the standardopen rear cable area][shall be provided, the installer/contractor shall punch the plates to provide accessfor the conduits].

4. A test kit [is not required as the GE Entellisys integratedswitchgear system is self-monitoring with an extensivediagnostic routine. Non GE Entellisys systems shallprovide a test kit][shall be provided].

5. Insect screens in the equipment lineup [are notrequired][shall be supplied].

6. A remote racking mechanism [is not required][shall beprovided, as there is a need to minimize arc flash oppor-tunity. This will allow the operator rack a breaker in/outup to 30 feet away from the front of the equipment].

7. A test cabinet for the circuit breakers (EntelliGuard)[is not required][shall be provided].

8. The equipment lineup [requires no hoist rails or hoistmechanism][is an indoor type NEMA 1 dripproofassembly, as such no hoist rails or hoist mechanism canbe provided][requires a set of hoist rails on top of theswitchgear lineup][required a set of hoist rails on top ofthe switchgear lineup and an integral hoist mechanism].

9. The equipment lineup [requires no external hydo craneor lift truck][is an indoor type NEMA 1 dripproof, andrequires a portable hydro crane lifting device.][Additionally, a lift truck shall also be supplied to provide a convenient method to transport theremoved circuit breakers.]

10. Section barriers consisting of metal and polyester verticalbarricades between sections shall be provided [betweenthe main and feeder sections][between all sections].

11. Drawout compartment shutters used to protectoperators from accidental contact with breakerstabs when the breaker is withdrawn from its cubicleshall be provided on [only the Main and Tie breakercubicles][all breaker cubicles in the lineup].

12. The equipment line-up shall be provided with [noadditional sub base][a 4 inch high sub].

B. The following equipment certifications shall be provided:1. [There in no requirement for a UL label on the lineup.

The equipment shall be manufactured per the mostrecent appropriate NEMA and ANSI standards.][A UL1558 label shall be provided on the equipment verifyingthat the lineup meets all requirements for UL for metal-enclosed low voltage power circuit breaker switchgear.

103


2. The switchgear lineup shall be constructed [to regulardesign parameters][to meet the requirements ofseismic zones 2A or 2B][to meet the requirements ofseismic zone 4].

3. The equipment shall be manufactured to meet theapplicable requirements of the governing bodiescited in the REFERENCES section.

4. There is [no need for a UL service entrance label on thisequipment][a requirement for a UL service entrance label].

C. The following door, cover and latch requirements shallbe provided:1. The rear of the switchgear shall be provided with

[standard bolted covers][hinged rear doors, splitheight type][hinged rear doors, full height type].

2. Access to the rear compartment of the switchgearshall [not require any additional provisions][requirerear door padlocking provisions].

3. Opening the rear [covers shall be accomplished byremoving the corner bolts][doors shall be accomplishedusing a T-handle mechanism].

4. Securing the rear [covers shall be accomplished bytightening the corner bolts][doors shall be accomplishedusing a three point catch to secure the door at the top,bottom and side].

5. Service into the rear sections [shall be accomplishedby removing the rear covers][shall be accomplishedusing rear door stops, this will allow the doors to belocked into to open position].

6. Locks on the rear section [are not required][doorsshall be provided].

7. The switchgear front doors shall [shall have standard1/4 turn latches][shall have 1/4 turn latches withpadlocking provisions][shall have 1/4 turn latcheswith a keylock].

D. The equipment lineup shall be supplied with the followingcable lugs, pull boxes and cable supports:1. Conductors shall terminate into [compression lugs]

[clamp lugs (mechanical type)]. Refer to the projectdrawings for quantity and size information.]

2. The supplied lugs shall be made of [copper][aluminum]and shall be manufactured by Burndy.

3. The direction of the cables feeding / being fed fromthe equipment is detailed on the project drawings.

4. The switchgear lineup shall be provided with [standardrear cable space.][a 15 inch high pull box.][a 22 inchhigh pull box.][a 29 inch high pull box.] As [no pull boxis required, no cable supports or section barriers arerequired.][a pull box is being supplied, cable supportsshall be supplied.][a pull box is being supplied, sectionbarriers shall be supplied.][a pull box is being supplied,cable supports and section barriers shall be supplied.]

E. The following equipment mimic bus shall be provided:1. [The standard – no mimic bus requirement is needed.]

[A mimic bus shall be provided on the front of theequipment to diagrammatically show the internal busstructure of the lineup. The details of the mimic shallbe as detailed below:]a. If mimic bus is provided, it shall be mounted to the

equipment using [adhesive vinyl][standardscrews][stainless steel screws].

b. If mimic bus is provided, the mimic bus size shallbe [1/4 inch wide][3/8 inch wide][1/2 inch wide][3/4inch wide][1 inch wide].

c. If mimic bus is provided, the mimic bus color shall be[red][orange][brown][green][blue][black][yellow][white].

2.06 SPECIAL FUNCTIONALITY (ENTELLISYS OPTIONS)A. The General Electric Entellisys low voltage metal enclosed

integrated switchgear system has be chosen as the basisof design given its flexibility, modularity and overallfunctionality. The Entellisys system parameters are detailedbelow. Should the Entellisys system not be provided, thesame functionality must be provided to be consideredas an acceptable equal. Failure to provide the Entellisyssystem or the specified functionalities is unacceptableand will result in the proposal being rejected by theowner/engineer.

B. Each low voltage switchgear lineup shall be suppliedwith a means to view the status of the overall equipment,breakers, etc as detailed below. The preferred interfaceis the GE Entellisys HMI, other touch screen displayscontaining the parameter functionality listed below willbe considered equal.1. The HMI color view screen will be a backlit liquid

crystal display (LCD) and have a minimum diagonalviewing area of at least 15 inches.

2. The HMI shall also contain: a frame integral keyboard,a frame integral number pad with directionalarrows, and two USB ports located at the front.

C. The quantity of HMI devices located in the equipment lineup,which would allow local user interface, shall be [zero][one][two][three], the location of the lineup display(s) shallbe as shown on the project drawing front elevation view.

D. The quantity of HMI devices located in a near gear standalone equipment stack, which would allow for remoteuser interface with the equipment lineup shall be [zero][one][two][three][four], the location of the near gear displaysshall be as shown on the project drawings].

E. The quantity of HMI devices located in a near gear wallmounted unit, which would allow for remote user interfacewith the equipment lineup shall be [zero][one][two][three][four], the location of the near gear displays shall be asshown on the project drawings].

F. The primary HMI location shall be in the [equipmentlineup][near gear stand alone equipment stack][neargear wall mounted unit].

G. To assure maximum uptime and operational reliabilitythe system shall be provided with two central processingunits (CPUs). Use of dual/redundant programmable logiccontrollers (PLCs) that provide the same parameterfunctionality will be considered equal.

H. As there is a need to provide reliable ongoing 120VACcontrol power for the two CPUs, the system shall beprovided with two uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) –one for each CPU. The UPSs shall receive their powerfrom the source specified earlier under the EQUIPMENTLINE-UP INFORMATION part of this specification.

I. The physical placement of the redundant devices (twoCPUs and two UPSs) shall be as [a together placement.][aseparated placement.][in a control section separatedfrom the switchgear line-up. The control section shallalso house the primary HMI, control power transferrelays, and any required discrete input / output relays.]

J. The Entellisys system provides a wide variety of protectionfunctions, metering functions, relaying functions, transferfunctions and signaling functions. Following are the

104


specific requirements that must be supplied in theequipment lineup.1. Zone selective interlocking [is not required for this

project.][shall be provided. The system shall be dynamic,allowing for changing ZSI circuit breaker relationshipsdepending on which mains and ties are closed.]a. If provided the zone selective interlocking system

shall be supplied for interlocking [only the short-timecharacteristics of the breakers.][only the groundfault characteristics of the breakers.][ both theshort-time and the ground fault characteristics ofthe breakers.]

b. Refer to the project drawings for details of the zone(s).

2. Bus differential protection [is not required for thisproject.][shall be provided via the Entellisys zone-based Bus Differential feature.]

3. The number of ZSI/Bus Differential Zones [is zero.][isone, refer to the project drawings for details of thiszone.][is two, refer to the project drawings for detailsof the zones.][is three, refer to the project drawingsfor details of the zones.][is four, refer to the projectdrawings for details of the zones.]

4. Multi-source ground fault protection [is not requiredfor this project][shall be provided as there is a need toprovide selectivity within the ground fault protectionscheme of the lineup].

5. The switchgear lineup is [not arranged for multiplesources and there is no need to parallel sources.][connected to multiple power sources and there is aneed to momentarily parallel the sources, as suchone sync check relay shall be provided.][connectedto multiple power sources and there is a need tomomentarily parallel the sources, as such two syncchecks relay shall be provided.]

6. The system ground fault scheme [is not a highresistance ground fault type, therefore no HRGdetection system is required.][associated with theequipment lineup is a high resistance ground faulttype, therefore provide a system that will detect andalarm on HRG faults.][associated with the equipmentlineup is a high resistance ground fault type, thereforeprovide a system that will detect and alarm on HRGfaults and automatically identify the feeder supplyingthe ground fault via a pulsing system. Provide timedelayed tripping capability if the cause of the groundfault is not corrected within the preset time (0-999hours).] [associated with the equipment lineup is ahigh resistance ground fault type, therefore providea system that will detect and alarm on HRG faultsand automatically identify the feeder supplying theground fault via a pulsing system. Provide time delayedtripping capability if the cause of the ground fault isnot corrected within the preset time (0-999 hours).The high resistance ground system shall also havethe ability to trip, via priority assignment, a feederbreaker with a ground fault upon the occurrence ofa second phase-to-ground fault.]

7. The line-up shall utilize [the standard protective set-tings associated with all the breakers. No enhancedreduced energy let-thru option is required.] [and beprovided with a reduced let-thru mode. Several reducedenergy let-thru modes shall be available to addressdifferent operating and maintenance tasks associat-ed with the switchgear and its connected loads.a. A single-point mode shall activate a group of

user-defined overcurrent settings for an individualcircuit breaker in the line-up. These settings will

allow the breaker to be more sensitive to the reducedcurrent levels associated with arcing faults andopen the breaker with reduced time delay orinstantaneously. It shall be possible to associateother breakers in the line-up with a breaker thathas been activated in single-point mode so that,depending on the type of operation or maintenanceactivity, the overcurrent settings on the associatedbreakers will be adjusted to their reduced energylet-thru settings. The single-point mode will facilitatereduced energy let-thru load protection withoutassociated breakers or reduced energy let-thruprotection of a specific breaker in the line-up withthe associated breakers. The single-point reducedenergy let-thru mode shall be activated by any ofthe following methods – locally from the switchgearor remotely via dry contact input, touch-screeninput, or through Modbus TCP/IP communication.Activation of the single-point reduced energy let-thru mode shall be clearly indicated at the point ofactivation and at the circuit breaker cubicle. If thereare other breakers associated with the single-pointmode, there shall be clear indication at the pointof activation and at the breaker cubicle that theassociated breakers are also operating with theirreduced energy let-thru settings. It shall be possiblefor up to 8 distinct individuals to activate single-point reduced energy let-thru mode on a circuitbreaker. Security measures shall be provided thatwill permit only persons with passwords and specificprivileges to activate the reduced energy let-thrumode from the switchgear or via Modbus communi-cation. An electronic log shall be generated to showall of the instances that have been used to activatethe reduced energy let-thru mode for the circuitbreaker. The reduced energy let-thru settings for thecircuit breaker shall remain active until all of theactivation instances have been removed or released.

b. A multi-point mode shall activate a group of user-defined settings for protective relay functions thataffect multiple breakers in the line-up. These pro-tective relay functions include bus differential, zoneselective interlocking, and multiple-source groundfault. Priority tripping, when used with high resistancegrounded systems, will also be included in themulti-point mode. These settings will allow the abovementioned protective relay functions to be moresensitive to the reduced current levels associatedwith arcing faults and open the breaker(s) withreduced time delay. The multi-point reduced energylet-thru mode shall be activated by any of the following methods – locally from the switchgearor remotely via dry contact input, touch-screeninput, or through Modbus TCP/IP communication.Activation of the multi-point reduced energy let-thrumode shall be clearly indicated at the point ofactivation and at the circuit breaker cubicles. It shallbe possible for up to 8 distinct individuals to activatemulti-point reduced energy let-thru mode on theswitchgear. Security measures shall be providedthat will permit only persons with passwords andspecific privileges to activate the reduced energylet-thru mode from the switchgear or via Modbuscommunication. An electronic log shall be generatedto show all of the instances that have been used toactivate the reduced energy let-thru mode for theswitchgear. The reduced energy let-thru settingsfor the switchgear shall remain active until all of the

105


activation instances have been removed or released. c. A system-wide reduced energy let-thru mode

shall activate the user-defined settings describedin the preceeding paragraphs for protective relayfunctions that affect multiple breakers in the line-up as well as the user-defined overcurrent set-tings for individual circuit breakers. The system-wide reduced energy let-thru mode shall be acti-vated by any of the following methods – locallyfrom the switchgear or remotely via dry contactinput, touch-screen input, or through ModbusTCP/IP communication. Activation of the system-wide reduced energy let-thru mode shall be clear-ly indicated at the point of activation and at thecircuit breaker cubicles. It shall be possible for upto 8 distinct individuals to activate the system-wide reduced energy let-thru mode on theswitchgear. Security measures shall be providedthat will permit only persons with passwords andspecific privileges to activate the reduced energylet-thru mode from the switchgear or via Modbuscommunication. An electronic log shall be gener-ated to show all of the instances that have beenused to activate the system-wide reduced energylet-thru mode for the switchgear. The reducedenergy let-thru settings for the switchgear shallremain active until all of the activation instanceshave been removed or released.

8. The Entellisys system shall have electrically operatedbreakers with Redundant Trip Coil functionality.During a fault, the breaker shall be issued an opensignal by both the flux shifter and the shunt trip, pro-viding redundant trip paths.

9. The line-up shall be provided with relay functions tofacilitate control of individual breakers or groups ofbreakers. The relay functions shall be flexible to allowthem to monitor the voltage, current magnitude orcurrent demand on any circuit breaker in the line-up.Operation of any of these relay functions shall allowcontrol of the circuit breaker being monitored or anyother circuit breaker in the line-up. Any change instatus of the relay functions (pick-up, drop-out, oroperate) shall be recorded in a time-stamped sequenceof events log. The relay functions shall also be capableof being used for alarming as well as breaker controlsequences. A quantity of 16 of each of the monitoredfunctions – undervoltage, load current, currentdemand – shall be available for integration intobreaker control and / or alarming sequences.

K. The following metering parameters shall be supplied inthe equipment lineup.1. The BASIC metering package shall include the following

metering functions and every breaker in the lineup shallcontain these functions. The values listed below shallbe displayed on the equipment lineup HMI interfacea. Amperes phase A, B, C, amperes of the neutral (on

a 4 wire system)b. Volts phase A-B, volts phase B-C, volts phase C-Ac. When the lineup is connected to a WYE system,

these additional functions shall also be available -Volts phase A-N, B-N, C-N, phase-to-neutral 3-phaseaverage voltage

2. [In addition to the BASIC metering package, the following EXPANDED metering package shall be provided. The values listed below shall be displayedon the equipment lineup HMI interface.a. The energy based parameters of Positive Real Energy,

Negative Real Energy, Positive Reactive Energy,

Negative Reactive Energy, and Apparent Energy b. The power based parameters of Real Power,

Reactive Power, Apparent Power, Power Factor,Minimum Power Factor and Maximum Power Factor

c. The system frequency.d. As the Entellisys system provides the ability to

move the EXPANDED metering package frombreaker to breaker the following total number ofEXPANDED metering packages shall be provided:1) Provide [One][Two][Three][Four][Five][Insert the

number of EXPANDED metering packages]EXPANDED metering package for the lineup.

2) The end user shall be able to move this packagefrom breaker to breaker via the lineup HMI interface.If the provided metering devices does not havethe ability to move from breaker to breaker,then ALL breakers MUST be supplied with theEXPANDED metering functions listed above.

e. The GE Entellisys system shall provide the abilityadd additional EXPANDED metering packages to thelineup via a software/firmware platform. No hard-ware cost shall be added for these enhancements(just the cost of the software/node module).]

3. [In addition to the BASIC and ENHANCED metering,the following DEMAND metering package shall beprovided. The values listed below shall be displayedon the equipment lineup HMI interface.a. Previous interval kilowatt (kW) demand, Maximum

kW demand, Previous interval kilovar (kvar)demand, Maximum kvar demand, Previous inter-val kVA demand, Maximum kVA demand

b. Demand logging for kWh, kvarh, kVAh, kWdemand, kvar demand, kva demand, power factor

c. As the Entellisys system provides the ability tomove the DEMAND metering package from break-er to breaker the following total number ofDEMAND metering packages shall be provided:1) Provide [One][Two][Three][Four][Five][Insert the

number of DEMAND metering packages]DEMAND metering package for the lineup.

2) The end user shall be able to move this packagefrom breaker to breaker via the lineup HMIinterface. If the provided metering devices doesnot have the ability to move from breaker tobreaker, then ALL breakers MUST be suppliedwith the DEMAND metering functions listed above.

d. The GE Entellisys system shall provide the abilityadd additional DEMAND metering packages to thelineup via a software/firmware platform. No hard-ware cost shall be added for these enhancements(just the cost of the software/node module).]

4. [In addition to the BASIC, ENHANCED and DEMANDmetering the following HARMONICS metering packageshall be provided. The values listed below shall be displayed on the equipment lineup HMI interface.a. K factor for each current phase, Voltage Total

Harmonic Distortion (VTHD) for each phase and CurrentTotal Harmonic Distortion (ITHD) for each phase

b. Frequency spectrum (magnitude only) for eachvoltage and current phase up to the 31st harmonic.These values shall be graphically displayed as abar graph on the equipment HMI interface.

c. As the Entellisys system provides the ability tomove the HARMONIC metering package frombreaker to breaker the following total number ofHARMONIC metering packages shall be provided:1) Provide [One][Two][Three][Four][Five][Insert the

number of HARMONIC metering packages]HARMONIC metering package for the lineup.

106


2) The end user shall be able to move this packagefrom breaker to breaker via the lineup HMI inter-face. If the provided metering devices does nothave the ability to move from breaker to breaker,then ALL breakers MUST be supplied with theHARMONIC metering functions listed above

d. The GE Entellisys system shall provide the abilityadd additional HARMONIC metering packages tothe lineup via a software/firmware platform. Nohardware cost shall be added for these enhance-ments (just the cost of the software/node module).]

L. The lineup [has no requirement for automatic transfer][requires a three circuit breaker automatic throwoverscheme and shall contain all the necessary instrumentation,status and control power requirements, etc. The interfacefor the status indication and the control of these devicesshall be accomplished via the equipment lineup touchscreen HMI.]

M. The signaling/status information required on this project[will be provided via the system Ethernet communicationsinterface.][will mostly be provided via the system Ethernetcommunication interface; however, as there is a need toprovide some specific discrete signals, a digital I/O deviceshall also be incorporated into the lineup. Refer to the proj-ect drawings for the quantity of input and output signals.]

N. As the GE Entellisys system [will function as a local unit,no additional HMI software shall be provided for remotefunctioning or viewing via a personal computer.][isrequired to allow for the exchange of information to aremote PC the following HMI software packages shallbe supplied. This software shall be installed on a remotePC/laptop (installation and computer by others) andshall have the following functionality.]1. If software is provided, it shall be the [FULL][VIEW

ONLY] function software. The total quantity of softwarepackages shall be [none][one][two].

O. The following diagnostics tools shall be supplied in theequipment lineup.1. Standard sequence of event recording shall be provided.

This feature will enable the user to view via theequipment HMI, any trip, alarm, logged event, etc. Thesystem will have a unified time synchronization sothat all recorded occurrences will be time stamped.

2. The standard GE Entellisys tools [is all that is requiredfor this project.][shall be supplemented with thewaveform capture enhancement. This feature willenable the user to view via the equipment HMIwaveforms that triggered from a trip, an alarm or amanually initiation.]

3. [A high current trigger function shall be includedwith the waveform capture enhancement that willallow the system to capture waveforms based on apreset current pickup and delay setting. The currentsetting shall be a function of the breaker long timepickup and the time delay shall have a range ofone-half cycle to 60 cycles.]

P. The GE Entellisys system will be provided with 3 (three)copper 10/100 Base T user ports (RJ-45 female receptacle)as standard. The communications protocol for the systemwill be an open architecture Modbus RTU/TPC-IP. [Thereis no need for any additional copper communicationport(s).][In addition to the standard copper connection ports,a fiber external communication port shall be provided.]

Q. As the equipment lineup will [function as a non-networkedproduct, there is no Virtual Private Network (VPN) or firewallrequirement.][have various network connections into andout of it for various monitoring, viewing, controlling, signaling,etc. capability; and as there is a need to restrict accessinto this communications environment, the manufacturershall provide a Virtual Private Network (VPN) or firewall.]

2.07 GENERAL CIRCUIT BREAKER REQUIREMENTSA. The General Electric ANSI rated EntelliGuard product has

be chosen as the basis of design given its robust metalframe construction and its ability for all parts to bereplaced resulting in a service cost versus replacementcost impact to the user. Use of, or substitution by insulatedcase circuit breakers, molded case circuit breakers isunacceptable and will be rejected by the owner/engineer.

B. Each breaker shall be a 3-pole electrically and mechanicallytrip free unit with self-aligning primary and secondarydisconnecting contacts, arc quenchers, position indicatorand the necessary hardware to mount on a drawoutmechanism in the compartment.

C. All circuit breakers shall be drawout type and the primaryconnections shall be fully silver plated copper-to-copper.

D. For personnel safety considerations, it is preferred thata true closed door drawout mechanism be employed topermit the circuit breaker to be moved from the connectedto disconnected position without opening the cubicledoor. If closed door racking is not available, the manu-facturer’s quotation must note this exception to be considered as a possible acceptable alternative.

E. The draw out mechanism shall provide four distinctpositions: connected, test, disconnected, and withdrawn.An indicator shall be provided to show the position status.The cubicle door shall be able to close when circuitbreaker is in the connected, test or disconnect position.

F. Each circuit breaker compartment shall have groundedbarriers at top, bottom, front and side. Furnish eachcompartment with draw-out rails and the necessarysecondary control contact points.

G. Padlocking provision shall permit locking the breaker intest and disconnected positions while in the cubicle.

H. Grounding of breaker frame to the steel frame shall bemaintained throughout travel of draw out mechanism.

I. Each breaker cubicle shall be designed so that only theframe for which the cubicle was designed can be inserted.Devices of equal frame size shall be interchangeable.

J. Manual or electrical closing mechanisms shall use anenergy storage spring between the operator and thebreaker contacts. This spring shall provide a constantclosing speed not influenced by operator speed or controlpower voltage level.

2.08 MAIN OR MAIN-TIE-MAIN CIRCUIT BREAKER REQUIREMENTSA. The breaker frame and function shall be as detailed below:

1. The breaker shall be [manually operated][electricallyoperated].

2. The breaker application shall be per the details asshown on the project drawings.

3. The breaker frame size shall be as shown on the project drawings.

107


4. The breaker frame shall contain a minimum sensorrating of as shown on the project drawings.

5. The breaker shall have a nominal breaker rating ofthe value as shown on the project drawings. Thisnominal setting shall be established via either a cur-rent setting rotary switch or a rating plug.

6. The circuit breaker is [a non-fused style breaker][afused style breaker with an open fuse lockoutdevice].a. If the breaker is fused, current limiting fuses shall

be integrally mounted for 800 and 1600 ampereframe devices and separately mounted for 2000,3200, 4000 and 5000 ampere frame devices.Separately mounted fuses shall be mountedinside a drawout carriage similar to that used forthe breaker. A hinged panel of perforated steelshall be positioned in front of fuses to preventreaching them if the compartment door is opened.This panel shall be interlocked to prevent it from beingopened unless the fuse rollout is fully withdrawn.

b. If the breaker is fused, refer to the project drawingsfor fuse rating and class details.

B. The breaker compartment shall be provided with theoptions / requirements detailed below:1. The compartment connection to the top shall be as

shown on the project drawings.2. The compartment connection to the bottom shall be

as shown on the project drawings.3. A Service Entrance label and lineup modifications

[are][are not] required for the main device.4. The power flow through this device shall be as

shown on the project drawings.5. The compartment door shall [be a standard compart-

ment door][be provided with a defeatable compart-ment door interlock].

6. As noted above in the EQUIPMENT OPTIONS –MECHANICAL section, drawout compartment shuttersshall be used to protect operators from accidentalcontact with breaker stabs when the breaker is withdrawn from its cubicle. These shutter shall beprovided on [only the Main and Tie breaker cubicles][all breaker cubicles in the lineup].

7. The compartment shall [not be a equipped with aposition switch][be equipped with a position switch (2 form a and 2 form b contacts)][be equipped with aposition switch (2 form a and 2 form b contacts) tosignal the breaker position to the automaticthrowover system].

C. The breaker compartment cable connections shall beas detailed below:1. The feed direction of the cables shall as indicated on

the project drawings.2. The neutral connection type shall be as indicated on

the project drawings.3. The following types of cable lugs shall be supplied

with the equipment:a. The type of lugs shall be [compression lugs.]

[clamp lugs (mechanical type).]b. The supplied lugs shall be made of [copper][alu-

minum] and shall be manufactured by Burndy.4. The quantity and size of the cables shall be as

described below:a. The quantity of phase cables is as indicated on

the project drawings.b. The size of the phase cables is as indicated on the

project drawings.

c. The quantity of neutral cables is as indicated onthe project drawings.

d. The size of the neutral cables is as indicated onthe project drawings.

e. The quantity of ground cables is as indicated onthe project drawings.

f. The size of the ground cables is as indicated onthe project drawings.

D. The Entellisys system provides a wide variety of protective,signaling and control functions. Following are the specificrequirements that must be supplied with the circuit breaker.1. LONG TIME protection shall be provided with

adjustable PICKUP and DELAY.2. GROUND-FAULT protection [is not required on this

project][is required as detailed on the project drawings].3. The GROUND-FAULT function [must be non-defeatable

as the equipment must be UL listed and labeled][shallbe defeatable and be capable of being turned off].Ground fault function shall be supplied with inde-pendent alarm and trip settings. If ground fault trip-ping is not required, a ground fault alarm functionshall still be provided.

4. SHORT TIME protection shall be provided withadjustable PICKUP and DELAY.

5. INSTANTANEOUS protection shall be provided withadjustable PICKUP. This function shall be a trueadjustable with lo range settings (not with only highrange or fixed high range.

6. To provide field coordination flexibility, both the SHORT-TIME and INSTANTANEOUS functions must be capableof being switched turned off via the HMI interface.

7. As the breaker is [manually operated no chargingpower is required.][electrically operated, the breakerclosing springs will be charged via a spring chargingmotor. Control voltage/power of 120VAC @ 60 Hzshall be provided].

8. The breaker [is not required to perform any trippingfunctions other than the protective trips describedabove.][shall be capable of performing independenttripping functions. A 120VAC 60Hz shunt trip shall be provided].

9. The breaker [trip signaling shall come from standardnetwork communications][shall be provided with abell alarm with lockout to provide an additional signalthat the breaker tripped.].

10. The breaker [reclosing capability shall function in anormal fashion.][shall be provided with network interlock.].

11. As there is [no need to provide advance warning ofbreaker tripping, the high current alarm option is notrequired.][a need to provide a preemptive alert ofthe breaker tripping, the breaker shall be providedwith the high current alarm option. The user adjustablepickup point shall send a signal when the breakerexceeds the established value.]

12. The breaker [will function in a normal utility mode][shall be provided with a frequency and reversepower relay package].

13. The breaker [is not required to provide voltage sensing][shall be provided with the voltage relay package].

14. The instrumentation configuration shall be as follows:a. The CT configuration within the breaker cubicle

shall be as indicated in the project drawings.b. The CT power flow within the breaker cubicle shall

be configured as indicated in the project drawings.15. Key interlocking of the breaker [is not required on

this project and should not be provided][is requiredas detailed on the project drawings].

108

2.09 FEEDER CIRCUIT BREAKER REQUIREMENTSA. The breaker frame and function shall be as detailed below:

1. The breaker shall be [manually operated][electricallyoperated].

2. The breaker application shall be per the details asshown on the project drawings.

3. The breaker frame size shall be as shown on theproject drawings.

4. The breaker frame shall contain a minimum sensorrating of as shown on the project drawings.

5. The breaker shall have a nominal breaker rating of thevalue as shown on the project drawings. This nominalsetting shall be established via either a current settingrotary switch or a rating plug.

6. The circuit breaker is [a non-fused style breaker][afused style breaker with an open fuse lockout device].a. If the breaker is fused, current limiting fuses shall

be integrally mounted for 800 and 1600 ampereframe devices and separately mounted for 2000,3200, 4000 and 5000 ampere frame devices.Separately mounted fuses shall be mounted insidea drawout carriage similar to that used for thebreaker. A hinged panel of perforated steel shallbe positioned in front of fuses to prevent reachingthem if the compartment door is opened. Thispanel shall be interlocked to prevent it from beingopened unless the fuse rollout is fully withdrawn.

b. If the breaker is fused, refer to the project drawingsfor fuse rating and class details.

B. The breaker compartment shall be provided with theoptions / requirements detailed below:1. The compartment connection to the top shall be as

shown on the project drawings.2. The compartment connection to the bottom shall be

as shown on the project drawings.3. A Service Entrance label and lineup modifications

are not required for the feeder devices.4. The power flow through this device shall be as

shown on the project drawings.5. The compartment door shall [be a standard compartment

door][be provided with a defeatable compartmentdoor interlock].

6. As noted above in the EQUIPMENT OPTIONS –MECHANICAL section, drawout compartment shuttersshall be used to protect operators from accidentalcontact with breaker stabs when the breaker is with-drawn from its cubicle. These shutter shall be providedon [only the Main and Tie breaker cubicles][all breakercubicles in the lineup].

7. The compartment shall [not be a equipped with aposition switch][be equipped with a position switch (2form a and 2 form b contacts)][be equipped with aposition switch (2 form a and 2 form b contacts) to signalthe breaker position to the automatic throwover system].

C. The breaker compartment cable connections shall beas detailed below:1. The feed direction of the cables shall as indicated on

the project drawings.2. The neutral connection type shall be as indicated on

the project drawings.

3. The following types of cable lugs shall be suppliedwith the equipment:a. The type of lugs shall be [compression lugs.][clamp

lugs (mechanical type).]b. The supplied lugs shall be made of [copper]

[aluminum] and shall be manufactured by Burndy.4. The quantity and size of the cables shall be as

described below:a. The quantity of phase cables is as indicated on

the project drawings.b. The size of the phase cables is as indicated on the

project drawings.c. The quantity of neutral cables is as indicated on

the project drawings.d. The size of the neutral cables is as indicated on

the project drawings.e. The quantity of ground cables is as indicated on

the project drawings.f. The size of the ground cables is as indicated on

the project drawings.

D. The Entellisys system provides a wide variety of protective,signaling and control functions. Following are the specificrequirements that must be supplied with the circuit breaker.1. LONG TIME protection shall be provided with

adjustable PICKUP and DELAY.2. GROUND-FAULT protection [is not required on this

project][is required as detailed on the project drawings].3. The GROUND-FAULT function [must be non-defeatable

as the equipment must be UL listed and labeled][shallbe defeatable and be capable of being turned off].Ground fault function shall be supplied with inde-pendent alarm and trip settings. If ground fault trip-ping is not required, a ground fault alarm functionshall still be provided.

4. SHORT TIME protection shall be provided withadjustable PICKUP and DELAY.

5. INSTANTANEOUS protection shall be provided withadjustable PICKUP. This function shall be a trueadjustable with lo range settings (not with only highrange or fixed high range.

6. To provide field coordination flexibility, both the SHORT-TIME and INSTANTANEOUS functions must be capableof being switched turned off via the HMI interface.

7. As the breaker is [manually operated no chargingpower is required.][electrically operated, the breakerclosing springs will be charged via a spring chargingmotor. Control voltage/power of 120VAC @ 60 Hzshall be provided].

8. The breaker [is not required to perform any trippingfunctions other than the protective trips describedabove.][shall be capable of performing independenttripping functions. A 120VAC 60Hz shunt trip shall beprovided].

9. The breaker [trip signaling shall come from standardnetwork communications][shall be provided with abell alarm with lockout to provide an additional signalthat the breaker tripped.].

10. The breaker [reclosing capability shall function in anormal fashion.][shall be provided with network interlock.].

11. As there is [no need to provide advance warning of


109


breaker tripping, the high current alarm option is notrequired.][a need to provide a preemptive alert ofthe breaker tripping, the breaker shall be providedwith the high current alarm option. The user adjustablepickup point shall send a signal when the breakerexceeds the established value.]

12. The breaker [will function in a normal utility mode][shallbe provided with a frequency and reverse powerrelay package].

13. The breaker [is not required to provide voltage sensing][shall be provided with the voltage relay package].

14. The instrumentation configuration shall be as follows:a. The CT configuration within the breaker cubicle

shall be as indicated in the project drawings.b. The CT power flow within the breaker cubicle shall

be configured as indicated in the project drawings.15. Key interlocking of the breaker [is not required on

this project and should not be provided][is requiredas detailed on the project drawings].

110

Notes

111

Entellisys Low-Voltage SwitchgearAppendix B. Type Tests

The type tests to which the Entellisys systemand/or the EntelliGuard Messenger have beentested include:

ANSI C37.90.1ANSI C37.90.2ANSI C37.20.1 Paragraph 6.3ANSI C62.41ANSI C84.1

IEC255-21-1IEC255-22-5

IEC60255-6IEC60255-22-1IEC60255-22-6

IEC 60068-2-1IEC 60068-2-2

IEC60947-1IEC60947-2 sec. F.4.1.2IEC60947-2 sec. F.4.2IEC60947-2 sec. F.4.4IEC60947-2 sec. F.7IEC60947-2 sec. F.8IEC60947-2 sec. F.9

IEC61000-4-4IEC61000-4-5IEC61000-4-8IEC61000-4-9IEC61000-4-11

EN61000-4-2

FCC part 15, subpart B, Class A

IEEE-693-2005

IBC-2006

112

Notes

113

Entellisys Low-Voltage SwitchgearAppendix C. Standard and Optional Features

*Capable of communication with 25 systems

Standard Option

Architecture

HMI

Qty 1 mounted in lineup �

Redundant HMI in lineup �

HMI in stand-alone stack �

HMI in wall mount cabinet �

HMI in custom stand-alone stack �

CPU Qty 2 mounted in lineup �

UPS Qty 2 in lineup �

Control Power

Qty 1 CPT and throw-over to user source (single ended) �

Qty 2 CPTs and throw-over (double ended) �

Qty 2 CPTs and throw-over plus throw-over to 3rd source(user supplied)

�

Redundant DevicePlacement

Together in lineup �

Separated locations in lineup �

Separate Control Stack CPUs, HMI, UPSs in stand-alone independent stack �

Protection

Messenger 1 per breaker cubicle �

Protection

O/C - LSI (switchable S or I - able to select LS, LI or LSI) �

Ground fault �

Switchable GF �

Ground fault alarm only �

Voltage package �

High current alarm �

Freq. & power package �

Dynamic ZSI �

Bus Diff (ZSI included) �

Reduced Energy Let-Thru Mode (RELT) �

HRGF - Detection only �

HRGF - Feeder location �

HRGF - Priority tripping �

Multiple source GF (for 4W systems with multiple sources) �

Emergency stop �

Redundant trip coil �

Flex Relays (U/V, HC Alarm, Demand Metering Alarm) �

Metering &Diagnostics

Metering

Basic - A & V on all breakers �

Expanded/detailed package �

Demand package �

Harmonics package �

Diagnostics

Sequence of events recording �

System-wide waveform capture �

Waveform capture on high current �

Alarms (email capability) �

Maintenance Information Breaker indication for mechanical and electrical life �

Digital I/O and Control

Digital I/O

64 Points - non-redundant �

64 Points - redundant �

128 Points - non-redundant �

128 Points - redundant �

ControlSynch-check relay �

Automatic throw-over, 2-4 breaker scheme �

Automatic throw-over, 5-8 breaker scheme �

Communications& Accessories

External Communication

8 comm ports for external connection, copper �

9 comm ports for external connection, fiber �

Firewall (located in lineup or control stack) �

Remote viewer software* �

Remote user interface software* �

Access to external systems �

PMCS integration �

Time synchronization via SNTP �

Other DevicesRemote racking device �

Test kit �

114

Notes

115

Entellisys Low-Voltage SwitchgearAppendix D. Time Current Curves

116

Appendix D. Time Current Curves

117

Appendix D. Time Current Curves

118

Notes

Information contained in this application guide is based on established industry standards and practices. It is published in theinterest of assisting in the preparation of plans and specificationsfor low-voltage switchgear. Neither the General Electric Companynor any person acting on its behalf assumes any liability withrespect to the use of, or for damages or injury resulting from theuse of any information contained in this application guide.

GE EnergyIndustrial SolutionsSwitchgear Equipment510 East Agency RoadWest Burlington, Iowa 52655

© 2010 General Electric Companywww.geelectrical.com

DET-738 (07/10)

imagination at work

entellisys 4€¦ · entellisys low-voltage switchgear section 3. system architecture figure 3.1...

Documents