Entry Task

• What is communism?

• When did the U.S.A. have troops fighting against the Russians on Russian soil?

Enduring Understanding

• The Russian Revolution changed the political and economic landscape of the international community by eventually adopting a Totalitarian Communist system.

Econ 2.2.1

• Understands and analyzes how planned and market economies shape the production, distribution, and consumption of goods, services, and resources

Essential Questions

• What role did Lenin play in the Russian Revolution?

• How do planned/command economies function compared to market economies?

• In what way was the Soviet New Economic Plan (NEP) similar to capitalism?

• In what ways can a totalitarian state control all social aspects of ones life?

Learning Targets

• I can name the 3 main people involved in the Russian Revolution.

• I can accurately analyze examples of propaganda for and against Russian reforms.

• I can correctly describe the similarities and differences between capitalism and communism.

• I can analyze the consequences of war.

World HistoryMr. Noble

Mr. Voorhees

Russia – From Tsar to Totalitarianism

Power of the Tsars• The Tsars gained power from nobles by:

– taking it and challenging their opposition (Ivan the Terrible was very good at this)

Serfs– Compensated the nobles for decreased

power in government by giving them greater power over their land and its occupants • Serfs were peasants who were tied to the land • (virtual slaves)

Serfs

• 1861 - Serfdom abolished, but life did not change for most peasants

• 1891 - 1905 - Trans-Siberian R.R. started to connect growing empire (Vladivostok founded 1860)

Demographics

• 40% were literate• 51% of people worked in agriculture• 32% work in industries (worked 11 hours a

day, only 10 on Saturday)

World Population - 1900

1. British Empire 367,000,0002. China 300,000,0003. Russia 132,000,0004. French Empire 81,500,0005. United States 76,212,1686. Germany 56,000,000

Industrial Output (1900)

Country Coal Pig Iron Steel

USA 212 13.8 10.2

Great Britain 228 9 5

Germany 149 7.5 6.7

Russia 16.2 2.9 1.5

1905 - Russo-Japanese war–Russia defeated (a humiliation for the

country who defeated Napoleon)!

–Jan. 22, 1905 – “Bloody Sunday”• Demonstrators shot by Nicholas II’s soldiers• Fearing revolution, he listens to their demands

Nicolas II forced to begin reforms

1. Constitution and parliament (Duma) created

2. Oil workers form political councils (soviets)

World War I • Unprepared militarily

or industrially, Russia suffered demoralizing defeats, severe food shortages, and economic collapse

• 1917 - riots broke out • Nicolas forced to

abdicate

Revolutionary Period • Provisional government tried moderate policies

to maintain order (workers rights) – Battled two groups for power

• Bolsheviks "Majority" - radical, led by Lenin • Mensheviks "Minority" - more moderate

Lenin• United States and

other powers invade Russia to stop the Bolsheviks

• Bolsheviks triumphed in 1920

What Lenin Believed

• Capitalism – economic system where people control the factors of production– Good idea = $$

• Socialism – Political and economic system where government owns the key factors of production– Lenin based his ideas on Karl Marx’s

teachings

Karl Marx

• 1848 – wrote Communist Manifesto– Human history is about the struggle for

survival (strong versus weak)• Bourgeoisie – middle class who own factories• Proletariat – working class

– Revolution will favor the Proletariat, who will create a society of equality• “dictatorship of the proletariat”

– Eventually people would accept socialism and government would disappear

Leon Trotsky (1879-1940) - seizure of power

• Bolshevik membership soared during the summer

• Nov. 6, 1917 Soviets took over the gov’t

• Provided answer to anarchy, had good leadership and appealed to soldiers and workers alike

Dictatorship and Civil War • Approved of peasant

land seizure• Ended war – Treaty of

Brest-Litovsk• Dissolved the

Constituent Assembly

USSR

• After Lenin gained control of Russia, it is renamed– Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

Civil War 1918 - 1921• Whites vs. Reds• Fighting was brutal• Reds were victorious

by 1921*victory was due to:– well-defined political

program– better army– effective secret police force (the Cheka) Ukrainian family - suffering from typhus

Lenin's New Economic Policy (NEP)

• By 1921, the country was devastated– NEP was to get

economy viable– Peasants bought and

sold goods on the free market

*looked like Capitalism!

• Economic recovery and Lenin's death in 1924 brought a struggle for power between Stalin and Trotsky

Stalin won

• Read Page 824 in Holt• Stalin’s Soviet Union

Stalin's Soviet Union • Modern totalitarian

dictatorship • Five-Year Plans

– Economic– Social

Five-year Plans • 1928 – destroy the NEP and catch up

with the West

Questions to Stalin

• How did killing his own people help Stalin?• Why didn’t people revolt against Stalin?

– 5000 Ukrainian leaders executed in 1929 for planning a revolt

• Why did people continue to “love” him?– Propaganda

Collectivization • “Massive famine in

1932-1933 in Ukraine

• Five-year plans brought spectacular growth in heavy industry– Steel production grew 500% between 1928-1937

“Five Year Plan in Four Years!”

Terror and the Great Purges • In the mid-1930s, a

system of terror and purging was instituted

Stalin & Kirov

Stalin & Nadezhda

Show Trials 1936-1938• 16 Party leaders

confessed to plots against Stalin– Why did they give

false confessions?• Ritual confession of

short-comings of Party– Dedication

• Tortured and families threatened

• Lower level members were executed privately

Total Control• New party members

had only ever been loyal to Stalin

Russia Review

• Organize your Russia information: Holt pp. 455-460; 519-521; 557-561;

• PowerPoint lecture

Foundations of Political Values

Democracy versus CommunismMr. Noble & Mr. Voorhees

Declaration of Independence• Written in 1776• Justified freedom for

13 British Colonies• Thomas Jefferson

Communist Manifesto• Published 1848• Overthrow of Capitalism and

creation of a classless society

• Karl Marx

Can you tell the difference between each?

Your Assignment…

• How are these documents similar? How are they different?

• Look at the list of quotes from each document and write a “D” for Declaration of Independence or a “M” for the Communist Manifesto.

Economic SystemsCapitalism CommunismSimilarities

Democracy Totalitarianism Similarities

Essential Questions

• What role did Lenin play in the Russian Revolution?

• How do planned/command economies function compared to market economies?

• In what way was the Soviet New Economic Plan (NEP) similar to capitalism?

• In what ways can a totalitarian state control all social aspects of ones life?

Nicholas II

Joseph Stalin

Vladimir Lenin

Alexander II

Leaders ofRussia/USSR

Terms to Know for Quiz• Abdicate, • Assassinate, • Bolsheviks, • Bourgeoisie, • Communist

Manifesto, • Duma, • Emancipation

Edict,

• Five-Year Plan, • Genocide, Karl • Marx, • New Economic

Policy, • Proletariat, • Provisional

Government, • Purge,

• Russo-Japanese War,

• Serfs, • Socialism, • Totalitarianism, • Trans-Siberian

Railroad, • World War I