environmental and social impact assessment for ...documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/... ·...

Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for Construction of Tenements at All India Radio land, Thiruvottriyur Final Report

IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

Chennai - 600 035

December, 2006

E1126v 3

Pub

lic D

iscl

osur

e A

utho

rized

Pub

lic D

iscl

osur

e A

utho

rized

Pub

lic D

iscl

osur

e A

utho

rized

Pub

lic D

iscl

osur

e A

utho

rized

Pub

lic D

iscl

osur

e A

utho

rized

Pub

lic D

iscl

osur

e A

utho

rized

Pub

lic D

iscl

osur

e A

utho

rized

Pub

lic D

iscl

osur

e A

utho

rized

Table of Contents

Section Title Page No

I Executive Summary i – vi

Chapter - 1 Introduction 1-1

1.1 Background 1-1

1.2 Objective 1-1

1.3 Scope 1-1

1.4 Methodology 1-2

1.4.1 Familiarization with the Project 1-2

1.4.2 Identification of Impacts 1-2

1.4.3 Recommendations for EMP, Environmental Monitoring and RIP

1-2

1.5 Structure of the Report 1-3

Chapter - 2 Environmental Legislations and Institutional Framework

2-1

2.1 Introduction 2-1

2.2 Statutes Related to Environment 2-1

2.2.1 The Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 2-1

2.2.2 Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 2-1

2.2.3 The Forest (Conservation) Act, as amended in 1980 2-1

2.2.4 The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 2-1

2.2.5 The Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000 2-2

2.2.6 Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 2-2

2.2.7 Coastal Regulation Zone Notification, 1991 2-2

2.2.8 Motor Vehicles Rules, 1989 2-3

2.3 Institutional Framework 2-3

2.3.1 Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board 2-3

2.3.2 Local Body Administration 2-4

2.4 Statutes related to Social Aspects 2-4

2.4.1 Land Acquisition Act, 1894 (LAA) 2-4

2.4.2 National Policy on Resettlement and Rehabilitation (NPRR)

2-4

2.4.3 World Bank’s Policy on Involuntary Resettlement 2-5

2.4.4 Social Management Framework under Emergency Tsunami Rehabilitation Project (ETRP)

2-5

2.5 Environment and Social Management Framework Requirements

2-7

2.6 Responsibilities of the Project Promoter 2-8

Chapter - 3 Project Description 3-1

3.1 Criteria for Selection of Site 3-1

3.2 Site Location 3-1

3.3 Site Description 3-2

3.4 Coastal Regulation Zone 3-2

3.5 Site Suitability 3-2

3.6 Proposed Master plan of Project Site 3-4

3.7 Potable Water Supply 3-4

3.8 Sewerage System 3-4

3.9 Solid Waste management 3-4

3.10 Access to the Project Site 3-7

3.11 Other Infrastructure Development 3-7

3.12 Estimation of Quantities of Materials for Construction of Tenements

3-8

3.12.1 Foundation 3-8

3.12.2 Brick Work in CM 1:5 and CM 1:6 3-8

3.12.3 RCC works in 1: 1½ : 3 3-8

3.12.4 Flooring Concrete in 1:5:10 3-8

3.12.5 Plastering Works in 1:5 3-8

3.12.6 Steel 3-8

3.12.7 Water for Construction 3-8

3.12.8 Potable Water 3-8

3.13 Land for the Project 3-9

Chapter - 4 Environment Setting 4-1


4.2 Topography 4-1

4.3 Geology 4-1

4.3.1 Soil Type 4-1

4.4 Seismic Zone 4-1

4.5 Climate 4-1

4.5.1 Micro Meteorology of the Project area 4-1

4.5.2 Ambient Air Quality in the Project Area 4-4

4.5.3 Ambient Noise Level 4-6

4.6 Ground Water Quality and Yield Test 4-7

4.6.1 Earth Resistivity Test 4-7

4.6.2 Yield Test 4-7

4.6.3 Water Quality 4-7

4.7 Ecological Resources 4-9

4.7.1 Terrestrial Fauna 4-9

4.7.2 Aquatic Fauna 4-9

4.8 Landuse 4-9

Chapter - 5 Base Line Socio Economic Survey 5-1

5.1 Methodology Adopted 5-1

5.2 Findings of the Baseline Socio-Economic Survey 5-2

5.2.1 Magnitude of Impacts 5-2

5.3 Key Socio-Economic Indicators 5-8

Chapter - 6 Impact Assessment 6-1


6.2 Impact on Physical Resources 6-1

6.2.1 Impact on Topography 6-1

6.3 Impact on Climate 6-1

6.4 Impact on Environmental Resources 6-1

6.4.1 Impact on Geology, Soils and Mineral Resources 6-1

6.4.2 Impact on Air Quality 6-2

6.4.3 Impact on Noise Levels 6-3

6.4.4 Impact on Water Resources 6-4

6.4.5 Impact on Water Quality 6-4

6.5 Impact on Ecological Resources 6-4

6.6 Socio-Economic Environment 6-5

6.6.1 Impact due to Land Acquisition 6-5

6.6.2 Impact on Archeologically Important Structures/ Monuments

6-5

6.6.3 Impact on Religious Structures, Cultural Properties and Community Assets

6-5

6.6.4 Health, Safety and Hygiene of Construction Workers 6-5

6.7 Other Impacts 6-5

Chapter - 7 Public Consultations 7-1

7.1 Background 7-1

7.2 Preliminary Consultations with PAFs 7-2

7.2.1 Issues Raised 7-2

7.3 Public Consultation with Persons living opposite to the AIR Land (in Railway land on the western side)

7-2


7.4 Preliminary Consultation with the host community 7-3


7.5 Preliminary Consultation with the Beneficiaries 7-3


7.6 Public Meeting with the Host Community 7-4


7.7 Public Meeting with the Beneficiaries 7-5

7.7.1 First Meeting 7-5

7.7.1.1 Issues Raised 7-5

7.7.2 Second Meeting 7-6


7.7.3 Third Meeting 7-7


7.8 Recommendations 7-7

7.9 Public Hearing 7-7

Chapter - 8 Mitigation Plan 8-1


8.2 Construction Phase 8-1

8.2.1 Impact on Air Quality 8-1

8.2.2 Impact on Noise Levels 8-2

8.2.3 Impact on Pedestrian Safety along the Transportation Links for Construction Vehicles

8-2

8.2.4 Impact on Micro Climate 8-2

8.2.5 Impact on Community Water Resources 8-3

8.2.6 Improvement of Water Resource 8-3

8.2.7 Storm Water Drainage 8-4

8.2.8 Health, Safety and Sanitation at Workers Camp 8-4

8.2.9 Improvement of Access Roads and Amenities at the Host Community

8-5

8.3 Operation Phase 8-10

8.3.1 Provision for Solid Waste Management 8-10

8.3.2 Maintenance of Quality of Life 8-11

8.3.3 Formation of Housing Society 8-11

8.4 Budgetary Requirements 8-15

Chapter – 9 Re-Habilitation Implementation Plan 9-1

9.1 Implementation Authority 9-1

9.2 NGO Recruitment 9-1

9.3 Project Supervision 9-2

9.4 Implementation 9-2

9.5 Co-ordination with civil works 9-2

9.6 Training and Development of Staff 9-2

9.7 Resettlement site 9-2

9.8 Steps in Implementation 9-4

9.9 Grievances Redressal Mechanism 9-4

9.10 Costs and Budget 9-4

9.11 Monitoring and Evaluation 9-5

Chapter – 10 Environmental Monitoring and Institutional Arrangement

10-1


10.2 Construction Phase Monitoring 10-1

10.3 Operation Phase Monitoring 10-1

10.4 Institutional Arrangement 10-2

10.5 Budget for Environmental Monitoring 10-2

10.6 Terms of reference for Environmental Monitoring 10-3

Annexure -1 Terms of Reference for Environmental Monitoring of TNSCB Tenements at All India Radio Site, Thiruvottiyur

Annexure -2 Indian Labour Rules and Acts

Annexure -3 Minutes of Public Hearing Meeting

Annexure -4 Details Break-up of Cost for Proposed Environmental Mitigation Measures

Annexure -5 List of Project Affected Families

Annexure -6 Samples of notices issued to the beneficiaries’ households

Annexure -7 List of Participants during Preliminary Consultations

Annexure -8 List of Participants during Public Meeting with Host Community

Annexure -9 List of Participants during Public Meeting with Beneficiaries Population

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Table of Contents

Section Title Page No

1.0 Preamble i 2.0 Location i 3.0 Proposed Master Plan of Project Site i 4.0 CRZ Considerations ii 5.0 Environmental Setting ii 6.0 Environmental Impacts and Mitigation iii 7.0 Social Assessment v 8.0 Public Consultation v 9.0 Rehabilitation Implementation Plan v 10.0 Environmental Monitoring vi 11.0 Budgetary for EMP and Environmental

Monitoring vi

i

Executive Summary

1.0 Preamble Tamil Nadu Slum Clearance Board (TNSCB) has taken a major initiative for construction of 5640 multi storeyed tenements at All India Radio (A.I.R.) Land Thiruvottriyur for the Tsunami affected slum dweller under the World Bank Assistance. Such a development, with an expected cost of about Rs. 98.7 Crores and providing housing to about 28,200 persons is a major housing project and as per the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF), EIA Notification of 1994 (amended in 2004) requires Environmental Clearance based on Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study. The proposed site is also close to the Bay of Bengal and falls within the CRZ II. However, as the site is located on the landward side of the existing Ennore Express Highway, As per Para 6(2)-CRZ-II(i) , buildings shall be permitted only on the landward side of the existing road. Further, as the project is being funded through the World Bank, it has also been assessed for its compliance with the environmental and social safeguards requirement of the Bank. This executive summary presents the salient findings of the Environmental and Social Assessment of proposed project. 2.0 Location The site at A.I.R Land is located in survey number BL 32, T.S. No. 3 at Thiruvottriyur, Ambattur Taluk of Thiruvallur District. The site is surrounded by private lands with coconut plantations and a road leading to Manali Oil Refinery on the south, residential area and Ennore Express Highway on the east, fishermen colony on the west and encroachments abetting the site boundary on the north. The proposed site with an area of about 13.69 ha is a vacant piece of land, is provided with boundary walls all around and is free from encroachment. The land for the project is now in procession of TNSCB. The site is in level with the surrounding ground area and is suitable for construction with out any filling. 3.0 Proposed Master Plan of Project Site The site will house 5640 tenements in an area of 13.69 hectares. The project layout will be provided with internal road network having two roads 12m wide running east to west dividing the site in three equal parts, longitudinally and four cross roads 7.2m and 12 m wide running north-south. Further the site will be provided with access from the Ennore Express Highway. Land use distributions details for the site are presented in Table below:

Land Use Distribution for Project Layout

Sr.No Land use Area (Ha) Percentage 1 Residential 5.8 42.34 2 Park 1.19 8.7 3 Public Purpose 2.08 15.19 4 Commercial 0.7 5.11 5 Roads 3.92 28.66 Total 13.69 100

ii

4.0 CRZ Considerations The proposed site of construction falls under CRZ II. As per Para 6(2)-CRZ-II(i) , buildings shall be permitted only on the landward side of the existing road or roads proposed in the approved Costal Zone Management Plan of the area or on the landward side of the existing authorized structures. In this connection, the proposal of TNSCB has been forwarded to Ministry of Environment and Forest, Government of India by the State Costal Zone Management Authority vide letter No. RC No.P1/2905/2006 dated 26.09.06 for necessary clearance. 5.0 Environmental Setting The project site is located north of Chennai and bounded closely by Ennore Manali Road and Ennore Express Highway and Bay of Bengal. Topography The project site and areas within 5km radius is located on a flat terrain except the Bay of Bengal on the eastern side within a distance of 200 to 400 meters from the eastern boundary of the site Climate The climate is characterized by typical coastal climate with high humidity and annual average temperature in the range of 32 degree Celsius. The project experiences rainfall in the Southwest and Northeast monsoons. The annual rainfall is in the range of about 1230 mm. Rainfalls are characterized by heavy downpour resulting in water logging in low-lying areas. Gales and cyclones are experienced during the northeast monsoon. Air Quality The site is located about 300-400m away from the Ennore express highway and Ennore manali road, the significant source of air and noise pollution in the region will be due to vehicular traffic. The air quality observations made at the site is presented Table below

Air Quality Observations at AIR Project site

Average Value Sr.No Parameters Site 1

At the Centre of SiteSite 2

Ernavur Road SideSite 3

Bharathiyar Nagar

1 SPM 45.81 79.67 47.27 2 RSPM 34.32 65.77 36.73 3 SO2 7.63 22.13 8.10 4 NO2 10.49 17.90 12.77

iii

Noise Level The noise level observation made at 3 locations are presented in Table below

Noise Level Observations at AIR Project site

S.No Location Day Average

(db(A)) Night Average

(db(A))

1 Centre of AIR Site 56 49 2 Ernavur Road side 69 64 3 Residential Area 62 50

4 Limits in (db(A)) Residential 55 45

The observation indicates that the air quality at AIR Project site is well within the standards. The nosie level however is slightly above the day and night time standards. This excess in noise level above the standards is however marginal and is not likely to adversely impact the sleep during the night hours or interfere in the normal day time functions at the resettlement colony. Water Quality The nearest surface water body to the site is Backingham Canal located on the west. The water quality of the canal is not suitable for construction or drinking purpose. However the ground water quality at the site is within the standards for supply for potable purpose. The water quality observations indicate low hardness (150 ppm) and low Total Dissolved Solids levels (305 ppm). The water quality is also free from bacterial pollution. Archeological and Ecological Significance The site does not have any archeologically important structure in near vicinity and does not support any ecologically important floral or faunal species. Socio-economic Conditions The project area is located very close to the Ennore Express Highway and the area west of the highway is already witnessing industrial growth including container depots. Government of Tamil Nadu is already undertaking a project of construction of groin perpendicular to the coast to protect the shore against sea erosion and widen the Ennore Express Highway. This development will give rise to further industrial growth in this area. The adjoining areas are predominantly inhabited by working population employed in the neighboring industry and fishing community. The rapid growth of the area has also given rise to employment opportunities in construction sector. 6.0 Environmental Impacts and Mitigation The proposed project is primarily a medium scale construction project and will have moderate impacts in terms of degradation due to deterioration of air and noise quality at the site and the roads. The resources requirement during construction is presented in Table below.

iv

Resources Requirement for Construction

Sr.No Item Quanity 1 Water 120 kld 2 Sand 112850 cum 3 Blue Metal 57050 cum 4 Bricks 90720 cum 5 Cement 29220 tons 6 Steel 2200 tons 7 Labour 575 per day

Mitigation measures have been provided by way of improvement to haul roads, identification of suitable approach roads from Ennore Express Highway to the site which will minimize the concentration of impacts and restriction on noise generating activities during the day and night near the residential area. In addition internal road network of the colony will be black topped to minimize the dust pollution due to the movement of vehicles during the construction. During the operation phase provision of sufficient water supply, management of wastewater, surface water are of primary concern. The estimated quantities of water requirement, sewage and solid waste generation or presented in Table below.

Water Requirement and Sewage and Solid Waste Generation During Operation Phase

Sr.No Item Quantity 1 Water Requirement 1200 KL per day 2 Sewage Generation 980 KL per day 3 Solid Waste 7.5 tons per day

The water requirement to the extent of 80% of the total requirement during the operation face will be met through supply by Metro Water. The balance 20% of the water requirement of the settlement can be met through ground water source. For this purpose a scheme of six wells and sumps distributed over the project site has been envisaged. To provide improved water availability to the host community, public fountains have also been planned. The resettlement colony will be fully sewered and the sewage will be collected and let into STP at Tiruvottiyur. For regular collection of solid waste generation in the colony as well as the in the host community, a provision of a corpus of Rs.50 lakhs has been made to finance initial investment for purchase of tricycles that will be used for house to house collection of solid waste and partial contribution for wages of waste collectors. The collected waste will be taken to Kodungaiyur waste disposal site through hired trucks. It is proposed that wet and dry waste will be collected at different times to encourage the habit of segregation of waste by the households. In order to safeguard the residential population due from the negative impact of movement of construction vehicles, construction phase environmental management plan provides for

v

improving the access to the site from the Ernavur-Manali road and from the north-east corner of the site connecting Ennore Road towards avoiding the residential areas. 7.0 Social Assessment The baseline socio-economic survey identified 76 households (70 residential households and 6 absentee owners (Non Resident Owners (NROs)) who come once in a month to collect rent) (287 project affected persons) as project-affected families (PAFs). The survey was under taken during the month of June 2006. Considering the PAFs are living adjoining the AIR site and all affected structures are being used for residential purpose, provision of a housing unit to each of the affected families will be adequate to help the PAFs regain and improve their socio-economic status. It is further observed that there is about 6 number of non-resident owners. These owners being encroachers and not using the structure as shelter for own use will not be entitled for housing unit but will be paid replacement value of the structure at the scheduled rate and a solatium of 30% per cent. 8.0 Public Consultations Under this assignment, consultations were held with Three groups of project affected families; (i) occupants of residential houses adjoining the project site (Host Community) (ii) families who live west of the project site in unauthorized hutments (Project Affected Families) (iii) the beneficiaries residing at the Cellcriet Block Factory Site (earlier living in Kargil Nagar) and at various locations along the sea coast to the north of the Chennai city. This section presents the salient details of the issues and concerns raised by the three groups of population and the mitigation/redial measures that have been built in the environmental management plan. The primary concerns expressed by the public are listed below: Beneficiary population expressed the desire to be provided with basic amenities such as water supply, electricity, street lighting and schooling for their children. Necessary provisions have been incorporated in the project layout and design. The host community expressed the need for the following amenities:

• Extension of sewerage to the host community area • Provision of community toilets for women and men • Control on abstraction of ground water by the resettled community and • Provision of police out post to provide a sense of security.

Adequate measures to address the quality of infrastructure and facilities have been already provided in the EMP for the project. 9.0 Rehabilitation Implementation Plan It is proposed that the TNSCB will constitute Project Implementing Unit (PIU) which will be under the direction of the Executive Engineer, Vysarpadi Division, TNSCB, who is responsible for coordination of all components of ‘Tenements for Tsunami affected at All India Radio Site in Thiruvottiyur’. The PIU will be staffed with an Officer – Resettlement and Rehabilitation of the rank of Assistant Engineer (AE-RR) from the same Divisional Office. The AE-RR will be

vi

supported by one Community Development staff drawn from TNSCB head office, familiar with consultation and relocation activities, for a period of three months (intermittently) or till the end of the implementation of the RP. Since this project involves allotment of tenements in the proposed project as resettlement measure for 70 PAHs and providing livelihood assistance to 2 PAHs, there is no need for a separate NGO to facilitate the RP implementation and the same can be undertaken by the community development officer of TNSCB who will be involved in the implementation of this RP. The cost of RP is Rs.3.56 lakhs. 10.0 Environmental Monitoring In the context of this project, the negative environmental impacts, although minor, will be experienced during the construction period. The environmental monitoring therefore focuses on construction phase and aims to give an indication of level of compliance with the recommended mitigation measures. In addition to direct observations of environmental parameters, periodic inspection to ensure compliance with good construction practice is also recommended. During the operation phase, the recommended monitoring is limited to visual observations on the site to see that the infrastructure facilities are working appropriately and testing of water quality in the sumps and wells. TNSCB will hire a environmental consulting firm to undertake the monitoring and prepare reports for submission to the World Bank. The consulting firm will also write the terms of Reference for environmental monitoring by a reputed monitoring firm with NABL accreditation and supervise the monitoring. The consulting form will also undertake visual observations and questionnaire based survey to ensure adequate provision and maintenance of supporting infrastructure. 11.0 Budgets for EMP and Environmental Monitoring Estimated cost of implementing recommended environmental management measures is Rs.426.75 lakhs. The cost of environmental management plan should be been fully factored in the project cost. The over all budgetary provision of Rs.5.52 lakhs for environmental monitoring during the construction phase and Rs.4.08 lakhs per year during the operation phase has been made.

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Final Report on Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for Construction of Tenements at All India Radio Land, Thiruvottriyur CHAPTER 1

1-1

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background Tamil Nadu Slum Clearance Board (TNSCB) has taken a major initiative for construction of 5640 multi storeyed tenements at All India Radio (A.I.R.) Land Thiruvottriyur for the Tsunami affected slum dweller under the World Bank Assistance. Such a development, with number of persons to be rehabilitated exceeding 1000, qualifies as a major project as per the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) norms and essentially requires Environmental Impact Assessment EIA clearance. The proposed site is close to the Bay of Bengal and is partially falling within the CRZ II. It is therefore also necessary to investigate the proposed development from the point of view of CRZ notification. Funding for the project is through the World Bank and hence it is of significant importance to ensure the compliance of the project with the Environmental and Social Safeguards of the World Bank. In this context, it is important to assess the social impacts of land acquisition of the project and recommend adequate mitigation. The assignment of “Environment and Social Assessment for the Construction of Tenements at All India Radio Land, Thiruvottriyur”, thus, is to assess and evaluate environmental and social issues related to the project and provide an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) and Resettlement Implementation Plan (RIP) for their adequate mitigation. Through this process it is expected that the proposed development be in compliance with the National environment regulations and World Bank Safeguards. 1.2 Objective The objective of Environmental and Social Assessment Report is to present an evaluation of environmental and social impacts of the project with supporting information on project alternatives and baseline environment to assist the World Bank to take an informed view on environmental and social sensitivity of the project and the level of required mitigations measures to meet Bank’s environmental and social norms for funding such projects. To facilitate the process, the Report, also presents a detailed EMP and RIP that should prove adequate to address Bank’s environmental and social safeguards. The report also details the outcome of stakeholder consultation with beneficiary, host and impacted communities and incorporates their concerns while recommending the mitigation measure. In addition, the report also details the environmental monitoring programme that should be put in operation during construction and operation phases of the project to provide a timely feedback on the adequacy of recommended mitigation measures. 1.3 Scope As per the understanding of Ecosmart, following are the important elements of the assignment:

Identify all significant construction and operation phase activities that can lead to negative environmental impacts in terms of air and noise pollution, water pollution, visual intrusion, community severance, impacts on vegetation and land degradation;

Undertake quantitative/qualitative assessment of environmental impacts to provide requisite

understanding of such impacts to all stakeholders and identify environmental management measures that will restrict the negative impacts to acceptable level during the construction and operation of the project;


1-2

Identify and suggest cost effective measures to upgrade and develop the environmental quality at the project location in a sustainable manner;

Conduct stakeholder consultations in the form of Focus Group Discussions and public

consultation meetings to present, discuss and obtain suggestions on recommended environmental and social management plan before its finalization;

Provide a realistic estimate of cost for environmental and social management measures; and

Integrate the environmental management measures and resettlement action plan with the

project construction schedule and provide recommendation in a manner that can be included in construction contracts with clearly assignable responsibility and monitoring mechanism.

1.4 Methodology The Environmental and Social Assessment Report has been prepared following the steps listed below: 1.4.1 Familiarization with the Project At the initial stages of the project, a site visit and reconnaissance survey was undertaken. Based on the findings Intermediate Status Report was submitted. This report and study methodology was discussed with the client to obtain further clarity of its scope. 1.4.2 Identification of Impacts Based on the reconnaissance survey, secondary data, existing site conditions environmental scoping was carried out and all relevant environmental and social issues requiring investigations during the EIA were identified. This was followed by the coverage of these impacts in the EIA report and enhancement of EMP and environmental monitoring plan wherever necessary. A Baseline Socio-economic Survey (BSS) and consultations with Project Affected Persons (PAP), was undertaken to assess the social impact and to prepare the requisite RIP. Based on the impact assessment, a project categorization for environmental and social due diligence has been recommended following the World Bank guidelines. 1.4.3 Recommendation for EMP, RP, Environmental Monitoring and RIP

In order to mitigate the negative environmental and social impacts, cost effective mitigation measures were identified based on good international practices. The detailed plan for the management of environmental components during construction and operation phase was then formulated in the form of an Environmental Management Plan (EMP). Environmental monitoring requirements to ensue assess effectiveness of recommended environmental measures and compliance with environmental standards together with the institutional arrangements for their implementation has been recommended. Also the findings of BSS and preliminary consultation were presented. The findings of the study were submitted to the client in the form of a “Immediate Status Report” and recommended environmental measures were further refined. This report presents the final recommendations for EMP, RP, Environmental Monitoring and RIP. This also includes necessary steps to overcome the infrastructural bottleneck in older settlements and to meet the requirements for continued livelihood and children’s’ education of the beneficiary population at their present location.


1-3

1.5 Structure of the Report The Final Environmental and Social Assessment Report is organized in Ten chapters. Introduction is presented in Chapter 1 The introduction provides a background to the project and describes the objective of this document. The methodology adopted for the assignment and organization of the report is also presented in this chapter. Chapter 2 presents the environmental laws and social laws applicable to the project. This chapter summarizes the environmental and social legislations having a bearing on the project and the interface needed between the Government Departments and the project for requisite approvals and consents of the respective agencies. Chapter 3 Project Description, contains a description of the various proposed elements of the project viz. layout design, associated facilities, construction methodology and raw material requirement and provides the reader a comprehensive understanding of the project. Project component that causes dislocation are identified Chapter 4 describes the environmental components in the project area. The focus of this chapter is primarily on the existing physical, environmental and ecological resources and land use of the project area. It also contains baseline information on ambient air quality, noise level, water and soil quality of the project area. Chapter 5 presents the findings of the baseline socio-economic census survey conducted with the Project Affected Families. Chapter 6 presents the analysis of impacts on the environmental and social aspects of the project site as a result of the proposed development. Chapter 7 covers the public consultations and describes the outcome of consultation with the host community, people residing close to the site who may be affected by the movement of construction material and the project beneficiaries. The findings have been used to augment the EMP measures presented in Chapter 8. Chapter 8 is the key chapter of the report and presents the mitigation plan. Budget estimate for implementing the suggested measures is also provided. Chapter 9 presents the Rehabilitation Plan (RP) for the project affected families and the institutional setup required for the implementation of the plan. Chapter 10 covers the institutional and monitoring requirements to implement environmental mitigation measures and to assess their adequacy during project implementation. Budgetary provisions for environmental monitoring are also presented.

CHAPTER 2

ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATIONS AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK


2-1

CHAPTER 2

ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATIONS AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK 2.1 Introduction This chapter summarizes the environmental and social legislations having a bearing on the project and the coordination needed between TNSCB and the Government Departments for requisite approvals and consents of the respective agencies. 2.2 Statutes Related to Environment Various laws and policies of the Central (GoI) and the State Government having a bearing on the project are discussed below. 2.2.1 The Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972

This act is promulgated to provide for the protection of wild animals, birds and plants and for matters connected therewith. The Wildlife Protection Act has allowed the Government to establish a number of National Parks and Sanctuaries over the past 25 years, to protect and conserve the flora and fauna of the State. There are no Wild Life Sanctuaries and endangered flora and fauna in and around the project site. This act is therefore not applicable to the project. 2.2.2 Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 The basic objective of this Act is to maintain and restore the wholesomeness of the country's aquatic resources by prevention and control of pollution. Water is a state subject under the constitution. Consequently, the Water Act, a Central law, was enacted under Article 252(1) of the Constitution, which empowers the Union Government to legislate in a field reserved for the States. All the States have approved implementation of the water Act. As during construction, it is likely that the ground water quality and surface water quality may be altered. Therefore this act is applicable to the project. 2.2.3 The Forest (Conservation) Act, as amended in 1980

The Act pertains to the cases of diversion of forestland and felling of roadside plantation. Depending on the size of the tract to be cleared, clearances are applied for at the following governmental levels. a) Forest land Restrictions and clearance procedures proposed in the Forest (Conservation) Act apply wholly to the natural forest areas, even in case the protected/designated forest area does not have any vegetation cover. As the project site does not fall under designated forest areas, this Act is not applicable to the project. 2.2.4 The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 The Union Government under Article 253 of the Constitution passed this Statute. This Act provides for the prevention, control and abatement of air pollution and confers powers to the Central and State Pollution Control Board with a view to carry out the aforesaid purposes. This act is applicable on the project. The State Pollution Control Board is empowered to set air quality standards and monitor and prosecute offenders under the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981. The responsibility for monitoring vehicular air and noise pollution lies with the State Transport Authority


2-2

(STA), not with the PCB. During the construction phase, air quality may be impacted by the movement of vehicles for transportation of materials and manpower. Therefore this act is applicable. 2.2.5 The Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000

The Union Government has laid down statutory norms to regulate and control noise levels to prevent their adverse effects on human health and the psychological well being of the people. The rules titled Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000 have come into force at February 14, 2000. Under the new regulation, different areas and zones are to be identified as industrial, commercial, and residential or silence areas and anyone exceeding the specified noise level would be liable for action. In industrial areas, the noise level limit during the day time (6 am to 10 pm) is 75 decibels and during night (10 pm to 6 am) 70 decibels. Similarly, for commercial areas day time limit is 65 decibels and night limit is 55 decibels. In the case of residential areas, the limits are respectively 55 and 45 decibels and for the silence zones, 50 and 40 decibels. 2.2.6 Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 The Union Government under Article 253 of the Constitution passed this Statute. The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 seeks to achieve the objective of protection and improvement of environment and for matters connected therewith. This legislation enables the co-ordination of activities of the various regulatory agencies, setting up of an authority or authorities with advocate powers for environmental protection etc. This act is applicable on the project. The Amendment dated 4th May, 1994 of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 requires every promoter of major infrastructure projects, including road development, to prepare and submit Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) report for clearance before the project can be implemented. The proposed project does require environmental clearance from MOEF as projects that are worth 500 million rupees and above, or projects intended for 1000 persons or more or would discharge 50,000 litres or more of sewage, would require an EIA under the EIA notification act of 1986. 2.2.7 Coastal Regulation Zone Notification, 1991 Issued under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, coastal stretches have been defined as Coastal Regulation Zone and restrictions have been imposed on industries, operations and processes within the CRZ. For regulating development activities, the stretches within 500 metres of High Tide Line on the landward side are classified into four categories, namely:

• CRZ-I: (i) Areas that are ecologically sensitive and important, such as national parks/marine parks, sanctuaries, reserve forests, wildlife habitats, mangroves, corals/coral reefs, areas close to breeding and spawning grounds of fish and other marine life, areas of outstanding natural beauty/historically/heritage areas., areas rich in genetic diversity, areas likely to be inundated due to rise in sea level consequent upon global warning and such other areas, and (ii) Area between Low Tide Line and the high Tide Line.

• CRZ-II: The areas that have already been developed upto or close top the shoreline, For

this purpose, “developed area” is referred to as that area within the municipal limits or in other legally designated urban areas which are already substantially built up and which have been provided with drainage and approach roads and other infrastructural facilities, such water supply and sewerage mains.


2-3

• CRZ-III: Areas that are relatively undisturbed and those which do not belong to either CRZ-1 or CRZ-1I. These will include coastal zone in the rural areas (developed and undeveloped) and also areas within Municipal limits or in other legally designated urban areas which are not substantially built up.

• CRZ-IV: Coastal stretches in the Andaman & Nicobar, Lakshadweep and small islands,

except those designated as CRZ-I, CRZ-II or CRZ-III. The development or construction activities in different categories of CRZ area shall be regulated by the concerned authorities at the State/Union Territory level, in accordance with norms stipulated in the CRZ regulation and in the State/UT coastal zone management plan. As substantial part for the site falls in CRZ II, this Act is applicable to the project and clearance under the Act will be required from the local authorities. 2.2.8 Motor Vehicles Rules, 1989 In 1989, the Central Motor Vehicles Rules introduced nation wide emission levels for both petrol and diesel driven vehicles. Rule 115(1) requires that every motor vehicle be manufactured and maintained so that smoke, visible vapors, grits, sparks, ashes, cinders are not emitted when the vehicle is driven. Emission standards for petrol and diesel vehicles have been specified by the motor vehicles rules. This act is applicable. 2.3 Institutional Framework Development of environmental protection and enhancement measures in India has been determined to a considerable extent by the central legislation. The Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF), set up in 1980, is the controlling institution in this regard. The other institutions at the state levels that have a bearing on environmental management and regulations are discussed below. 2.3.1 Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board The TNPCB is the nodal body involved in monitoring the various industries and infrastructure related development projects from the angle of pollution control. It also formulates and stipulates the various standards for the various emissions, discharge of effluents, by-products and pollutants into the environment. The functions of the Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board (TNPCB) include advising the State Government on water pollution issues, enforcement and monitoring as per the Air Act, co-coordinating the activities of the regional offices of the pollution control board. It also issues “No Objection” Certificates (NOC) for establishment of new projects, environmental clearance of projects and conducting public hearing with respect to developmental projects. It also issues consent letters and NOC for projects involving expansion. The project site would come under its purview. The Project would require No Objection Certificate and clearance from the Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board under the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 and The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981.For large scale construction activities, an EIA (Environment Impact Assessment) is required, and needs clearance from the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF)


2-4

2.3.2 Local Body Administration According to the Tamil Nadu Municipalities and Urban Local bodies Act of 1920 and 1998, it is mandatory that any new development with in an urban local body administrative limit should get necessary approvals for its compliances with the minimum planning and building standards prescribed by the respective department. The site being a part of Thiruvottiyur Municipality limit would therefore require such approval. These standards basically govern the quality of construction and quality of life in the new developments. 2.4 Statutes related to Social Aspects This section deals with the laws relating to land acquisition, eligibility, valuation and compensation under the Emergency Tsunami Reconstruction Project. 2.4.1 Land Acquisition Act, 1894 (LAA) Acquisition of land area for the project development with in the country is governed by the land acquisition act of 1894. This Act provides sufficient safeguards to the constitutional safeguards that ‘no person shall be deprived of his property save by the Authority of Law’. Under the provisions of the Land Acquisition Act, 1894 (Central Act 1 of ‘1894), whenever the Government requires land for a public purpose and for companies, the State is empowered to acquire land. The following will be taken into account while determining the compensation a) Market value of land on the date of 4(1) notification. b) Damage to crops or trees. c) Damage sustained due to severance of land. d) Damage sustained by other property on account of acquisition. e) Incidental expenses for relocation. f) Twelve percent per annum on market value from the date of 4(1) notification to date of award or

the date of taking possession of the land, whichever is earlier. g) Thirty percent solatium on the market value of the land, in consideration of the compulsory

nature of the acquisition. Relevance in this project Since there is no acquisition of private land in this project and the project involves only transfer of government land, the LA Act is not applicable. 2.4.2 National Policy on Resettlement and Rehabilitation (NPRR) This policy is prepared by Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India in 2003 and was notified in February 2004. The “National Policy on Resettlement and Rehabilitation” stipulates the minimum facilities to be ensured for persons displaced due to acquisition of land for public purposes. The objectives of the Policy are: a) To minimize displacement and to identify alternatives that lead to no displacement or least

displacement; b) To plan the resettlement and rehabilitation of PAPs, including special needs of tribal and

vulnerable sections; c) To provide improved standard of living to APs; and d) To facilitate harmonious relationship between the requiring body and APs. This policy is applicable to projects where over 500 families are displaced.


2-5

The Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India has prepared a “Draft National Rehabilitation Policy 2006”. The objectives of the Policy are as follows: a) To minimize displacement and to promote, as far as possible, non displacing or least displacing

alternatives; b) To ensure adequate rehabilitation package and expeditious implementation of the rehabilitation

process with the active participation of displaced persons; c) To ensure that special care is taken for protecting the rights of, and ensuring affirmative State

action for weaker segments of society, especially members of SCs and STs and to create obligations on the State for their treatment with concern and sensitivity;

d) To provide a better standard of living to displaced families; e) To integrate rehabilitation concerns into the development planning and implementation process;

and f) Where displacement is on account of land acquisition, to facilitate harmonious relationship

between the Requiring Body and displaced persons through mutual cooperation. 2.4.3 World Bank’s Policy on Involuntary Resettlement The World Bank’s policy on Involuntary Resettlement (OP 4.12) covers those displaced by the project’s activities. The policy aims at avoiding or minimising displacement and where displacement is unavoidable, affected people, irrespective of their legal status, to be a) Compensated for their loss at full replacement cost, b) Consulted and assisted in the move and supported during the transition period, and c) Assisted in their efforts to improve their former living standards, income earning capacity and

production levels, or atleast to restore them. A displaced person is defined as one who is affected due to involuntarily taking of land from the person resulting in a) Relocation or loss of shelter; b) Loss of assets or access to assets; or c) Loss of income sources or means of livelihood, whether or not the affected persons must move

to another location; or The involuntary restriction of access to legally designated parks and protected areas resulting in adverse impacts on the livelihoods of the displaced persons. 2.4.4 Social Management Framework under Emergency Tsunami Rehabilitation Project

(ETRP) The compensation provided under the Land Acquisition Act may not reflect the current market price. Further, land acquisition is a time consuming process and unless land is acquired through private negotiation, payment of compensation gets delayed. This sometimes leads to indebtedness and chronic unemployment or under employment resulting in poor living standards. Further, neither LA Act nor the Nation Policy on R&R recognizes squatters. In view of these factors GoTN in consultation with The World Bank has prepared the ‘Environmental and Social Management Framework’ (ESMF) for all projects funded under ETRP. The ESMF confirms to the social safeguard policy on involuntary resettlement (OP 4.12) of The World Bank. The ESMF aims at assisting the PAPs in their efforts to improve their livelihood and standards of living or atleast to restore them, in real terms, to levels prevailing prior to the beginning of project implementation.


2-6

Eligibility for Benefits Project Affected Persons (PAPs) are defined as persons whose livelihood or shelter is directly affected by the project activities due to acquisition of the land owned or used by them. PAPs deemed eligible for compensation are: a) Those who have formal legal rights to land, water resources or structures/buildings, including

recognized customary and traditional rights; b) Those who do not have such formal legal rights but have a claim to usufruct rights rooted in

customary law; and c) Those whose claim to land and water resources or building/structures do not fall within (a) and

(b) above, are eligible to resettlement assistance to restore their livelihood. Involuntary Resettlement Support Principles The project implementation agencies will ensure timely provision of compensation and resettlement assistance to the project affected peoples. The following are the key principles. a) Any resettlement will be carried out as a sustainable development project; b) Replacement land with an equally productive plot, cash or other equivalent productive assets; c) Materials and assistance to fully replace solid structures that will be demolished; d) Incase of temporary loss of access to lands, compensation in the form of lease rent will be paid; e) Replacement of damaged or lost crops and trees, at replacement cost; f) Project affected people whose remaining land holding become uneconomical will be offered an

option to acquire residual lands and will be provided long term economic rehabilitation assistance.

g) Individuals may elect to voluntarily contribute land or assets provided the persons making such contributions do so willingly and are informed that they have the right to refuse such contributions;

h) In case of physical relocation, alternative provisions for replacement of houses with adequate basic civic amenities at the resettlement sites.

Entitlements for PAFs The entitlement for different category of impacts as provided in the ESMF of GoTN is given hereunder.

Type of Impact Support Principles

Loss of land and immovable assets

The Government will compensate the lost assets at their replacement cost

The option of voluntary donation is available to the asset owners

Loss of House and Shelter

Every effort will be made by the Government to ensure that new housing is available before people are required to relocate.

If resettlement sites are developed close to the existing villages the local “host population” will also be consulted about their views and needs, and be given appropriate support to reduce any negative impact caused by an influx of new people.


2-7

Type of Impact Support Principles

Loss of Livelihood or Income Opportunities

Assistance will be given to the affected population to reestablish their livelihood and income, and to compensate for temporary losses.

Group Based Development Opportunities

Through designs, provision of infrastructure, and other support mechanisms, the project will replace lost assets and minimize any negative impact on groups, particularly groups that are considered vulnerable.

Targeted Support to Vulnerable Groups

Vulnerable groups will be provided with additional options and support mechanism than those not considered vulnerable.

Unidentified impacts

Unforeseen impacts will be documented and mitigation measures based on the principle of ESMF will be proposed

2.5 Environment and Social Management Framework Requirements Since the World Bank, is funding the Project for Tsunami affected persons, it needs to be in concurrence of the ESMF requirements. The ESMF will support the Government of India, Tamilnadu and Pondicherry to revive the livelihoods and promote recovery in the Tsunami affected areas. The project will support repair and reconstruction, livelihood restoration, restoration of damaged Agri-horticultural lands, repair/reconstruct damaged infrastructure in animal husbandry sector, and repair, reconstruct, upgrade public buildings and works, and provide technical assistance, training and project management. Under the ESMF the following steps have to be carried out that are found relevant to this project: a. Screening Process This is the first step in the ESMF Process. The main objective is to identify subprojects, which have little or no environmental or social issues so that they can move to implementation in accordance with pre-approved standards or codes of practices or other pre-approved guidelines for environmental and social management. The screening process requires consideration of the guidelines provided in the detailed ESMF document b. Consultations and Disclosure The ESMF is based on a participatory approach. The government will ensure that the affected people are consulted in a meaningful way and allowed to participate actively in the consultation process. Therefore all stakeholders including the host communities and the project beneficiaries would have to be consulted before implementing the project. A No Objection Certificate would have to be obtained from the TNPCB as well as the concerned agencies under the following Acts, whichever is applicable, as mentioned in the ESMF for housing construction activities.

1. Water and Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Acts 2. Environment (Protection Act), 1986 and Environmental Impact Notification, 1994 3. Forest Conservation Act, 1980 4. Ancient Monuments an d Archeological Sites and Remains Act, 1958 5. Coastal Regulation Zone Regulations, 1991(amended 2002) 6. Tamilnadu Groundwater (Development and Management) Bill, 2000 7. Tamilnadu Town and Country Planning Act, 1971


2-8

8. Tamilnadu Panchayats Act, 1994 2.6 Responsibilities of the Project Promoter The responsibility of initiating actions leading to issuance of environmental clearance or obtaining clearance under CRZ notification and NOC/Consent for establishing and operating a proposed project vests with the project promoter. In the present instance, TNSCB would be carrying the legal responsibilities of the project promoter. The basic responsibility of the project promoter is to prepare and submit complete project information in all respect to the relevant local authorities and State Pollution Control Board. It shall be obliged to provide clarification, with or without additional documentation, when intimated by the designated authority. It must carry the commitment that no deviation from designed project would be made during implementation without prior and explicit permission of the designated authority to do so.

CHAPTER 3

PROJECT DESCRIPTION


3-1

CHAPTER 3

PROJECT DESCRIPTION Tamil Nadu Slum Clearance Board (TNSCB) has taken a major initiative for construction of 5640 multi storeyed tenements at AIR land in Thiruvottriyur for Tsunami affected slum dwellers with World Bank Assistance. The Project aims to rehabilitate slum dwellers from various Tsunami affected areas of Chennai City. 3.1 Criteria for Selection of Site The tsunami-affected areas in Chennai have been spread over the entire coastline. The affected population has been primarily fishermen and the remaining population too had work associated with the fishing activities or the coastal infrastructure. Therefore, the priority while identifying the lands for the resettlement of the affected population was to locate them as close as possible to the seacoast. Due to the limited availability of land within the Chennai City, effort were made to identify land parcels along the seacoast, in the Northern and Southern parts, adjacent to the Chennai. Only four land parcels, two in the northern side (AIR site and BSNL site) and two in the southern side (Okkium and Samancherry) could be identified in the process and were found to be sufficiently large to accommodate the affected population. As these identified land parcels provided just adequate capacity to accommodate the affected population, the choice of selection was limited. Because of these given conditions the environmental and social considerations at these land parcels primarily focused in identifying the important issues, their impacts and recommend adequate mitigation measures, to ensure that the proposed development does not have any adverse impacts at the site and at the host community. In view of the limited availability of sites for re-settlement, the primary criteria for selection was the availability of adequate lands with minimum encumbrances to ensure that the secondary resettlement impacts related to the site were minimum. It was considered that any other environmental and social impacts of the proposed development would be adequately managed through suitable mitigation measures. The AIR site was considered to be one of the best sites for the re-habilitation for the following season:

1. The site was totally free of encroachments. 2. The site was totally devoid of vegetation and therefore environmental impacts in terms

of tree cutting and removal of vegetation were totally absent 3. The site is very close to the Chennai City and has very good road and rail connectivity

thus providing easy access to the work places of the beneficiaries. 4. The site is located close to the seacoast and is one of those areas, which is witnessing

fastest economic growth in Chennai, and thus provides opportunities for economic rehabilitation of the beneficiaries.

3.2 Site Location The site is located at Thiruvottriyur, Ambathur Taluk in Thiruvallure District. It is bounded by TAMIN Land at South, PWD land encroached by slum dwellers at North, MUDP scheme at West and Ernavur Road on the East. The proposed site with an area of about 13.69 ha, is


3-2

adjacent to Ennore Expressway and the Ernavur over bridge. Key location map of the site is presented in Figure 3.1. 3.3 Site Description The site is a barren land with no cultivation or habitations. The site is free from any kind of occupancy. The site is in close proximity to the Bay of Bengal. The site is not very low lying and has excellent surface drainage therefore flooding due to rains is not a serious issue. The site can be approached by 4 roads, of which only one road is wide enough, but encroached by slum dwellers. The remaining access roads are too narrow, and cannot serve as approach roads for such a large housing colony unless widened. The details of the approach roads are presented in Figure 3.1. 3.4 Coastal Regulation Zone The CRZ Notification 1991 (as amended on May 21, 20021) restricts any development activity within the Coastal Regulation Zone. With respect to the open coastal stretches, the Notification specifies the width of the Coastal Regulation Zone as 500 m from the HTL. The Notification also defines the category of CRZ based on its environmental sensitivity and developmental status. The CRZ areas that fall in designated municipal areas and developed areas up to near the shore are categorized as CRZII. The “developed areas” in this context are defined as substantially built-up and provided with drainage, approach roads, sewers, water supply and infrastructure facilities. The areas that less developed or fall in rural areas are categorized as CRZ III. The proposed area as per TNSCB’s discussions with CMDA fall under CRZ-II and can be used for the proposed development. Necessary approval for construction has already been sought by the TNSCB from the MoEF, GoI. 3.5 Site Suitability As the funding for the project is through the World Bank, it is desirable that a Level 1 Site Assessment be carried out. Essentially, the objective of a Level 1 Site Assessment is to ascertain if any cleanup or remediation of the site from hazardous materials is required. If any evidence of hazardous material disposed in the site is seen, a Level 2 Site Assessment is required. For this purpose a complete walkthrough of the site was conducted and the environmental features in the site and surrounding areas were noted. The findings of the Level 1 Site Assessment indicate that:

• The site is a virgin land with no evidence of hazardous activity undertaken at any time in the past.

• The site is a complete plain area with no evidence of clandestine burial of industrial waste.

• No habitations were seen in the site and hence no resettlement of Project Affected Families arises.

In view of the above, the site does not require any further investigation from the point of view of Level 2 Site Assessment.


3-3

Figure 3.1: Key Location Map


3-4

3.6 Proposed Master plan of Project Site The Tamilnadu Slum Clearance Board has proposed 5640 tenements in an area of 13.70 hectares. The proposed layout for the planned development at the site is shown n Figure 3.2 and 3.3. The tenements are to be constructed as 235 blocks, with each block comprising 24 units in buildings that are Ground plus three storeyed structures. The density of the site is 412 dwelling units/hectare, with a Floor Space Index of 0.90 and plot coverage of 22.54%. The site is organized in a rectilinear way with a large central park in the middle and the commercial units located facing the road. The land use details are provided below:

Table 3.1: Land-use Breakup of the Project Site

Use Area in

Hectares Percentage

Residential 5.80 42.34 Park 1.19 8.70 Public 2.08 15.18 Commercial 0.70 5.11 Road 3.93 28.67

Total 13.70 100 3.7 Potable Water Supply It is proposed that potable water for the project site, during its operational phase, would be supplied by the Chennai Metro Water Supply and Sewerage Board (CMWSSB) from the water main running at a distance of 0.8 kms from the project site. Water from the CMWSSB source would be collected in a 15 lakh liter capacity underground sump built within the project site and would be supplied to the over head tanks located at each block through distribution network. 3.8 Sewerage System It is proposed that the sewage and the wastewater from the tenements would be collected through an underground sewerage system. The collected sewage would be pumped to the Thiruvottriyur sewerage treatment plant, which is located at a distance of 3 km from the project site, for treatment and disposal. The location of the sewage collection area is marked in Figure 3.2. 3.9 Solid Waste Management Solid waste management in the project site would be the responsibility of Thiruvottriyur Municipality. However, it is observed that the solid waste management in the nearby communities is very poor. Hence, a detailed solid waste management plan for the project site is proposed as a part of the proposed EMP. It is proposed that the provision of solid waste collection should also be extended to the host community.


3-5

Figure 3.2: Proposed Layout for Construction of Tenements at A.I.R. Site

Proposed Sewage Collection area


3-6

Figure 3.3: Proposed Plan of a Typical Residential Block


3-7

3.10 Access to the Project Site The Ernavur-Manali road running on the south side and the Ennore road running on the east and north east side of the project site are the two major roads in the area and the project site is accessed through approach roads originating from these two roads. The access roads to the east side of the project site connecting the Ennore road are 4-5m wide on average and passes through residential areas. It is observed that these approach roads could not be used for heavy vehicle movement transporting the construction materials. The access road to the south side of the project site connecting the Ernavur-Manali road is 5.75m wide. This road is bounded by residential development on the east and TAMIN land on the west. It is observed that this road could be potentially used for the transportation of construction materials to the project site by restricting the traffic on the road as one-way system. The approach road along the western boundary of the project site connecting the Ernavur-Manali road is 7-10m wide on average and flanked by encroachments on both sides. It would be necessary to relocate the encroachments in temporary shelters if this road is to be used for transportation of construction materials to the site. It has been decided by TNSCB that this road will be widened only after resettlement of PAPs in permanent dwelling constructed for the project. The road therefore will not be used to carry the construction material to the site. It is observed that the distance to the Ennore road from the north-east corner of the project site is only about 35 meters and the site plan provides connectivity to this road. It is observed that by removing a toilet block the road can be sufficiently widened to allow one-way traffic of construction vehicles to the site. The EMP recommends necessary mitigation measures for construction of alternate toilets and use of this road as one of the main entry to the site during the construction phase. 3.11 Other Infrastructure Development It is proposed that the internal roads within the project site would be constructed as per the standard specifications proposed by the Ministry of Surface Transportation (MoST), GoI. Surface storm water drains are proposed on either side of the road as per the TNPCB standards for the collection of storm water runoff from the roads and the adjacent areas. Considering the soil profile of the project site, which is highly pores in nature (ref. section 4.3), it is proposed that

Figure 3.4: Typical Section of a Rain Water Harvesting Pit


3-8

the storm water would be disposed through appropriate rainwater harvesting methods. Rainwater harvesting pits are proposed at individual residential block level and at site level along the roads and the opens spaces for this purpose. Figure 3.4 presents the typical section of a proposed rain water-harvesting pit. 3.12 Estimation of Quantities of Materials for Construction of Tenements 3.12.1 Foundation Based on the soil tests carried out by Anna University, the foundation for the building will be in R.C.C. raft foundation. At basement intermediate beams such as grade beams and plinth beams are provided. In addition there is continuous lintel all-round and beams at each floor /roof level. 3.12.2 Brick Work in CM 1:5 and CM 1:6 The brickwork in brick walls at ground floor will be 34cm thick in CM 1:5 is adopted and the brick wall in all other upper floors will be 23cm thick. The height of basement proposed is 0.63 m from the formation level. For superstructure, brickwork of 230 mm thickness is adopted in CM 1:6. The height of brickwork adopted for each storey is 2.80m. A parapet wall is also proposed for a height of 0.61m. 3.12.3 RCC works in 1: 1½: 3 Grade beams, continuous lintels are to be provided for each storey in RCC 1: 1½: 3. Also floor and roof slabs and staircases are to be provided in RCC 1: 1½: 3. 3.12.4 Flooring Concrete in 1:5:10 Flooring concrete for the ground floor tenements are to be provided with 1:5:10 concrete using 40mm metal. Over which, plastered flooring in CM 1:4, 20mm thick will be provided. 3.12.5 Plastering Works in 1:5 All the internal and external wall plastering are to be carried out in CM 1:5, 12mm thick. 3.12.6 Steel Steel in used in RCC work only. This quantity is multiplied by 80 kg/m3 to arrive at steel quantity. Based on this number of Trucks are calculated by dividing the quantity by 10 Tonnes. 3.12.7 Water for Construction The quantity of water for construction is calculated at the rate of 30 liters /cement bag. It is further assumed that 12kl tankers will bring water for construction. 3.12.8 Potable Water CMWSSB has agreed to supply fresh water for drinking. However provision is also made for construction of 6 nos of 6m dia and 6m deep well coupled with a sump of 50000 kl capacity with


3-9

suitable pumping arrangements at six different locations covering the entire area. From the sumps water will be pumped to individual tanks located on the roof of each block. Each block will have 18 small Sintex tanks.

Table 3.1: Estimated Quantity of Material for Construction

No of Trucks Water Supply

in Tankers Description of Work

Quantity (cum)

Brick Metal Sand Steel Cement Earth Construction

Drinking

Brick Work in CM 1:6 90716.34 13607 ---- 4800.51 ---- 218.79 ----

RCC work in 1:2:4 concrete for Column footing, Beams and Roof Slab, etc

46911.15 ---- 7943.65 3972.54 ---- 540.54 ----

Flooring base concrete in 1:5:10 12483.90 ---- 2114.97 1058.2 ---- 58.63 ----

Plastering Walls & Floors in CM 1:5 16229.07 ---- ---- 2862.86 ---- 155.87 ----

Steel 2192.91 Tones ---- ---- 291.72 ---- ----

Total 13607 10059 12701 292 974 5480 45

3.13 Land for the Project The land earmarked for the project development falls under the survey number 3, block number 32 of Thiruvottiyur Village, Thiruvallur District. These survey number is originally owned by the revenue department and the land has been transferred to the TNSCB vide GO No.348 dated 30-05-2006. It is observed that the entire land for the project is under the procession of TNSCB and the land is entirely free from encroachments.

Foot Note: Brick is calculated at 3000nos per truck Sand is calculated at 5.67m3 per truck Metal is calculated at 5.67m3 per truck Steel is calculated at 10 Tones per truck Cement is calculated at 600 bags per truck Earth is calculated at 5.67m3 per truck Water required (through tankers) is 5480 tankers

CHAPTER 4

ENVIRONMENT SETTING


4-1

CHAPTER 4 ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING 4.1 Introduction This Project is intended for rehabilitation of Tsunami affected slum dwellers. The project aims to accommodate 5640 families at AIR land at Thiruvottriyur, on a plot having an area of 13.69 ha. The detailed master plan for the project has been developed by TNSCB and is presented in detail below. The other site characteristics, locational aspects is also described in detail below: 4.2 Topography The site is part of coastal plain of Tamil Nadu and is a flat sandy terrain. 4.3 Geology The area under study falls in a coastal alluvial region. The thickness of sediments is approximately 30m. These sediments contain sands, clays, silt and mixture of clay and sand in different proportions. The top 10-12m zone is predominantly sandy and forms moderately potential aquifers. Below this sandy layer, the formations contain more clay resulting in higher compactness and hence low permeability. Below the alluvium, hard rocks occur and the have limited disintegration. The water quality is good in the top sandy layers and tends to deteriorate with depth. The litho log of the project site is presented in Figure 4.1. 4.3.1 Soil Type The soil is typical coastal alluvium. The soil type ranges from fine sand to sandy clay loam. The sand percentage ranges from 42% to 52%. The soil profile and the litholog of the project site are presented in Figure 4.1. 4.4 Seismic Zone The city of Chennai lies in seismic zone III. 4.5 Climate The climate is characterized by typical coastal climate with high humidity and annual average temperature in the range of 32 degree Celsius. The project experiences rainfall in the Southwest and Northeast monsoons. The annual rainfall is in the range of about 1230 mm. Rainfalls are characterized by heavy downpour resulting in water logging in low-lying areas. Gales and cyclones are experienced during the northeast monsoon. 4.5.1 Micro Meteorology of the Project area A Meteorological station equipped with continuous monitoring equipment to record wind speed, wind direction, relative humidity, temperature was set-up at AIR site at the top of a commercial building about 6.0 m above ground level. The meteorological data at this location was monitored from 15th June to 20th June 2006. The monitoring observations are given below.


4-2

• Temperature The mean maximum temperature during the study period was observed to be 38.4°C whereas the mean minimum temperature was observed to be 23°C. • Relative Humidity The maximum and minimum relative humidity recorded during the study period is 88% and 30% respectively. • Wind Pattern Predominant winds are from south-west direction followed by winds from south direction. The winds from SW were observed for 45%-50% of the total time. The wind speeds were in the range of 5.1-11.0 Km/h for more than 80% of the time indicating wind conditions conducive for good dispersion and dilution of air pollutants. The windrose diagram were formulated based on the Monitoring observation for Monthly windrose, Daytime windrose and Nightime windrose and are presented in Figures 4.2, 4.3 and 4.4.

Figure 4.1: Litholog of the Project Site


4-3

Figure 4.2: Wind rose of the Project site

Figure 4.3: Day Time Wind rose Figure 4.4: Night Time Wind rose


4-4

4.5.2 Ambient Air Quality in the Project Area The ambient air quality with respect to the study area forms the baseline information. The sources of air pollution in the region are vehicular traffic and anthropogenic activities by residing population. The prime objective of the baseline air quality study was to establish the existing ambient air quality of the area. This will also be useful for assessing the conformity to the standards of the ambient air quality during the construction and operation of the proposed project. The baseline status of the ambient air quality has been established through a scientifically designed ambient air quality monitoring network and is based on the following considerations:

• Meteorological conditions on synoptic scale; • Topography of the study area; • Representative of background air quality for obtaining baseline status; and • Representative likely impact areas.

Ambient Air Quality Monitoring (AAQM) stations were set up at three locations namely, (i) at the center of the site (ii) near the Ernavour-Mnalai road and (iii) within the residential area of the host community. These locations are shown in Figure 4.3. • Frequency and Parameters for Sampling Ambient air quality monitoring has been carried out for three days from June 16 to June 19, 2006. On any 8 hourly samples covering 24 hours have been collected. Air quality parameters comprising Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM), Respirable Particulate Matter (RPM), Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) and Oxides of Nitrogen (Nox) have been covered. The National air quality standards are presented in Table 4.1. • Ambient Air Quality Results and Discussion

The results of air quality monitoring for individual observations are presented in Table 4.2. It is observed that the predominant wind movement direction, i.e towards south-west direction, plays a significant role in controlling the air pollution level at the project site and its surroundings, by blowing away the air pollutants from the near-by industries, located to the north of the project site. This to a major extent helps in maintaining the air quality at the project site within the permissible limit. Further, the site falls within about 1200m of the industrial region and air emissions from the stack do not reach the ground level within this short distance. The site thus does not experience any adverse impacts due to emission from the nearby stacks. It is observed that the present air quality at all points of observation is well within the prescribed standards for residential areas ( 200 µg/m3 , 100 µg/m3., 80 µg/m3 , 80 µg/m3 for SPM, RPM, SOx and NOx, respectively and are on the lower side of the permissible range. It is thus concluded that air quality at the project site is of high order.


4-5

Table 4.1: National Ambient Air Quality Standards

Concentration in Ambient Air Pollutant

Sensitive Zone Residential area Industrial ZoneTotal Suspended Particulate Matter (µg/m3)

100 200 500

Respirable Particulate Matter (µg/m3)

75 100 150

Sulphur dioxide (µg/m3) 30 80 120 Oxides of Nitrogen (µg/m3) 30 80 120 Carbon monoxide (ppm) 0.8 1.6 4.0

Table 4.2: Summary Of Ambient Air Quality observation at the Project Site

AAQ 1 - Monitoring at – Centre of the Project Site

Monitoring Date from 16-06-06, 09:45 am till 17-06-06, 09:45 am

Parameters 16-06-06

12.00 pm – 8.00 pm16-06-06 to 17-06-068.00 pm – 4.00 am

17-06-06 4.00 am – 12.00pm

Average

SPM 41.6 µg/m3 40 µg/m3 43 µg/m3 41.6 µg/m3 RSPM 32.5 µg/m3 30.4 µg/m3 33 µg/m3 32 µg/m3 SO2 7.0 µg/m3 7.5 µg/m3 7.1 µg/m3 7.2 µg/m3 NOx 10.5 µg/m3 8.7 µg/m3 9.6 µg/m3 9.6 µg/m3


Parameters 17-06-06

12.00 pm – 8.00 pm17-06-06 to 18-06-068.00 pm – 4.00 am

18-06-06 4.00 am – 12.00pm

Average

SPM 46.4 µg/m3 45.4 µg/m3 49 µg/m3 47 µg/m3 RSPM 35.2 µg/m3 33.6 µg/m3 37.4 µg/m3 34.5 µg/m3 SO2 8 µg/m3 8.4 µg/m3 7.3 µg/m3 7.9 µg/m3 NOx 13 µg/m3 11.3 µg/m3 12.6 µg/m3 12.3 µg/m3


Parameters 18-06-06

12.00 pm – 8.00 pm18-06-06 to 19-06-068.00 pm – 4.00 am

19-06-06 4.00 am – 12.00pm

Average

SPM 50.6 µg/m3 50.3 µg/m3 46 µg/m3 49 µg/m3 RSPM 38.6 µg/m3 35.2 µg/m3 33 µg/m3 35.6 µg/m3 SO2 7.0 µg/m3 8.4 µg/m3 8.0 µg/m3 7.8 µg/m3 NOx 11 µg/m3 9.2 µg/m3 8.5 µg/m3 9.6 µg/m3


4-6

AAQ 2 - Monitoring at – Ernavur Road Side


Parameters 16-06-06

12.30 pm – 8.30 pm16-06-06 to 17-06-068.30 pm – 4.30 am

17-06-06 4.30 am – 12.30pm

Average

SPM 79.4 µg/m3 78.5 µg/m3 81.1 µg/m3 79.6 µg/m3 RSPM 65 µg/m3 65.3 µg/m3 67 µg/m3 65.7 µg/m3 SO2 22 µg/m3 22.1 µg/m3 22.3 µg/m3 22.1 µg/m3 NOx 18 µg/m3 18.5 µg/m3 17.2 µg/m3 17.9 µg/m3

AAQ 3 - Monitoring at – Bharathiyar Nagar Residential area


Parameters 16-06-06

12.15 pm – 8.15 pm16-06-06 to 17-06-068.15 pm – 4.15 am

17-06-06 4.15 am – 12.15pm

Average

SPM 43.4 µg/m3 50.4 µg/m3 48 µg/m3 47.3 µg/m3 RSPM 35.2 µg/m3 38.0 µg/m3 37 µg/m3 36.7 µg/m3 SO2 7.3 µg/m3 8.4 µg/m3 8.6 µg/m3 8.1 µg/m3 NOx 13.0 µg/m3 11.0 µg/m3 14.3 µg/m3 12.7 µg/m3

All values are expressed in µg/m3 4.5.3 Ambient Noise Level A preliminary reconnaissance survey was undertaken to identify the major noise generating sources in the area. The noise at different noise generating sources has been identified based on the activities like, commercial activities, traffic, etc. The Ambient Noise observed and their results along with the standards are presented in Table 4.3, which are at the same location as the points of observation for air quality.

Table 4.3 - Ambient Noise Results – Standards

S.No Location Day Average

(db(A)) Night Average

(db(A)) 1 Centre of AIR Site 56 49 2 Ernavur Road side 69 64 3 Barathiyar Nagar 62 50

4 Ambient Noise Standard Limits for Residential Areas 55 45

Sound Pressure Level (SPL) measurements were undertaken at all locations, with an interval of about 1 minute per hour for 24 hr. The day noise level has been monitored during 7 AM. to 10 P.M. and night levels during 10 P.M. to 7 AM. at all locations. The study was carried out during the month of June 2006.


4-7

• Day time Noise levels (L day) The day time noise levels at all the locations are observed to be in the range of 56.0 dB (A) – 69.0 dB (A). The Maximum noise level was observed 69.0 dB (A). The results exceed at all locations the standards. • Night time Noise levels (L night) The night time noise levels at all the locations are observed to be in the range of 49.0 dB (A) –64.0 dB (A). The Maximum noise level was observed 64.0 dB (A). The results exceed at all locations the standards. The over all observation with respect to the noise is that the ambient noise is slightly above the day and nighttime standards. The range of existing noise levels however is not likely to adversely impact the sleep during the night hours or interfere in normal function at the resettlement colony. 4.6 Ground Water Quality and Yield Test 4.6.1 Earth Resistivity Test Three ERTs were conducted in order to obtain the subsurface hydro geological information and for selecting a suitable site for exploratory drilling. The tests were conducted in the form of Vertical Electrical Soundings (VES) using a DC resistivity meter and adopting Schlumberger Configuration with maximum current electrode spacing of 60 m. The resistivity data was analyzed using a computer assisted interpretation technique to arrive at the geoelectrical parameters. The geoelectric layers were further inferred in terms of hydrogeology. The resistivity data indicated large contrast in the geohydrological characteristic from place to place with in the study area. The western side is inferred to have only 5 m of aquifer thickness while on the eastern side the aquifer thickness increased to about 12m. Below this depth either the aquifer is absent or contains poor quality water. On the basis of results of the ER T the site 2 was selected for exploratory drilling. The results of ERT tests in the form of geoelectic layers and their hydrological characteristics and the field apparent resistivity graph are enclosed 4.6.2 Yield Test Yield test was conducted in the tube well using a centrifugal pump. The static water level and pumping water level were measured till stability is obtained. The discharge maintained during pumping was 110 lpm.

On the basis of result of test the specific capacity of the formation was calculated as 24.2 lpm/m d.d and safe yield is estimated as 85 lpm. 4.6.3 Water quality The Electrical Conductivity of the ground water at various depths was measured during drilling.


4-8

The E.C value at various depths ranged from 250 to 630 J.1S/cm. Water sample was collected at the end of yield test and the same was subjected to chemical analysis in order to assess the suitability of the water for drinking and construction purposes. The analysis result indicated a TDS value of 305 ppm, Chloride as 64 ppm and Sulphate as 48 ppm. Iron is present at a very low concentration of 0.1 ppm. Comparing the concentration of various parameters specified for drinking and construction water, it is found that the water quality is suitable for both purposes. The results of water quality analysis and yield test are presented in Table 4.4 and Table 4.5 respectively.

Table – 4.4: Results of Ground Water Quality Analysis Location: AIR, Thiruvotriyur Source: Tube Well

Sl. No.

Parameter Quantity in Sample

Limits for Construction

Desirable Limits for Drinking

1 Electrical Conductivity (E.C) 420 - 750

2 pH 7.2 >6 6.5-8.5 3 Calcium (Ca) 24 - 75 4 Magnesium (Mg) 22 - 30 5 Sodium (Na) 44 - - 6 Potassium (K) 4 - -

7 Bicarbonate (HC03) 104 305 -

8 Carbonate (C03) 0 - - 9 Sulfate (S04) 48 400 200

10 Chloride (CI) 64 500/RCC; 2000/PCC 250

11 Nitrate (N03) 47 - 50

12 Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) 305 3000 500

13 Total Hardness as CaC03 (TH) 150 - 300

14 Total Alkalinity as CaC03 85 - 200

15 Iron as Fe 0.1 0.3

Note: Units for E.C. are µs/cm@25oC; pH is a number. All other units are in mg/L


4-9

Table – 4.5: Results of Yield Test

1 Location AIR site, Tiruvottiyur 2 Type of Well Tube well in alluvial soil 3 Tota depth 11 meters 4 Diameter 100 mm 5 Pump Type Centrifugal pump 6 Horse Power 3HP 7 Suction/Delivery Size 2 " 8 Height of measuring point above 0.15 m9 Initial water level below G.L 2.24 m10 Pumping rate

(Discharge rate in lpm or lph) 110 lpm

11 Duration of Pumping 40 min 12 Pumping water level below G.L 6.79 m13 Total drawdown (P.W.L- S.W.L) 4.55 m14 Specific capacity 24.2 lpm/ m drawdown 15 Safe Yield 85 lpm 16 Transmissivity (T) 8.9 m2/day 17 Permeability (K) 4.83/day 18 Total Dissolved Solids 305 ppm

4.7 Ecological Resources The ecological resources refer to the flora and fauna of the region and their interaction with the physical environment. An area of 5 km radius from the site is covered for the purpose. 4.7.1 Terrestrial Fauna Mainly domestic mammals like cattle, goats and dogs represent the fauna. Birds like sparrows, crows, owls, kites and parakeets represent the avian population. Sensitive and endangered species were not recorded in the corridor. Similarly, from the viewpoint of the proposed activities, there is no wildlife requiring special attention. 4.7.2 Aquatic Fauna There are no fresh water bodies of significance near by. 4.8 Land use The land use distribution around 10 km radius of the project site is presented in the Table 4.6. Agriculture lands form the predominant land use category followed by low density urban settlement which constitutes to 7.28%. Figure 4.5 presents the existing landuse plan of the project area and its surroundings.


4-10

Table – 4.6: Area Statistics of Land use within 10 km Radius from Project Site

Sl.

No. Land use categories

Area (In Sq. Km)

Percentage Proportion

1 Water Body 8.87 2.82 2 Open Barren Land 1.30 0.41

3 Agriculture / Low density Vegetation 118.17 37.63

4 Suburban / Urban Low Density 22.85 7.28 5 Village Settlement 1.88 0.60 6 Industrial Area 2.53 0.81 7 Urban High Density 11.66 3.71 8 Sea 146.75 46.73

Total 314.01 100.00

Figure 4.5: Land-use plan of the project site and its surroundings

CHAPTER 5

BASELINE SOCIO-ECONOMIC SURVEY


5-1

CHAPTER 5

BASE LINE SOCIO ECONOMIC SURVEY

It is observed that the road adjoining the western boundary of the project site would be developed as one of the primary approach to the rehabilitation colony during its operation phase. It is proposed by the TNSCB that this road would be strengthened by widening the eastern side of the road by parting a 7.2m wide stretch of land from the project site. It is observed that there are some squatters on the eastern side of this road along the compound wall of the project site, which will get affected and would require resettlement. A baseline socio-economic survey was undertaken among these project affected households during June 2006 and was completed on 19th June 2006. The survey identified 76 project affected families / households (287 project affected persons). The list of PAFs is enclosed as Annexure-5 of this report. The salient findings of the socio-economic survey are discussed below. 5.1 Methodology Adopted A baseline social survey was undertaken for all households adjoining the proposed All India Radio site in Thiruvottiyur, earmarked for construction of tenements for Tsunami affected people. Using the site plan, all assets that would come within the site plan were identified and were classified as household asset, commercial asset or common property assets. Each asset was numbered and marked in yellow for the purpose of identification. Assets thus identified were photographed, dimension was measured and type of construction was noted. For each household asset and commercial asset, a household record was administered. The household record consists of the following information:

i) Identification of household (name of head of household, location with administrative area, ration card number)

ii) Details of private asset affected with plinth dimension iii) Household particulars (religion, social group) iv) Details of household members (names of family members, sex, age, education,

occupation) v) Income, expenditure details vi) Detail of debt vii) Building / structure details (ownership, use, area, roof and wall material) viii) Other affected assets (boundary wall, well) ix) Business activity (nature, employee details) x) Movable assets in possession xi) Distance from essential services xii) Resettlement preferences

Upon recording the above information from the head of the household or in his / her absence from a family member, his / her signature was obtained certifying that the information recorded is true and correct.


5-2

5.2 Findings of the Baseline Socio-Economic Survey The baseline socio-economic survey identified 76 households as project-affected households (PAHs). Out of 76 PAHs, family details for 68 households were available. Details of 2 households were not available as they were absent during the day and are normally said to be available only late night or early morning. It was observed that about 74 PAFs would be losing their place of living and 2 PAFs would be losing their place of living and business. There are 6 PAFs who are absentee owners (Non Resident Owners (NROs)) who come once in a month to collect rent and the tenants are not aware of any details other that their names. These PAFs will be entitled only for replacement cost of the structure. For the remaining 70 PAFs, dwelling units will be allotted in the proposed project. For 2 PAFs, who are also losing their place of business, the project will pay them cash assistance equivalent to 6 month income. The findings of the survey are discussed below. 5.2.1 Magnitude of Impact As mentioned earlier, the number of project-affected families (PAFs) is 76 and there is no loss of community assets (public infrastructure and common resources) due to the project. The number of PAFs categorized by the severity of impact as identified during the baseline socio-economic survey is given in the following table.

Table 5.1 : Project-affected household by category

Categorisation Owner Encroacher Squatter Tenant Overall

Major Social Impacts Loss of house Loss of livelihood Loss of house and livelihood

Minor Social Impacts

- - - - -

- - - - -

36 - 2 - -

38 - 0 - -

74 - 2 - -

Total - - 38 38 76 Majority (82%) of the project-affected households (PAHs) are headed by men and the remaining (18%) are women-headed households. Since there are a sizeable number of women-headed households, individual attention is required to this category of vulnerable section during implementation. Profile of the Project-affected Household The male-female profile amongst the project-affected household (PAHs) is given in the following table.


5-3

Table 5.2 : Head of Household (HH) by Sex

Head of Household All Members (PAPs) Sex

Frequency Percentage Frequency Percentage Male 56 82.4 127 49.4 Female 12 17.6 130 50.6

The male-female ratio amongst the Project Affected Persons (PAPs) is the other way round in comparison with the Tiruvottiyur Municipality statistics (male 51.2% and female 48.8%). Seventy eight percent of the PAPs are below 40 years, with 10 percent in the below 5 years age group.

Table 5.3 : Age group of PAPs

Age classification Frequency Percentage Upto 5 6 – 17 18 – 24 25 – 40 41 – 60

> 60

26 53 65 57 48 8

10.1 20.6 25.3 22.2 18.7 3.1

Seventy four percent of the project-affected households have a small family of size four or less. There are also large families (7%) with 6 to 7 members in the family.

Table 5.4 Size of household

Size of household Frequency Percentage

1 – 3 4 5

6 – 7 8+ and above

26 24 13 5

Nil

38.2 35.3 19.1 7.4 -

Average Family size = 3.78

Majority of the PAHs (93%) are Hindus. Muslims constitute 6 percent and Christians 1 percent.

Table: 5.5 Project-affected household by Religion

Religion Frequency Percentage Hindu Muslim

Christian

63 4 1

92.6 5.9 1.5

Fifty seven percent of the households belong to the scheduled caste, 19 percent to the most backward class and 34 percent are backward class. With a very high scheduled caste and most backward class population, the PAHs require additional support measures during transition. The social status of the PAHs is given in the following table.


5-4

Table: 5.6 Project-affected household by Social Group

Community Frequency Percentage FC BC MBC SC

Nil 23 13 32

- 33.8 19.1 47.1

Literacy level of the PAPs amongst the above 6 years age group is 52 percent. The literacy level amongst male is 67 percent and amongst female is 52 percent. The literacy level of male and female PAPs is far below the Municipality average.

Table: 5.7 Literacy by Sex of PAPs (> 6 age group)

Male Female Literacy

Frequency Percentage Frequency Percentage Can read and write 67 58.8 52 45.2 Cannot read and write 47 41.2 63 54.8

The proportion of uneducated women (29%) is much higher than that of uneducated men (16%). Except for a lone female PAP, none has studied beyond school level. The education attainment is largely up to high school level. This is another factor that reinforces the need for greater support to the PAPs during relocation.

Table : 5.8 Education level by Sex of PAPs

Male Female

Education Frequency Percentage Frequency Percentage

Below primary Primary Upper primary High school Higher secondary Graduate Post graduate Technical education None Children (<= 6 yrs)

30 16 24 21 3 Nil Nil Nil 20 13

23.7 12.6 18.9 16.5 2.4 - - - 15.7 10.2

26 18 18 10 4 Nil 1 Nil 38 15

20.0 13.8 13.8 7.7 3.1 - 0.8 - 29.3 11.5

Eighty nine percent of the workforce are casual labourers. The occupational pattern of the PAPs is given in the following.

Table: 5.9 Main Activity by Sex of PAPs

Male Female

Main Activity Frequency Percentage Frequency Percentage

Cultivation Agricultural labour Casual labour

Nil Nil 69

- - 54.3

Nil Nil 24

- - 18.5


5-5

Male Female Main Activity

Frequency Percentage Frequency Percentage Private sector salaried Public sector salaried Household shop Business Other workforce Unemployed Not in workforce

3 Nil 2 Nil Nil 1 52

2.4 - 1.6 - - 0.8 40.9

4 Nil 1 Nil Nil Nil 101

3.1 - 0.7 - - - 77.7

Sixty nine percent of the project-affected households (PAHs) are earning Rs.2000/- per month or less.

Table: 5.10 Income of PAHs

Salary Range (per month)

Frequency Percentage

1- 1000 1001 – 1500 1500 – 2000 2001 – 2500 2501 – 3000 Above 3000 Not disclosed

16 21 10 7 7 4 3

23.5 30.9 14.7 10.3 10.3 5.9 4.4

Expenditure Pattern It is interesting to note that on an average each family spends about Rs.480/- per month as rental and is an good indication for heir paying capacity for the tenement. The education expenditure varies from Rs.500/- per annum in a government school and Rs.500/- per month in a private school. Expenditure on water is very high considering the profile of the family.

Table: 5.11 Expenditure of PAHs

Expenditure Head Monthly / Annually

Average amount spent

in Rs. Food Water Education Health Rent Electricity House Maintenance

Monthly Monthly Annually Monthly Monthly Monthly Annually

1934 238 2819 541 480 136 6298

Indebtedness Twenty six percent of the PAFs reported of having debt. The indebtedness level amongst these PAFs is given in the following table. The debt, all private loans, ranges between Rs.3,000/- and Rs.2,00,000/- and the average debt is Rs.47,000/-.


5-6

Table: 5.12 Expenditure of PAHs

Indebtness Frequency Percentage Upto 25,000 Above 25,000 and Upto 50,000 Above 50,000 and Upto 1,00,000 Above 1,00,000

6 9 2 1

33.3 50.0 11.1 5.6

Type of structure Out of 76 PAHs, 38 households are tenants, 38 households are squatter-owners and of these 38 households, in 6 households the squatter-owner does not live in the project area and hence will not be entitled for any benefits except for replacement cost for the structure and the same is budgeted for. Therefore, the number of structures getting affected, used for residence and / or commercial purpose, are 38. Among these buildings 82 percent are kutcha structures (temporary in nature).

Table: 5.13 Type of Structure

Type of Structure Frequency Percentage Permanent Semi-Permanent Temporary

6 1 31

15.8 2.6 81.6

Total 38 100.0 All structures getting affected belong to the squatters and there is no structure that is on patta land. Type of structure by tenure is given in the following table.

Table: 5.14 Type of Structure by tenure

Frequency Type of Structure

Owner Encroacher Squatter Permanent Semi-Permanent Temporary

- - -

- - -

6 1 31

Total - - 38 Amongst the structures getting affected, 81 percent of the structures used for residence are temporary in nature. All (one structure) structures used for business and residence are temporary in nature.


5-7

Table: 5.15 Use of Structure by type


Use

Per

man

ent

Sem

i p

erm

anen

t

Tem

por

ary

Per

man

ent

Sem

i p

erm

anen

t

Tem

por

ary

Residence only Residence and business Business Only Shed, etc.

6 - - -

1 - - -

29 2 - -

16.7 - - -

2.8 - - -

80.5 100.0 - -

Sixty six percent of the squatters and 50 percent of the tenants are in existence for over 5 years.

Table: 5.16 Period of occupancy by tenure

Type of Structure Frequency Percentage

Period of Occupancy

Squ

atte

r

Ten

ant

Ow

ner

Squ

atte

r

Ten

ant

Ow

ner

Under 1 year 1 - 5 year Over 5 years

9 4 25

10 9 19

- - -

23.7 10.5 65.8

26.3 23.7 50.0

- - -

Resettlement preference Almost all the tenants and 74 percent of the squatter-owners wanted alternate housing. Twenty one percent of the owner-squatters were non-committal / not available for their preference for resettlement and rehabilitation.

Table: 5.17 Resettlement preference by Tenure


Preference

Squ

atte

r

Ten

ant

Ow

ner

Squ

atte

r

Ten

ant

Ow

ner

Land for land Cash assistance House in resettlement site Shop in resettlement site Structure for structure Non-Committal

2 - 28 - - 8

- 1 37 - - -

- - - - - -

5.2 - 73.7 - - 21.1

- 2.6 97.4 - - -

- - - - - -


5-8

An analysis of resettlement preference by type of structure provides an insight into the preference of PAPs. Among those who gave their preference, 68 percent of those living in temporary structures wanted house in resettlement site and 6 percent wanted a alternate plot. All those in permanent structure wanted house in resettlement site.

Table: 5.18 Resettlement preference by type of structure


Preference

Per

man

ent

Sem

i per

man

ent

Tem

por

ary

Per

man

ent

Sem

i per

man

ent

Tem

por

ary

Land for land Cash assistance House in resettlement site Shop in resettlement site Structure for structure Non-Committal

- - 6 - - -

- - 1 - - -

2 - 21 - - 8

- - 100.0 - - -

- - 100 - - -

6.5 - 67.7 - - 25.8

5.3 Key Socio-Economic Indicators The key socio-economic indicators arrived at on the basis of the baseline socio-economic survey is given in the following table.

Table: 5.19 Key Socio-economic Indicators

S.No Indicator Unit Value/Figure a) 1 b) 2 3 4 5 c) 6 7 8 9

Income (N = 65) Monthly family income Occupation (N = 68) Business establishment Casual Labourers Salaried Unemployed Housing (N = 68) Permanent Semi-permanent Temporary Houses Average size of house

Average % % % % % % % Sq.m

1774/- 3 89 7 1 25 1.5 73.5 16.26

d) 10 11

Demographic Details (N = 68) Family size Women headed household

Average %

3.78 17.6


5-9

S.No Indicator Unit Value/Figure e) 12 13 14 15 f) 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

Standard of Living (N = 68) Having separate kitchen Having separate toilet Having separate bath Houses electrified Material assets (N = 68) BW TV Colour TV Cycle Mixie Grinder Motorcycle Telephone

% % % % % % % % % % %

17.6 17.6 25.0 98.5 36.7 5.8 19.1 - 2.9 - 2.9

CHAPTER 6

IMPACT ASSESSMENT


6-1

CHAPTER 6

IMPACT ASSESSMENT 6.1 Introduction This chapter focuses on the prediction and assessment of impacts on the various environmental components due to the project activities. Based on the magnitude and duration of the project activities and the environmental attributes of the receiving environment presented in earlier chapter on environmental setting, the nature, duration and extent of impact are assessed. Minor project impacts have also been identified and basis for their insignificance has been provided. Where relevant, the EMP also addresses the minor impacts and provides environmental mitigation or environmental enhancement measures. 6.2 Impact on Physical Resources 6.2.1 Impact on Topography The proposed construction is planned on a flat unoccupied terrain. Given the fact that all the housing units would be G+3 structures, in a cluster formation, the project will alter the topography of the site. The area is surrounded by single/double storied houses and the development therefore will alter the topography in a significant manner. The development, however, similar to any housing project in an urban area and if planned and executed aesthetically will improve the visual appeal of the area. 6.3 Impact on Climate The project area is part of an already developed area although the project site as such is devoid of any structures. The site also supports a few trees. It is proposed that to the extent feasible the existing trees on the site will be integrated with the project development. Although the project implementation will bring a significant open area under built-up area, the site is within 300 - 400 m from the sea and is subject to strong land sea breeze. The project therefore is unlikely to have any micro-climatic impacts. 6.4 Impact on Environmental Resources 6.4.1 Impact on Geology, Soils and Mineral Resources As stated in section 3.12, the project could have significant demand for aggregate materials of about 57,000 m3 for construction of 5640 housing units. This quantity is moderate and can be obtained from nearest government-approved quarries. The project therefore will not require opening a new stone quarry and impacts due to requirement for aggregates will be insignificant. It is understood that the earth as fill material is available in adequate quantity within about 10 km of lead distance and metal can be obtained from the nearest licensed quarries. A preliminary material volume estimates and examination of local suppliers indicates that sufficient volumes of material are available from existing licensed pits and quarry facilities, and no new pits or quarries are considered necessary. As no new quarries are envisaged for the


6-2

project the environmental impacts due to procurement of construction material for the project are insignificant. 6.4.2 Impact on Air Quality The project being a major construction project entails movement of significant quantities of the construction material and operation of construction machinery at the site. The project therefore has potential for construction phase negative impacts on air quality. During the operation phase, about 5640 families with approximate population of 28,000 will be added to the area. This will increase to and fro movement of vehicular traffic to the site and could add to the vehicular emissions at the site. a) Construction Phase Impacts During the construction phase, operation of construction machinery at the site and use of vehicles for transporting the construction material are the primary sources of air pollution. Combustion of diesel will be the principal cause of air pollution during the construction phase. To provide estimate of emission of air pollutants at the construction site, fuel consumption rates and approximate operation schedule for major construction machinery were estimated. The data on fuel utilizations rates of units expected to be in operation during the project construction are provided in Table-5.1. During the period of maximum construction activity the fuel consumption at the project site is expected to be about 100 litres of diesel per hour.

Table 5.1: Fuel Consumption Rates For Construction Machinery

S.No. Machines Fuel Consumption

litres/hour 1 Cement concrete mixer 7 2 Generator 30 3 Truck 8 4 Bulldozer 20 5 Excavator 20 6 Dumpers, Trucks & Tippers 18 7 Water Tanker 8

The air emissions from the operation of construction machinery are equivalent to about continuous operations of about 15 trucks on the site. Given large area of the site (about 13.5 Ha) and significant open areas on the north and east; and strong breeze during most of the time during the day, air quality impact due to the construction activities at the site are likely to be negligible. It is, however, noteworthy that the site is surrounded by residential area on three sides. It will therefore be necessary to keep the noise generating machinery in the southern or central part of the site to minimize the impact of the nearby residences. As the site is located off the main road connecting the port and the Manali industrial area, the additional construction related traffic would not have any significant impact on air quality along the haul road.


6-3

b) Operational Phase The operational phase impacts are likely to be minimal, since majority of the residents would belong to the Low Income Group, the percentage of vehicle increase due to the tenements would be a very small portion of the total volume of traffic on the Ernavur – Manali Road. Taking into consideration the economic profile of the occupants, the impact on air quality in the operational phase would be negligible. 6.4.3 Impact on Noise Levels a) Construction Phase During the construction phase, the major sources of noise pollution are movement of vehicles transporting the construction material to the project site and the noise generating activities at the site itself. In context with the construction activities at the site, concreting, mixing, casting and material movement are primary noise generating activities. These activities will be uniformly distributed over the entire construction period. The noise levels in the working environment are compared with the standards prescribed by Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA-USA) which in-turn are being enforced by Government of India through Model rules framed under the Factories Act. The acceptable limits for each shift being of 8-hour duration, the equivalent noise level exposure during the shift is 90 dB (A). Hence noise generated due to various activities in the construction camps may affect workers, if equivalent 8-hour exposure is more than the safety limit. ACGIH (American Conference of Government Industrial Hygienists) proposed an 8 hour Leq limit of 85 dB (A). Exposure to impulses or impact noise should not exceed 140 dB (A) (Peak acoustic pressure). Exposure to 10,000 impulses of 120 dB (A) is permissible per day. The noise likely to be generated during excavation, loading and transportation of material near the borrow areas will be in the range of 90 to 105 dB (A) and this will occur only when all the equipments operate together and simultaneously. This will be a remote possibility. The workers in general are likely to be exposed to an equivalent noise level of 80-90 dB (A) in an 8 hour shift for which all statutory precautions as per ‘B’ laws should be taken into consideration. The construction equipments that have high noise emissions levels can affect the personnel operating the machines. Use of proper personal protective equipment will mitigate any adverse impact of the noise generated by such equipment. Movement of construction vehicle carrying the construction materials to the site, will be primarily traversing through the highways. Significant noise impacts due to movement of construction materials therefore are not expected. b) Operational Phase It is observed that the resettlement population belonging to lower socio-economic status has only a few motorized vehicles. The rise in traffic on the internal roads or on the main roads due to resettlement of Tsunami affected population will therefore not be significant. It is, however,


6-4

required that adequate public transport to the site is provided to meet the requirement of daily commuting to the place of work by the resettled population. 6.4.4 Impact on Water Resources (a) Construction phase Water requirement during the construction phase of the project is estimated to be about 120kld. The ground water resources at the project have been tested and are found to be suitable for construction activities. The ground water yield tests also indicate a yield of 85 lpm, which is adequate to meet the construction requirements. However, care needs to be taken to abstract water only from the top 6 m of aquifer by constructing open dug wells. During the construction phase care need to be taken to also provide adequate sanitary toilets equipped with septic tanks and soak-pits for the construction workers. At the end of construction the septic tanks and soak-pits should be cleaned and dismantled. Guidelines by Indian Labour Organization need to be followed for infrastructure provisions for construction labour. (b) Operations phase The water demand during the operation phase at a rate of 40 lpcd is estimated at 1200 kld for a population of 28,000. It is proposed that the required potable water for the project site during its operation phase would be provided by the CMWSSB. However, observations at other resettlement colonies, specially at Okkium Thoraipakkam, indicate the availability of drinking water is the major deficiency at the colonies. TNSCB therefore is advised to make reliable arrangement to provide water to the resettlement colony and also use water conservation measures such as use of low volume flushing toilets, low volume faucets and awareness for water conservation. Necessary provisions for roof water harvesting and abstraction wells with sump and pumping arrangement have been made in the EMP budget. The design of the facilities needs to be undertaken independently. 6.4.5 Impact on Water Quality Negative water quality impact during the operation phase of the project is one of serious concerns. However, in the design of resettlement colony, it is proposed to collect the sewage and wastewater from the households and commercial/common areas through an underground sewerage system and is proposed to be pumped to the nearest Thiruvottriyur Sewerage Treatment Plant, which is located at a distance of 3km from the project site. The project therefore will not have any adverse impact on local ground water and/or surface water resources. 6.5 Impact on Ecological Resources It is observed that the project site is open barren land. The site as such does support any floral or faunal species of importance. The site has a few trees at along the western periphery that will be integrated with the project design. The project will thus not have any negative ecological impacts.


6-5

6.6 Socio-Economic Environment

6.6.1 Impact due to Land Acquisition The land earmarked for the project development falls under the survey number 3, block number 32 of Thiruvottiyur Village, Thiruvallur District. These survey number is originally owned by the revenue department and the land has been transferred to the TNSCB vide GO No.348 dated 30-05-2006. It is observed that the entire land for the project is under the procession of TNSCB and the land is entirely free from encroachments. Since, the entire land area for the project is part of government lands, acquisition of private lands is not entailed for the project. The western approach to the site however is occupied by a row of houses. Site development therefore will entail removal of about 60 huts. It will be necessary to include these families among the project beneficiaries and allot them one housing unit each in the resettlement colony. 6.6.2 Impact on Archeologically Important Structures/ Monuments There are no known archaeologically important sites or historical monuments within or adjacent to proposed project site that may be affected by the project. 6.6.3 Impact on Religious Structures, Cultural Properties and Community Assets The site being a barren land does not have any religious structures or cultural properties that may be affected due to the project. No community assets are affected because of the proposed development. 6.6.4 Health, Safety and Hygiene of Construction Workers The most significant impact of the project on public health is likely to arise due to construction camp. These camps are anticipated to house up to 200 people for a period of 12-18 months. Given this concentration of people, the potential for transmission of communicable diseases and illness is likely to increase. It is necessary that the construction camps are design to meet the norms of Indian Labour Law with provision for adequate living space, water and sanitation for each worker. 6.7 Other Impacts Need to Provide Amenities to the Host Population The project site is accessible from Ernavur-Manali road and Ennore road, which are the major road in the area. The access road connecting the site and Ernavur-Manali road to the south of the site is narrow and flanked by residential development on the east site. It will be necessary to widen this road by acquiring about 10 m wide strip of land from the TAMIN land on the west. If the existing entry from the west of the site is used to bring the construction material from the site, it will be necessary to relocate the Project Affected Families (PAFs) in temporary shelter. It is observed that from the site, connectivity to the Ennore road that may be used predominantly by the resettled fishing community will pass through the host community colony. The road network in this community therefore needs to be improved to cater to the additional population.


6-6

The host community also need to be provided with safe water supply. A provision for supplying water to the host community through public fountains has been budgeted under the EMP. It is further required that the community/common facilities in the resettlement colony are sized to meet the requirement of the host community. It is observed that the site is presently used as garbage dumping area by the surrounding community due to the lack of proper solid waste management system in the area. It is necessary that suitable mitigation measures like implementation of proposed solid waste management system in the host community area and provision of community waste bins for the collection of solid wastes should be considered before the start of construction activity at the project site. It is observed that, part of the site is used as an open defecation ground by the surrounding residents of the site. Further, it is observed that there would be a need for the demolition of an existing common toilet for the construction of the approach road on the northeast corner of the site connecting the Ennore road. This common toilet is predominantly used by the fishermen community living to the north of the site and by few of the residents living in Barathiyar Nagar. It is necessary that sufficient number of common toilets catering to the needs of the surrounding residents should be constructed before the start of the construction activity at the project site. Adequate provisions have been made as the part of the proposed EMP for the construction of separate toilets for men and women. Provision for Connectivity to the Ennore Road The site plan provides for connectivity on the west of the site. It is however observed that the distance to the Ennore road from the northeast corner of the site is only about 35 m. A connection for cycles and two wheelers should be provided from this end to provide multiple accesses to the site. Also the connectivity to the Manali road should be improved by providing a 2 lane road connectivity at the eastern end of the TANIM land. Provision for Solid Waste Management It has been observed that management of solid waste being generated in the nearby resettlement colony is very poor. Considering that about 25000 persons will occupy the site, at the rate of 0.3 kg per capita the expected solid waste generation from the site will be about 7.5 tons per day. This will require a systemic collection of the waste from the households and its subsequent transportation to the waste disposal site at Kodungaiyur. It will be necessary to provide community bin at select locations and adequate arrangement through private contractor for regular evacuation of the waste from the site. Considering low paying capacity of the individual families, TNBCB should assist formation of a Housing Society of Beneficiaries and also provide funding support to management the supporting infrastructure. A nominal amount in the form of service charge, however, should be collected from the beneficiaries. The solid waste management coverage is also required to be extended to the host community, which presently disposes the household waste on the vacant site.

CHAPTER 7

PUBLIC CONSULTATION


7-1

CHAPTER 7

PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS

7.1 Background Social assessment for the resettlement housing projects involves investigations on three counts, namely (i) impact on families that may be living at the site earmarked for housing the resettlement colony and may be impacted due to loss of property, shelter and assets, (ii) host community residing in the vicinity of the resettlement colony that may be impacted due to the pressure exerted by the beneficiary population on social and physical infrastructure and environmental resources used by the host community and (iii) the socio-economic impacts on the beneficiary population itself that may be adversely impacted due to loss/impact on livelihood due to its migration away from it traditional sources of livelihood. The first of the above aspect was studied through the socio-economic survey of the project affected families (PAFs) that reside along the western boundary of the site and through the consultations with the host community and the beneficiary populations. Such consultations bring about awareness among both the host community as well as the project beneficiaries about the proposed project, the likely impacts, there requirements and any alterations required, so as to bring about greater public participation and allow the end users and project affected communities to be well informed. The survey and consultations were design to meet the requirement of social impact assessment for projects seeking funding from World Bank under the Tsunami Reconstruction Fund and followed the guidelines provided under the Environment and Social Management Framework for tsunami affected resettlement projects. Under this assignment, thus the consultations were held with three groups of project influenced families; (i) occupants of residential houses adjoining the project site (host community) (ii) families who live west of the project site in unauthorized hutments (project affected families) and (iii) the beneficiaries residing at the Cellcriet Block Factory Site (earlier living in Kargil Nagar) and at various locations along the sea coast to the north of the Chennai city. The present distribution of beneficiaries is presented in Table 7.1. Public meetings were organized at prominent locations like community halls, marriage halls etc, at the present locations of the beneficiaries households, and notices were issued to the beneficiaries population inviting them to participate in the meetings and express their views on the project. Samples of notices issued to the beneficiaries’ households are presented as Annexure-6 of the report.

Table 7.1: Present Distribution of Beneficiaries Households

S.No Location Percentage to Total Beneficiaries

1 Celcrete Block Industries site 30% 2 Between Fishing Harbor and 3Km

north of Fishing Harbor (Households located within 200m from the coastline)

30%

3 Between 3Km north of Fishing harbour and Ernavur Junction

20%

4 To the north of Ernavur junction vicinity

20%


7-2

This section presents the salient details of the issues and concerns raised by the three groups of population. 7.2 Preliminary Consultations with PAFs The preliminary consultations with those living along the western side of the compound wall of the AIR site being developed for building tenements for Tsunami affected were held on 15th June 2006. Details of the proposed project, the likely impact of the project on them and the support measures available under the project were explained. There are 76 households (including 6 absentee owners) living along the compound wall and none have title for the land. Fifteen persons from amongst the PAPs participated in the deliberations. The list of participants is enclosed as Annexure-7 to this report. 7.2.1 Issues Raised Preferred assistance All the participants wanted an alternate house to be provided in the same place and stated that this was the only support measure that is required and acceptable to them. They claimed that they have been living there for the past over 30 years and their livelihood would get affected if they were to be relocated and requested that they be accommodated along with the beneficiaries in the proposed tenements. It is worthy mentioning here that the TNSCB has agreed to provide tenements for these 70 PAPs who would be losing their place of living. Process of relocation The participants were concerned of their status during the construction period. It was requested by the PAFs that prior to the commencement of civil works, necessary arrangements should be made to provided alternate temporary accommodation or the construction works should be carried out without disturbing them until they can be accommodated into the alternate house. TNSCB have informed that the road widening on the western side of the project site would commence only after construction of the tenements and after the PAPs occupy the tenements. Hence, the need for temporary shelter does not arise. Provision of Infrastructure and Community facilities at the Rehabilitation colony The participants wanted all amenities to be provided in the resettlement site and in particular wanted toilet facilities, drinking water and school for their children. It was explained to them that the proposed project has been designed to have all the necessary amenities and their needs will be addressed. 7.3 Public Consultation with Persons living opposite to the AIR Land (in Railway land on the

western side) A preliminary consultations with those living opposite to the AIR site sandwiched between the existing road and the railway track were held on 15th June 2006. Details of the project were explained to the participants.


7-3

The settlement is known as All India Radio Nagar and the residents claim that there are about 436 families living in the settlement. Nineteen persons from amongst them participated in the consultations. The list of participants is enclosed as Annexure-7 to this report. 7.3.1 Issues Raised Request for housing facility The participants requested that they be allotted houses in the proposed project as they are living on railway land and have no title for it. They claimed that they have been living there for the past 40 years. With respect to the proposed tenements they had no issues and had no objections. It was explained to them that it may not be possible to accommodate them in the proposed project and however their request would be conveyed to the concerned authorities. 7.4 Preliminary Consultation with the host community Preliminary Consultations with host communities were held to understand their concern about the project and in particular the impact of the project on their resources, concern of possible conflicts and to understand their needs that can be integrated in the project. Based on the consultations necessary mitigation measures can be evolved. The preliminary consultations with the persons living in nearby settlements, viz. Nethaji Nagar and Barathi Nagar, were held on 20th June 2006. Details of the project, the facilities that are being provided for the tenements and the number of beneficiaries who would be occupying the tenements were explained. Sixteen persons participated in the discussion. The list of participants is enclosed as Annexure-7 to this report. 7.4.1 Issues Raised The participants were aware that tenements for Tsunami affected has been proposed in the AIR land. The participants requested the following issues to be addressed by the TNSCB.

• Extension of sewerage facilities to the host community • Provision of separate water supply to the tenements to ensure that ground water is not exploited

which is currently of good quality • Improving the transport facility by providing more bus services to the settlement • A school to be built in the project area • Since about 30 households residing on the northern side do not have a toilet, require public toilets

to be built separate for men and women • A hospital to be built considering the large number of families in the project area and • A police out-post to be provided in the project area as the presence of large number of

beneficiaries will result in law and order problem 7.5 Preliminary Consultation with the Beneficiaries The preliminary consultations with the beneficiaries living in Phase-III of the CellCriet Block Factory Site (earlier living in the Kargil Nagar temporary settlement site) were held on 24th June 2006. Details of the proposed tenements, the amenities and facilities being provided and the location of the project were explained to the participants.


7-4

Twenty-one persons participated in the discussions. The list of participants is enclosed as an Annexure-7 to this report. 7.5.1 Issues Raised The participants requested that infrastructure facilities like potable water supply, electricity, street lights, bus facility, school, hospital, police station, community hall, place of worship common to all and independent houses should be provided in the proposed AIR site.

It was explained to the participants that the project couldn’t provide independent houses as land was scarce and hence only multi-storied tenements are being proposed. They were told that their request for provision of other amenities would be communicated to the concerned authorities for necessary action. It is noteworthy that the proposed master plan provides spaces for most of the amenities and provision of health centre; increased bus services and a police outpost are under consideration.

7.6 Public Meeting with the Host Community A public meeting was organised on 13th December 2006 for the host community to provide a platform to express their concern on the impact of the project on their resources, on possible conflicts and to understand their needs. The meeting was held in the Community Hall in Bharathi Nagar and was attended by 109 persons belonging to Bharathi Nagar, Nethaji Nagar and Ramakrishna Nagar. The elected Municipal Councillor of Thiruvottriyur Municipality belonging to this ward chaired the meeting. Representatives of the resident’s welfare association and other residents participated and expressed their views. The signed attendance sheet of the participants is enclosed as Annexure 8 to this report. 7.6.1 Issues Raised Everyone who spoke was against the tenements being built for the tsunami affected fishermen. They requested the government to build either a bus terminus, or a hospital or a women’s college, as the people in this area have to travel long distance to access these facilities. They also feared that with such a large number of families moving into the neighborhood would result in depletion of ground water, generation of large quantities of garbage, ground water pollution due to sewerage discharge, use of their internal roads by the resettlers to access the highway and friction between communities. In view of these factors the host strongly opposed the project. The TNSCB has expressed their inability to find any other suitable alternative site for construction of such large number of tenements for tsunami-affected people. Further, the groundwater is not being tapped and there will be no pollution to ground water as Chennai Metropolitan Water Supply and Sewerage Board will be providing piped water supply and the project


7-5

includes construction of underground sewerage system to convey the waste water to the near by sewerage treatment plant. 7.7 Public Meeting with the Beneficiaries Three public meetings were held to seek the views of the beneficiaries on the suitability of the site, on the amenities and facilities being provided and perceived benefits and disadvantages, if any, in relocating to the site. 7.7.1 First Meeting The first public meeting for the beneficiaries living in CelCrete Block Factory (CCBF) Site (earlier living in the Kargil Nagar temporary settlement) was held on 14th December 2006 in a marriage hall at Gandhi Nagar, Ernavoor. Intimation about the meeting was communicated through printed handbills to about 2000 beneficiaries living in temporary shelters in CCBF site, who were earlier living in Kargil Nagar temporary shelters. About 500 people attended the public meeting. Photographs were taken and the meeting was video graphed. The participants refused to sign the attendance sheet as they feared that they would be denied houses at Hindustan Lever site if they sign any paper. The primary reason for their fear was due to the apprehensions created by the NGO who was present there. 7.7.1.1 Issues Raised Site promised The participants were agitated that they are now being consulted for the suitability of a site (AIR site) whereas they were promised a different site, the Hindustan Lever site, for providing houses for them. Further, they expressed their unhappiness and dissatisfaction over conducting this meeting at a time when the tenements in Hindustan Lever site was nearing completion. It was explained to them that allotment of tenements would be done by the District administration and TNSCB is only constructing tenements as requested by the District administration for allotment to tsunami affected families. Delay in allotment The beneficiaries wanted the allotments to tenements be made immediately without any further delay as they are finding it extremely difficult to live in temporary shelters. They also wanted the allotments to be made fishing hamlet wise and not all hamlets pooled together. It was again reiterated that TNSCB has no role in the allotment of tenements and they need to send in their request to the district administration.


7-6

Non suitability of AIR site The beneficiaries wanted the alternate site to be within the jurisdiction of Chennai city and close to their place of fishing. The Hindustan Lever site according to them fits their requirement. Further, they said that if they were to be relocated in AIR site, they would have to spend Rs.20/- per day on conveyance out of their daily earning of Rs.50/-. The AIR site coming under Thiruvallur District would result in them having to approach a different administration for their needs. It was explained to them that their request for allotment in Hindustan Lever site, as promised earlier, would be considered favorably1. 7.7.2 Second Meeting The second public meeting for the beneficiaries living in Thiruchinankuppam fishing hamlet, being tsunami affected hamlet as enumerated by the Thiruvallur District administration, was conducted on 18th December 2006 at 2.00pm in a marriage hall at Kaladipet, Thiruvottriyur. The meeting was attended by 92 people and the attendance sheet of the participants is enclosed as Annexure 9 to this report. 7.7.2.1 Issues Raised Suitability of the Site Most of the participants expressed their consent for building tenements in the AIR site and requested that the construction be expedited so that they could occupy the tenements at the earliest. They were informed that TNSCB has proposed to complete the construction within a year and would ensure that there are no delays. Amenities required The participants wanted drinking water supply, school, hospital facility and transport facility to be provided in the site. They wanted government to offer transport services free of cost as they have gone through a lot of difficulty after tsunami. They were informed that the proposed project will address their requirements and regarding free transport services it was explained that it will not be feasible. Size of the unit All the participants wanted each dwelling unit to have atleast two rooms. The present plan that provided for only one room was said to be not suited for a family and said that there will be no privacy in such tenements. They requested that they be provided two-roomed dwelling units so as to ensure that the children have a separate room to sleep2. The participants were told that their request for a larger dwelling unit would be communicated to the authorities.

1 TNSCB proposes to allot all tenements at Hindustan Liver Limited site to transit resettlers at Cellcrete block industries site, thus the demand of beneficiaries in this context is met. 2 According to TNSCB, due to land constraint at the site, it is not feasible to built two room tenements.


7-7

7.7.3 Third Meeting The third public meeting for the beneficiaries living in Onndikuppam fishing hamlet, being tsunami affected hamlet as enumerated by the Thiruvallur District administration, was conducted on 18th December 2006 at 3.30pm in a marriage hall at Kaladipet, Thiruvottriyur Only 3 participants attended the meeting and the others could not come as the entire community was involved in resolving a dispute with the neighbouring hamlet. The attendance sheet of the participants is enclosed as Annexure 9 to this report. 7.7.3.1 Issues Raised Suitability of the Site The 3 participants felt that the AIR site would be detrimental to their profession as it is far off from their place of fishing. Since the present site along the coast was built earlier by the government, they wanted alternate new houses in the same location. Other than this they had no other issues. It was explained to them that the government is building houses away from the coast keeping their safety in mind and hence the present site along the coast, where they are currently living, will not be safe. 7.8 Recommendations While the proposed tenements would have all amenities in place, it is recommended that sewerage services are extended to the host community also. Further, the request of the host community for public toilets is in line with the total sanitation programme of the government and hence deserves to be considered favourably. The request for a police out-post is legitimate considering the large number of beneficiaries moving into the area. 7.9 Public Hearing A public hearing meeting was conveyed by the District Collector, Thiruvallur Dist and District Environmental Engineer, TNPCB Thiruvallur Dist, along with the members and project proponent on 18.08.2006 at 11 am in the District Collector’s Office. Various components of the EIA proposal were discussed. The Minutes of the meeting is enclosed in Annexure-3. The comments and suggestions raised in the meeting were studied and the issues raised in the meeting are addressed in this report where ever feasible.

CHAPTER 8

MITIGATION PLAN


8-1

CHAPTER 8

MITIGATION PLAN

8.1 Introduction This chapter focuses on the mitigation measures suggested for the impacts identified on the various environmental components due to the project activities. A detailed environmental management plan is presented to mitigate all the identified environmental impacts that are found to be significant. It is observed that most of the project impacts are related to construction phase activities and are minor and transient in nature. All of these impacts can be mitigated following good construction practices. . Possible impact on community water resources, if water for construction is sourced from local resources, is considered important and adequate measures for mitigation of such impacts have been recommended. In addition, the air quality and noise impacts due to the concentration of construction vehicles on the internal roads of nearby residential areas are considered significant and require mitigation. During the operation phase, the project is expected to improve the quality of life of the beneficiaries. The negative impacts during this phase may arise due to inadequate provision of supporting infrastructure or its inadequate maintenance. The management plans to mitigate the likely negative impacts due to the project activity is categorized into construction and operation phases for easy reference and are presented below 8.2 Construction Phase 8.2.1 Impact on Air Quality Impact on the air quality at the construction site and its adjoining areas during the construction phase would be mainly due to the operation of construction machinery at the site and use of vehicles for transporting the construction material. Since the project involves large-scale construction activity the negative impacts on the air quality would be significant during this phase. The impact on the air quality due to the operation of construction machineries in the site is found to be insignificant given the vast area of the site and the prevailing wind movement pattern. However, the negative impacts created as a result of movement of construction vehicles needs critical attention. For mitigation of these impacts following measures are suggested.

• Alternative access routes to the site should be developed bypassing the residential areas to avoid air and noise pollution.

• Vehicles transporting construction materials prone to fugitive dust emissions should be covered.

• Trucks carrying sand should be provided with tarpaulin sheets to cover the bed and sides of the trucks.

• Idling of delivery trucks or other equipment should not be permitted during loading and unloading

• All construction vehicles should comply with air emission standards and be maintained properly.

• Dust suppression measures in addition to the traffic management should be followed on these roads


8-2

• Improvement of access and haul roads by resurfacing with accordance to the standards adequate to withstand the movement of heavy construction vehicles.

8.2.2 Impact on Noise Levels The noise pollution during the construction phase would be mainly due to movement of vehicles transporting the construction material to the project site and due to the noise generating activities at the site itself. As per the traffic management plan envisaged during the construction phase (entry and exit to the site along the TAMIN land and north-east corner of the site connected to Ennore Expressway respectively), the construction related traffic will effectively bypass the residential areas west of the site. Significant impact on the sensitive receptors (near by residences) is therefore not perceived a significant impact. However, care need to be taken not to use the internal roads of residential area for construction related traffic. Apart from this, high noise generating construction equipments would have impact on the persons operating them and working near them. To mitigate these impacts during this phase the following measures are suggested.

• Restriction on the usage of noise generating activities and traffic movement in the residential areas to day light hours (7 a.m. to 7 p.m.) to avoid high noise and sleep disturbance to residents.

• Contracts should specify that the construction equipment should meet the noise and air emission levels as per EPA Rules, 1986.

• Generator sets should be provided with noise shields around them. • Vehicles used for transportation of construction material should be well maintained. • The workers operating high noise machinery or operating near it should be provided with

ear plugs. • The high noise generating stationary machinery should be located at the southern or

central portion of the site 8.2.3 Impact on Pedestrian Safety along the Transportation Links for Construction

Vehicles The issue of pedestrian safety along transportation links for construction vehicles between the site and the main roads could be a significant concern in view of significant volume of construction related traffic. Although, these area has a number of by-lanes that connect the residential areas with the main roads, and pedestrian traffic along the approach roads to the site could be minimized, it is suggested that pedestrian pathway should be constructed along the approach roads of the site to separate the pedestrian movement from that of construction vehicles. In addition, provision of signage and deploying flagmen during peak pedestrian traffic hours (school going children) should be made. 8.2.4 Impact on Micro Climate The project area is part of an already developed area although the project site as such is devoid of any structures. The site also supports a few trees. It is proposed that to the extent feasible the existing trees on the site will be integrated with the project development. Further, it is suggested that sufficient provision for on-site planting of shading trees should be made during the construction phase. Planting of about 1000 numbers of trees, of species like Poongamia Glabra, Morinda Gtinctoria, Azadirachta indica, Thespesia Populnae, Enferolobum Samana etc along the


8-3

roads and on the designated open spaces is envisioned, to ensure the improvement of micro-climatic condition of the project site. The following table presents the suggested green belt development in the project site.

Table 8.1: Suggested tree species for planting

8.2.5 Impact on Community Water Resources It is observed that there would be a need to device a suitable system for the use of local water resources if water for the construction is obtained from the local resources. Further necessary precautionary measures should also be devised to protect the quality of local water resources from the negative impacts of the construction activity. For these reasons following mitigation measures are suggested to protect the quality and quantity of the local water resources.

• To meet the water requirement during construction at the site water should be extracted only through shallow dug wells (not exceeding 6 m in depth).

• Wastewater discharges from construction site should not be directly let into the local water resources. It should be received in septic tanks of adequate capacity and disposed of appropriately.

• No community water resources should be tapped for construction water requirement without permission of village Panchayat.

• No feeder channels to village water ponds should be diverted or blocked during construction activity.

• Oil handling and storage area should be surfaced and provided with gutters and catch pit to intercept any accidental spillages.

• Waste oil spillages during the maintenance of construction vehicles should be collected and should be disposed to the nearest oil recycling units or areas specified for its disposal. The maintenance of the construction vehicles should be carried out in a cement platform provided with gutters and catch pits for the collection of oils spillage during the maintenance work.

8.2.6 Improvement of Water Resource It is proposed that the Chennai Metro Water Supply and Sewerage Board would provide potable water supply to the project site. However, it is observed that lack of potable water supply is one of the major problems encountered by the population already residing in the adjoining areas. While it is advised that TNSCB should make reliable arrangement to provide water to the resettlement colony, certain mitigation measures could be adopted during the construction phase like use of low volume flushing toilets, low volume faucets in the houses. Further, necessary provisions for roof water harvesting and abstraction wells with sump and pumping arrangement have been made in the EMP budget. The design of the facilities needs to be undertaken independently.

Suggested Locations

Along Access Roads

Along SecondaryRoads

Along Primary and Main Roads


8-4

An attempt was also made to assess the safe ground water exploitation that can be exercised at the site. The site has excellent drainage characteristics and rainwater falling on the roof and on the site should be diverted to the ground water through shallow infiltration wells. Such measures will augment the water availability for the host community as well as facilitate water availability at the site during period of shortage in water supply for regular sources. Considering that the water table rises to about within 1 m from the ground level at the site by the end of the monsoon and ground water up to a depth of 5 m can be easily tapped, with about 40 per cent pore volume and considering that draw down up to 5 m can be achieved at 50 per cent of the site area with out significantly impacting areas outside the site boundary, 140 million liter of ground water can be extracted at the site during the dry months. It is thus seen that about 20 percent of the potable water requirement of the settlement can be made by judicious use of the ground water. 8.2.7 Storm Water Drainage It is important that adequate storm water drainage facilities should be provided at the project site, given the condition that the site is land locked on all the sides. Considering the highly permeable soils at the project site (ref section 4.3), it is proposed that rain water harvesting measures should be effectively used for the storm water disposal. It is proposed to construct individual rainwater harvesting pits at each housing block level as a part of the proposed project development activities (ref section 3.11). It is further proposed that rainwater-harvesting pits would be constructed at regular intervals at the site level, along the roads, opens spaces and at public spaces of the housing colony for the disposal of storm water from the common areas of the development. Provision is also made for construction of 6 number of 6m diameter and 6m deep abstraction well with suitable pumping arrangements at six different locations covering the entire area for alternative water supply in the site. 8.2.8 Health, Safety and Sanitation at Workers Camp It is expected that the project of this nature would involve employment of large quantity of construction workers over the entire construction time period. Necessary steps to maintain the sanitation and health standards of the construction workers should be adopted as a part of the project and should comply with the central Building and Other Construction Workers Act of 1996. A copy of the relevant sections of the act is attached as annexure for reference. It is suggested that the contractor should take following measures for safeguarding the construction workers.

• The contractor shall install adequate lavatories and baths at the construction camp to cater to the requirements of the workers.

• The contractor shall build septic tanks with adequate capacity at the workers colony and at construction yard.

• All organic waste generated at construction yard and worker camp should be composted in compost trench.

• Quarterly health check-ups of construction workers should be organized. • Adequate provision of water supply and fuel for cooking should be made at workers

colony. • The living space at workers camp should meet the norms prescribed by the government.


8-5

• Provision should be made to create AIDs awareness among the construction workers and the near by population.

8.2.9 Improvement of Access Roads and Amenities at the Host Community It is observed that the existing access road connecting the project site with the Ernavur-Manali road in the south is narrow and is suggested to be improved by resurfacing. It is proposed to restrict the traffic of construction vehicles on the road as a one-way system considering the existing road width. It is suggested that, if possible, this road could be widened by acquiring about 10 m wide strip of land from the TAMIN land on the west. It is also observed that the distance to the Ennore road from the northeast corner of the site is only about 35 m and is suggested that a road connection should be developed in this area, which could be predominantly used for the transportation of construction materials to the site. This road would be of major importance to the inhabitants of the resettlement colony during its operational phase. It is observed that the approach road along the western boundary of the project site connecting the Ernavur-Manali road is flanked by encroachments on both sides and it would be necessary to relocate the encroachments in temporary shelters if this road is to be used for transportation of construction materials to the site. The connecting roads between the project site and the Ennore road that may be predominantly used by the resettled community passes through the host community and should be improved to cater to the needs of the additional population. Further, additional connecting roads to the project site should be established to provide multiple accesses to the resettlement colony. The host community also need to be provided with safe water supply. A provision for supplying water to the host community through public fountains has been budgeted under the EMP. It is further required that the community/common facilities in the resettlement colony are sized to meet the requirement of the host community. It is observed that suitable mitigation measures like implementation of proposed solid waste management system in the host community area, provision of community waste bins for the collection of solid wastes, construction of common toilets catering to the needs of the surrounding residents etc, should be considered before the start of construction activity at the project site. Adequate provisions have been made as the part of the proposed EMP.


8-6

Table 8.2: Environmental Management Plan

Sr. No

Environmental Impact

Mitigation Measures Implementing

Agency Monitoring

Agency (i) Air pollution

due to emissions from construction machinery and movement of vehicles.

a) Vehicles transporting construction materials prone to fugitive dust emissions should be covered.

b) Trucks carrying sand should be provided with tarpaulin sheets to cover the bed and sides of the trucks.

c) Idling of delivery trucks or other equipment should not be permitted during loading and unloading.

d) All construction vehicles should comply with air emission standards and be maintained properly.

e) Development of alternative access routes to the site bypassing the residential areas to avoid air pollution.

Civil Contractor

TNSCB

(ii) Air pollution, noise and safety hazard due to movement of construction vehicles through internal roads of residential areas.

a) Identification of alternate access roads to the site to facilitate one-way movement of traffic or reduction of traffic density on any particular road.

b) Improvement of road surface to standards adequate to withstand movement of heavy construction vehicles.

c) Installing appropriate signage and deploying flagmen during peak traffic period to regulate the movement of traffic.

Civil Contractor

TNSCB


8-7

Sr. No



Agency Monitoring

Agency (iii) Noise pollution

due to operation of construction machinery at the site.

a) Construction contracts should specify that the construction equipment should meet the noise and air emission levels as per EPA Rules, 1986.

b) Generator sets should be provided with noise shields around them.

c) Vehicles used for transportation of construction material should be well maintained.

d) The workers operating high noise machinery or operating near it should be provided with ear plugs

e) The high noise generating stationary machinery should be located at the southern or central portion of the site

Civil Contractor

TNSCB

(iv) Impact on community water resources (quantity).

a) To meet the water requirement during construction at the site water should be extracted only through shallow dug wells (not exceeding 8 m in depth)

b) No community water resources should be tapped for construction water requirement without permission of village Panchayat.

c) No feeder channels to village water ponds should be diverted or blocked during construction.

Civil Contractor

TNSCB

(v) Impact on community water resources (quality).

a) All waste water discharges from construction site will be received in septic tanks, adequate capacity and soak pits of

b) Oil handling and storage area will be surfaced and provided with catch pit to intercept any accidental spillages.

Civil Contractor

TNSCB


8-8

Sr. No



Agency Monitoring

Agency (vi)

Sanitation and healthcare at workers camp.

a) The contractor shall install adequate lavatories and baths at the construction camp to cater to the requirements of the workers.

b) The construction camp should be located on the south-west corner of the site

c) The contractor shall build septic tanks with adequate capacity at the workers colony and at construction yard.

d) All organic waste guaranteed at construction yard and worker camp should be composted in compost trench.

e) Quarterly health check-ups of construction workers should be organized at workers colony.

f) Adequate provision of water supply and fuel for cooking should be made at workers colony.

g) The living space at workers camp should meet the norms of Indian Labour Law.

h) Provision of AIDs awareness to construction workers and to the near by population.

Civil Contractor

TNSCB


8-9

Sr. No



Agency Monitoring

Agency (vii) Improvement of

Access Roads to the site

a) Improvement and widening of the existing access roads on the south side connecting the project site with the Ernavur-Manali road.

b) Establishing road connection at the north-east corner of the site between the Ennore road and the project site.

c) Relocation of the encroachments in temporary shelters if the approach road along the western boundary of the project site connecting the Ernavur-Manali road is used for transportation of construction materials to the site.

d) Establishment of additional connecting roads to the project site to provide multiple accesses points.

Civil Contractor

TNSCB

(viii) Improvement of amenities at the host community

a) Construction of public toilets. b) Provision of community waste

bins and implementation of proposed solid waste management systems at the host community.

c) Provision of safe potable water supply to the host community through public fountains.

d) Sizing of community/common facilities in the resettlement colony to meet the requirement of the host community.

Civil Contractor

TNSCB

(ix) Impact on Micro Climate

a) On-site planting of shading trees

b) Planting of about 850 numbers of trees, of species like Poongamia Glabra, Morinda Gtinctoria, Azadirachta indica, Thespesia Populnae, Enferolobum Samana etc along the roads and on the designated open spaces to ensure the improvement of micro-climatic condition of the project site.

TNSCB TNSCB


8-10

8.3 Operation Phase It is envisioned that the impacts on the environmental parameters during the operation phase would be mainly related to the adequacy in provision and functioning of infrastructure facilities provided in the project site. To mitigate the negative impacts and to improve the maintenance of the infrastructure facilities the Environmental Mitigation Plan strongly suggests that community groups should be formed and the residents of the housing colony should be involved in the process. The details of the system and the institutional arrangement required for its functioning are described below with respect to different infrastructure heads. 8.3.1 Provision for Solid Waste Management It is proposed that the solid waste collected from the project site would be disposed in the Thiruvottiyur waste disposal site by the respective local body. However, it is observed that management of solid waste generated in the nearby settlements is very poor. This condition demands devising of a systematic process for the collection of waste, from the households, and its transportation from the rehabilitation-housing colony, to make the Solid Waste Management in the project site more effective. Considering the low-paying capacity of the beneficiary community, it is suggested that TNSCB should assist the community in formation of a housing society and in the provision of necessary supporting infrastructure for the collection and disposal of the solid waste. It is suggested that housing society will be made responsible for the day to day functioning of the solid waste management system by the way of collecting a nominal service charge from the beneficiary community. Further, it is suggested that community bins would be provided at selected location for regular excavation of solid waste from the site. For providing an understanding of the costs factor involved in the implementation of the suggested system a working model was developed. For the calculation purpose, it is assumed that one tricycle would cover collection of solid wastes from 6 blocks in one hour. Considering that a tricycle makes 3 trips per day, the total number of tricycles required to cover all the 235 blocks would be about 13. Considering that 2 tricycles would be kept as a stand by, the total number of tricycle that would be required for the implementation of the system would be about 15 nos. The investment needs of the supporting infrastructure required for the system and the method of calculation of service charge is detailed in the Table 8.3

Table 8.3 – Investment Need and Cost Recovery Model of the Proposed Solid Waste Management System

Sl. No

Infrastructure needs Number of Facilities

Unit rate (Rs) Total Amount

(Rs) Supporting Infrastructure needs for the collection and transportation (one time invst.) 1 Tricycle for the door to door

collection of waste 15 20,000 Rs 3,00,000

2 Other appliances like waste bins, bells etc

L.S 1,00,000

3 Construction of shed and for the disposal of waste collected from the house holds

1 shed of 75 Sq.mts in size

3000 Rs per Sq.Mts

2,25,000


8-11

4 Construction of loading platform with provision for ramp

50 Sqmts approx

2000 Rs per Sq.Mts

1,00,000

5 Provision of community bins at selected locations

75 500 Rs per bin 37,500

Total Investment Need (one time) 7,62,500 Running and Maintenance Expenses 1 Salary 13 people

employed in collection and 1 supervisor

3,000 Rs per collection employee per month & 4,000 Rs for supervisor per month

43,000/month

2 Other incidental expenses L.S 5,000/month Total Running Expense 48,000/month

5,76,000/year Recovery Cost Model 1 Interest from the Corpus fund

made available to the housing society by TNSCB

40,00,000 Rs deposited in the bank @8% annual interest

3,20,000

2 Annual Contribution from the residents

5640 45.5 Rs 2,56,600

Total amount available for meeting the running expenses

5,76,600/year

8.3.2 Maintenance of Quality of Life It is suggested that the quality of life in the re-habilitation colony would be maintained through the formation of community voluntary groups and involvement of housing society members in the process. The community groups would be involved in the activities like

• Maintenance of community assets to ensure their smooth functioning • Development and Maintenance of green belts and open spaces. • Conducting community meetings and creating awareness among the community

members for the efficient usage of infrastructure facilities like conservation of potable water, maintenance of infrastructure facilities etc.

It is suggested necessary training should be conducted for the community voluntary groups to equip them to carry out their functions. Womens should be encouraged to participate in the community voluntary group. Further it is suggested that TNSCB should also take necessary actions for the adequate provision of supporting infrastructures within the project time frame to maintain the quality of life in the project site. 8.3.3 Formation of Housing Society As mentioned earlier the housing in the resettlement colony is proposed to be constructed in the form of multi-storied structures (G+3) that require the inhabitants to involve in community based, collective living. The beneficiaries occupy the individual dwelling spaces but share


8-12

common amenities and facilities like corridors, staircases, water supply, electricity, sewerage facilities, public facilities, open spaces etc. It is proposed that a housing society should be formed in the housing colony by the beneficiaries community to facilitate the maintenance of the common amenities and facilities. It is suggested that TNSCB and other line government agencies should facilitate the formation of society in the resettlement colony. The formation of a housing society is to enable and facilitate the smooth functioning of “co-operative living.” Objectives of Co-Operative Society The main objectives of a co-operative society is to

• Mutual help instead of competition • Self help instead of dependence • Render service rather than making profit

Duties of the Societies

• Maintenance of the quality of infrastructure provided in the site through the involvement of community voluntary groups, thus maintaining the quality of life in the rehabilitation colony.

• It can enter in to a contract and can institute and defend suits and other legal proceedings in the common interest of the colony.

• The society can collect fees and receive deposits, loans from the members and other persons within the area of operation of the society and /or on conditions imposed by the members.

• There are restrictions on the transactions with the non-members. Management of Societies

• The society would be managed by a general body constituted of members residing in the resettlement colony and officials from the line government agencies and work towards the general welfare of the colony.

• The final authority and management of the society vests in the general body of the society comprising of all the members.

• General body meetings can be called at regular interval to review the works and needs of the colony.

• The members of the general body can be elected by the residential population of the colony.

• The general body would work in close coordination with TNSCB and other line government agencies towards maintaining the quality of life in the housing colony.

Table 8.4 – Environment Mitigation Plan – Operation Phase

Sr No

Environmental Impacts

Mitigation Measures Organizational / Monitoring Arrangements

Training Requirements

Implementing Arrangements

(i) Unsanitary conditions in the rehabilitation site due to inadequate management of solid waste.

1. Provision for door –to-door collection of waste from the households and arrangement for its regular removal from the site

2. Participation of community groups in the collection and disposal process.

Formation of housing society by involving community voluntary groups and creation of a corpus funds that could be utilized for the solid waste management in the project site.

1.Training and awareness programs with the community members. 2. Training for the door-to-door collection and segregation of waste.

TNSCB would monitor the solid waste collection and will be responsible for the disposal of the waste. Day to day functioning of waste collection and management of fund would be the responsibility of the housing society

1. Provision of rainwater infiltration through shallow wells at the site to augment ground water resources

Association between the community group, housing society and TNSCB for the maintenance and operation of the system.

Training and awareness program with the community members for the proper maintenance of the facility

TNSCB through the community group

2. Provision for regular potable water supply of 2 mld to meet the drinking water needs of the residents population

TNSCB forming a task force with the Chennai Metro Water Supply and Sewerage Board to monitor the consistency in supply of potable water.

Awareness program with the residents population for the conservation of potable water.

TNSCB with Chennai Metro Water Supply and Sewerage Board

(ii) Maintenance of adequate quality of life standard in the resettlement site

3. Provision for adequate maintenance of assets to ensure their smooth functioning

Association between the community group, housing society and TNSCB for the maintenance and operation of the system.

Training for the community groups on the maintenance needs.

TNSCB with the Community group

Sr No

Environmental Impacts

Mitigation Measures Organizational / Monitoring Arrangements

Training Requirements

Implementing Arrangements

4. Development and maintenance of green-belt and green areas to over come micro-climatic impacts

TNSCB in association with the community monitoring group

Training to the community group on plant maintenance

Contractor, TNSCB with the community group


8-15

8.4 Budgetary Requirements Estimated cost of implementing recommended environmental management measures is presented in Table 8.5. It is observed that a total provision of Rs.4,26,75,000 is required for implementing of EMP. The cost of environmental management plan has been fully factored in the project cost1. A detailed breakup of the cost is presented in Annexure-4.

Table 8.5: Cost of Environmental Mitigation Measures

Sr. No.

Items of Cost Rate (In Rs.) Amount (In Rs.)

1 Plantation of 1000 trees along the site boundary and along the internal roads

1000 (including maintenance for 3 years)

10,00,000

2 Improvement of internal roads in the adjoining residential areas and providing surface drainage.

L.S 200,00,000

3 Corpus to ensure adequate management of solid waste (including cost for covering host community)

L.S 80,00,000

4 Initial investment for supporting infrastructure for solid waste management

L.S 15,25,000

5 Well and Sump arrangement for water supply at Six locations covering the area

LS 62,50,000

6 Water supply arrangements at the host community by providing public fountain.

LS 11,00,000

7 Construction of public toilets (8 bocks) L.S 40,00,0008 Consultations and awareness programmes L.S. 8,00,000

Total 4,26,75,000

1 The budgetary estimate do not include the cost for infrastructure development within the resettlement colony, which has been budgeted separately as a part of the project cost. The estimates refer only to the budgetary requirement for the implementation of proposed mitigation measures suggested as a part of the study.

CHAPTER 9

REHABILITATION IMPLEMENTATION PLAN


9-1

CHAPTER 9

REHABILITATION IMPLEMENTATION PLAN

A well-defined institutional arrangement and implementation mechanism is very important for timely and successful implementation of any plan. The success or failure of a Resettlement and Rehabilitation (R&R) programme predominantly depends on the officers responsible for its implementation. Therefore it is appropriate to define the type of institutional arrangement and implementation mechanism proposed for the R&R programme. 9.1 Implementation Authority The Tamil Nadu Slum Clearance Board (TNSCB) which is responsible for the implementation of this project, ‘Tenements for Tsunami affected at All India Radio Site in Thiruvottiyur’, and other related components will be responsible for the implementation of the Resettlement Plan (RP). The TNSCB will constitute Project Implementing Unit (PIU) which will be under the direction of the Executive Engineer, Vysarpadi Division, TNSCB, who is responsible for coordination of all components of ‘Tenements for Tsunami affected at All India Radio Site in Thiruvottiyur’. The PIU will be staffed with an Officer – Resettlement and Rehabilitation of the rank of Assistant Engineer (AE-RR) from the same Divisional Office. The AE-RR will be supported by one Community Development staff drawn from TNSCB head office, familiar with consultation and relocation activities, for a period of three months (intermittently) or till the end of the implementation of the RP. 9.2 NGO Recruitment Since this project involves allotment of tenements in the proposed project as resettlement measure for 70 PAHs and providing livelihood assistance to 2 PAHs, there is no need for a separate NGO to facilitate the RP implementation and the same can be undertaken by the community development officer of TNSCB who will be involved in the implementation of this RP. The designated Community Development Officer (CDO) of TNSCB will be responsible for the following tasks:

• Develop rapport with PAPs, • Issue of photo identity cards to each of the PAFs after completing the verification, • Verify the genuineness of the PAFs who were not identified at the time of baseline socio-

economic survey, • To create awareness about the resettlement and rehabilitation measures, • Explain and counsel why some PAFs are beneficiaries and why some are not (as absentee

owners will not be entitled for alternate house), • Assist the PAFs in allotting dwelling units in the proposed tenements, • Assist the PAFs in the transition, • Disbursement of funds, • Ensure that the PAFs obtain the assistance that is allocated to them,


9-2

• Accompany and represent the PAFs at the grievance redressal committee meetings, and • Carry out any other responsibilities as required and identified.

9.3 Project Supervision In order to oversee the timely implementation of the programme and take appropriate decisions from time to time, the Project Management Unit (PMU) constituted at CRA will meet periodically to discuss the progress made in the RP implementation and take timely decisions to overcome any operational difficulties. 9.4 Implementation The entire programme will be implemented over a period of 3 months (intermittent). Each entitled unit (family/persons) will be issued an identity card that will list the support mechanisms and amount of assistance to be given. The key implementation activities are shown in the ‘Gantt Chart’ (page 37). The PIU will be established exclusively for the purpose of implementing the RP in order to complete the implementation in twelve weeks. However if there is any delay in implementation due to unforeseen circumstances, the period of PIU will be extended accordingly. 9.5 Co-ordination with civil works The PIU will be responsible for coordination of civil works and the RP for timely relocation of the PAHs. The PIU will be responsible for the overall co-ordination of RP and will ensure that construction of tenements are complete and all related amenities are in place before advising the PAHs to relocate to the tenements allotted to them. Further, it will be the responsibility of the PIU to ensure that the widening of the approach road in the Western side is not taken up for construction until all PAHs occupy their respective tenements. By ensuring this the shifting of PAHs temporarily does not arise and the PAHs can continue to live in the same place until the tenements are ready for occupation. The PIU will also ensure that the western side of the site is adequately safeguarded during construction operation. 9.6 Training and Development of Staff To strengthen the PIU, a couple of training activities will be planned for the duration of the project. These training programmes will cover subjects such as policy framework, identification and verification of beneficiaries, public consultations, resettlement action plan, compliance, and coordination with civil work. 9.7 Resettlement site Based on the feedback obtained during the socio-economic survey, wherein all PAHs had opted for a house in the AIR site being developed to house Tsunami affected, there is no need for identifying, selecting and developing a separate resettlement site.


9-3


9-4

9.8 Steps in Implementation The main steps in implementation of the programme include:

• Establishment of the PIU, • Imparting training to the staff to be involved in implementation, • Issuing identity cards to PAHs, • Disbursement of RP assistance, • Consultation and allotment of dwelling units, • Delivery of completed dwelling units fit for occupation, and • Impact evaluation

9.9 Grievances Redressal Mechanism Any aggrieved PAP will be directed to approach the Chief Engineer (TNSCB) and subsequently if not satisfied to the Special Officer, ETRP/TEAP at CRA, Ezhilagam. Petitions received will be acknowledged within 7 days from the date of receiving the petition. The action taken on the grievance will be communicated to the aggrieved PAP through registered letter within 30 days from the date of receipt of the petition. The project affected person can go through these two levels of grievance redressal forum available to the PAP and if not satisfied can appeal in the court of law. Step-by-step process for registering and redressing of grievances, response time, communication modes, mechanism for appeal and the provisions to approach civil courts in case of other provision fail will be disseminated. These will be prepared in the local language and distributed to all the PAHs at the time of issuing identity cards. 9.10 Costs and Budget The following table (Table 5.1) gives the estimated cost for the Resettlement Plan. The costs and unit rates are based on the information collected during baseline social survey. The cost of RP is Rs.3.56 lakhs.

Table 9.1: Budget Estimate

Component Unit Unit Rate (in lakhs)

Quantity Amount (in lakhs)

Compensation Temporary Structures Sq.m 0.0059 229.12 1.34 R&R Assistance Assistance for loss of livelihood (2 petty shops)

One Time 0.090 2.00 0.18

Shifting Allowance One time 0.005 70.00 0.35 General Training for staff - - LS 0.50 Administrative expenses - - LS 0.60


9-5

Component Unit Unit Rate (in lakhs)

Quantity Amount (in lakhs)

Sub Total 2.97 Contingency @ 20% 0.59 Total 3.56

Notes and assumption for costing a) Replacement cost for kutcha structures (thatched building with casuarina poles) is based on current cost for construction of similar structure plus 30% solatium (inline with solatium provided by government for land acquisition). b) For loss of livelihood, 6-month income has been provided for, as livelihood assistance. Income declared at the time of BSS has been used for budgeting purpose. c) Shifting allowance of Rs.500/- has been provided for all PAFs who would be shifting to the adjoining tenements for shifting their belongings and for loss of one day income. 9.11 Monitoring and Evaluation Though sizeable number of PAPs are involved, the impact to the PAPs is one and the same and hence TNSCB itself can do the concurrent monitoring. A consultant will be appointed who would undertake an impact evaluation, six months after the implantation of the RP. TNSCB will monitor the R&R activities and prepare monthly progress reports in terms of physical and financial indicators and submit the same to the Special Officer, ETRP/TEAP. In addition, the monitoring process will also look into the communication and reactions of PAPs, use of grievance procedures and information to PAPs on benefits, options and implementation timetable. The progress report will be reviewed by the PMU. For the impact evaluation the consultant would collect primary data from the PAPs and compare the same with the BSS data collected. Some of the key socio-economic indicators that would be used to assess the success of the project are listed below

• Type of dwelling unit • Size of dwelling unit • Access and quality of basic amenities such as water, electricity, toilet, separate kitchen,

and • Income levels

CHAPTER 10

ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS


10-1

CHAPTER 10

ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS 10.1 Introduction Environmental Monitoring is carried out to record the environmental parameters likely to be affected by the project at pre-defined intervals. The purpose of these observations is to ensure that the mitigation measures are adequate and the residual negative impacts remain within acceptable limits. Where necessary, these observations also help in timely up gradation of mitigation measure. In the context of this project, the negative environmental impacts, although minor, will be experienced during the construction period. The environmental monitoring therefore focuses on construction phase and aims to give an indication of level of compliance with the recommended mitigation measures. In addition to direct observations of environmental parameters, periodic inspection to ensure compliance with good construction practices and adherence to distance norms for locating the construction yards and workers camp is also recommended. During the operation phase, the recommended monitoring is limited to visual observations on the site to see that the infrastructure facilities are working appropriately and ground water quality observations in the wells and sump provided for auxiliary water supply. As the funding for the project is sought from World Bank, it will be necessary by TNSCP to provide quarterly compliance reports to World Bank. Necessary recommendation for institutionalizing the monitoring and reporting is also provided. 10.2 Construction Phase Monitoring Air quality during the construction phase will be monitored at the downwind boundary of construction site. Monitoring will be carried out at an interval of three months covering the entire construction period. On each occasion, ambient air quality will be monitored to yield 8 hourly averages over 24 hours on two days interspersed by a two-day interval in one week. Air quality monitoring would be carried out for SO2, NOx, SPM, RPM and CO. Along with the air quality observations, ambient noise level measurements would also be carried out. The observations will be repeated every third month and will cover the entire construction period. The observations will be made by using a continuous recording type noise meter and results will be expressed as Leq(day) and Leq(night). As the site is accessible through main roads, it will not be necessary to conduct noise or air quality monitoring along the haul routs. 10.3 Operation Phase Monitoring During the operation phase, quarterly observations on adequate operations of supporting infrastructure at the site will be made through direct observations and questionnaire based survey by an independent agency. The frequency of observations will be lowered to once in six months after two years of occupation of the site by the inhabitants. During the first two years water quality monitoring will undertaken for

(i) Potable water quality as per IS 1050 for water samples drawn from the ground water storage tanks and wells.

(ii) Effluent channel of the STP to assess the quality of discharges from the site.


10-2

Table 10.1 and Table 10.2 present the budgetary estimate for the recommended environmental monitoring for construction and operation phase, respectively. Estimates have been arrived at assuming 12 months of major construction activities at the site.

Table 10.1: Budget for Environmental Monitoring -Construction Phase

Sr. No

Items Location and Frequency Rate

(Rs.)

Total Cost

(Rs.)

1 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring

2 locations at the site, 4 times in 12 months, for 2 days at each occasion, 3 samples every day (samples 48, 8 hourly analysis)

Rs. 6000/- per sample.

288,000

2 Noise Monitoring 2 locations at site, 2 times at each site, for 2 days at each occasion, 4 times in 12 months (32 samples)

Rs.2000/- per day.

64,000

3 Supervision by professional agency

4 times in a year L. S. 200,000

Total 552,000

Table 10.2: Budget for Environmental Monitoring – Operation Phase

Sr. No

Items Location and Frequency Rate (Rs.) Total Cost

1 Water Quality (potable)

20 samples, 4 times in a year ( 80 samples)

Rs.2000 per sample

160,000

2 Water Quality (effluent channel from STP)

2 samples, 12 times in a year ( 24 samples)

Rs. 2000 per location

48,000

3 Visual and questionnaire based survey

2 days of effort by a team of 2 professionals in field and 2 days in office, 4 times in a year

L. S. 100,000

4 Supervision of environmental monitoring

4 times in year L. S. 100,000

Total 408,000

10.4 Institutional Arrangement TNPCB will hire an environmental consulting firm to undertake the monitoring and prepare reports for submission to the World Bank. The consulting firm will also write the terms of Reference for environmental monitoring by a reputed monitoring firm with NABL accreditation and supervise the monitoring. The consulting form will also undertake visual observations and questionnaire based survey to ensure adequate provision and maintenance of supporting infrastructure. 10.5 Budget for Environmental Monitoring The over all budgetary provision of Rs. 5.52 lakhs for environmental monitoring during the construction phase and Rs. 4.08 lakh per year during the operation phase has been made. The


10-3

monitoring requirement for the operation phase should be reviewed after three years. The funds for monitoring should be made available in project budget. 10.6 Terms of reference for Environmental Monitoring The terms of reference for the environmental consulting firm is enclosed as a part of Annexure – 1.

Annexure - 1

Final Report on Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for Construction of Tenements at All India Radio Land, Thiruvottriyur Annexure - 1

I-1

Annexure - 1

Terms of Reference for Environmental Monitoring of TNSCB Tenements at All India Radio Site, Thiruvottiyur

Tamil Nadu Slum Clearance Board (TNSCB) has taken a major initiative for construction of 5640 multi storeyed tenements at All India Radio site, Thiruvottiyur, for the Tsunami affected slum dwellers under the World Bank Assistance. As a part of the Environment Management Plan prepared for the project, it is recommended that periodic monitoring of the environmental parameters, identified to be crucial, should be carried out to ensure its compliance and adherence to the norms prescribed by the central and state government agencies. This demands appointment of an environmental consulting firm to undertake the monitoring process and prepare reports for submission to the World Bank. Objective: The objective of the assignment is to monitor the environment quality at the project site during its construction and operation phases and assist TNSCB for its compliance with the norms prescribed by the central and state government agencies. The consulting firm would be primarily involved in supervising, monitoring and recording the environmental parameters likely to be affected by the project. The consulting firm should ensure that mitigation measures proposed as a part of the EMP are adopted so that the residual negative impacts remain within acceptable limits. Scope of Work: The scope of work is dealt in two phases. Phase – I covers the construction phase while the operation phase covers Phase – II of the assignment. (i) Phase – I: The Consultant would undertake the supervision and monitoring of Environmental Parameters that experiences considerable impacts during the construction phase. The task would involve:

• Selection of Sites for Monitoring Air Quality and Noise level with regards to construction

activity and adjoining land use in consultation with the TNSCB. • Ensuring regular Environment Monitoring Tests being carried out in the project site and in

the adjoining areas as per the recommendations of the EMP and making periodic site inspections as needed by TNSCB.

• Environmental Monitoring as per TNPCB/MOEF/World Bank guidelines. • Preparation of Quarterly compliance reports to World Bank/ TNPCB/MOEF. • Assisting TNSCB by suggesting timely up gradation of mitigation measure by reviewing the

monitoring results and the complaints raised by the host community. • Assisting TNSCB during review meetings with the line agencies.

General Guidelines and Frequency of Monitoring: Air quality during the construction phase shall be monitored at the downwind boundary of construction site closure to the host community, in consultation with TNSCB. Monitoring will be carried out at an interval of three months covering the entire construction period. On each occasion, ambient air quality will be monitored to yield 8 hourly averages over 24 hours on two days, interspersed by a two-day interval in one week. Air samples shall be collected at two locations with in the project site.


I-2

Ambient noise level measurements shall be carried out at an interval of every three months covering the entire construction period. Noise observations shall be made at two locations with in the project site, for two days during each occasion. In addition, air quality and noise monitoring shall be undertaken at 5 locations along the haul routs for construction material passing though the internal roads of nearby residential area. The observations will be repeated every third month and will cover the entire construction period through these settlements. The observations will be made at nearest sensitive receptor such as school or health centre along the road, if available. Otherwise, a suitable location near residential structures shall be covered. The measurement techniques to be adopted for environmental monitoring are elaborated below. A. Measurement of Ambient Air Quality Measurement of Suspended Particulate matter (SPM) and Respirable Particulate Matter (RPM) using High Volume sampler and Respirable Dust Sampler respectively as per TNPCB guidelines. The RPM would be collected on EPM 2000 Filter paper. Dust fall would be estimated using a Dust Fall apparatus as per BIS guidelines. Sulphur Dioxide to be measured by the method prescribed in IS: 5182 Part II, Method II (Improved West and Gaeke method) and sampling frequency guided by TNPCB guidelines. SO2 is absorbed in Sodium tetrachloromercurate. Oxides of Nitrogen to be measured by employing the method prescribed in IS: 5182 Part IV (Jacob and Hochheiser modified method) and TNPCB guidelines. Carbon Monoxide to be measured as per IS: 5182 Part X Hydrocarbon analysis as per IS: 5182 Part XVII.

B. Measurement of Ambient Noise levels Measurement of Ambient Noise level in the study area shall be carried out as per the guidelines of the TNPCB. The observations shall be made by using a continuous recording type noise meter with a built in capacitance microphone in the selected locations. The results shall be expressed as continuous equivalent sound pressure level (Leq) for day and night time, L10, L50 and L90 values. Comparison shall be made between the recorded levels and the standards for various categories and land use as per the TNPCB guidelines. (ii) Phase – II: During the phase – II, the consultant would carry out observations on the site for adequacy in the operations of infrastructure facilities at the site. The task would involve:

• Carrying out quarterly observations on the project site to access and ensure the adequacy in provision, maintenance and operations of the supporting infrastructure facilities at the site through direct visual observations and questionnaire-based survey. The frequency of observations shall be lowered to once in six months after two years of occupation on the site by the inhabitants.

• During the first two years water quality monitoring shall be undertaken to


I-3

1. Access the quality of water on the proposed open pond and on the proposed wells connected to this pond as per IS 1050. Twenty water samples shall be collected for testing once in three months with in the site.

2. Access the quality at effluent discharge disposed from the site. Two samples shall be collected for testing once in every month.

• Conduct quarterly site supervision visits, conduct detail study on the status of the infrastructure facilities and assist TNSCB in improvements, maintenance on the facilities.

• Preparation of Quarterly status report to TNSCB. • Assisting TNSCB during review meetings with the line agencies.

Time Duration of the assignment: Time duration of Phase – I would be 12-18 months and time duration of Phase – II would be a minimum of 12 months.

Annexure – 2


II-1

Annexure - 2

Indian Labour Rules and Acts

1 2


II-2

3 4


II-3

5 6


II-4

7 8


II-5

9 10


II-6

11

12


II-7

13

14


II-8

15

16


II-9

17

18

Annexure - 3


III-1

Annexure - 3

Minutes of Public Hearing Meeting


III-2


III-3

Annexure - 4


IV-1

Annexure - 4

Details Break-up of Cost for Proposed Environmental Mitigation Measures

Sl. No

Description Quantity Cost

1 Tree Planting Tree sapling and Planting cost 1000 @ 150 Rs/tree 1,50,000 Tree guard 1000 @ 600 Rs/tree 6,00,000 Maintenance cost for 3 years 1000 @ 250 Rs/tree 2,50,000 Total 10,00,0002 Improvement of Roads in the host community area Improvement of existing

approach road to cater to the heavy vehicle movement

1500m X 7.5 m width = 11250 M2

Development of Alternative Routs for Transportation 3750 M2

Total 15000 M2 @ 265 Rs/ M2 39,75,000 Improvement of roads of 6 mts

wide 2000 m @ 35 lakh/Km 70,00,000

Development of PCC side drains with cover 4000 m @ 2250 Rs/Rmt 90,00,000

Total

1,99,75,000 Say

2,00,00,0003 Well and Sump arrangement for Water Supply Construction of 6 wells of 6 m dia

and 6 m depth 6 nos @ 1,75,000 per well 10,50,000

Construction of 6 sumps of capacity 50,000 liters each 6 nos @ 4,00,000 per sump 24,00,000

Distribution System Laying of 150 mm dia main water

line 600 m X 6nos @ 660 Rs/Rmt 23,76,000

Laying of 50 mm dia distribution line 600 m X 6nos @ 120 Rs/Rmt 4,32,000

Total

62,58,000Say

62,50,0004 Water Supply arrangements at the Host Community area

a Water supply pipe line at the host community area

2000 m @ 200 Rs/Rmt 4,00,000

b Piping Accessories L.S 1,00,000c Construction of sump and other

common facilities L.S 6,00,000

Total 11,00,000


IV-2

Sl. No

Description Quantity Cost

5 Construction of Common toilets Cost for construction of single unit Construction of block of size

4mX18m with provision for 4 urinals, 5 water closets and 4 bath

72 M2 @ 5000 Rs/ M2 3,60,000

Sanitary fittings and Plumbing fittings

5 nos of water closets @ 1000 Rs per closet, water taps, 4 nos of

urinals 15,000

Tiles dadoing on the walls and tile flooring inside the bath and toilets 150 M2 @ 500 Rs/ M2 75,000

Construction of septic tank of size 4mX5mX4m LS 25,000

Provision of 1000 lit capacity OHT and Plumbing works LS 10,000

Total cost per toilet block 4,85,000 Say

5,00,000 Total cost for the construction of 8 toilets block (considering the

beneficiary population to be 2000 and at the rate of 1 WC per 50 people)

40,00,000

Annexure - 5


V-1

Annexure - 5

List of Project Affected Families

Summary of PAFs

S.No Name of Head of

Household Ownership Use Type of Structure

1 Sagunthala. K Squatter Residence Semi Permanent 2 Manonmani Squatter Residence Kutcha 3 Pakkiri Tenant Residence Kutcha 4 Krishnamurthy Squatter(NROs) Residence Kutcha 5 Munusamy Tenant Residence Kutcha 6 Ravichandran Tenant Residence Kutcha 7 Krishna Moorthi Tenant Residence Kutcha 8 Jothi Srinivasan Tenant Residence Kutcha 9 Saratha Tenant Residence Kutcha 10 Palanichamy Squatter (NROs) Residence Kutcha 11 Kani Ammal Tenant Residence Kutcha 12 Kumar Tenant Residence Kutcha 13 Nagoorkani Squatter (NROs) Residence Kutcha 14 Vengadesan Tenant Residence Kutcha 15 Sulochana Tenant Residence Kutcha 16 Sagunthala Squatter Residence Kutcha 17 Murugan Squatter Residence Kutcha 18 Karnan Squatter Residence Kutcha 19 Jagan Tenant Residence Kutcha 20 Krishna Moorthi Tenant Residence Kutcha 21 Elumalai Squatter Residence Kutcha 22 Saroja Squatter Residence Kutcha 23 Kanangaraj Squatter (NROs) Residence Kutcha 24 Nagalingam Tenant Residence Kutcha 25 Sugumar Tenant Residence Kutcha 26 Nainar Mohamed Squatter Residence Kutcha 27 Mohan. S Squatter Residence Kutcha 28 Sekar Tenant Residence Kutcha 29 Rajkumar. S Tenant Residence Kutcha 30 Amalraj Tenant Residence Kutcha 31 Babu. K Squatter Residence Kutcha 32 Elumalai Tenant Residence Kutcha 33 Jagatheesan Squatter Residence Kutcha 34 J.Rajan Squatter Residence Kutcha 35 Senthamarai Squatter Residence Permanent 36 Sangeetha Tenant Residence Permanent


V-2

S.No Name of Head of

Household Ownership Use Type of Structure

37 Srinivasan Squatter Residence Kutcha 38 Murugan Squatter Residence Kutcha 39 Jancyrani Tenant Residence Kutcha 40 Selvam Squatter Residence Permanent 41 Sivamoorthi Tenant Residence Permanent 42 Dhamotharan Squatter Residence Kutcha 43 Kandasamy Squatter Res & Bus Kutcha 44 Sankar Tenant Residence Kutcha 45 Babu Squatter Residence Kutcha 46 Perumal Squatter Residence Kutcha 47 Kandasamy Squatter (NROs) Residence Kutcha 48 Natarajan Tenant Residence Kutcha 49 Nainar Muhamed Squatter Residence Kutcha 50 Murugan Squatter Residence Kutcha 51 Murugesan Squatter Residence Kutcha 52 Ganesan Tenant Residence Kutcha 53 Abimanyu Squatter Res & Bus Kutcha 54 Anbu Tenant Residence Kutcha 55 Rahiman Batcha Tenant Residence Kutcha 56 Sankar Squatter Residence Permanent 57 Muniyandi Tenant Residence Permanent 58 Kannammal Tenant Residence Permanent 59 Rajesh Tenant Residence Permanent 60 Mahaboop Batcha Squatter Residence Kutcha 61 Saminathan Tenant Residence Kutcha 62 Narayanan Squatter (NROs) Residence Kutcha 63 Sasikumar Tenant Residence Kutcha 64 Vengadasangan Squatter Residence Permanent 65 Kattan Squatter Residence Kutcha 66 Kuruchappan Squatter Residence Kutcha 67 Sahayaprema Squatter Residence Kutcha 68 Mari Tenant Residence Kutcha 69 Selvaraj Squatter Residence Permanent 70 Suresh Tenant Residence Permanent 71 Manoharan Tenant Residence Permanent 72 Raju Tenant Residence Permanent 73 Kuppusamy Tenant Residence Permanent 74 Poomani Squatter Residence Permanent 75 Sankar Tenant Residence Permanent 76 Munirathnam Tenant Residence Permanent

Annexure - 6


VI-1

Annexure - 6

Samples of Notices issued to the Beneficiaries’ Households


VI-2


VI-3

Annexure - 7


VII-1

Annexure - 7

List of Participants during Preliminary Consultations

Table 1: Consultation with PAPs – List of participants S.No Name Address

1 S.Siva No.68, All India Radio Nagar, Ernavur,Chennai 600 057 2 B.Mani No.25, All India Radio Nagar, Ernavur,Chennai 600 057 3 D.Rajni No.39, All India Radio Nagar, Ernavur,Chennai 600 057 4 G.Kumar No.22, All India Radio Nagar, Ernavur,Chennai 600 057 5 Sulochana No.80, All India Radio Nagar, Ernavur,Chennai 600 057 6 Suguna No.22, All India Radio Nagar, Ernavur,Chennai 600 057 7 Kannima No.81, All India Radio Nagar, Ernavur,Chennai 600 057 8 A.Sasikala No.93, All India Radio Nagar, Ernavur,Chennai 600 057 9 S.Kani No.86, All India Radio Nagar, Ernavur,Chennai 600 057 10 R.Santhi No.87, All India Radio Nagar, Ernavur,Chennai 600 057 11 D.Vijaya No.78 A, All India Radio Nagar, Ernavur,Chennai 600 057 12 E.Murugan No.78 B, All India Radio Nagar, Ernavur,Chennai 600 057 13 Dhanalakshmi No.80, All India Radio Nagar, Ernavur,Chennai 600 057 14 Palani No.97 A, All India Radio Nagar, Ernavur,Chennai 600 057 15 Santhi No.97 B, All India Radio Nagar, Ernavur,Chennai 600 057

Table 2: Consultation with persons living opposite the

AIR site to its West – List of participants S.No Name Address

1 S.Govidaraj 29, All India Radio Nagar, Ernavur, Chennai - 600057 2 M.Gabrial 18, All India Radio Nagar, Ernavur, Chennai - 600057 3 Valliammal 28, All India Radio Nagar, Ernavur, Chennai - 600057 4 Alamelu 30, All India Radio Nagar, Ernavur, Chennai - 600057 5 G.Kumar 28A, All India Radio Nagar, Ernavur, Chennai - 600057 6 G.Shanmugam 28B, All India Radio Nagar, Ernavur, Chennai - 600057 7 Samundi 24, All India Radio Nagar, Ernavur, Chennai - 600057 8 Ramani 31, All India Radio Nagar, Ernavur, Chennai - 600057 9 Lakshmi 33, All India Radio Nagar, Ernavur, Chennai - 600057 10 Victor 3, All India Radio Nagar, Ernavur, Chennai - 600057 11 Jothi 75, All India Radio Nagar, Ernavur, Chennai - 600057 12 Dhamotharan 17, All India Radio Nagar, Ernavur, Chennai - 600057 13 Kuppu 17, All India Radio Nagar, Ernavur, Chennai - 600057 14 Indira 30, All India Radio Nagar, Ernavur, Chennai - 600057 15 Munusamy 26, All India Radio Nagar, Ernavur, Chennai - 600057 16 Lakshmi 82, All India Radio Nagar, Ernavur, Chennai - 600057 17 Kannan 20, All India Radio Nagar, Ernavur, Chennai - 600057 18 Kalavathi 26, All India Radio Nagar, Ernavur, Chennai - 600057 19 Samundeeswari 32, All India Radio Nagar, Ernavur, Chennai - 600057


VII-2

Table 3: Consultation with host community – List of participants

S.No Name Address 1 E.Anitha 24/541, I st Street, Nethaji Nagar, Ennore, Chennai - 600057 2 Muniammal 18/12, 5th Street, Nethaji Nagar, Ennore, Chennai - 600057 3 S.Vijay K.V. Puram, Ennore, Chennai - 600057 4 R.Karthikeyan 55, 4th Main Road, Ramakrishna Nagar, Ennore, Chennai - 600057 5 K.X.John Manuel 53, 4th Main Road, Ramakrishna Nagar, Ennore, Chennai - 600057 6 Subbammal 8, 3rd Street, Bharathi Nagar, Ennore, Chennai – 600057 7 Malaichamy 8, 3rd Street, Bharathi Nagar, Ennore, Chennai – 600057 8 P.Arunachalam 11/25, Ist Street, Beach Road, Nethaji Nagar, Ennore, Chennai 9 M.Kanagasabapathi 4, 8th Street, Beach Road, Nethaji Nagar, Ennore, Chennai - 60005710 Sumathi.R 2, 8th Street, Beach Road, Nethaji Nagar, Ennore, Chennai - 60005711 P.Panchatsaram 3, 8th Street, Beach Road, Nethaji Nagar, Ennore, Chennai - 60005712 M.Mallika 3, 8th Street, Beach Road, Nethaji Nagar, Ennore, Chennai - 60005713 M.Manonmani 2, 8th Street, Beach Road, Nethaji Nagar, Ennore, Chennai - 60005714 V.Vediammal 3, 8th Street, Beach Road, Nethaji Nagar, Ennore, Chennai - 60005715 V.Senkeniammal 13, 5th Street, Beach Road, Nethaji Nagar, Ennore, Chennai-60005716 S.Kalaivani 4, 8th Street, Beach Road, Nethaji Nagar, Ennore, Chennai-600057

Table 4: Consultation with beneficiaries – List of participants

S.No Name Address

1 N.Selvam 82, Phase III, Ennore Thermal Power Station, Ennore, Chennai – 600057

2 S.Palani 424, Phase III, Ennore Thermal Power Station, Ennore, Chennai – 600057

3 K.Murugan 479, Phase III, Ennore Thermal Power Station, Ennore, Chennai – 600057

4 V.Mani 835, Phase III, Ennore Thermal Power Station, Ennore, Chennai – 600057

5 S.Kali 202, Phase III, Ennore Thermal Power Station, Ennore, Chennai – 600057

6 A.Kutti 128, Phase III, Ennore Thermal Power Station, Ennore, Chennai – 600057

7 M.Munusamy 450, Phase III, Ennore Thermal Power Station, Ennore, Chennai – 600057

8 Amsa 684, Phase III, Ennore Thermal Power Station, Ennore, Chennai – 600057

9 Sumathi 508, Phase III, Ennore Thermal Power Station, Ennore, Chennai – 600057

10 Kanchana 512, Phase III, Ennore Thermal Power Station, Ennore, Chennai – 600057

11 Valli 426, Phase III, Ennore Thermal Power Station, Ennore, Chennai – 600057

12 K.Prema 99, Phase III, Ennore Thermal Power Station, Ennore, Chennai – 600057

13 Shantha 58, Phase III, Ennore Thermal Power Station, Ennore, Chennai – 600057


VII-3

14 K.Selvakumar 402, Phase III, Ennore Thermal Power Station, Ennore, Chennai – 600057

15 M.Kumar 105, Phase III, Ennore Thermal Power Station, Ennore, Chennai – 600057

16 Mahesh 100, Phase III, Ennore Thermal Power Station, Ennore, Chennai – 600057

17 S.Rajendran 120, Phase III, Ennore Thermal Power Station, Ennore, Chennai – 600057

18 P.Desingh 64, Phase III, Ennore Thermal Power Station, Ennore, Chennai – 600057

19 S.Karunakaran 508, Phase III, Ennore Thermal Power Station, Ennore, Chennai – 600057

20 M.Balaraman 104, Phase III, Ennore Thermal Power Station, Ennore, Chennai – 600057

21 Kuppusamy 407, Phase III, Ennore Thermal Power Station, Ennore, Chennai – 600057

Annexure - 8

Annexure - 9

environmental and social impact assessment for ...documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/... ·...

Documents