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Environmental Due Diligence Report
Project Number: 41403-013 November 2019
Cambodia: Urban Water Supply Project ‒ Pursat
Subproject (Expansion)
Prepared by the Ministry of Industry, Science, Technology & Innovation for the Asian Development Bank. This environmental due diligence report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
TABLE OF CONTENTS ...................................................................................................... i
LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................... i
LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................. i
ABBREVIATIONS .............................................................................................................. ii
UNITS ............................................................................................................................... iii
I. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................... 1
II. SUBPROJECT DESCRIPTION ................................................................................. 1
III. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT ..................................................... 5
A. Site Visit ................................................................................................................ 5
B. Rapid Environmental Assessment Checklist and Categorization ........................... 6
C. Description of Surrounding Environment ............................................................... 6
IV. GENERAL ISSUES RELATED TO THE ENVIRONMENT ......................................... 7
V. EXISTING FACILITIES AUDIT .................................................................................. 9
VI. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ..............................................................10
A. Review of Impacts ................................................................................................10
B. Institutional Arrangements ...................................................................................16
C. Environmental Monitoring Plan ............................................................................18
VII. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND DISCLOSURE .......................................................20
A. Public Consultation ..............................................................................................20
B. Disclosure ............................................................................................................20
VIII. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM ....................................................................20
IX. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS .........................................................21
A. Conclusions .........................................................................................................21
B. Recommendations ...............................................................................................22
Appendix 1: Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist ......................................23
LIST OF TABLES
Page
Table 1: Name of Villages and Proposed Lengths of Secondary and Tertiary Pipelines .... 3
Table 2: Potential Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures .................................11
Table 3: Roles and Responsibilities .................................................................................18
Table 4: Environmental Monitoring Plan...........................................................................19
LIST OF FIGURES
Page
Figure 1: Proposed Distribution Expansion ....................................................................... 4
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ABBREVIATIONS
ADB : Asian Development Bank
AP : Affected Person
CAP : Corrective Action Plan
CC : Construction Contractor
CEMO : Contractor Environmental Management Officer
CEMP : Contractor’s Environmental Management Plan
CMP : Construction Management Plan
DBST : Double Bituminous Surface Treatment
DDE : Detail Design Engineering
DDR : Due Diligence Report
DEIA : Department of Environmental Impact Assessment
DOE : Department of Environment
DPWT : Department of Public Works and Transport
DSC : Design and Supervision Consultant
EIA : Environmental Impact Assessment
EMAP : Environmental Management Action Plan
EMoP : Environmental Monitoring Plan
EMP : Environmental Management Plan
ES : Environmental Specialist
GDPWS : General Department of Potable Water Supply
GOC : Government of Cambodia
GRC : Grievance Redress Committee
GRM : Grievance Redress Mechanism
MIH : Ministry of Industry and Handicraft
MOE : Ministry of Environment
NES : National Environmental Specialist
NGO : Non-Government Organization
NR : National Road
OHS : Occupational, Health and Safety
PDOE : Provincial Department of Environment
PE : Polythylene Pipes
PEMO : PMU Environmental Management Plan
PIA : Project Implementation Assistance
PIAC : Project Implementation Assistance Consultant
PIU : Project Implementation Unit
PMU : Project Management Unit
PPE : Personal protective equipment
PSMO : PMU Safeguard Management Officer
PWW : Provincial Water Works
REA : Rapid Environmental Assessment (Checklist)
RGC : Royal Government of Cambodia
RP : Resettlement Plan
SPS : Safeguard Policy Statement (2009)
SOP : Standard Operation Procedure
UWSP : Urban Water Supply Project
UXO : Unexploded ordnance
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UNITS
cm : centimeter
dBA : decibels
km : kilometer
kW : kilowatt
m : meter
m3/day : cubic meter per day
mm : millimeter
ROW : right of way
: diameter
% : percent
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I. INTRODUCTION
1. The Urban Water Supply Project (UWSP) – Cambodia is an ongoing undertaking
funded through loan by the Asian Development Bank (ADB) which aims to improve
water supply infrastructure and services in selected provincial Water Works. The
project consists of four main outputs, namely:
• Output 1: Improvement of water supply systems in seven towns;
• Output 2: New water supply system for Stung Treng;
• Output 3: Expansion of water supply coverage in Siemreap; and
• Output 4: Project implementation support.
2. One intake pump with a capacity of 55kW and an additional pipe laying in some parts
of Pursat Municipality and Kandieng District of Pursat province were completed in
2019. On the pipe laying works, Pursat Provincial Water Works (PWW) is currently
proposing to expand the distribution network for another 15,500m to supply 602
households living in Pursat Municipality, Dandieng District and Bakan District by
2023.
3. The Project is classified as a Category C Project according to the ADB Safeguard
Policy Statement (SPS) (2009). Environmental impacts are generally minor for the
Pursat sub-project. Additional pipe laying works will be undertaken within the right of
ways (ROWs). A due diligence review has been prepared for the subproject.
II. SUBPROJECT DESCRIPTION
4. Pursat is located in western part of the country along National Road (NR) No. 5,
about 174km north west of Phnom Penh. Water source of Pursat water supply system
is Pursat stream bisects the province, running from the Cardamoms in the west to the
Tonle Sap in the east. Water level in the stream is about 5-8m in depth during rainy
season and is about 1-2m in depth during dry season. It is important to note that there
is no record of water shortage in both seasons in the stream. At intake point of the
supply system, there are two water intake heads – low and medium levels – to adjust
to the level of water in both seasons. The raw water will be pumped by two vertical
pumps (55kW each and the remaining one is on standby) and treated in a
conventional water treatment plant before it is distributed to final consumers.
5. After completion of installation of items requested in previous proposal including: one
intake pump and pipe laying works in some parts of Pursat Municipality and Kandieng
District in 2019, Pursat Provincial Water Works would like to propose some additional
expansion works since the recently completed works have not met people demand as
well as the goal of the Ministry of Industry and Handicraft (MIH) and the Royal
Government of Cambodia (RGC) as whole that aim to supply clean water to people
up to 90% in 2023 and 100% in 2025. In addition, most of urban areas have already
been equipped with DBST roads, except water supply that has not reached people
living in those areas yet.
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6. The proposed extension lines cover 10 villages in 6 communes/ Sangkat of 3 districts/
Municipalities of Pursat province with a total length of 15,500m (Table 1 and Figure
1). Pursat Provincial Water Works also requests for 602 water meters. With this
proposed expansion line, it is expected that 602 households will be benefited from
this expansion, all of which are badly in need of clean water. The proposed expansion
lines are within Pursat Provincial Water Works service coverage areas and have
enough water pressure at the end of existing secondary pipelines to further distribute
to final consumers through tertiary pipeline.
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Table 1: Name of Villages and Proposed Lengths of Secondary and Tertiary Pipelines
No. Village Commune/Sangkat District/Municipality Diameter Pressure No. of Household Length
1 Sala Kumru (north of Pursat
Municipality + north of bowl
roundabout)
Prey Nhi Sangkat Pursat Municipality PE Æ63mm 1.50bar 70 2,000
2 Tuol Mkak (south of bowl
roundabout)
Roleab Sangkat Pursat Municipality PE Æ63mm 1.00bar 27 1,700
3 Prey Aomal (south of bowl
roundabout)
Roleab Sangkat Pursat Municipality PE Æ63mm 1.00bar 33 1,200
4 Krang Pophleak Svay At Sangkat Pursat Municipality PE Æ110mm 1.30ba 42 1,200
5 Andoung Sambuor Snam Preah
Commune
Bakan District PE Æ63mm 1.00bar 30 600
6 Snam Preah Snam Preah
Commune
Bakan District PE Æ63mm 1.00bar 49 800
7 Araen Snam Preah
Commune
Bakan District PE Æ110mm 1.00bar 55 1,500
8 Ta Sdei Veal Commune Kandieng District PE Æ110mm 1.00bar 132 3,500
9 Kandieng Knong Kandieng Commune Kandieng District PE Æ110mm 1.00bar 63 1,000
10 Kaev Chey Kandieng Commune Kandieng District PE Æ110mm 1.00bar 101 2,000
Total 10 6 3 602 15,500m
Source: Pursat Provincial Water Works, 13 November 2019
Figure 1: Proposed Distribution Expansion Source: Pursat Provincial Water Works, 13 November 2019
Note Existing line Proposed line
Kandieng District
Pursat Municipal Hall
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III. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
A. Site Visit
7. The environmental team conducted a site visit of the Pursat Water Treatment Plant
facilities and proposed extension lines on 7 November 2019 and interviewed the
director and his technical staffs of the water works. Good experiences, issues and
solutions from previous works as well as ongoing constraints faced by the water
works were noted during the interview. The team conducted a site inspection within
the plant boundary, both inside and outside of buildings, and visited various locations
of proposed expansion lines on the same day. The documentation is shown below.
Pursat River, physically it appears
moderately turbid during the site visit on
Nov. 7, 2019. It could be attributed to
surface run-off brought by rain
Visit at the water intake facility of Pursat
Water Suppy Facility
Newly installed pump Meeting of MIH-PMU, PIU and PIAC
WTP Facility of Pursat
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Pipeline will traverse this location PMU, PIU and PIAC on a site visit in the
proposed project area
Location where the existing secondary
pipe ends. Proposed extension starts at
this point
Stream as alternate source of water during
summer, however, it turns more polluted as
domestic waste from residential areas are
conveyed directly to this water body
B. Rapid Environmental Assessment Checklist and Categorization
8. Based on discussions with the PMU, PIU, onsite inspection and prior knowledge of
the surrounding area, the rapid environmental assessment checklist (REA Checklist)
was completed and is found in Appendix 1. Further, an audit was conducted of the
existing water supply network and existing facilities to determine the presence of
discarded and unused chemicals, waste oil, and other materials that pose a hazard to
human health and environment to determine if a Corrective Action Plan (CAP) is
needed (SPS Appendix 1, Paragraph 10).
C. Description of Surrounding Environment
9. The proposed expansion lines situate within residential and the water works’ service
areas. They will directly connect to the existing pipelines and be undertaken within
ROWs, which are determined by the Provincial Department of Public Works and
Transport (DPWT), of three Districts/Municipality of Pursat province (Table 1 and
Figure 1). Therefore, it is strongly believed that no potential presence of unexplored
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ordinance (UXO) and mines are expected. In addition, most of the roads of the
proposed expansion lines are DBST roads.
10. The current water sources of the people living along the proposed expansion lines are
either borehole, pond, or nearby small stream. The stream’s water in Veal and
Kandieng Communes of Kandieng District is unclean in both seasons – rainy and dry
seasons – because it has been mixed by sewage water drained from Pursat
Municipality. People living along the proposed expansion lines express their eager
need of clean water supply.
IV. GENERAL ISSUES RELATED TO THE ENVIRONMENT
11. The proposed expansion lines will be taken place within ROWs and the water works
service areas. Therefore, adverse impact on environmental resources along the
project routes might not occur. However, some minimal impacts caused by pipe
laying works are listed bellows:
• Damage to existing community structures and facilities.
• Dust and air emissions from soil excavation and movement of vehicles.
• Noise disturbance.
• Generation of excavated soil and other construction debris.
• Hazards to workers.
• Risks to community health and safety.
• Traffic congestion.
12. The following mitigation measures are proposed to mitigate these potential impacts.
13. Damage to community facilities. The installation of water supply distribution lines will
be along public roadsides within semi-urbanized areas. This is the main item of work,
along with valves, fittings, installation of service connections and meters for homes
and businesses, and other accessories needed to complete the pipeline installation.
To mitigate this impact, the following mitigation measures will be applied:
• Before the commencement of construction activities, PIU shall consult in advance
of works with affected persons where houses, driveways and other structures will
be affected. All damage will be restored to pre-project conditions. The cost of
restoration will be covered by the Contractor.
• Coordinate with DPWT, local authorities, and owners of affected properties prior to
commencement of pipe laying works.
• The Contractor is required to repair structures that may be damaged such as
roads, canals, driveways, and paths. Any damage to community structures will be
restored at pre-project condition at the cost of the Contractor.
14. Worker health and safety. Workers may be exposed to risks to health and safety due
to physical hazards, exposure to dust and noise, falling objects, and ergonomic
injuries. Potential conflict with local people will occur if migrant workers will be brought
to the site. To mitigate this impact, the following measures will be applied:
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• PIU will require the Contractor to provide the basic safety and health protective
measures for workers such as personal protective gear suitable to the type of work
being performed. First aid kit will be available on call.
15. Dust and air emission. Wind-blown dust may be generated due to presence of loose
soil and movement of vehicles at the work areas. To mitigate this impact, the
following measures will be applied:
• Cover and keep excavated soil and stockpiles moist.
• Conduct water sprinkling in areas prone to airborne dust.
• Cover materials for dug soil and stockpiles at the end of the day’s work.
• Regularly clean and sweep dust and accumulated soil at roadsides at the end of
the day’s work.
• Maintain vehicles and equipment to ensure that emissions comply with the MOE’s
standards.
• Prohibit open burning of waste materials.
• Instruct delivery trucks to cover materials with tarpaulin or other suitable materials
during hauling of materials.
• Impose speed limits on construction vehicles.
• Regularly clean and sweep dust in the work area.
• Inform and educate workers on the implementation of air emission and dust control
measures.
16. Noise. There will be minimal noise to be generated during construction works except
in areas where there is a need to break the concrete or asphalt pavement. Noise
levels ranging from 82 to 88 dBA may be experienced in the areas at the distance of
15 to 30 meters from the source. To avoid nuisance to adjacent establishments,
pavement breaking activities will not be undertaken at nighttime hours of 22:00 to
06:00.
17. Community health and safety. The laying of water pipes along existing roadsides will
result to impacts to community health and safety, including traffic and restriction of
community access. Distribution pipes will be installed under a variety of local
conditions including along asphalt-concrete roads and along unpaved roads. To
mitigate this impact, the following mitigation measures will be applied:
• Pipes will be installed in the roadsides of paved roads to avoid cuts on road
pavements.
• Special precautions need to be taken in built up areas, for instance near schools,
temples, and hospitals/health centers where there are sensitive receptors.
• PIU will require the Contractor to follow the existing Standard Operating Procedure
(SOP) on pipe installation. These measures include the following:
- Minimize the period of time that an excavation segment is kept open by not
allowing trenching and pipe-laying by more than a week for each 500-meter
segment. Trenches should be backfilled and ground leveled after installation of
pipes.
- Install signs at the beginning and end of section of works.
- Provide concrete barriers to avoid conflict with live traffic.
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- Place only bedding and pipe materials at the location that will be used within the
next few days’ work, well out of the line of traffic.
- Clean up and remove from the site any excess spoil, wood used for shoring and
construction materials, upon completion of the segment.
- Compact soil in trench and clean surrounding pavement areas to reduce
blowing dust.
- Provide temporary bridging across the trench at entries to residences and
businesses. Likewise, provide safety tape barriers to reduce the possibility of
accidents.
- Once work is complete on a segment, pavement surfaces and masonry works
(curbs, abutments, drains, driveways, and sidewalk) will be repaired and
returned to pre-project condition.
- Provide advance notification of proposed pipe laying activities, locations and
schedules to local residents, hospitals, schools, businesses, and other
institutions. Regularly coordinate with affected parties during project
construction.
- Install safety barriers in open excavations to avoid unauthorized or accidental
access by the public.
18. Traffic. Pipe laying activities may potentially affect traffic movements and could result
to closure of a road section. There will be no need for traffic rerouting since the pipe
installation will require a small space at the road easement. A road lane may be
blocked but not the entire road. Mitigation measures to manage traffic are as the
followings:
• Coordinate the proposed construction activities, schedules, and traffic
management plan with the local authorities and police.
• Post informational boards in case of temporary lane closures.
• Employ trained flaggers to direct traffic movements in areas with lane closures.
• Use traffic control and warning devices such as lights, signs, traffic cones, flashing
board, bollards, and barricades to alert vehicles and pedestrians about lane
closures, equipment use, excavations, and other potential hazards.
• In areas that are busy during the day, construction work may be conducted during
nighttime to minimize disruption to traffic.
V. EXISTING FACILITIES AUDIT
19. Appendix I of the ADB SPS (2009) requires that, “when the project involves existing
activities or facilities, relevant external experts will perform environmental audits to
determine the existence of any areas where the project may cause or is causing
environmental risks or impacts.” The rapid environmental assessment checklist
(Appendix 1) includes a section in which the existing facilities have been audited to
identify the presence of waste, spent, out-of-spec and discarded water treatment
chemicals, oils, cleaning fluids and solvents, as well as contaminated soils that have
or have the potential for causing environmental impacts or risks. Waste materials that
pose a hazard to human health or the environment have not been identified at the
facility. The director of the water works confirms the absence of any such materials
within the water supply system buildings or on property under the control of the water
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works. There is no need to prepare a corrective action plan to dispose of materials of
this nature or remediate soils or structures for purposes of reducing environmental
impact and risk.
20. In addition, the potential presence of unexplored ordinance (UXO) and mines bas
been evaluated within the subproject area based on discussion with PIU and
inspection of the project routes where the work is to take place. The routes are
residential areas for so many years. They have been determined that there is no
basis for suspecting that UXO or mines are present.
VI. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
A. Review of Impacts
21. Potential impacts of the proposed expansion lines are summarized in table 2. The
table also summarizes the required mitigation measures, institutional responsibilities
for assuring the mitigation action is carried out, and cost.
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Table 2: Potential Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures
Project Activity Potential Negative Impact Proposed Mitigation Measure Institutional Responsibility
Cost Estimates
Construction
Pipe laying
activities
Disruption and damage to existing
community structures and facilities
- Pipe laying will cause temporary
disruption of community services and
access to properties.
- Damage community facilities such as
roads, driveways to properties and
pathways to private and public areas
during pipe laying.
- Particularly at pipe road crossings,
construction activities along roads
may lead to temporary blockage of
lane and hamper movement of
vehicles and people in the community.
- Provide temporary accesses to affected properties
using durable materials. Particular attention will be
given to ensuring safety along roads and paths
normally used by school children.
- Side street parking of construction vehicles on
prolonged basis will not be allowed.
- Install barriers and safety warning signs on road
sections and if necessary deploy traffic aid/flag
persons at affected locations.
- Provide information boards on the project details,
schedule and PWW contact numbers.
- Immediately repair the excavated areas and any
damaged structures such as roads, driveways,
gates, and paths. Ensure that restoration is
accepted by the affected person.
Construction
Contractor
Included in
bid price for
work
Soil digging and
movement of
construction
materials
Air pollution
- Dust and air emissions from digging
and movement of vehicles.
- Require the Contractor to cover materials with
tarpaulin or other suitable materials while in transit
to avoid spillage of materials.
- Moisten earthen roads during dry and dusty
conditions, particularly roads near residences and
through the town core area.
- Impose speed limits on construction vehicles.
- Conduct maintenance on construction equipment
and vehicles to control air emissions during vehicle
operation.
Construction
Contractor
Included in
bid price for
work
Breaking concrete
or asphalt
pavement
Noise
- There will be minimal noise to be
generated during construction works
- Limit construction activities particularly operation of
noise generating equipment at night.
- Position any stationary equipment that produce
Construction
Contractor
Included in
bid price for
work
12
Project Activity Potential Negative Impact Proposed Mitigation Measure Institutional Responsibility
Cost Estimates
except in areas where there is a need
to break the concrete or asphalt
pavement. Noise levels ranging from
82 to 88 dBA may be experienced in
areas at the distance of 15 to 30
meters from the source.
high noise levels such as excavator as far as
practical from sensitive receptors.
- Erect temporary walls around construction sites
especially near schools, hospitals, and houses.
- Install noise suppression devices to noise
generating equipment.
- Require drivers to minimize blowing of horn and to
comply with speed limits
- Provide information to community on schedule of
construction activities through billboard/ signs and
complaint hotline.
Soil excavation,
disposal of debris
to and from the
site, and
construction
worker offsite
housing
Generation of dug soil and other
construction debris
- Generation of dug materials during
pipe laying.
- Domestic solid wastes, domestic
wastewater, inert construction wastes,
and hazardous wastes during
construction may result to pollution of
the environment.
- During pipe laying, excavated material will be
reused to cover back the trench. The Contractor
will be required to properly reinstate the excavated
trench after completion of pipe laying.
- Undertake segregation of hazardous and non-
hazardous wastes, including properly labeled waste
disposal bins.
- Instruct workers not to indiscriminately dispose
wastes particularly at surrounding areas, canals,
rivers, field, and other public areas.
- All solid waste will be regularly collected and
removed from the work camps and disposed to
areas approved by local authorities.
Construction
Contractor
Included in
bid price for
work
Construction works Worker health and safety
- Workers may be exposed to risks to
health and safety due to physical
hazards, exposure to dust and noise,
falling objects, and ergonomic injuries.
- Potential conflict with local people will
occur if migrant workers will be
- Orient workers and implement measures to ensure
construction safety; fire prevention and
management; worker education and awareness for
HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases;
and control measure for mosquito and other vector
diseases.
- Require workers to adhere to guidelines relating to
Construction
Contractor
Included in
bid price for
work
13
Project Activity Potential Negative Impact Proposed Mitigation Measure Institutional Responsibility
Cost Estimates
brought to the site.
minimum distances for excavations, tools, vehicles,
and other activities in the ROWs of the water
distribution lines.
- Provision of first-aid kit and it is readily accessible
by workers.
- Conduct training of workers in the identification and
management of occupational hazards.
- Post safety signs, reminders, or warning notices at
visible areas onsite.
- Strictly implement a “No-Alcohol, No-Gambling and
No-Dangerous Drug Policy” at the construction site.
- Provide PPEs such as hard hats, gloves, safety
boots, ear protection, breathing masks, etc.
Wearing of PPEs, while working onsite will be a
mandatory requirement for workers.
- The Contractor should ensure that child laborers
and trafficked workers are not employed.
- The Contractor will be required to provide priority
hiring of qualified construction workers from the
villages and to consult with the local to avoid
conflict if migrant workers will be brought to the
site.
Construction works Community health and safety
- Risks to community health and safety
due to pipe laying and unauthorized
entry of villagers into dangerous
working areas
- Provide advance notification of proposed pipe
laying activities, locations and schedules to local
residents, hospitals, schools, businesses, and other
institutions. Regular coordinate with affected
parties during project construction.
- Install safety barriers and plates in open
excavations to avoid unauthorized or accidental
access by the public.
- Provide safe access and passageways to
Construction
Contractor
Included in
bid price for
work
14
Project Activity Potential Negative Impact Proposed Mitigation Measure Institutional Responsibility
Cost Estimates
properties and establishments for pedestrians
affected by pipe laying works. This will include
temporary pathways and crossings (e.g. metal or
durable wooden plates) over excavated areas or
trenches.
- Conduct daily cleaning of the work area and
sweeping of the road shoulder.
- Backfill and cover the excavated areas after pipe
laying activities.
- Reinstate good quality permanent accesses
following completion of construction works.
- Post informational boards with contact name and
numbers whereby local residents, business
operators, farmers and other establishments can
report issues related to access restrictions.
- Implement the Grievance Redress Mechanism to
manage complaints from the community. Assign a
focal person to receive community complaints in
accordance with the Grievance Redress
Mechanism (GRM).
- Document all complaints received and actions
taken by the contractor to resolve the complaint.
Pipe laying and
other construction
works
Traffic
Pipe laying activities may potentially
affect traffic movements and could result
to closure of a road section.
- Coordinate the proposed construction activities,
schedules, and traffic management plan with the
local authorities and police.
- Post informational boards in case of temporary lane
closures.
- Employ trained flaggers to direct traffic movements
in areas with lane closures.
- Use traffic control and warning devices such as
lights, signs, traffic cones, flashing board, bollards,
Construction
Contractor
Included in
bid price for
work
15
Project Activity Potential Negative Impact Proposed Mitigation Measure Institutional Responsibility
Cost Estimates
and barricades to alert vehicles and pedestrians
about lane closures, equipment use, excavations,
and other potential hazards.
- In areas that are busy during the daytime,
construction work may be conducted during
nighttime to minimize traffic disruption.
Pipe laying and other construction works
Impacts on Biodiversity -Impacts on the existing biodiversity elements at the construction sites
- Cutting trees is prohibited except inside the construction zone. Trees to be re-moved must be specified in the Project plans and specifications. Plans and budget provision should be in place to re-plant trees in designated areas once construction is completed. The same quality and type of trees need to be planted or where feasible, identify more climate and disaster resilient species. - On completion of the Works all work areas
shall be smoothed and graded in a manner to conform the natural appearance of the landscape. Where unnecessary destruction, scarring damage or defacing may occur as a result of the Contractor’s operations, it shall be repaired, replanted or otherwise corrected as directed by the Engineer at Contractor’s expense. The Contractor will fully reinstate pathways, other local infrastructure, and agricultural land to at least their pre-project condition upon the completion of construction.
Construction Contractor
Included in bid price for work
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B. Institutional Arrangements
22. The General Department of Potable Water Supply at central level under Ministry of
Industry and Handicraft (MIH) is the executing agency, and will establish the Project
Management Unit (PMU) to execute the Project. The PMU will assign responsibility
for environmental aspects to a particular individual as staff PMU safeguard
management officer (PSMO) who is engaged full time with implementation of the
project to monitor implementation of mitigation measures. PWW will be the
implementation agency for the subproject. PWW will establish a Project
Implementation Unit (PIU) to manage the implementation of the Subproject at Pursat
Province.
23. The PMU will engage Contractors for specific works, based on the subcontract
packages considered most suitable for execution. Legal clauses regarding mitigation
measures are required to be included in construction contract bidding documents and
become part of contract agreements. For the main construction contracts, the
Contractor will be required to appoint a staff Construction Environmental
Management Officer (CEMO) responsible for supervising implementation of mitigation
measures during the execution of the contract. The contractor will be required to
prepare a Construction Management Plan (CMP) to ensure construction does not
adversely affect health, safety, amenity, traffic or the environment in the surrounding
area. The CEMO working with the Contractor’s Site Manager is responsible for
preparing this plan prior to the start of construction and receiving approval for the plan
from the PMU before the start of construction. The CEMO will serve as a point of
contact that is accountable for environmental aspects of the construction work. For
smaller construction contracts or subcontracts, the (sub-) contractor will still be held
accountable for implementation of mitigation measures through a system of quality
assurance supervised by the PMU.
24. General notes/reminders for the PMU, work supervisors and environmental safeguards specialists are as follows: • As a precautionary measure, the PMU team shall inform ADB prior to construction
start (formless by Email), confirming that you have received and cleared the Contractor Environmental Management Plan (CEMP/CMP) and that it is in line with the DDR and the updated EMP. Also the contractor shall confirm that he has a responsible officer (EHS/CEMO) as part of the construction team.
• Ensure that CEMP/CMP monitoring and reporting to the project owner/client shall be on a monthly basis throughout the construction period using the provided reporting format sample in annex to the EMP. This shall also be clearly stipulated in the bidding docs requirements for the Contractors.
• As part of the pre-construction phase, all the existing biodiversity elements at the
construction sites need to be accounted for. It is the responsibility of the contractor
to fully reinstate pathways and any biodiversity at least to their pre-project
condition upon the completion of construction. This needs to be accounted for in
the mitigation budget, reflected in the respective CEMPs / CMPs and in the
environmental safeguards monitoring report to ADB
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25. The PMU has direct responsibility for monitoring the implementation of the mitigation
measures. The PSMO will be assisted in tasks by the Environmental Specialists (ES),
consultants who are part of the Design and Supervision Consultant (DSC) and
support all the subprojects undertaken through the loan. Work will commence with
updating and finalizing DDRs and their respective environmental mitigation measures
and monitoring plans, submitting the environmental reviews on behalf of MIH to the
Ministry of Environment, incorporating legal clauses regarding mitigation measures
into construction contract bidding documents, assisting the PSMO in monitoring the
implementation of those measures during the progress of construction, and preparing
the environmental sections of semi-annual reports to be provided to ADB. The ES
also will provide training to PMU and PIU staff. Table 3 describes the functions of
various agencies engaged in the project.
26. For the present project, RGC/Client approval for Environment Clearance from the
Ministry of Environment involves revision of the DDR during the design phase,
coincident with detailed design preparation, and translation of the DDR into Khmer.
The DDR is submitted to the Department of EIA within MOE, which has a period of 30
days to review and respond with comments, or approve, the DDR. A timeline for
updating the DDR as well as for inclusion of the EMP and special conditions in
contract and/or bidding documents is as follows:
• Project design proceeds over a period of 5 months (anticipated).
• Monitoring of water quality over first two months.
• Concurrently, DDE is updated with new design data.
• By end of month 2, expected that issues related to design are resolved.
• DDR undergoes translation (2 weeks).
• DDR submitted to DOE by mid-month 3 of design period.
• DOE has 30 days to review/approve DDR.
• DDR approved by mid-month 4 of design period.
• ADB review runs concurrently with DOE review.
• Final approval from ADB and the Government obtained before detailed design
finalized in time for inclusion in procurement package.
27. The Ministry of Environment (MOE) and the provincial Departments of Environment (PDOEs) play a role in submittal, review, and approval of DDRs, and monitoring and reporting. This work takes place during the implementation phase. The ES will revise and update the DDR based on final designs, and the document should be translated into Khmer prior to submittal to MOE DEIA, which will engage in the review process the provincial PDOE where the subproject takes place. Once DEIA approves the subproject, implementation can proceed with construction mitigation measures mostly in the hands of the Contractor, and the ES, PDOE, PIU and PSMO working together to perform monitoring and reporting. It will be the job of the PIUs supported by the ES to compile quarterly reports, which then are compiled into semi-annual safeguard monitoring reports by the PMU and DSC, supported by the ES. The PSMO and PMU Project Director will be responsible for submittal of reporting to ADB.
28. The Contractor shall comply with all applicable national, provincial, and local environmental laws and regulations. The Contractor shall (a) establish an operational system for managing environmental impacts (CEMP/CMP) (b) comply with the
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measures and requirements and carry out all of the monitoring and mitigation measures set forth in the Initial Environmental Examination and the Environmental Management Plan, and (c) allocate the budget required to ensure that such measures are carried out, including making provisions for any temporary impacts. (d) The Contractor shall submit semi-annual reports on the carrying out of such measures to the Employer, and under construction times the CEMP monitoring reports are to be submitted on a monthly basis.
Table 3: Roles and Responsibilities
Agency Role
MIH – GDPWS Project Management Unit (PMU)
Supervision and guidance; assist to appoint staff of PMU; recruited competent national environmental specialist (NES) as part of the DSC to assist design team and PMU; submit DDR to the Ministry of Environment (MOE) for approval; consolidate and submit semi-annual reports to ADB.
Pursat Provincial
Water Works PIU
Appoint Project Environmental Management Officer (PEMO) to PMU,
who will work with the ES to ensure EMPs are satisfied in the design
and construction of the subproject; review and approve CMP;
supervise and monitor DDR/CMP implementation; prepare and
conduct public consultations, administer the grievance redress
mechanism, monitor subproject activities and prepare quarterly
environmental reporting at the subproject level.
Design and
Supervision
Consultant (DSC)
National
Environmental
Specialist (ES)
Assist the PEMOs and the PMO to review, update and submit DDR for
approval by MOE; incorporate EMP requirements into design,
specifications and construction contract; coordinate with other
government agencies regarding environmental issues; organize and
implement public consultation and grievance redress mechanism;
monitor activities of design engineer and construction contractors to
assure mitigation measures are implemented; incorporate
environmental reporting into semi-annual progress reports.
MOE DEIA and PDOE Review of DDR; PDOE to support monitoring of mitigation measures
during construction.
Construction
Contractors (CC)
Implement environmental requirements related to construction;
incorporate environmental costs into bid estimate; prepare a
Construction Management Plan (CMP); appoint the Construction
Environmental Management Officer (CEMO); assure all environmental
requirements are followed.
GDPWS/MIH Lab Implement water quality monitoring of raw and treated water supplies
during operations.
C. Environmental Monitoring Plan
29. Environmental monitoring extends during the implementation of the loan and engages
the previously identified groups. Table 4 identifies the monitoring to be undertaken in
respect to the mitigation measures previously identified. The PEMO is responsible for
the bulk of the monitoring being undertaken during the design and construction
periods. During operations, the Pursat Provincial Water Works is responsible.
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Table 4: Environmental Monitoring Plan
Parameters to be Monitored Location Means of Monitoring Monitoring Frequency
Responsibility for Monitoring
Source of Fund
Pre-Construction Phase
Survey of affected structures (roads, shops,
driveways, fences, gates, portions of
houses, etc.
All project routes Site survey Prior to the start
of civil works
PEMO, ES,
PDOE
PMU
Construction Phase
Rehabilitation of road shoulder and
driveways after pipe laying
Areas with pipe laying
activities
Visual inspection Daily/weekly PEMO, ES,
PDOE
PMU
EMP implementation All project areas
(construction sites,
camp)
Visual inspection Daily/weekly PEMO, ES,
PDOE
PMU
Direct effects on communities from project
impacts such as damage to properties, dust
generation, noise and safety.
All project routes Gather views and opinions of
communities through community
feedback
Weekly PEMO, ES,
PDOE
PMU
Monitoring of EMP during
construction/excavation, including
compliance to traffic management and road
restoration.
Roads where pipes
cross
Site inspection Daily/weekly PEMO, ES,
PDOE
PMU
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VII. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND DISCLOSURE
A. Public Consultation
30. Public consultation should be held at the outset of procurement for the construction of
civil works under the project. This is in order to notify the homes and businesses in
the immediate vicinity of the site that work will commence on the project, to review
environmental issues of concern, and to inform the public of the grievance redress
mechanism established under the project.
B. Disclosure
31. Details of the subproject will be disclosed through a process of public consultation
described above. Further to that, MIH will provide the relevant environmental
information for this subproject, including information from the DDR to affected people
in a timely manner, in an accessible place, and in a form and language(s)
understandable to them by providing a copy of the DDR in Khmer language at the
PWW office for review by interested parties. In addition, ADB will post on its website
the subproject DDR, updates prepared during the project implementation period, and
environmental monitoring reports prepared during the implementation period.
VIII. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM
32. Grievances related to both environmental and resettlement issues are addressed
through the Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM). In order to ensure that
complaints from all affected persons (APs) on any aspect of environment, land
acquisition, compensation and resettlement are addressed in a timely and satisfactory
manner, and that all possible avenues are available to APs to air their grievances, a
well-defined grievance redress mechanism will be established. All APs can send any
questions to the MIH-PMU about their rights in relation with redress of environmental
problems and entitlement under the resettlement plan. APs are not required to pay
any fee in order to file a complaint at any level. The GRM has been explained in the
public information booklet distributed to all APs, and is explained here in relation to
complaints related to environmental impacts.
33. A Grievance Redress Committee (GRC) shall be established before commencement
of site works and shall be chaired by PMU. The GRC shall have members from the
PMU, commune councils, local NGO, and women’s organization. Grievances can be
filed in writing or verbally with any member of the GRC. The committee will have 15
days to respond with a resolution. If unsatisfied with the decision, the existence of the
GRC shall not impede the complainant’s access to the Government’s judicial or
administrative remedies.
34. Stage 1 - Complaints from APs on any aspect of environmental impacts shall first be
lodged verbally or in written form to the commune or village leader. The commune or
village leader will coordinate with the MIH-PMU to decide on a course of action within
5 days from the day it is lodged. Usually complaints about environmental impacts
are resolved at this stage.
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35. Stage 2 - If no understanding or amicable solution can be reached, or if no response
from the commune or village chief is received by the AP within 5 days of registering
the complaint, he/she can appeal directly to the District Office. The complaint must be
settled within 5 days of registering the original complaint.
36. Stage 3 - If the AP is not satisfied with the actions made by the District GRC, or in the
absence of any response, the AP can appeal to the Provincial GRC which must make
a written decision and submit copies to the MIH-UWSP and AP.
37. Stage 4 - If the AP is still not satisfied with the decision of the Provincial GRC on
appeal, or in absence of any response from the MIH-UWSP within the stipulated time,
the AP, as a last resort, may submit his/her case to court of law, whose judgment is
final. APs may also ask for resolution from ADB’s responsible project officer
consistent with the provision of the ADB’s accountability mechanism. They can file
their complaint through the ADB resident mission in Phnom Penh for transmittal to the
ADB headquarters in Manila.
38. At each stage, the governing official is responsible for recording the minutes of
meetings, maintaining files on all complaints, and for distributing copies of all
decisions to the PMU and lower level bodies, including commune/village officials and
affected parties and households.
39. The PIU of the Pursat Provincial Water Works shall make public the existence of this
grievance redress mechanism through public awareness campaigns. They shall set-
up a hotline for complaints and the hotline shall be publicized through the media and
numbers placed on the notice boards outside the construction site and at subnational
level of local government offices (e.g., provincial, district, commune levels). Locally
affected people will still be able to express grievances through the commune councils
and these would be referred through the usual channels in those committees.
40. The PMU will be responsible for checking the procedures and resolutions of
grievances and complaints. The PIA consultant may recommend further measures to
be taken to address unresolved grievances.
IX. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
A. Conclusions
41. The Pursat water supply expansion is a small-scale remediation of an existing facility.
The scale of work, including pipe laying/burying, presents little or no potential for
significant environmental impact. A due diligence review was conducted and is
reported on in this document.
42. There is no need to prepare a corrective action plan (CAP) for the proposed pipe
laying works because no residual chemicals, waste oil or contaminated earth has
been identified at the proposed expansion routes.
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43. The Pursat water supply expansion is an important intervention to assure the supply
of potable water in the Pursat service area over the near term. No environmental
constraints exist for implementing the project.
B. Recommendations
44. Potential environmental impacts stem from the transport of construction materials,
disposal of debris, soil excavation with the potential to generate noise and dust, and
from inadequate worker provisions, health and safety protections. Measures have
been set out to mitigate these potential impacts, reinforced by a set of environmental
specifications for the construction contractor. These measures should be
implemented in order to minimize any adverse environmental effects.
45. Institutional measures are also in place to obtain compliance from the construction
contractor, to monitor the implementation of mitigation measures and to fulfill
reporting functions related to loan implementation. These institutional measures that
constitute the environmental management framework should also be implemented.
Costs related to mitigation and monitoring were considered, and no special costs
have been identified.
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Appendix 1: Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist
Instructions:
(i) The project team completes this checklist to support the environmental classification
of a project. It is to be attached to the environmental categorization form and
submitted to the Environment and Safeguards Division (RSES) for endorsement by
the Director, RSES and for approval by the Chief Compliance Officer.
(ii) This checklist focuses on environmental issues and concerns. To ensure that social
dimensions are adequately considered, refer also to ADB's (a) checklists on
involuntary resettlement and Indigenous Peoples; (b) poverty reduction handbook;
(c) staff guide to consultation and participation; and (d) gender checklists.
(iii) Answer the questions assuming the “without mitigation” case. The purpose is to
identify potential impacts. Use the “remarks” section to discuss any anticipated
mitigation measures.
Country/Project Title: Pursat – Proposed New Pipe Laying
Sector Division: Urban Water Supply
Screening Questions Yes No Remarks
A. PROJECT SITING
Is the project area…
▪ Densely populated? X
▪ Heavy with development activities? X
▪ Adjacent to or within any
environmentally sensitive areas?
X
▪ Cultural heritage site X
▪ Protected Area
• Wetland X
• Mangrove X
• Estuarine X .
• Buffer zone of protected area X
• Special area for protecting biodiversity X
• Bay X
B. POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL
IMPACTS
Will the Project cause…
▪ pollution of raw water supply from
upstream wastewater discharge from
communities, industries, agriculture, and
soil erosion runoff?
x
▪ impairment of historical/cultural
monuments/areas and loss/damage to
these sites?
x
▪ hazard of land subsidence caused by
excessive ground water pumping?
x
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Screening Questions Yes No Remarks
▪ social conflicts arising from displacement
of communities?
x
▪ conflicts in abstraction of raw water for
water supply with other beneficial water
uses for surface and ground waters?
x
▪ unsatisfactory raw water supply (e.g.
excessive pathogens or mineral
constituents)?
x
▪ delivery of unsafe water to distribution
system?
x
▪ inadequate protection of intake works or
wells, leading to pollution of water
supply?
x
▪ over pumping of ground water, leading
to salinization and ground subsidence?
x
▪ excessive algal growth in storage
reservoir?
x
▪ increase in production of sewage
beyond capabilities of community
facilities?
x
▪ inadequate disposal of sludge from
water treatment plants?
x
▪ inadequate buffer zone around pumping
and treatment plants to alleviate noise
and other possible nuisances and
protect facilities?
x
▪ impairments associated with
transmission lines and access roads?
x
▪ health hazards arising from inadequate
design of facilities for receiving, storing,
and handling of chlorine and other
hazardous chemicals?
x
▪ health and safety hazards to workers
from handling and management of
chlorine used for disinfection, other
contaminants, and biological and
physical hazards during project
construction and operation?
x
▪ dislocation or involuntary resettlement of
people?
x
▪ disproportionate impacts on the poor,
women and children, Indigenous
Peoples or other vulnerable groups?
x
▪ noise and dust from construction
activities?
x Minimal only. The contractor
will be required to prepare
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Screening Questions Yes No Remarks
and implement the
Contractor's Environmental
Management Plan (CEMP)
▪ increased road traffic due to interference
of construction activities?
x Minimal only. The contractor
will be required to prepare
and implement the
Contractor's Environmental
Management Plan. PIU will
coordinate with Heads of
Commune to oversee and
assist in the management of
traffic.
▪ continuing soil erosion/silt runoff from
construction operations?
x
▪ delivery of unsafe water due to poor
O&M treatment processes (especially
mud accumulations in filters) and
inadequate chlorination due to lack of
adequate monitoring of chlorine
residuals in distribution systems?
x
▪ delivery of water to distribution system,
which is corrosive due to inadequate
attention to feeding of corrective
chemicals?
x
▪ accidental leakage of chlorine gas? x
▪ excessive abstraction of water affecting
downstream water users?
x
▪ competing uses of water? x
▪ increased sewage flow due to increased
water supply?
x
▪ increased volume of sullage (wastewater
from cooking and washing) and sludge
from wastewater treatment plant?
x
▪ large population influx during project
construction and operation that causes
increased burden on social infrastructure
and services (such as water supply and
sanitation systems)?
x
▪ social conflicts if workers from other
regions or countries are hired?
x
▪ risks to community health and safety due
to the transport, storage, and use and/or
disposal of materials such as explosives,
fuel and other chemicals during
operation and construction?
x
▪ community safety risks due to both x
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Screening Questions Yes No Remarks
accidental and natural hazards,
especially where the structural elements
or components of the project are
accessible to members of the affected
community or where their failure could
result in injury to the community
throughout project construction,
operation and decommissioning?
A. Checklist for Preliminary Climate Risk Screening
Country/Project Title: Pursat – Proposed New Pipe Laying
Sector: Urban Water Supply Project
Subsector: Urban Water Supply Project
Division/Department: Urban Water Supply Project
Screening Questions Score Remarks1
Location and
Design of
project
Is siting and/or routing of the project (or its
components) likely to be affected by climate
conditions including extreme weather related
events such as floods, droughts, storms,
landslides?
0
Would the project design (e.g. the clearance
for bridges) need to consider any hydro-
meteorological parameters (e.g., sea-level,
peak river flow, reliable water level, peak wind
speed etc.)?
0
Materials and
Maintenance
Would weather, current and likely future
climate conditions (e.g. prevailing humidity
level, temperature contrast between hot
summer days and cold winter days, exposure
to wind and humidity hydro-meteorological
parameters likely affect the selection of
project inputs over the life of project
outputs(e.g. construction material)?
0
Would weather, current and likely future
climate conditions, and related extreme
events likely affect the maintenance
(scheduling and cost) of project output(s)?
0
Performance
of project
Would weather/climate conditions, and related
extreme events likely affect the performance
0
1 If possible, provide details on the sensitivity of project components to climate conditions, such as how climate parameters
are considered in design standards for infrastructure components, how changes in key climate parameters and sea level
might affect the siting/routing of project, the selection of construction material and/or scheduling, performances and/or the
maintenance cost/scheduling of project outputs.
27
Screening Questions Score Remarks1
outputs (e.g. annual power production) of project
output(s) (e.g. hydro-power generation
facilities) throughout their design life time?
Options for answers and corresponding score are provided below:
Response scope
Not likely 0
Likely 1
Very likely 2
Responses when added that provide a score of 0 will be considered low risk project. If
adding all responses will result to a score of 1-4 and that no score of 2 was given to any
single response, the project will be assigned a medium risk category. A total score of 5 or
more (which include providing a score of 1 in all responses) or a 2 in any single response,
will be categorized as high risk project.
Result of Initial Screening (Low, Medium, High): _____Low______
Other Comments: The existing water supply project is already operating. MIH-PMU and
PIU are requesting for additional distribution pipe laying works in of Pursat Municipality,
Bakan District, and Kandieng District (i.e. 10 villages in 6 communes/Sangkat or a total
length of 15,500m).
Prepared by: PIAC