environmental science packet 2
TRANSCRIPT
Environmental
Science Packet 2
If you have internet access, please check your school email and join
the Environment Science Google Classroom. If you have not received
an email invite, please email your teacher.
If you are having problems submitting your work in google classroom ...
You can take an image of the assignment and email it to your teacher.
Please make sure you do the following:
o Print (no cursive) very neatly in dark-colored ink and
o Include your name on the assignment
Name _______________________________ Date _________________ Block____ Table ____
Local Endangered Species Project Name of Species: _____________________________________
Do you know of any endangered or threatened species in Virginia? Today you will research one organism in Virginia that
is an endangered or threatened species. A good place to start your research is with U.S. Fish and Wildlife Services at https://www.fws.gov/endangered/map/va-info.html.
After conducting your research your task is to:
Create a Google Slides Presentation about the endangered or threatened species you researched
Share your Google Slide Show with your teacher:
o Jennifer Haydon [email protected]
o Mary Nagle [email protected]
o Jennie Price [email protected]
o John Scalf [email protected]
Student Check List Points Possible Points Earned
Visual Presentation
Clear pictures on each slide
Slides Appropriately Titled
Font Size - 24 pt
Organized (no paragraphs- use bullets)
Colorful
5
Species’ Background Information
Common Name
Scientific Name
Clear picture of Species
Detailed Physical Description
Origin (Range)
Origin (Range) Map
Habitat Description
Habitat Picture
8
Ecological Status
Population Size
Population Trend
Organism’s role in ecosystem
Factor 1 Leading to Threat (Detailed/Specific to Species)
Factor 2 Leading to Threat (Detailed/Specific to Species)
Conservation Method 1 (Detailed/Specific to Species)
Conservation Method 2 (Detailed/Specific to Species)
7
Grammar, etc.
Spelling
Grammar
Information Sources Cited on Last Page (Full Web Addresses)
Pictures Cited under Each Picture (Full Web Addresses)
4
Final Grade
/ 24
*** If you have difficulty completing this assignment due to internet capability, please contact your teacher and explain
your situation.
Name ______________________________________________________ Block __________
Chapter 14: Water Resources Vocabulary
Section 1: Earth: The Water Planet Surface Water (422) - Runoff (422) - Watershed (422) - Groundwater (424) - Permeable (424) - Impermeable (424) - Aquifer (424) - Water Table (424) -
Recharge Zone (425) -
Section 2: Use of Fresh Water
Water Diversion (428) - Reservoir (428) -
Salinization (431) - Desalination (432) - Xeriscaping (434) -
Section 3: Water Pollution Point-Source Pollution (435) -
Nonpoint-Source Pollution (435) -
Cultural Eutrophication (436) -
Wastewater (436) -
Algal Bloom (436) -
Pathogen (438) -
Red Tide (440) -
Septic System (443) -
14- Water Resources Lesson 14.1 Earth: The Water Planet
Where Is Our Water?
• Fresh water is both a renewable resource and a limited resource.
• Earth’s fresh water is distributed unequally. How much water people use depends on where
they live and the time of year.
What on Earth • Volume of water stored in the water cycle's reservoirs
People and Water • Many people do not live in areas with ample water access
• There are inequalities in per capita water resources
Seasonal Availability • Fresh water is distributed unequally in time and space
Water (Hydrologic Cycle)
Surface Water • Surface water includes still bodies of waters and river systems.
• Watersheds include all of the land area that supplies water to a river system.
• Every waterway defines a watershed. •
Groundwater
• Groundwater seeps through the soil and becomes contained in underground aquifers.
• Aquifers are permeable layers of rock and soil that hold water.
• The water table separates the zone of saturation from the zone of aeration.
Groundwater from Wells
• Wells are dug deep into the zone of saturation
Groundwater
• Aquifers release 1.9 trillion L (492 billion gal) of groundwater to the surface each day via springs, geysers, and wells.
Ogallala Aquifer
• World’s largest aquifer • Water is 15,000 – 30,000 years old (considered nonrenewable) • VERY SLOW recharge rate---WHY? • Used mostly for: irrigation & farming, also municipal source
Porosity & Permeability
• Porosity • amount of open pore space
• Permeability • ability to water to flow through
Lesson 14.2 Uses of Fresh Water How We Use Water
• Three main uses of fresh water include: • Agricultural • Industrial • Personal
How Much Water Do You Use
• Average person in U.S. uses about 80 gallons a day
Using Surface Water
• Most freshwater used in the U.S. is surface water. • Drought and overuse have caused significant surface water depletion.
Water Diversion
• Process of moving water from its source to places it is used. • Surface water is diverted by canals and dams.
Dams
• Dams are used to regulate river flow and a build stable water supply Using Groundwater
• Most groundwater use is unsustainable • 68% of groundwater in the U.S. is used for irrigation, most of which is very inefficient.
Groundwater Mining & Depletion
• Groundwater mining turns groundwater into a nonrenewable resource because it is withdrawn from the ground faster than it can be replaced.
• When groundwater is depleted, the falling water tables can cause: • Land subsidence • Saltwater intrusion • Wetlands to dry up
Land Subsidence
• gradual settling or sudden sinking of the Earth's surface
Saltwater Intrusion
Solutions to Freshwater Depletion
• Increase supply: • Desalination: “Making” fresh water by removing salt from saltwater.
• Decrease demand: • Agricultural: Drip-irrigation, climate-appropriate plants • Industrial: Water-conserving processes, recycling wastewater to cool machinery. • Personal: Xeriscaping, water conservation
Desalination
Lesson 14.3 Water Pollution Types of Water Pollution
• Point-source pollution: From a discrete location, like a factory or sewer pipe
• Nonpoint-source pollution: From many places spread over a large area, such as when snowmelt runoff picks up pollutants along its path
Nutrient Pollution
• Excess phosphorous and other nutrients in the water is nutrient pollution.
• Eutrophication occurs naturally. • Nutrient pollution can cause cultural eutrophication.
Toxic Chemical Pollution
• Occurs when harmful chemicals are released into waterways • Can be organic or inorganic • Harms ecosystems and causes human health problems
Sediment Pollution
• Unusually large amounts of sediment that change an aquatic environment • Results from erosion • Can degrade water quality, cause photosynthesis rates to decline, and disrupt food webs
Thermal Pollution
• A heat source that raises the temperature of a waterway • Heated water holds less oxygen.
Biological Pollution
• Occurs when pathogens enter a waterway • Causes more human health problems than any other form of water pollution • Reduced by water treatment
Solid Waste
• Plastic and other trash Groundwater Pollution
• Chemicals break down more slowly in groundwater than in surface water. • Sources include:
• natural sources • surface pollutants leaching through soil • leaky underground structures
• Most efforts to reduce groundwater pollution focus on prevention.
Ocean Water – Oil Pollution • Oil pollution in the ocean comes from many widely spread small sources. • Natural seeps are the largest single source.
Ocean Water – Mercury Pollution
• Ocean organisms bio-accumulate mercury pollution. • It collects in the tissues of animals and makes its way up the food chain
Ocean Water – Nutrient Pollution
• Nutrient pollution can cause red tides. Controlling Water Pollution
• Government regulation decreases water pollution. • The Clean Water Act (1977)
• Set water pollution standards • Required permits to release point-source pollution • Funded sewage treatment plant construction
Drinking Water Treatment
• Drinking water is treated to remove pollutants before humans consume it. Wastewater Treatment
• Wastewater is treated to remove pollutants before human-used water is released back to the
environment.
Name Class Date
14.1 Earth: The Water Planet
Where Is Our Water?
For Questions 1–6, complete each statement by writing the correct word or words.
1. Fresh water is a renewable .
2. Another name for the water cycle is the .
3. About 97.5% of Earth’s water is .
4. is water that is relatively pure, with few dissolved salts.
5. More than three quarters of the fresh water on Earth is , the rest is
liquid.
6. Fresh water is distributed in both time and space.
7. Explain why liquid fresh water is considered a limited resource.
8. Explain why the available amount of water per person differs between countries.
Surface Water
For Questions 9 and 10, circle the letter of the correct answer.
9. Water that flows over land and has not been absorbed into the ground is called
A. ocean water C. groundwater
B. runoff D. a tributary
10. All of the land area that supplies water to a particular river system is called a
A. glacier C. watershed
B. river D. tributary
11. Why does effective watershed management require the cooperation of everyone in the
watershed?
Name Class Date
Groundwater
12. Complete the following paragraph with terms from the word bank.
Water trickles down through the soil and rock to become . As water
is pulled down by gravity, it passes through layers of soil and rock. These
layers have spaces, or pores, for water to pass through. When the
water reaches an layer, it becomes trapped. It cannot move any deeper.
The water then begins to fill up the spaces above. This underground layer of rock, sand, or
gravel that holds water is called an .
13. What is a recharge zone?
14. What happens when the water table drops below the depth of a well?
Think Visually
15. Label the diagram using terms from the word bank.
aquifer groundwater impermeable permeable
aquifer impermeable layer river water table well
Name Class Date
14.2 Uses of Fresh Water How We Use Water
1. Fill in the cluster diagram with short descriptions of the ways we use water.
Using Surface Water For Questions 2–5, write True if the statement is true. If the statement is false, replace the underlined word or words to make the statement true. Write your changes on the line.
2. The process of moving water from its source to places where humans use it is called water diversion.
3. Dams can help regulate river flow.
4. Lakes that store water for human use are called dams.
5. Drought and overuse have caused significant surface water reservoirs.
Using Groundwater
For Questions 6–11, circle the letter of the correct answer.
6. The buildup of salts in the surface layers of soil is called
A. agriculture. C. salinization.
B. irrigation. D. waterlogging.
7. Groundwater mining is the process of
A. withdrawing groundwater faster than it can be replaced.
B. replacing groundwater faster than it can be withdrawn.
C. withdrawing groundwater and replacing it with surface water.
D. withdrawing groundwater and replacing it with ocean water.
Ways We Use Water
Agriculture Industry
Personal
8. Which of the following is NOT an example of the effects of groundwater depletion?
A. sinking cities C. dried up wetlands
B. depleted aquifers D. rising water tables
9. What is groundwater mostly used for in the United States?
Solutions to Freshwater Depletion 10. Fill in the table with solutions that increase supply and reduce
demand
Solutions that Increase Supply Solutions that Reduce Demand
Think Visually
11. Fill in the cluster concept map with terms from the word bank.
agriculture decrease demand groundwater depletion increase supply industry
Uses of Fresh Water
surface water
depletion
personal
include
solutions
include
lead to
Name Class Date
14.3 Water Pollution Types of Water Pollution
For Questions 1–5, match each type of pollution with the statement that best describes it.
1. nutrient pollution
2. toxic chemical pollution
3. sediment pollution
4. thermal pollution
5. biological pollution
a. includes disease-causing agents in the water
b. caused by erosion
c. raises the temperature of the water
d. can cause cultural eutrophication
e. includes heavy metals and toxic organic chemicals
6. Fill in the flowchart with the terms increase(s) and decrease(s) to model the process of eutrophication.
Groundwater Pollution
For Questions 7–11, write True if the statement is true. If the statement is false, replace the underlined word or words to make the statement true. Write your changes on the line.
7. Groundwater pollution is easy to monitor and clean up.
8. Groundwater pollution as a result of human activity is widespread.
9. Pollutants leach through soil and seep into storage tanks.
10. It can take decades for groundwater to get rid of its contaminants.
11. Most efforts to reduce groundwater pollution focus on prevention.
Ocean Water Pollution
12. Why is it important to minimize the amount of oil released into the ocean?
13. What is the largest source of oil in the oceans?
14. Why is mercury contamination in the ocean a concern?
Water nutrient
levels
Aquatic plant
growth
Decomposition Dissolved oxygen
levels
Name Class Date
15. What causes red tides?
For Questions 16–19, write True if the statement is true. If the statement is false, replace the underlined word or words to make the statement true. Write your changes on the line.
16. Most oil pollution in the oceans comes from small, nonpoint sources.
17. Marine organisms at higher trophic levels contain higher levels of mercury.
18. Of the nutrients phosphorus and nitrogen, phosphorous causes the most damage to oceans.
19. Reducing oil seepage into coastal waters can lessen the frequency of algal blooms.
Controlling Water Pollution Complete each statement by writing the correct word or words.
20. The Clean Water Act made it illegal to release from a point source without a permit.
21. Drinking water suppliers water with chemicals and run it through filters before sending it to your tap.
22. includes water from showers, toilets, dishwashers, as well as water used by industry to cool power plants.
Answer the questions to test your knowledge of lesson concepts.
23. List two types of water pollution.
24. Describe how The Clean Water Act has reduced point-source pollution in the U.S.