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Page 1: Enzymes Metabolism Reactions in your body What are Enzymes? Protein catalyst Act on substrates (reactants) End in ASE – Ex. Lactase digest lactose HOW?
Page 2: Enzymes Metabolism Reactions in your body What are Enzymes? Protein catalyst Act on substrates (reactants) End in ASE – Ex. Lactase digest lactose HOW?

Enzymes

Page 3: Enzymes Metabolism Reactions in your body What are Enzymes? Protein catalyst Act on substrates (reactants) End in ASE – Ex. Lactase digest lactose HOW?

Metabolism

• Reactions in your body

Page 4: Enzymes Metabolism Reactions in your body What are Enzymes? Protein catalyst Act on substrates (reactants) End in ASE – Ex. Lactase digest lactose HOW?

What are Enzymes?

• Protein catalyst • Act on substrates

(reactants) • End in ASE

– Ex. Lactase digest lactose • HOW?

Page 5: Enzymes Metabolism Reactions in your body What are Enzymes? Protein catalyst Act on substrates (reactants) End in ASE – Ex. Lactase digest lactose HOW?

Lower “Activation Energy”

Page 6: Enzymes Metabolism Reactions in your body What are Enzymes? Protein catalyst Act on substrates (reactants) End in ASE – Ex. Lactase digest lactose HOW?

6

Enzymes

FreeEnergy

Progress of the reaction

Reactants

Products

Free energy of activation

Without EnzymeWith Enzyme

Page 7: Enzymes Metabolism Reactions in your body What are Enzymes? Protein catalyst Act on substrates (reactants) End in ASE – Ex. Lactase digest lactose HOW?

Enzyme Substrate Complex

Page 8: Enzymes Metabolism Reactions in your body What are Enzymes? Protein catalyst Act on substrates (reactants) End in ASE – Ex. Lactase digest lactose HOW?

Enzyme Substrate Complex

Page 9: Enzymes Metabolism Reactions in your body What are Enzymes? Protein catalyst Act on substrates (reactants) End in ASE – Ex. Lactase digest lactose HOW?

Enzymes are Specific!

• Active Site• Induced Fit

Page 10: Enzymes Metabolism Reactions in your body What are Enzymes? Protein catalyst Act on substrates (reactants) End in ASE – Ex. Lactase digest lactose HOW?

Enzymes can be REUSED

• Product is release

Page 11: Enzymes Metabolism Reactions in your body What are Enzymes? Protein catalyst Act on substrates (reactants) End in ASE – Ex. Lactase digest lactose HOW?

E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 E6 A B C D E F G

A product can be used as a substrate for another enzyme

Page 12: Enzymes Metabolism Reactions in your body What are Enzymes? Protein catalyst Act on substrates (reactants) End in ASE – Ex. Lactase digest lactose HOW?

Factors Effecting Enzymatic Speed

• Temperature • pH• Substrate concentration • Enzyme Concentration

WILL DISCUSS these 2 WHEN WE GET BACK (IN OUR LAB)

Page 13: Enzymes Metabolism Reactions in your body What are Enzymes? Protein catalyst Act on substrates (reactants) End in ASE – Ex. Lactase digest lactose HOW?

Temperature• Enzymes are PROTEIN • Heat too high they can

denature

Page 14: Enzymes Metabolism Reactions in your body What are Enzymes? Protein catalyst Act on substrates (reactants) End in ASE – Ex. Lactase digest lactose HOW?

pH

• Enzymes work best at an ‘optimal’ pH

• Proteins can denature

Page 15: Enzymes Metabolism Reactions in your body What are Enzymes? Protein catalyst Act on substrates (reactants) End in ASE – Ex. Lactase digest lactose HOW?

Substrate Concentration

• The more substrate the more reaction

• Once all of the enzymes are being used the reaction cannot increase

Page 16: Enzymes Metabolism Reactions in your body What are Enzymes? Protein catalyst Act on substrates (reactants) End in ASE – Ex. Lactase digest lactose HOW?

Enzyme Concentration

• Control by phosphorylation

• Activate Add Phosphate (energy from ATP)

Page 17: Enzymes Metabolism Reactions in your body What are Enzymes? Protein catalyst Act on substrates (reactants) End in ASE – Ex. Lactase digest lactose HOW?

Enzyme Inhibition • Noncompetitive• Competitive

Page 18: Enzymes Metabolism Reactions in your body What are Enzymes? Protein catalyst Act on substrates (reactants) End in ASE – Ex. Lactase digest lactose HOW?

Feedback Inhibition

• Activity of enzyme can be regulated by its end product

Page 19: Enzymes Metabolism Reactions in your body What are Enzymes? Protein catalyst Act on substrates (reactants) End in ASE – Ex. Lactase digest lactose HOW?

Enzyme Cofactors

Help enzymes function

– Inorganic • Copper, Zinc, Iron

– Organic- Coenzymes • Vitamins

Page 20: Enzymes Metabolism Reactions in your body What are Enzymes? Protein catalyst Act on substrates (reactants) End in ASE – Ex. Lactase digest lactose HOW?

Pellagra

Page 21: Enzymes Metabolism Reactions in your body What are Enzymes? Protein catalyst Act on substrates (reactants) End in ASE – Ex. Lactase digest lactose HOW?

Scurvy


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