EnzymesEnzymes

The protein catalyst The protein catalyst of lifeof life

Enzyme VocabularyEnzyme Vocabulary

Enzymes end in Enzymes end in ––asease– MaltMaltasease binds to maltose binds to maltose– LactLactasease binds to lactose binds to lactose– LipLipasease breaks down fat breaks down fat– AmylAmylasease is found in saliva is found in saliva

Catalyst:Catalyst:– Substance that affects the Substance that affects the raterate of a of a

chemical reaction chemical reaction WITHOUT BEING ALTEREDWITHOUT BEING ALTERED– Because it is not altered, can do same thing Because it is not altered, can do same thing

over, and, over, and, over, and over…….over, and, over, and, over, and over…….– Enzymes are Enzymes are ORGANIC OR BIOLOGICALORGANIC OR BIOLOGICAL

CATALYSTSCATALYSTS

Enzymes are little Energizer Enzymes are little Energizer Bunnies!Bunnies!

Enzyme Vocabulary Enzyme Vocabulary con’t….con’t….

Substrate:Substrate:– The substance upon which the The substance upon which the

enzyme reactsenzyme reacts Active site:Active site:

– Site where enzyme binds to Site where enzyme binds to substratesubstrate

Denature:Denature:– When enzyme’s shape is When enzyme’s shape is

alteredaltered due to: due to:1.1. high temp high temp

2.2. Wrong (pH) acids or basesWrong (pH) acids or bases

You Tube clip: How enzymes You Tube clip: How enzymes workwork

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pvhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pvgpk75us18&feature=relatedgpk75us18&feature=related

Importance of Enzyme Importance of Enzyme ShapeShape

EnzymesEnzymes have have specific shapesspecific shapes This means This means enzymesenzymes are are specificspecific to to

their their substratesubstrate They will only attach to They will only attach to substratesubstrate that that

““fitsfits” their ” their shapeshape If If shapeshape of of enzymeenzyme is is denatureddenatured, will it , will it

be able to bind to its be able to bind to its substratesubstrate??– NONO!!

TwoTwo things can cause things can cause denaturingdenaturing::1.1. TemperatureTemperature

2.2. pHpH

Enzyme-Substrate Enzyme-Substrate ComplexComplex

Formed when Formed when enzymeenzyme binds to binds to substratesubstrate– Very specificVery specific

Lock and Key Model:Lock and Key Model:– Enzyme-substrate complex often compared to a Enzyme-substrate complex often compared to a

lock and keylock and key– Active siteActive site on on enzymeenzyme can only “ can only “FITFIT” or bind to a ” or bind to a

specific specific substratesubstrate Example:Example: Amylase will bind to starch, but not Amylase will bind to starch, but not

cellulose which is also made of just glucosecellulose which is also made of just glucose

DEMODEMO

Enzyme-substrate Enzyme-substrate ComplexComplex

The Enzyme Jingle!The Enzyme Jingle!SUNG TO “JINGLE BELLS”!SUNG TO “JINGLE BELLS”!

Shape, Shape, ShapeShape, Shape, ShapeShape, Shape, ShapeShape, Shape, Shape

Enzymes have a shapeEnzymes have a shapeIf active site is denaturedIf active site is denaturedIt won’t bind su-ubstra-ateIt won’t bind su-ubstra-ate

Shape, shape, shapeShape, shape, shapeShape, shape, shapeShape, shape, shape

Enzymes have a shapeEnzymes have a shapeWrong pH or temperatureWrong pH or temperature

Will affect its shapeWill affect its shape

What affects Enzyme What affects Enzyme Reaction Rates?Reaction Rates?

Remember, enzymes Remember, enzymes speed up speed up reactionsreactions

What can What can affect the rateaffect the rate at at which enzymes perform?which enzymes perform?

1.1. It’s It’s shapeshape!! DenaturingDenaturing affects rate affects rate

2.2. The The amountamount of of enzymeenzyme and and substratesubstrate!!

Enzyme shape and Enzyme shape and reaction rate: reaction rate: TemperatureTemperature

Enzymes have a Enzymes have a specific temperaturespecific temperature range at which they work bestrange at which they work best– EXEX. Human enzymes work best at 37. Human enzymes work best at 37°°CC

TempsTemps not in the not in the optimal rangeoptimal range will cause will cause enzymes to enzymes to denaturedenature

Shape is Shape is alteredaltered, so , so reaction ratesreaction rates are are SLOWEDSLOWED or or stopped altogetherstopped altogether

Reaction rates will DROP dramatically Reaction rates will DROP dramatically depending on depending on how much denaturinghow much denaturing of of enzymeenzyme

DEMODEMO

Temperature vs. Temperature vs. Reaction RateReaction Rate

Enzyme shape and Enzyme shape and reaction rate: pHreaction rate: pH

Enzymes have a Enzymes have a specific pHspecific pH range at range at which they work bestwhich they work best– EXEX. Most enzymes work best at pH 7. Most enzymes work best at pH 7– Where in the body would enzymes be optimal Where in the body would enzymes be optimal

at a low (acidic) pH? Why?at a low (acidic) pH? Why? In stomach. This is because stomach acid has a low In stomach. This is because stomach acid has a low

pHpH pH pH not in the not in the optimal rangeoptimal range will cause will cause

enzymes to enzymes to denaturedenature ShapeShape is is alteredaltered, so reaction rates are , so reaction rates are

SLOWEDSLOWED or stopped altogether or stopped altogether Reaction rates will DROP dramatically Reaction rates will DROP dramatically

depending on how much denaturing of depending on how much denaturing of enzymeenzyme

pH vs. Reaction RatepH vs. Reaction Rate

Enzyme amount and Enzyme amount and reaction ratereaction rate

Enzyme rate also depends on the Enzyme rate also depends on the amount enzyme and substrateamount enzyme and substrate– Little enzyme, lots o’ substrate:Little enzyme, lots o’ substrate:

Slower ratesSlower ratesHow can we speed up the How can we speed up the rate?rate?–Add more enzyme until max. Add more enzyme until max. rate achieved.rate achieved.

Substrate Concentration vs. Substrate Concentration vs. Reaction RateReaction Rate

CAPTAIN ENZYME!CAPTAIN ENZYME!

He is a biological superhero, roaming He is a biological superhero, roaming our bodies for health and justice.our bodies for health and justice.

1.1. Create a quote that captain enzyme would Create a quote that captain enzyme would say using the vocab we have learned this say using the vocab we have learned this week. week.

2.2. Make sure you are using the terms properly!Make sure you are using the terms properly!

3.3. Grade will be based on:Grade will be based on:1.1. Use of vocabUse of vocab

2.2. CreativityCreativity

3.3. Superhero ImpersonationSuperhero Impersonation