eq: what are earth’s plates, and how do their movements change our planet’s surface?
TRANSCRIPT
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EQ: What are Earth’s plates, and how do their movements change our planet’s surface?
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Geologists have used two main types of evidence to learn about Earth’s interior: direct evidence from rock samples and indirect evidence from seismic waves.
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study Earth’s interior by indirect methods.
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Geologists record seismic waves and study how they travel through Earth.
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increases quickly, and then more slowly.
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increases as you move from the surface towards the center
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Pressure – is the force pushing on a surface or area
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a layer of rock that forms Earth’s outer surface.
contains- mountains, rocks, soil, and water
dry land and ocean floor (continental crust & oceanic crust)
5-40 kilometers thick
thinnest under oceans and thickest under mountains
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makes up most of oceanic crust
dark, dense rock with a fine texture
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makes up most of continental crust
usually lighter in color, less dense, and with larger crystals than basalt
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directly below the crust
layer of solid hot rock
contains lithosphere, and asthenosphere
nearly 3,000 kilometers thick
Earth’s thickest layer (most mass)
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uppermost part of the mantle and the crust together
rigid layer (lithos means “stone”)
averages 100 kilometers thick
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soft layer just below the lithosphere
soft layer (asthenes means “weak”)
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contains iron and nickel
behaves like a thick liquid
2,250 km thick
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under extreme pressure
very dense ball of solid metal
1,200 km thick
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Crust
Mantle
Outer Core
Inner Core
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Video link:
inner core spins inside the Earth at a slightly faster rate than the rest of the planet, which causes the planet to act like a giant bar magnet.
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What makes up Earth’s hard surface?
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What is geology?
The study of planet Earth
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Give an example of a constructive force.
volcanoes shape the surface by building up mountains and landforms
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Give an example of a destructive force.
rain and ocean waves shapes the surface by slowly wearing away mountains and other landforms
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About how far is it from the surface to the center of the Earth?
over 6,000 kilometers
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How do geologists learn about Earth’s interior?
indirect method- they use seismic waves
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How are seismic waves produced?
earthquakes
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What happens to the temperature as you from the surface toward the center of the Earth?
the temperature increases quickly at first and then more slowly
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What happens to the pressure as you go from the surface toward the center of Earth?
pressure increases
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What are the main layers that make up Earth?
inner core, outer core, mantle, & crust
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The outer layer of rock that forms Earth’s outer skin is called?
the crust
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Where is the crust the thickest?
under mountains
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Where is Earth’s crust the thinnest?
under the oceans
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What is basalt?
the dark-colored rock that makes up most of the oceanic crust
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What is granite?
the light-colored rock that makes up most of the continental crust
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What is the mantle?
layer of hot rock between the crust and the core
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What is the lithosphere?
rigid layer that includes the upper part of the mantle and crust
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What is the asthenosphere ?
soft layer just below the lithosphere
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How thick is the mantle?
2,900 km
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What makes up the outer core?
iron and nickel
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What are the main layers that make up Earth?
inner core, outer core, mantle, & crust