CHERNE 2013, Salamanka 4. - 7. June 2013

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Erasmus Programmes in the CHERNE Activities

Czech Technical University in Prague (CTU)

Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering

115 19 Praha 1, Břehová 7, Czech Republic

CHERNE 2013, Salamanka 4. - 7. June 2013

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The Erasmus Programme (EuRopean Community Action Scheme for Mobility of University Students) is a European Union student exchange programme established in 1987. The CHERNE Courses from PAN (2002) till SARA were organized with the support of Erasmus Programme, the last courses with the support of IP Erasmus programme. CHERNE Prague group evaluates this activity as very successful.

CHERNE 2013, Salamanka 4. - 7. June 2013

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We plan to prepare the complete 1 semester course for Erasmus students, 5 – 6 subjects, specialized on the Radiological Physics.

The course could include next subjects:

Introductory Radiation Physics and Dosimetry. Detection Systems and Imaging Methods in

Radiological PhysicsIntroduction in RadiodiagnosticsIntroduction in RadiotherapyMathematical Methods in Radiological PhysicsPractical Exercises in Radio diagnostics and

Radiotherapy

Radiological Physics – Radiotherapy IPosition of radiotherapy in the framework of oncology: history, basicterminology, basic radiobiology, ionizing radiation in radiotherapy, concept oftarget volumes, role of CT. Target localization, simulation, immobilization and patient set-up methods. Treatment planning - beam parameters and beam modifiers, basic treatment techniques - fixed SAD vs. fixed SSD, static vs. dynamic. Computerized treatment planning - input/output parameters, treatment protocol, verification system. Brachytherapy, orthovoltage radiotherapy, special radiotherapy - TBI, stereotactic irradiation, IMRT, hadron radiotherapy. CT andradiotherapeutic simulator, clinical linear accelerators and radionuclidetreatment machines. Information systems in radiotherapy - data flow, data backup. QA - tests of machines, periodicity. Radiation protection of member staff and patients, personal dosimetry, monitoring, related legislation.

Radiological Physics – Radiotherapy IIlinical radiobiology - organ toxicity criteria, TCP and NTCP models, Intensity Modulated RadioTherapy - optimization, dose delivery methods - compensators, multileaf collimators, special methods (MIMIC, tomotherapy). Dose calculation algorithms based on empirical factors, modelling (point kernel models, pencil kernel models), particle transport. Inhomogeneity correction algorithms - (not) accounting for scattered radiation. Dose distribution verification – anatomic phantoms, 1D, 2D and 3D dosimetry methods. Alternative therapeutic methods -photodynamic therapy, hyperthermia. Hadron biological effects,comparison with conventional radiotherapy, technical aspects (cyclotron, synchrotron, beam modulation, dosimetry). Technical norms and legislation (acceptance tests, commissioning, audits).

Introduction in Radiodiagnostics I

1.X-RAY UNIT: history of diagnostic radiology, x-ray tube, HV generator, other components of an X-ray unit2.X-RAY PRODUCTION: bremsstrahlung, characteristic radiation, X-ray spectrum, parameters of a spectrum3.INTERACTION OF X-RAYS WITH TISSUE, IMAGE PRODUCTION: interaction processes, image production, contrast media, scattered radiation, methods of contrast enhancing4.IMAGE RECEPTORS: X-ray film, intensifying screens, screen-film cassettes, image intensifiers, fluoroscopic imaging chain5.IMAGE QUALITY: noise, contrast, resolution, ROC analysis, image processing6.RADIOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUES: screen-film radiography, fluoroscopy, angiography, mammography, dental radiography, tomography, imaging process - film processing,sensitometry, optimization7.DIGITAL RADIOGRAPHY: digital image receptors, digital imaging techniques,digital image formation, quality and processing

Introduction in Radiodiagnostics II

8.COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY (CT): history, CT generations, CT detectors,reconstruction algorithms, Radon and Fourier transformation9.COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY (CT): CT number, calibration of a CT, CT image, CT dosimetry10.QUALITY CONTROL (QC): legislation requirements, SONS recommendations, practical realization, specifics for special radiographic techniques, optimization11.RADIATION PROTECTION IN DIAGNOSTIC RADIOLOGY: radiation protection of a patient, quantities used for patient dosimetry, radiation protection of workers and public, methods of dose reduction12.LEGISLATION: Council Directive 97/43 Euratom, "Atomic Law" and corresponding regulations,

Mathematical Methods in RadiologicalPhysics

Basic principles of the MC method, probability theory and selected concepts in mathematical statistics. Ionising radiation transport simulation, photons, neutrons and charged particles interactions and their simulation, modelling of the geometric conditions. Statistical tests of the model calculations, variance reduction techniques. Codes for simulation of radiation transport, MCNP(X) code, properties and scope of usage, input file (description of the geometry, materials, sources, tallies), graphical tools, code user control. Tools for

input fines creation/editing a visualization (VISED, Sabrina, Body Builder). Examples of application (practical training) concentrated on radiation physics (shielding, radiation fields/beams/sources, spectral/spatial distributions of the dosimetric quantities, responses of detection systems, radiation protection tasks. SRIM code for simulation of the transport of charged particles. demonstration/training of application of commercial codes for the calculation of the radiation burden in radiodiagnostics.

Practical Exercises in Radiodiagnosticsand Radiotherapy II

Training in the field of radiological physics in radiotherapy organized together with clinical partners. Overview of duties, activities and responsibilities of a radiological physicist. Intrtoduction to the clinical environment and its specifications. Practical (dosimetric and/or other) routine tasks under the supervision of an experienced radiological physicist. Training examples: mechanical tests of a linac and simulator, linac calibration using absolute dose measurement under reference conditions-photon and electron beams, relative dosimetric easurements-photon and electron beams, in-vivo dosimetry using diods and TL detectors, practical excercises with the treatment planning system,brachytherapy dosimetry, Leksell gammaknife dosimetry, cobalt treatment machine dosimetry, etc.

Practical Exercises in Radiodiagnosticsand Radiotherapy I

Training in the field of radiological physics in X-ray diagnostics organizedtogether with clinical partners. Overview of duties, activities andresponsibilities of a radiological physicist. Intorduciton to the clinicalenvironment and its specifications. Practical (dosimetric and/or other) routine tasks under the supervision of an experienced radiological physicist. Training examples: correct setup of the X-ray device (dental, panoramatic, radiographic,fluoroscopic, mammographic, CT), QA tests, image optimization, check of the developer, direct measurement of the patient dose (TL dosimetry), indirect measurement of the patient dose (ion chamber, DAP meter,semiconductor+recalculation), etc.

Practical Exercises in Radiodiagnosticsand Radiotherapy II

Training in the field of radiological physics in radiotherapy organized together with clinical partners. Overview of duties, activities and responsibilities of a radiological physicist. Intrtoduction to the clinical environment and its specifications. Practical (dosimetric and/or other) routine tasks under the supervision of an experienced radiological physicist. Training examples: mechanical tests of a linac and simulator, linac calibration using absolute dose measurement under reference conditions-photon and electron beams, relative dosimetric easurements-photon and electron beams, in-vivo dosimetry using diods and TL detectors, practical excercises with the treatment planning system,brachytherapy dosimetry, Leksell gammaknife dosimetry, cobalt treatment machine dosimetry, etc.

Proton Therapy Center Czech

rapid dose fall-off

unecessary radiation in normal tissues

beam exit beam exit

VVerification of the erification of the iirradiation rradiation of of ppatientsatients at Leksell Gamma Knife at Leksell Gamma Knife

Physical and technical principles

Leksell gamma knife

Exposure to the gel dosimeters Exposure to the gel dosimeters by Leksellby Leksell GGamma amma KKniniffe of varying diameter collimatore of varying diameter collimator

4 mm4 mm 18 mm18 mm14 mm14 mm8 mm8 mm

special glass phantom filled with gel dosimeters

special fixation frame

Quality control in the brain irradiation Quality control in the brain irradiation laboratory animals - ratslaboratory animals - rats

PTC Modelling in MCNPX• The various elements of the PTC have been

modelled using the MCNPX 2.5.0 code

Shielding Calculations - Example

• shielding analysis in/around room with cyclotron

• main sources of radiation in this room– degrader– (a its) collimator

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Master degree programme in medical physicsMaster degree programme in medical physicsat the FNSFE, CTU in Pragueat the FNSFE, CTU in Prague

The master programme is an extension of bachelor degree studies in the field of mathematics and physics

The programme consists of courses formally grouped to 7 blocks

Advanced mathematics and

physics

• equations of mathematical physics

• mathematical statistics

• numerical analysis• quantum mechanics• solid state physics• Monte Carlo

simulations• image processing

Physics of (ionizing) radiation

• nuclear physics• radiation physics• physics and technology

of non-ionizing radiation (magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound)

• technology of ionizing radiation (accelerators, reactor, etc.)

Detection and dosimetry of

ionizing radiation

• radiation dosimetry• radiation detectors• integrating dosimetry• instrumentation for

radiation measurement• radiation metrology

Czech Technical University in PragueCzech Technical University in PragueFaculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical

Engineering Engineering CHERNE 2013, Salamanka

4. - 7. June 201326

Master degree programme in medical physics Master degree programme in medical physics

Medicine and health care

• anatomy and physiology

• biochemistry, pharmacology

• radiological anatomy and pathology

• health ethics• hygiene• clinical applications

in radiology• first aid• technical and health

care regulations

Radiation protection

• biological effects of ionizing radiation

• principles of radiation protection

• optimization• standards• quality assurance• national and

European legislation

Medical radiation physics (MRP)

• MRP in radiotherapy

• MRP in radiodiagnostics

• MRP in nuclear medicine

• clinical dosimetry• radiobiology• radiological

technology

Labs and clinical training

• Labs on detection and dosimetry of ionizing radiation

• basic clinical training in physics of nuclear medicine, radiodiagnostics and radiotherapy

Czech Technical University in PragueCzech Technical University in PragueFaculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical

Engineering Engineering CHERNE 2013, Salamanka

4. - 7. June 201327

Master degree programme in medical physics Master degree programme in medical physics

Czech Technical University in PragueCzech Technical University in PragueFaculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical

Engineering Engineering

Some courses are organized in close

collaboration with relevant national institutions:

• State Office for Nuclear Safety

• State Institute for Radiation Protection

• Czech Metrology Institute

• Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences

Basic clinical training and diploma (degree) thesis are organized in

collaboration with the departments of radiotherapy, radiodiagnostics,

nuclear medicine and ‘medical physics’ of six hospitals in Prague

and Hradec Králové

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Institute of Experimental and Applied PhysicsCTU in Prague

• Medipix

• Medipix2 and Medipix3 are collaborations between number of European Universities and Research Institutes. The aim of the Collaboration is to carry out the design and evalutation of the semiconductor pixel detectors called Medipix (or newly Timepix). The hybrid silicon pixel detector device Medipix was designed for imaging by single quantum counting in each pixel. The device consists of a pixelated sensor chip and a read-out chip containing the amplifier, discriminators and counter(s) for each pixel. In our institute we are devoloping DAQ hardware (USB interface) and software (Pixelman). IEAPis also users of these devices.

Thank you Thank you forfor your attention your attention!!