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Integrating biodiversity conservation into Integrating biodiversity conservation into spatialspatial planning in Malaysia :planning in Malaysia :

Dr G BalamuruganDr G BalamuruganERE Consulting GroupERE Consulting Group

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ContentsContents

�� Spatial planning in Malaysia Spatial planning in Malaysia

�� Incorporation of biodiversity conservation in Incorporation of biodiversity conservation in the National Physical Planthe National Physical Plan

�� Lessons learntLessons learnt

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VISION 2020

LEVEL 1 : NATIONAL PLANNING

LEVEL 2 : REGIONAL/STATE PLANNING

LEVEL 3 : LOCAL PLANNING

5 YEAR

MALAYSIA PLAN

NATIONAL

PHYSICAL PLAN

SECTORAL

POLICIES/ PLANS

STATE

DEVELOPMENT PLANREGIONAL/

STRCTURE PLAN

SECTORAL

POLICIES/ PLANS

LOCAL

PLAN

SPECIAL AREA

PLAN

NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLANNING FRAMEWORK - MALAYSIA

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National Physical PlanNational Physical Plan

�� Provided for by the Town & Country Planning Act Provided for by the Town & Country Planning Act 19761976

�� Aims to strengthen national planning by providing a Aims to strengthen national planning by providing a spatial dimension to national economic policiesspatial dimension to national economic policies

�� Provides general direction of physical developmentProvides general direction of physical development

�� To be reviewed once in every 5 years in tandem To be reviewed once in every 5 years in tandem with the 5with the 5--year national economic plansyear national economic plans

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National Physical PlanNational Physical Plan

�� Because biodiversity conservation is so closely Because biodiversity conservation is so closely related to land use planning, the related to land use planning, the ““environment environment teamteam”” had to be very had to be very proactiveproactive in guiding the rest in guiding the rest of the spatial planning team.of the spatial planning team.

�� The main aim was to The main aim was to protectprotect all the key all the key ““environmentally sensitive areasenvironmentally sensitive areas”” (ESA) and to (ESA) and to guide the direction of development growth.guide the direction of development growth.

�� It was also important to portray the It was also important to portray the hierarchyhierarchy of the of the ESA to enable the other sectors make informed ESA to enable the other sectors make informed decisions.decisions.

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Areas important for the protection of biodiversity

Rank 1

Rank 2

Rank 3

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Areas important for the protection of life support

Rank 1

Rank 2

Rank 3

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Areas important for the protection against hazards

Rank 1

Rank 2

Rank 3

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Rank 1

Rank 2

Rank 3

Composite –Environmentally Sensitive Areas

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Effect on lowerEffect on lower--level planslevel plans

�� NPP sets the minimum requirements NPP sets the minimum requirements –– that that the lower level spatial plans have to adherethe lower level spatial plans have to adhere

�� Most of the Most of the lower level plans lower level plans have since have since identified identified moremore environmentally sensitive environmentally sensitive areas areas –– those that are important at the local those that are important at the local levellevel

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Follow up projectsFollow up projects

�� Establishment of the Central Forest Spine Establishment of the Central Forest Spine (focus on establishment forest connectivity / (focus on establishment forest connectivity / biological corridors)biological corridors)

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Objective

• Re-establish forest connectivity

• Overcome problems associated with forest fragmentation

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Lessons learntLessons learnt

�� Traditional agencies (environment, etc) are weak in Traditional agencies (environment, etc) are weak in finance, manpower and jurisdiction. finance, manpower and jurisdiction.

�� Therefore, when a Therefore, when a ““mainstreammainstream”” agency stresses agency stresses on biodiversity conservation, it has a greater on biodiversity conservation, it has a greater impact than if emphasis is by conventional impact than if emphasis is by conventional environmental agencies.environmental agencies.

�� Before NPP, low level of awareness amongst Before NPP, low level of awareness amongst governmental agencies about the NBSAP. Many governmental agencies about the NBSAP. Many key agencies (town planning, agriculture, finance) key agencies (town planning, agriculture, finance) unfamiliar with Protected areas, CBD, etcunfamiliar with Protected areas, CBD, etc

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Lessons learntLessons learnt

�� Modest level of NGO participation but high Modest level of NGO participation but high level of buylevel of buy--in and support. This led to in and support. This led to greater dissemination of information about greater dissemination of information about the NPP to the general public.the NPP to the general public.

�� Stakeholder consultation does not Stakeholder consultation does not necessarily lead to stakeholder necessarily lead to stakeholder ownershipownership. .

�� In the case of consultation with other In the case of consultation with other government agencies, if consultation not government agencies, if consultation not done properly, could lead to turf war.done properly, could lead to turf war.

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Lessons learntLessons learnt

�� The role of traditional environmental The role of traditional environmental agencies should be to facilitate and to agencies should be to facilitate and to provide appropriate information.provide appropriate information.

�� Identify and nurture champions in key Identify and nurture champions in key agenciesagencies

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Ministry of Environment

Biodiversity Conservation

Town Planning Agency

Roa

ds A

genc

y

Agriculture Agency

Conventional Model

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Agriculture

Agency

Roads Agency

Town

Planning

Agency

Ministry of Environment

Biodiversity Conservation

Facilitator / Coach Other m

ain stream

agencies

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Lessons learntLessons learnt

�� People should be trained on how to plan People should be trained on how to plan and conduct stakeholder workshops. This is and conduct stakeholder workshops. This is now taken for granted. No workshop may now taken for granted. No workshop may be better than a poorly organized one.be better than a poorly organized one.

�� Preach to the Preach to the ““infidelsinfidels”” –– to overcome lack to overcome lack of of bioDbioD awareness outside the traditional awareness outside the traditional sectorssectors

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Lessons learntLessons learnt

�� Mainstreaming is Mainstreaming is competitivecompetitive. All other . All other sectors are also trying to mainstream; e.g.sectors are also trying to mainstream; e.g.

tourism, health, safety, etc.tourism, health, safety, etc.

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Thank youThank you

p e t u n j u k :

r a n c a n g a nt e m p a t a n

DAERAHKOTA TINGGI

p e t u n j u k :

2 0 0 7 - 2 0 2 0

t a j u k

i) KAJIAN RANCANGAN TEMPATAN DAERAH KOTA TINGGI 2007-2020, 2007

s u m b e r

HSK Ulu Sedili

Cadangan HSK Ulu Sedili Tambahan

Cadangan HSK Ulu Sedili Tambahan

HSK Sungai Santi

HSK Sungai Belungkor

HSK Sungai Lebam

HSK Sungai Johor

Cadangan HSK Pantai Timur

Cadangan HSK Seluyut

Cadangan HSK Kluang

HSK Kuala Sedili

HSK Panti

Cadangan HSK Pungai

Cadangan HSK Sedili Kecil

HSK Pantai

Tambahan HSK Ulu Sedili

1 : 300,0001 : 300,000

HUTAN SIMPAN KEKAL DI DAERAH KOTA TINGGI

Bandar / Pekan

Jalanraya

Jalan Negeri

Jalan Persekutuan

Sungai

Lebuhraya

Hutan Simpan Kekal

Sedia ada

Cadangan

p e t u n j u k :

r a n c a n g a nt e m p a t a n

DAERAHKOTA TINGGI

p e t u n j u k :

2 0 0 7 - 2 0 2 0

t a j u k

i) KAJIAN RANCANGAN TEMPATAN DAERAH KOTA TINGGI 2007-2020, 2007

s u m b e r

1 : 300,0001 : 300,000

FUNGSI HUTAN DI DAERAH KOTA TINGGI

Fungsi Hutan

Bandar / Pekan

Jalanraya

Jalan Negeri

Jalan Persekutuan

Sungai

Lebuhraya

Hutan Pengeluaran

Hutan Penyelidikan

Hutan Perlindungan HidupanLiarHutan PerlindunganTanahHutan Simpanan Dara

Cadangan Hutan Tadahan Air

Cadangan Hutan Simpan Kekal

HSK Ulu Sedili

Cadangan HSK Ulu Sedili Tambahan

Cadangan HSK Ulu Sedili Tambahan

HSK Sungai Santi

HSK Sungai Belungkor

HSK Sungai Lebam

HSK Sungai Johor

Cadangan HSK Pantai Timur

Cadangan HSK Seluyut

Cadangan HSK Kluang

HSK Kuala Sedili

HSK Panti

Cadangan HSK Pungai

Cadangan HSKSedili Kecil HSK Pantai

Tambahan HSK Ulu Sedili

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1 : 300,0001 : 300,000

PETA KAWASAN SENSITIF ALAM SEKITAR (KSAS)

Bandar / Pekan

Jalanraya

Jalan Negeri

Jalan Persekutuan

Sungai

Lebuhraya

Tahap KSAS

Tahap 1

Tahap 2

Tahap 3

Stesen Takat Pengambilan Air