erode arts and science college … · 3 pph-9 core-9 nuclear and particle physics 5 3 4 25 75 100 3...

ERODE ARTS AND SCIENCE COLLEGE

(AUTONOMOUS) ERODE -9

M.SC., PHYSICS DEGREE COURSE

(CBCS PATTERN)

FOR CANDIDATE ADMITTED IN THE

ACADEMIC YEAR 2016-2017 & ONWARDS

SCHEME OF EXAMINATION

AND

SYLLABUS

ERODE ARTS AND SCIENCE COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS) ERODE -9COURSE : M.SC., BRANCH : PHYSICS

EXAMINATIONSSEM SUBJECT

CODECORE

ELECTIVEPRACTICAL

PROJECT

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S/ W

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DU

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TIO

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CIA

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1 PPH-1 CORE-1 Classical Mechanics 5 3 4 25 75 100

1 PPH-2 CORE-2 Mathematical Physics 5 3 4 25 75 100

1 PPH-3 CORE-3 Quantum mechanics-I 5 3 4 25 75 100

1 PPH-4 CORE-4 Advanced Computational Physics 5 3 4 25 75 100

1 ELMP-1 ELECTIVE-1 Microprocessor and its applications 4 3 4 25 75 100

1 PPPH-1 PRACTICAL-1 General Physics 3 - - - - -

1 PPPH-2 PRACTICAL-2 Electronics 3 - - - - -

2 PPH-5 CORE-5 Quantum Mechanics-II 5 3 4 25 75 100

2 PPH-6 CORE-6 Electro Magnetic Theory 5 3 4 25 75 100

2 PPH-7 CORE-7 Electronic Devices 5 3 4 25 75 100

2 ELMP-2 ELECTIVE-2 Thin Film Physics 4 3 4 25 75 100

2 PPPH-1 PRACTICAL-1 General Physics 5 4 4 40 60 100

2 PPPH-2 PRACTICAL-2 Electronics 5 4 4 40 60 100

3 PPH-8 CORE-8 Experimental Techniques And Data Analysis 5 3 4 25 75 100

3 PPH-9 CORE-9 Nuclear And Particle Physics 5 3 4 25 75 100

3 PPH-10 CORE-10 Spectroscopy 5 3 4 25 75 100

3 PPH-11 CORE-11 Communication Electronics 5 3 4 25 75 100

3 ELMP-3 ELECTIVE-3 Nano Science And Technology 4 3 4 25 75 100

3 PPPH-3 PRACTICAL-3 Advanced Mat Lab Programming 3 - - - - -

3 PPPH-4 PRACTICAL-4 Special Electronics 3 - - - - -

4 PPH-12 CORE-12 Condensed Matter Physics 5 3 4 25 75 100

4 PPH-13 CORE-13 Thermodynamics And Statistical Physics 5 3 4 25 75 100

4 PPH-14 CORE-14 Crystal Physics 5 3 4 25 75 100

4 PPPH-3 PRACTICAL-3 Advanced Mat Lab Programming 5 6 5 40 60 100

4 PPPH-4 PRACTICAL-4 Special Electronics 5 6 5 40 60 100

4 PPH-PV PROJECT Project & Viva-voce 5 - 4 - - 100*

Total 90 2200*PROJECT REPORT - 80% marks; Viva -voce-20% marks

FIRST SEMESTER

CORE PAPER – 1

PPH –1 - CLASSICAL MECHANICS

UNIT I: Lagrangian Formalism:

Constraints and degree of freedom – Generalized coordinates: Generalized Displacement,

Acceleration, Momentum, force & Potential – Variation techniques and Euler’s Lagrange differential equation

– Hamilton’s Principle – Lagrange’s equation of motion from Hamilton’s principle – Application of

Lagrange’s equation of motion: Linear harmonic oscillation – Simple pendulum – Isotropic oscillator – Particle

moving under central force – conservation theorems: Cyclic coordinates – Conservation of Linear momentum –

Conservation of energy.

UNIT II: Hamiltonian Formalism:

Phase space – Hamiltonian – Hamilton’s canonical equation of motion – Significance of H – Deduction

of canonical equation from variation principle – Application of Hamilton’s equation of motion; Simple

pendulum – Principle of least action and proof – Canonical transformations – Generation function and different

forms.

UNIT III: Hamilton – Jacobi Method:

Hamilton Jacobi Method – Solution of harmonic oscillator by HJ method – Particle falling freely –

Kepler problem – Poisson’s brackets – Definition – Equation of motion in Poisson’s bracket form Poisson

theorem (Jacobi Identity) – Angular momentum and Poisson’s Brackets.

UNIT IV: Two Body Problem:

Equivalent One body problem – General Features of central force, motion – Stability of orbits and

Conditions for closure – Motion under inverse square law Shapes of orbits – Inertial / No inertial frames –

Rotatory Co-ordinatory system – Effects of coriolis force on the moving bodies.

UNIT V: Rigid body dynamics & Small oscillation:

Euler theorem – Euler’s angle – Angular Velocity of a rigid body – Angular momentum of rigid body –

Moments and products of inertia – Principle axis of transformation – Torque free motion of a rigid body –

Poinsot solution – The motion of a symmetric top under action of gravity – Stable and unstable equilibrium –

Lagrange’s equation of motion for small oscillation.

Books for study & Reference:

1. Classical Mechanics – S.L. Gupta, V. Kumar & H.V. Sharma – Pragati Prakashan – Meerut, 2003.

2. Classical Mechanics – H. Goldstein – Addison Wesley, London, 1996.

3. Elements of Statistical Mechanics – Kamal Singh & S.P. Singh – S. Chand & Company, New Delhi,

1999.

4. Elements of Statistical Mechanics – Gupta & Kumar – Pragati Prakashan – Meerut.

DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS

ERODE ARTS AND SCIENCE COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS) ERODE -9

M.SC., PHYSICS

Question paper pattern

(2011-2012 and onwards)

Duration of Examination: 3 Hours Maximum Marks:75

Section – A (5x5=25)

Either OR Type – Two questions from each Unit

Each question carrying Five Marks

Section – B (5x10=50)


Each question carrying Ten Marks

FIRST SEMESTER

CORE PAPER – 2

PPH – 2 – MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS

UNIT I: Special Functions:

Legendre’s Polynomials and function – Differential Equations and Solutions – Generating

Functions – Orthogonality – Relation between Legendre Polynomial and their Derivatives –

Recurrence Relations – Bessel’s Function – Differential Equation and Solution – Generating Functions

– Recurrence Relations – Hermite function.

UNIT II: Complex Variable Theory:

Functions of a complex Variable – Single and Multivalued Functions – Cauchy – Riemann

Differential Equation – Analytical Line Integrals of Complex Function – Cauchy’s Integral Theorem

and Integral Formula – Derivative of an Analytic Function – Taylor’s Variables – Residue and

Cauchy’s Residue Theorem.

UNIT III: Linear Space:

Definition of Vector Space – Linear Independence – Basis – Dimension of a Vector Space –

Representation of Vectors and Linear Operators with respect to Basis – Schmidt Orthogonalization

Product – Inner Product.

UNIT IV: Fourier series & Laplace Transforms:

Fourier Series –Dirichlet’s Theorem – Change of Interval Complex From Fourier Series in the

Interval (0,∞) – Uses of Fourier Series – Laplace Transform – Definition – Properties – Translation

Property – Inverse Laplace Transforms – Properties.

UNIT V: Group Theory:

Definition of Groups – Groups of Transformation – Multiplication Table (C4v) – Subgroups

and Conjugate Classes – Cyclic Groups Elements – Transformation & Matrix Representation – Point

& Space Groups – Orthogonality Theorem – Character of a Representation & Character Table – C2v

& C3v Groups in Molecular Physics – Application for Classification of Elementary Particles.


1. Mathematical Physics – Sathya Prakash ,Chand & Sons

2. Mathematical Physics – B.D. Gupta – Vikas Publishing House, 3rd Edition, 2006

3. Mathematical Physics – B.S. Rajput – Pragati Prakashan – Meerut 17th Edition 2004

4. Elements of Group Theory for physicists – A.W. Joshi – Wiley Eastern, 2002.

5. Mathematical Physics by P.K. Chattopadhayay – New Age International – New Delhi.

6. Mathematical Physics – P.P. Gupta, Yadav & Malik-Kedarnath Ramnath – Meerut.

7. Numerical Methods in Science & Engineering – M.K. Venkatraman – National Publishing –

Chennai, 1986.

8. Numerical Methods – A. Singaravelu – Meenakshi Publishing.



M.SC., PHYSICS










FIRST SEMESTER

CORE PAPER-3

PPH- 3 -QUANTUM MECHANICS - I

UNIT I: Equation of Motion and Application of Schrodinger’s Equation:

State vectors –Hilbert space –Dirac notation –Dynamical variables as operators –Change of

Basis –Unitary Transformation –Equation of motion in Schrodinger picture, Heisenberg picture and

Dirac picture.

UNIT II: Approximate Methods:

Time independent perturbation theory in non-degenerate case –Ground state of Helium atom –

degenerate case –Stark effect in hydrogen –Variation method and its application to hydrogen molecule

–WKB approximation.

UNIT III: Time Dependent Perturbation Theory:

Time dependent perturbation theory –First and second order transitions – transition to

continuum of states –Fermi Golden Rule – Constant and Harmonic Perturbation – Transition

probabilities –Selection rules for dipole radiation –Collision –Adiabatic approximation.

UNIT IV: Angular Momentum:

Orbital angular momentum –Spin angular momentum –Total angular momentum operators –

Communication relations of total angular momentum with components –Ladder operators –

Communication relation of Jz with J+ and J- Eigen values of J, Jz –Matrix representation of J, Jz, ,J+ and

J- -Addition of angular momenta – Clebsch Gordon coefficients – properties.

UNIT V: Relativistic Wave Equation:

Klein Gordon equation –plane wave equation –charge and current density –Application to the

study of hydrogen like atom –Dirac relativistic equation for a free particle –Dirac matrices –Dirac

equation in electromagnetic field –Negative energy states.


1. Quantum Mechanics –Gupta, Kumar& Sharma -23rd edition, 2003-2004.

2. Quantum Mechanics –Satya prakash.

3. Quantum Mechanics – L.I.Schiff –Mc Graw Hill -3rd edition, 1968.

4. Quantum Mechanics – E.Merzabacher, Wiley &sons -3rd edition-2004.

5. Quantum Mechanics- A.Devanathan-Narosa publishing –New Delhi, 2005.

6. A Text Book of Quantum Mechanics –P.M.Mathews &K.Venkatesan –Tata Mc Graw Hill –

29th reprint, 2002.

7. Principles of Quantum Mechanics –R.Shankar, Springer, 2005.



M.SC., PHYSICS










FIRST SEMESTER

CORE PAPER -4

PPH- 4 -ADVANCED COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS

UNIT I: Numerical Differentiation:

Finding roots of a polynomial – Bisection method –Newton Raphson method –solution of

simultaneous linear equation by Gauss elimination method-solution of ordinary- Differential equation

by Euler, Runge-kutta fourth order methods.

UNIT II: Numerical Integration:

Newton’s cotes formula –Trapezoidal rule –Simpsons’ 1/3 rule –Simpson’s 3/8 rule –Boole’s

rule –Gaussian quadrature method – (2 point and 3 point formulae) –Giraffe’s root square method for

solving algebraic equation.

UNIT III: MATLAB Fundamentals:

Introduction –Matlab features –Desktop Windows: Command, Workspace, Command history,

Array Editor and Current directory –Matlab Help and Demos –Matlab Functions, Characters,

Operators and Commands. Basic Arithmetic in Matlab –Basic operations with Scalars, Vectors And

Arrays –Matrices and Matrix operations –Complex Numbers –Matlab Built-in Functions –illustrative

examples.

UNIT IV: MATLAB Programming:

Control Flow Statements: if, else, else if, switch statements – for , while loop structures – break

statement- Input /Output commands- Function m-files-Script m-files- Controlling output.

UNIT V: MATLAB Graphics:

2D plots –Planar plots, Log plots, Scatter plots, Contour plots –Multiple figures, Graph of a

function-Titles, Labels, Text in a graph –Line types, Marker types, colors -3D Graphics –Curve plots –

Mesh and surfaces plots – Illustrative examples.


1. Engineering and Scientific Computations using Matlab –Sergey E.Lyshevski –John Wiley &

sons.

2. A Guide to MATLAB for Beginners and Experienced users –Braint Hunt, Ronald Lipsman,

Jonathan Rosenberg –Cambridge University press.

3. Matlab Primer –Timothy A. Davis & Kermit Sigmon –Chapman & Hall CRC press –London.

4. Matlab programming –David Kuncicky –Prentice Hall.

5. Getting started with Matlab –Rudra Pratap –Oxford University press –New Delhi.

6. An Introduction to Programming and Numerical methods in MATLAB –S.R.Otto and

J.P.Denier –Springer –Verlag – London.

7. Numerical Methods using Matlab-John Mathews & Kurtis Fink –Prentice Hall –New

Jersey,2006.

8. Numerical Methods in Science and Engineering – M.K.Venkataraman –National Publishing

Co.Madras ,1996.

9. Introductory Methods of Numerical Analysis –S.S.Sastry –Prentice Hall, 2005.



M.SC., PHYSICS










FIRST SEMESTER

ELECTIVE PAPER- 1

ELMP- 1 MICROPROCESSOR AND ITS APPLICATION

UNIT I: Architecture and Programming of 8085:

Architecture of 8085-Organisation of 8085-Control, data and address buses-Registers in 8085-

Addressing modes of 8085-Instruction Sets Of 8085: Data transfer, Arithmetic, Logical, Branching,

Stack and I/O instruction. Instruction cycle, Machine cycle.

UNIT II: Software Programs (8085 Only):

Addition-Subtraction-Multiplication-Division-BCD arithmetic-Searching on array of a given

number-Choosing a biggest and smallest numbers from a list-Ascending and descending orders-Square

roots of a number-Time delay-Square wave generator.

UNIT III: Interfacing Memory and I/O Devices:

Interfacing Memory And Devices –I/O and memory mapped I/O-Type of interfacing devices-

Data transfer schemes - Programmed and DMA data transfer schemes-Programmable peripheral

interface devices (8255A)-8253 timer interface-DMA controller-Programmable interrupt controller

(8259)-Programmable communication interface (8251).

UNIT IV: Architecture of 8086:

Memory organization, register organization: General purpose, index, pointer, segment registers

and flags- Bus Structure: Data bus, Address bus –Effective & physical address and pipe lining.

Address Modes Of 8086: Register, immediate, direct and indirect addressing.

UNIT V: Software Programs (8086 Only):

Addition-Subtraction-Multiplication-Division-BCD arithmetic-Searching on array of a given

number-Choosing a biggest and smallest numbers from a list-Ascending and descending orders-Square

roots of a number-Time delay-Square range generator.


1. Aditya P.Mathur, Introduction to microprocessor, Tata McGraw Hill company, II edition

2. Ramesh S.Gaonkar, Microprocessor Architecture, Programming and Application with 8085, Wiley

Eastern

3. Douglas V.Hall, Microprocessors and interfaces, Tata McGraw Hill company.

4. Aditya P.Mathur, Introduction to microprocessor, Tata McGraw Hill company, III edition

5. Lane A.Leventhal, Introduction to microprocessors software, hardware, Programming, Prentice Hall of

India

6. Kenneth L.Short, Microprocessor and Programmed Logic, Prentice Hall of India

7. Gilmore, Microprocessors, TMH Edition.



M.SC., PHYSICS










SECOND SEMESTER

CORE PAPER 5

PPH- 5 -QUANTUM MECHANICS-II

UNIT I: Scattering Theory:

Scattering Amplitude-Expression in terms of Green's Function-Born Approximation and its

validity-Partial Wave Analysis-Phase Shifts-Scattering by Coulomb and Yukawa Potential.

UNIT II: Application to Atomic Structure:

Central Field Approximation-Thomas Fermi Model-Hartree's Self Consistent Model-Hartree

Fock Equation-Alkali Atoms-Doublet Separation-Intensities-Complex Atoms-Coupling Schemes.

UNIT III: Application to Molecular Structure:

Hydrogen Molecule Ion-Hydrogen Molecule-Heitler London Method-Covalent Bond-Spin

Orbit Interaction as correction to Central Field Approximation-Hertree Fock Self Consistent Field

Method for Molecules-Hybridization.

UNIT IV: Theory of Radiation (Semi Classical Treatment):

Einstein's Co-efficient -Spontaneous and Induced Emission of Radiation from semi classical

Theory-Radiation Field as an Assembly of Oscillators-Interaction with atoms-Emission and

Absorption Rates-Density Matrix and its application.

UNIT V: Quantum Field Theory:

Quantization of Wave Fields-Classical Lagrangian Equation-Classical Hamilton Equation-

Field Quantization of the Non-Relativistic Schrodinger Equation-Creation, Destruction and Number

Operators-Anti Communication Relations.

Book for study & Reference:

1. A text Book of Quantum Mechanics - P.M.Mathews & K.Venkatesan-Tata McGraw Hill 29

Reprint 2002.

2. Quantum Mechanics-Gupta Kumar & Sharma, 23rd Edition, 2003-2004.

3. Quantum Mechanics-Satyaprakash.

4. Introduction to Quantum Mechanics-A.K.Chandra-Tata McGraw Hill.

5. Quantum Mechanics-Merzbacher-John Wiley & Sons 3rd Edition, 2004.

6. Quantum Mechanics-Devanathan-Narosa Publishing-New Delhi, 2005.

7. Quantum Mechanics-Aruldas, 2002.

8. Quantum Mechanics-A.K.Ghatak and S.Loganathan –Mc Millan India 4th Edition,1999.

9 Quantum Mechanics-Messiah (North Holland) 1970

10. Quantum Mechanics-L.I.Schiff-McGraw Hill 3rd Edition, 1968.

11. Principle of Quantum Mechanics-R.Shankar,Springer,2005.



M.SC., PHYSICS










SECOND SEMESTER

CORE PAPER-6

PPH- 6- ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY

UNIT I: Electrostatics:

Coulomb's law- Gauss law-differential and integral representation- Electric field-Electric

potential energy density- Methods of images- Multipole expansions.

UNIT II: Electrostatics in Macroscopic Media:

Potential and field due to an Electric dipole -Dielectric Polarization- External field of a

Dielectric medium -Gauss' theorem in a Dielectric-Electric- Displacement vector D-Linear Dielectrics-

Relations connecting Electric susceptibility χe, polarization P, Displacement D And Dielectric

constant-Boundary Conditions of Field Vectors- Molecular field –Clausius Mosotti relation for non

-polar Molecules-Electrostatics Energy and Energy Density.

UNIT III: Magneto statics:

Biot- Savart law- Statement –Lorentz force law and definition of B-Divergence and curl of B

magnetic Scalar potential (derivation of expression only)-Equivalence of small current Loop and

magnetic Dipole-Magnetic Vector potential (derivation of expression only).

UNIT IV: Electomagnetics:

Equation of Continuity-Displacement Current-Derivation of Maxwell's Equations-Physical

Significance-Poynting Vector-Momentum in EM field. Electromagnetic potentials- Maxwell's

equation in terms of EM potentials-Lorentz Gauge - Coulomb Gauge -Boundary conditions at

interfaces-Reflection and Refraction-Fresnel's Laws- Brewster's law & Degree of Polarization-Total

internal Reflection and Critical Angle

UNIT V: Relativistic Electrodynamics:

Four vectors -Transformation Relations for Charge and current Densities for Electromagnetic

Potentials-Covariant Form of Inhomogeneous Wave Equations -Covariance of field Equations in terms

of Four Vectors-Covariant form of Electric and Magnetic Field Equations-covariance of

Electromagnetic Field Tensor- covariant form of Lorentz force law

Books for study & Reference

1. Electromagnetic Theory-Chopra & Agarwal- Nath&Co.1984

2. Electrodynamics -Gupta, Kumar &Singh-Pragati prakashan-meerut 1680.

3. Electromagnetic theory &Electrodynamics-Satyaprakash-kedarnath Ramnath& Co-Meerut.

4. Classical Electrodynamics-J.D.Jackson-Wiley Eastern 3rd Edition, 2004.

5. Principals of Electrodynamics-M.Schwartz-McGraw Hill

6. Introduction to EM Fields &Waves- Carson& Lorrain



M.SC., PHYSICS










SECOND SEMESTER

CORE PAPER- 7

PPH- 7- ELECTRONIC DEVICES

UNIT I: Semiconductor Devices:

FET as a Voltage Variable Resistor-Common Source Amplifier at High Frequencies-

Common Drain Amplifier at High Frequencies-Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR)-Characteristics-

SCR power control-Tunnel diode Optoelectronics-Photo resistor-Photo diode-Photo Transistor-LED-

Photo Voltaic Effect -Solar cells.

UNIT II: Operational Amplifier:

Frequency Response of Op- Amp-Parameters of an Op-Amp-Sign changer-Scale changer

Adder-Subtractor-Phase Shifter-Differential Amplifier- Integrator-Differentiator-Analog Computer

Setup to Solve Linear Simultaneous Equation-Differential Equations in Physics Logarithmic &

Exponential Amplifiers-Active filters.

UNIT III: Digital circuits & Devices I:

Logic families- Combinational Logic-Function of Combinational Logic-Flip Flops and other

Multivibrators-Counters

UNIT IV: Digital circuits & Devices II:

Shift registers-Memories RAM, ROM, PROM, EPROM-Charge Coupled Devices (CCD).

UNIT V: Signal processing & Data Acquisition

Wave Form Generators and Wave Shaping Circuits- Sinusoidal Oscillators-Phase Shift

Oscillator- Wein Bridge Oscillator -Crystal Oscillator Multivibrators Comparators-Schmitt

Trigger-Square Wave & Triangular Wave Generators-Pulse Generators -IC 555 timer and its

Application- Signal and Signal Processing-Analog Multiplexer and Demultiplexer-D/A

Converts-A/D Converters.

Books for Study & Reference

1. Microelectronics- Millman & Grabel- Mc Graw Hill, 1982

2. Integrated Electronics- Millman & Halkias- Tata McGraw Hill 17th reprint 2000

3. Digital Fundamentals- Floyd-UBS 1600

4. Digital Principles and Applications-Malvino-McGraw Hill 1600

5. Physics of Semiconductor Devices - Wiley Eastern.



M.SC., PHYSICS










SECOND SEMESTER

ELECTIVE PAPER-2

ELMP-2 -THIN FILM PHYSICS

UNIT I: Preparation of thin films:

Spray pyrolytic process-characteristic feature of the spray pyrolytic process-ion plating-

Vacuum evaporation-evaporation theory-The construction and use of vapour sources-Sputtering,

methods of sputtering-Reactive sputtering-RF sputtering-DC planer m magnetron Sputtering.

UNIT II: Thickness measurement and nucleation and growth in thin films:

Thickness measurement electrical methods-optical interference methods -multiple beam

interferometry – Fizeau -FECO methods-quartz crystal thickness monitor. Theories of thin film

nucleation -Four stages of film growth incorporation of defects during growth.

UNIT III: Electrical properties of metallic thin film:

Source of resistivity in metallic conductors-sheet resistance-temperature co efficient of

Resistance (TCR)-influence of thickness on resistivity-Hall effect and magneto resistance-annealing-

agglomerations and oxidation.

UNIT IV: Transport properties of semiconducting and insulating films:

Semiconducting films of theoretical consideration-Experimental result photo conduction-

Field effect thin films - transistor, insulation film Dielectric properties –dielectric Losses - ohmic

contacts-Metal-insulators and Metal-Metal contacts-DC and AC conduction mechanism.

UNIT V: Optical properties of thin films and thin film solar cells:

Thin film optics-Theory-optical constants of thin films-Experimental techniques-Multilayer

optical system-interference filters-antireflection coatings, thin film solar cells: Role, progress, and

production of thin solar cells-photovoltaic parameter, Thin film silicon (poly crystalline) solar cells:

Current status of Bulk silicon solar cells -Fabrication Technology-photovoltaic performance: emerging

solar cells: GaAs and CuInSe.

Book for study

1. Hand book of thin films technology -L.I.Maissel and R.Clang

2. Thin film Phenomena-K.L.Chopra

3. Physics of Thin film-Vol 12, E.D.George hass and others

4. Thin film solar cells- K.L Chopra and S.R.Das

5. Thin film processes-J L Vilsan

Book for study & Reference

1. Vacuum deposition of thin films-I/Holland

2. The use of Thin films in Physical investigation-J.C.Anderson

3. Thin film technology-Berry, Koil, and Harris



M.SC., PHYSICS










PPPH – 1

PRACTICAL -1

GENERAL PHYSICS

(Examination at the end of second semester)

Any twelve experiments

1. Young’s modulus-elliptical fringes (cornu’s method)

2. Young’s modulus-hyperbolic fringes (cornu’s method)

3. Viscosity of liquid – Mayer oscillating Disc

4. Stephen’s constant

5. Rydeberg’s constant – grating spectrum

6. Thickness of insulation by air wedge

7. Determination of audio frequencies – bridge method

8. Thermal conductivity – Forbe’s method

9. Electronic charge “e” by Millikan oil drop method

10. Electronic specific charge e/m by Thomson method

11. Specific heat of liquid – Ferguson’s method

12. Thermistor – Temperature co-efficient and band gap energy determination

13. Bi-Prism on optical bench – determination of wave length

14. Geiger Muller counter- determination of half life of radioactive element

15. Michelson interferometer – λ , dλ and thickness of mica sheet

16. Hall effect and its application

17. e/m Zeeman effect

18. e/m magnetron method

19. B-H curve – anchor ring

20. GM counter – characteristics

21. Four probe method – electrical conductivity

PPPH – 2

PRACTICAL -2

ELECTRONICS

(Examination at the end of second semester)


1. FET characteristics.

2. UJT characteristics.

3. SCR characteristics.

4. Op-amp – inverting, non- inverting, voltage follower.

5. Op-amp – sign changer, summer, and subtractor.

6. Op-amp – differentiator and integrator

7. Op-amp – analog to digital converter

8. Op-amp – digital to analog converter

9. Op-amp – V/I and I/V converter

10. Active filters

11. Mono stable multivibrators

12. Astable multivibrators using 555

13. Schmitt trigger using 555

14. Gray code conversion

15. Half adder and full adder

16. Half subtractor and full subtractor

17. Flip flop – RS, Clocked RS

18. Flip flop – JK , D

19. Study of multiplexer and de-multiplexer

20. Decoder and Encoder

THIRD SEMESTER

CORE PAPER - 8

PPH- 8 -EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES AND DATA ANALYSIS

UNIT I: Introduction Measurement of Error:

Accuracy, Precision, resolution, sensitivity-Absolute and Relative Errors. Types of Error-Gross

Error, Systematic Error and Random Error. Standards of measurements-Classification of Standards,

Time and Frequency standards, electrical standards-Standards of Temperature and luminous intensity.

UNIT II: Electrical Transducer Classification:

Active and Passive Transducer-Resistive, Inductive, Capacitive Thermocouple and

Piezoelectric Transducers-Digital Transducers.

UNIT III: Amplifier and Signal Conditioning:

Instrumentation amplifier-Isolation amplifier-Choppers amplifier-Voltage to frequency and

frequency to voltage converters-frequency multipliers-Logarithmic amplifier-S/H circuit Active

Filters-Low pass ,High pass, Band pass Filters ,band stop filters-Butter worth Filter-All pass Filter.

UNIT IV: Signal Analysis:

Wave analyzers-Audio frequency wave analyzer-heterodyne wave analyzer-Harmonic

distortion analyzers-Resonant harmonic distortion analyzers-Heterodyne harmonic distortion analyzer-

Fundamental suppression harmonic distortion analyzer-Spectrum analyzer-Spectra of CW, AM, FM,

PM waves.

UNIT V: Electronic Measuring Instruments:

Q-meter-Vector impedance meter-Digital frequency meter-Digital voltmeter-Phase meter-RF

power and voltage measurement-Power factor meter-Vector voltmeter. Display and Recording: X-T,

X-Y recorders-Magnetic tape recorders-Storage oscilloscope characteristics of digital display: LED,

LCD.


1. Modern Electronic Instrumentation and Measurement Techniques-A.O.Hefnick, W.D.Cooper,

Prentice Hall India publications.

2. Instrumentation devices and systems-C.S.Rangan, G.R.Sharma and VSV Mani, Tata McGraw

Hill publications.

3. Introduction to instrumentation and control-A.K.Ghosh-Prentice hall India publications

4. Electrical & Electronics measurement & Instrumentation-A.K.Sawhney

5. Modern electronic instrumentation-W.D.Cooper



M.SC., PHYSICS










THIRD SEMESTER

CORE PAPER-9

PPH- 9 -NUCLEAR & PARTICLE PHYSICS

UNIT I: Nuclear Structure:

Distribution of Nuclear Charge-Nuclear Mass-Mass Spectroscopy-Mass Spectrometer-

Theories of Nuclear Composition (proton-electron, proton-neutron) -Bound States of Two

Nucleons -Spin States-Pauli's Exclusion Principle-Tensor Force-Static Force-Exchange Force.

UNIT II: Radioactivity Decay:

Alpha Decay: Properties of α Particles-Gamma's Theory of α Decay-Geiger Nuttal Law- α Ray

Energies -Fine Structure of α Rays- α Disintegration Energy-Long Range α Particle

Beta Decay: Properties of β Particles-General Features of β Ray Spectrum-Pauli's Hypothesis –

Fermi's Theory of β Decay-Forms of Interactions and Selection Rules.

Gamma Decay: Absorption of γ Rays by Matter-Interaction of γ Rays with Matter- Measurement

of γ Ray Energies-Internal Conversion.

UNIT III: Nuclear Models:

Liquid Drop Model: Bohr Wheeler Theory of Fission-Condition for Spontaneous Fission-

Activation Energy-Seaborg's Expression.

Shell Model: Explanation of Magic Numbers-Prediction of Shell Model-Prediction of Nuclear Spin

and Parity-Nuclear Statistics-Magnetic Moment of Nuclei-Schmidt Lines- Nuclear Isomerism.

Collective Model: Explanation of Quadrupole Moments.

UNIT lV: Nuclear Reactions:

Kinds of Reactions and Conservation Laws-Energy of Nuclear Reaction-Isospin Continuum

Theory of Nuclear Reaction-Resonance-Breit and Wigner Dispersion Formula-Stages of a Nuclear

Reaction-Statistical Theory of Nuclear Reaction-Kinematics of Stripping and Pickup Reaction.

UNIT V: Particle Physics:

Leptons-Hadrons-Mesons-Hyperons-Pions-Meson Resonances-Strange Mesons and Baryons

Gell-Mann Okuba Mass Formula for Baryons-CP Violation in Neutral Kaons (K0) Decay- Symmetry

and Conversion Laws-Quark Model-Reaction and Decays.


1. Concepts of Nuclear Physics-Bernard L.Cohen-Tata McGraw Hill-New Delhi 1600, 1978

2. Introductory Nuclear Physics-Kenneth S.Krane-John Wiley & Sons

3. Nuclear Physics-D.C.Sharma-K.Nath & Co-Meerut 1600

4. Nuclear and particle physics-Pandya and Yadav

5. Nuclear Physics-J.C. Tayal-Umesh Prakhasan-Gujarat

6. Physics of Nucleus and Particles-Volume I & II-B. Nermeir & Sheldon

7. The Investigations of Physics World-G.Torld di Froncia-Cambridge University Press

8. Auto Nuclear-Evan-McGraw Hill.



M.SC., PHYSICS










THIRD SEMESTER

CORE PAPER-10

PPH- 10- SPECTROSCOPY

UNIT I: Atomic & Microwave Spectroscopy:

Spectra of Alkali Metal Vapours-Normal Zeeman Effect-Anomalous Zeeman Effect-

Magnetic Moment of Atom and the G Factor –Lande’s ‘G’ Formula –Paschen Back Effect-

Hyperfine Structure of Spectral Lines .Microwave Spectroscopy-Experimental Method-Theory

of Microwave Spectra of Linear, Symmetric top Molecules-Hyperfine Structure-Quadrupole

Moment-Inversion Spectrum of Ammonia.

UNIT II: Infrared & Raman spectroscopy:

IR Spectroscopy: Practical Aspects-theory of IR rotation vibration spectra of Gaseous Diatomic

Molecules-Applications-basic principles of FTIR spectroscopy.

Raman spectroscopy: Classical and quantum theory of Raman Effect-Rotation Vibration Raman

Spectra of Diatomic and Polyatomic Molecules – Applications-Laser Raman Spectroscopy.

UNIT III: Electronic Spectra: Fluorescence & Phosphorescence spectroscopy

Electronic Excitation of Diatomic Species-Vibrational Analysis of Band Systems of Diatomic

Molecules-Deslandre’s Table-Intensity Distribution-Franck Condon Principle-Rotational Structure

of Electronic Bands-Resonance and Normal Fluorescence-Intensities of Transitions- Phosphorescence

Population of Triplet State and Intensity-Experimental Methods-Applications of Fluorescence and

Phosphorescence.

UNIT IV: NMR &NQR Spectroscopy:

NMR Spectroscopy: Quantum Mechanical and Classical Description-Bloch Equation-Relaxation

Processes-Experimental Technique-Principle and Working of High Resolution NMR Spectrometer-

Chemical Shift.

NQR Spectroscopy: Fundamental Requirements-General Principle-Experimental Detection

Of NQR Frequencies-Interpretation and Chemical Explanation of NQR Spectroscopy.

UNIT V: ESR &Mossbauer Spectroscopy:

ESR Spectroscopy: Basic principles-Experiments-ESR Spectrometer-Reflection Cavity and

Microwave bridge-ESR Spectrum-Hyperfine structure

Mossbauer spectroscopy: Mossbauer Effect-Recoilless Emission and Absorption- Mossbauer

spectrum-experimental Methods-Hyperfine interaction-Chemical Isomer Shift-Magnetic Hyperfine

and electric Quadrupole Interaction


1. Molecular Structure and spectroscopy-G. Aruldhas

2. Spectroscopy: Volumes I,II and III –B.P.Straugham & S.Walker

3. Fundamental of molecular Spectroscopy-C.B.Banwell

4. Introduction to Molecular Spectroscopy –G.M.Barrow

5. Atomic Physics –J.B.Rajam, S.Chand publications



M.SC., PHYSICS










THIRD SEMESTER

CORE PAPER-11

PPH- 11- COMMUNICATION ELECTRONICS

UNIT I: Antennas & Wave Propagation:

Terms and Definition – Effect of Ground on Antennas – Grounded λ/4 Antenna – Ungrounded

λ /2 Antenna – Antenna Arrays – Broadside and End Side Arrays – Antenna Gain – Directional High

Frequency Antennas – Sky wave Propagation – Ionosphere – Ecles & Larmor Theory – Magneto Ionic

Theory – Ground Wave Propagation.

UNIT II: Microwaves:

Microwave Generation – Multicavity Klystron – Reflex Klystron – Magnetron – Travelling

Wave Tubes (TWT) and other Microwave Tubes – MASER- Gunn Diode.

UNIT III: Radar and Television:

Elements of a Radar System – Radar Equation – Radar Performance Factors –Radar

Transmitting Systems – Radar Antennas – Duplexers – Radar Receivers and Indicators – Pulsed

Systems – Other Radar Systems – Colour TV Transmission and Reception.

UNIT IV: Communication Electronics:

Analog and Digital Signals – Modulation – Types of Modulation Amplitude modulation

Theory – Frequency spectrum of the AM wave – Representation of AM – Power relations in the AM

wave – Generation of AM – Basis requirements – Description of frequency and phase modulation-

Effects of noise on carrier.

UNIT V: Optical Fibres:

Propagation of light in an Optical Fibre – Acceptance Angle – Numerical Aperture – Step and

Graded Index Fibres – Optical Fibre as a cylindrical Wave Guide – Wave Guide – Wave Guide

Equations – Wave Equations in Step index Fibres – Fibre Losses and Dispersion – Applications.

Book for Study & Reference

1. Electronic Communication System – George Kennedy & Davis – Tata McGraw Hill 4th Edition

1989.

2. Principles of Communication Systems – Taub Schilling – TMH 1986.

3. Communication Systems – Simon Haykin–John Wiley & Sons 2005.

4. Electronics & Radio Engineering – F.E. Terman – McGraw Hill.

5. Communication Systems – Carlson – McGraw Hill 3rd Edition 1986.

6. Fibre Optics Technology & Applications – Stewart D. Personick – Khanna Publishers – Delhi.



M.SC., PHYSICS










THIRD SEMESTER

ELECTIVE PAPER 3

ELMP-3- NANO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

UNIT I Introduction to Physics of the Solid State:

Size dependence of properties – crystal structure – face centered cubic nano particles –

tetrahedrally bonded semiconductor structure –lattice vibration.

Energy bonds –insulators, semiconductors and conductors –reciprocal space – energy bonds and gaps

of semiconductor –effective masses –Fermi surfaces –donors ,acceptors and deep traps.

UNIT II: Investigating and Manipulating Materials in the Nano Particles:

Introduction –electron microscopes –scanning probe microscopes –optical microscopes for

nano science and technology –X-ray diffraction –other kinds of microscopes

UNIT III Carbon Nanotubes:

Introduction –synthesis and purification –filling of nanotubes –mechanism of growth –

electronic structure –transport properties –mechanical properties –physical properties –applications.

UNIT IV: Nano Medicines and Sensors:

Introduction –approach to developing to nano medicines –various kinds of nano system in use

–protocols for nano drug administration –nanotechnology in diagnostics application, what is a sensor?

–Order from chaos –nano scale organization for sensors –perception –nano sensors based on quantum

size effects –electrochemical sensors.

UNIT V: Social Implications of Nano science And Nanotechnology:

Introduction –from the first industrial revolution to the nano revolution –implications of nano

science and nanotechnology on society –nanotech and war –nano arms rate-harnessing

nanotechnology for economic and social development.


1. Nano: The essentials T.Pradeep.(Tata Mc Grad-Hill book company).

2. Introduction to nano technology. Charles P.Poole, Jr.Frank, J.Owens.Wiley India PVT Ltd.

Reference books:

1. Nano technology; Basic science and emerging technology-Mick Wilson.

2. Hand book of Thin film technology I Maissel and R.Glang (McGraw Hill Book Company)

3. Nano composite Science and technology Pulikel M.Ajayan, Linda S.Shalder Paul V. Braun,

Wiley – VH Verag weitheim(2003)

4. Nano materials-B.Viswanathan, Narosa publishing house Chennai

5. Scanning Electron microscopy for nano technology Edited by W.Zhou and Z.Lin Wang

6. Nano system characterization tools in the life science edited by Challakumar



M.SC., PHYSICS










FOURTH SEMESTER

CORE PAPER-12

PPH- 12-CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS

UNIT I: Crystal Structure & Diffraction:

Lattice constant and density-reciprocal lattice concept-graphical construction-vector

Development of reciprocal lattice-properties-reciprocal lattice to bcc, fcc lattices- Bragg condition in

terms of reciprocal lattice-rotary crystal method of x-ray diffraction-neutron diffraction-principle-

advantage-experiment

UNIT II: Crystal Defects & Dislocations:

Defects: Classification-point defects-Schottky defect-Frenkel defect-colour centers- F Centre-other

colour centers-production of colour centers by x-rays and irradiation.

Dislocations: Slip and plastic deformation-shear strength of single crystals-edge Dislocation-screw

dislocation-stress field around an edge dislocation

UNIT III: Lattice Vibrations, Semiconductors & Dielectrics:

Vibrations of one dimensional diatomic linear lattice-acoustic and optical branches-Phonon

state-semiconductors-conductivity of semiconductors-model for intrinsic and impurity

semiconductors-hall effect-dielectrics-ferro electric crystals-ferro electric Domains

UNIT IV: Metals & Superconductors:

Heat capacity of electron gas-experimental electrical resistivity of metals-Superconductivity-

electron phonon interaction-cooper pairs-BCS theory-energy gap and its temperature dependence -

London equation-Josephson effect & applications-high Temperature superconductivity.

UNIT V: Magnetism:

Langevin theory of paramagnetism-quantum theory of paramagnetism-curie law-

Ferromagnetism-weiss molecular field theory-domain theory- anti ferromagnetism-Neel theory-

ferrimagnetisms-ferrites-spin waves-experimental techniques to study magnetic properties.

Book for study & Reference

1. Introduction to solid state physics-C.Kittel-Wiley eastern-new Delhi 7-th edition 2000

2. Solid state physics-B.S.Saxena, R.C.Gupta & P.N.Saxena -Pragati Prakashan-Meerut 8-th

edition 2001

3. Solid state physics-A.J.Dekker- Macmillan India 1995

4. Solid state physics-S.L.Kahani & C.Hemaranjani-sultan Chand & sons

5. Solid state physics-H.E.Hall-John Wiley & sons

6. An introduction to solid state physics & its applications-R.J.Elliot & A.P.Gibson-Elbs &

Macmillan

7. Principles of solid state-H.V.Keer-Wiley eastern

8. Physics of solids-C.A.Wert & R.M.Thomson -McGraw hill 1600

9. Fundamentals of solid state physics-J.R.Christmann-john Wiley & sons 1600



M.SC., PHYSICS










FOURTH SEMESTER

CORE PAPER-13

PPH -13- THERMODYNAMICS AND STATISTICAL PHYSICS

UNIT I: Thermodynamics and Radiation:

Second law of thermodynamics-Entropy and second law of thermodynamics Entropy and

disorder-Thermodynamic Potential and Reciprocatory Relation-Thermodynamics Equilibria-Chemical

Potential-Black body Radiation-Planck's radiation Law.

UNIT II: Basic Concepts:

Phase Space-Volume in Phase Space-Number of Phase Cells in Given Energy Range of

Harmonic Oscillator-Number of Phase Cell in the Given Energy range of 3-Dimensional Free

Particle-Concept of Ensemble-Micro Canonical Ensemble-Grand Canonical Ensemble-Density

Distribution in Phase Space-Liouvilles Theorem Postulate of Equal A Priory Probability-Statistical

Equilibrium-Thermal Equilibrium-Mechanical Equilibrium-Particle Equilibrium-Connection Between

Statistical and Thermodynamic Quantities.

UNIT III: Classical Distribution Law:

Microstates and Macro States-Classical Maxwell- Boltzmann Distribution Law-Evaluation of

Constants, α and β -Maxwell’s Law of Distribution of Velocities-Principle of Equipartition Energy-

Gibbs paradox-Partition Function and its Correlation With Thermodynamics Quantities-Partition

Functions and its Properties-Comparison of Ensembles-Equipartition Theorem-Applications.

UNIT lV: Quantum Statistics:

Indistinguishability and Quantum Statics-Statistical Weight and Priory Probability-Identical

Particle's and Symmetry Requirements-Bose Einstein’s statistics- Fermi Dirac Statistics-Results of

Three Statistics -Thermodynamic Interpretation of Parameter's α and β-blackbody Radiation and

Planck Radiation-Specific Heat of Solid ; Dulong and Pettit's Law-Einstein’s Theory-Debye Theory.

UNIT V: Application of Quantum Statistics:

Energy and Pressure of ideal Bose Einstein Gas-Bose Einstein Condensation-Liquid helium-

Energy and Pressure of ideal Fermi Dirac Gas-Free electron Model and Electronic Emission-White

Dwarfs-Onsager Relations-Fluctuation; Energy, Pressure, Enthalpy-Bragg William Approximation-

One Dimensional Ising Model.


1. Statistical mechanics, Gupta & Kumar,20th Edition ,Pragati Prakashan Meerut, Begam Bridge

Meerut, 2003.

2. Fundamentals of statistical mechanics, Keiser Huang, Revised Edition.



M.SC., PHYSICS










FOURTH SEMESTER

CORE PAPER-14

PPH -14- CRYSTAL PHYSICS

UNIT I: Nature and Symmetries of Crystals:

Crystalline state-chemical bonding-nature of bonding-covalent, ionic, metallic, hydrogen and

Vander Waals bonds-symmetry, Space lattices and unit cell-crystal system-centered lattices-non-

primitive lattices-Bravais lattices-close-packing. Crystallization methods of growing crystals-choosing

crystals-absorption.

UNIT II: Morphology and Angular Relations:

Crystal faces and internal arrangement-Miller indices of crystal face laws of rational indices-

Miller indices-Application of Miller indices to crystal geometry-Miller Bravais indices.

Point Groups and Space Groups

Point groups-crystal class. Plane lattices-Plane groups-compound symmetries-screw axes-

Glide Planes-internal symmetry elements-space groups and symbols-simple illustration for triclinic-

monoclinic and orthorhombic system.

UNIT III: X-Ray and Reciprocal Lattice:

X-ray sources-construction and geometry-mono and polychromatic X-rays-synchrotron

radiation sources-Laue and Bragg's X-ray-diffraction.

Reciprocal lattice: Geometrical construction-mathematical relations-Reciprocal lattice for bcc and fcc

lattice- Application of the reciprocal lattice: X-ray diffraction Construction of Brillion Zone and

Wigner Seitz cell.

UNIT IV: Powder and Single Crystal X-Ray Diffraction:

Powder diffraction: Powder method-significance and diffraction geometry measurement of

Bragg angles and inter planar spacing-accurate parameter determination-indexing of powder

photographs-analytical and graphical methods-interpretation-application. Single crystal x-ray

diffraction: single crystal oscillation and rotation methods.

Experimental arrangement-goniometer-diffraction geometry-reciprocal lattice coordinates:

Bernal chart-technique for crystal orientation-interpretation of oscillation (rotation) photographs

determination of unit cell-use of oscillation method-moving film methods. Electron and neutron

diffraction-electron diffraction methods for the observation of imperfections.

UNIT V: Beyond Ideal Crystal:

Ordering types-crystal twins-Modulated crystal structures-quasicrystal mathematical basis-

periodic tilting-embedding quasi crystal-liquid crystals-Para crystals.

Physical Properties of crystals

Crystal anisotropy and tensors-electrical properties of crystals-elastic properties-

piezoelectricity-modeling of structural and elastic behavior defects.


1. O.N.Srivastava, A.R.Verma, Crystallography Applied to Solid State Physics,2nd edition, New

age International Publications(Chapters: 1,2,3,5,6,10)

2. Stout and jensen,X-ray structure determination (2nd edition), John Wiley Publications.

(Chapters: 1 and 4)

3. C.Giacovazzo, Fundamentals of crystallography, Oxford University Press

Publications.(Chapters: 4 and 10)

4. Azarrof, Powder Diffraction,

5. Klug and Alexander, Powder Diffraction



M.SC., PHYSICS










PPPH – 3

PRACTICAL – 3

ADVANCED MATLAB PROGRAMMING

(Examination at the end of fourth semester)


1. Temperature conversion from Celsius to Fahrenheit.

2. Temperature conversion from Fahrenheit to Celsius.

3. Projectile trajectory for different angles.

4. Mosley’s law.

5. Band gap energy of thin film.

6. Moment of inertia of various bodies.

7. Lissayous figures.

8. Maxwell’s mesh method

9. 8421 number system.

10. SCR power delivered

11. Black body radiation (Raleigh jeans & Planck’s law)

12. Radioactive decay

13. Particle in a box

14. Harmonic oscillation

15. Runge -kutta method

16. Newton Raphson method

17. Numerical integration

18. Mean median and standard deviation

19. Factorial calculation

20. Equation of straight line

PPPH – 4

PRACTICAL 4

SPECIAL ELECTRONICS

(Examination at the end of fourth semester)

Any Twelve Experiments

1. UJT Relaxation Oscillator.

2. FET Amplifier.

3. Astable Multivibrator using IC 741.

4. Schmitt Trigger using IC 741.

5. Op amp – Phase Shift Oscillator.

6. Op amp – Wien Bridge Oscillator.

7. Op amp – Solving Simultaneous Equation.

8. NAND and NOR as a Universal Gate.

9. Shift register (7479).

10. Decade Counter.

11. Microprocessor : 8 – bit Addition and 8 – bit Subtraction.

12. Microprocessor : 16 – bit Addition and 16 – bit Subtraction.

13. Microprocessor : 8 – bit Multiplication and 8 – bit Division.

14. Microprocessor : Biggest and Smallest number of an array.

15. Microprocessor : Arranging Ascending and Descending order.

16. Microprocessor : ADC interface – Wave Form Generation.

17. Microprocessor : LED Interfacing.

18. Microprocessor : Stepper motor interfacing.

19. Microprocessor : HEX – Keyboard Interfacing.

20. Microprocessor : Musical Tone Generator Interface.

21. Microprocessor : Traffic Control Simulation.

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