eROSITA:The German Quest for

Galaxy ClustersChristian Schmid & Ingo Kreykenbohm

Dr. Remeis-Sternwarte Bamberg / ECAP

Tautenburg, May 03, 2013

on behalf of the eROSITA team

© T. Legault

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PI: Peter Predehl

Co-Is: Hans Böhringer, Ulrich Briel, Hermann Brunner, Evgeniy Churazov, Michael Freyberg, Peter Friedrich, Günther Hasinger, Eckhard Kendziorra, Dieter Lutz, Joseph Mohr, Norbert Meidinger, Kirpal

Nandra, Mikhail Pavlinsky, Thomas Reiprich, Andrea Santangelo, Jürgen Schmitt, Axel Schwope, Matthias

Steinmetz, Lothar Strüder, Rashid Sunyaev, Jörn Wilms

Project Scientist: A. Merloni

Project team with members from the following institutes

Institutes:Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Garching/D, Space Research Institute Moscow

(IKI)/RuUniv. Tübingen/D, Univ. Hamburg/D, Univ. Erlangen-Nürnberg/D, Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik

Potsdam/D, Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik, Garching/D, Universitäts-Sternwarte München (LMU)/D,

Argelander-Institut für Astronomie, Bonn/D, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR)/D

Industry:Media Lario (Mirrors), Kayser Threde (Mirror Structure), Carl Zeiss (Mandrels), Invent (Telescope

Structure), pnSensor (CCDs), EHP (Heatpipes), RUAG (Mechanisms), + many more

Team

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Goal

Detection of 100.000 Galaxy Clusters test cosmological models!➡

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Galaxy Clusters

• 200-300 from Einstein (1978-1981)

• ~1000 published from ROSAT (1990-1999)

• ~1000 more in the ROSAT archive

• 200-300 from the XMM-Newton archive

• in total less than 3000 clusters

• 10-15 with redshift z > 1 © NASA

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Goal

Detection of 100.000 Galaxy Clusters test cosmological models!➡

• All-Sky Survey (4 yr)• Deep Survey (200 sqd, ½

yr)• Deep Hole (Pointing, 1 yr)• additional Pointings

eROSITAHow?•Large effective area:

many mirror shells x several modules

•Large Field of View: = 1 degree, CCD:∅ 2.88×2.88cm2

• Good spatial resolution:15 arcsec on-axis

extended ROentgen Survey with an Imaging Telescope

Array

extended ROentgen Survey with an Imaging Telescope

Array

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~ 30 × ROSAT~ 2 × XMM-Newton

(MOS+PN)

Sensitivity

➡ deep survey of the whole Sky!

Expectation:

100.000 clusters (DE)~100 clusters @ z>1.5

3 Million AGN[450,120, 36, 10] @ z > [6, 7, 8, 9]

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Sources•1970s: 4th Uhuru catalogue: 339 sources

•1978-1981: Einstein: 835 sources

•1990-1999: ROSAT: 125000 bright

sources

•1999ff: Chandra: 94767 (CSC)

•1999ff: XMM-Newton: 191870 sources

(2XMM)

•2013ff: eROSITA: 3 000 000 sources

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Lots of Science•AGN evolution•Time resolved accretion

physics (variabilities hours - years)

•Stellar variability on different time scales

• Interstellar Medium (spectroscopy, dust scattering etc.)

•GRB afterglows (~50)•CVs, XBs, Isolated Neutron

Stars, SNRs etc.

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History

Spectrum-XGJet-X, SODART, etc.

ROSAT1990-1998

First X-ray all-sky surveywith an imaging telescope

ABRIXAS

1999

To extend the all-sky surveytowards higher energies

ROSITA2002

ABRIXAS science on the International Space Station

Dark Energy105 Clusters of Galaxies

Negotiations between Roskosmos and ESAon a "new" Spectrum-XG mission (2005)

Agreement between Roskosmos and DLR (2007)

eROSITAeROSITA

Spektr-RGLaunch: 2014

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• Спектр рентген-гамма (SRG)

• Launch:Nov. 2011 from Baikonur

• Launcher: Soyuz-Fregat

• Platform: Navigator (Lavochkin)

• Orbit: Low Earth Orbit (600 km, 30° inclination)

• Payload: ART-XC (IKI)eROSITA (MPE+…)LOBSTER (LU+…) SRC (SRON, ISAS,

GSFC, +MPE)

• Mission: 4 yrs survey + 1 yr pointing + …

SRG-Mission

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• Спектр рентген-гамма (SRG)

• Launch:2014 from Baikonur

• Launcher: Soyuz-Fregat

• Platform: Navigator (Lavochkin)

• Orbit: Langrange Point L2

• Payload: ART-XC (IKI)eROSITA (MPE+…)

• Mission: 4 yrs scanning survey + 3.5 yrs pointing + …

SRG-Mission

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SRG-Mission

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Telescope• 7 mirror modules + baffles

• CFRP Honeycomb Structure

• lightweight• thermally stable

• Hexapod Mounting• no thermal connection • flexible: ➡ balances mechanical stress

• Radiators• Sunshield• Startrackers

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Telescope

• 7 Cameras– CCD-Module in Casing (-80°C)– Cu-Proton-Shield (20°C)

• 7 Mirror Modules

• Spider Wheel

• Mirrors

• 7 Cameras– CCD-Module in Casing (-80°C)– Cu-Proton-Shield (20°C)

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Mirror System

• 7 Mirror Modules, 54 shells each, 360mm Ø, f=1.600mm

• inner 27 shells to be replicated from old ABRIXAS mandrels

• magnetic electron deflector, X-ray baffle

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Mirror Module

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Camera

Framestore CCD: 384x384 pixelsPixelsize: 75µm.

Cycle time: 50msecEnergy resolution: 138eV @ 6keV

Measurements at C K (277eV) and Mn K (5,9 keV)

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Temperature

(1)

(2)(3)(4)

(5)

Trick: use melting enthalpy!

Freezing at -81°C (~100kJ/kg)

➡ Temperature remains constant by itself!

Problem: CCDs need cooling

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SRG-mission

scan: 4h

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Exposure

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Data Rights

IKI (Russia) MPE (Germany)

ECAP Contribution

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• Near Real Time Analysis (NRTA) Software(preprocessing of telemetry data, monitoring of housekeeping parameters, quick-look on scientific data)

• Simulations(analyse technical and scientific performance, produce test data for software development)

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Slew Survey

Effect of the Slew Survey

Survey PSF

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Simulations

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Cygnus Loop

M. Sasaki

Signature of the "Detailed Agreement"

(Reichle, Wörner, Perminov)

Mr. Putin asksabout Dark Energy...

Programmatic Status

2014 in Байконур

Thank you for your Attention!