es 4498g lecture 6 - 2010

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ES 4498G

Engineering Ethics,

Sustainable Development andthe Law

February 22, 2010

TheThe UniversityUniversity of of Western OntarioWestern Ontario

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Term Test


• Average – 29/40 (73%) – Meda!" 29, Ma#" 3$, M!" 14

• &mm&! ssues"• '&& at mars assg!ed t& ea* +uest&!

• uest&!s" Fee- .ree t& &!tat me

• &st&! aer ba !e#t ee

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ase tudy Assg!me!t


• rte a! &rg!a- ase study re-ated t& ssues &.e!g!eer!g et*s &r -a

• 5$ d&ub-e saed ages• 6esrbe a se!ar& a!d dsuss t*e at&!s &. t*e

e!g!eers !v&-ved

• r&tet &!.de!ta-ty

• 6suss&! t* r&.ess&!a- !g!eers best res&ure• 6ue Mar* 22, 4"00m 5 20 mars

• 'ate – mars/day

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'ast -ass


• t*a- ssues .&r e!g!eers ! rvate rate a!d&!su-t!g

• 8!tr&dut&! t& t*e ssues – e+ureme!ts .&r e!g!eers &..er!g serves dret-y t& t*eub-

– -e!t5&!su-ta!t re-at&!s*

– Adverts!g

– :se &. !g!eer;s sea- –

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T&day;s -ass


• 8!tr&dut&! t& 'a .&r e!g!eers

• 8!tr&dut&! t& t*e a!ada! -ega- system

• t*er t&rts

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T*e a!ada! 'ega- ystem


• ?st&ra- bass

• &mm&! -a

• &urts &. e+uty

• !g-s* &mm&!5-a system

• T*e&ry &. reede!t

• &mm&! -a (@udge5made -a) a!d'egs-at&! (made by e-eted &..a-s)

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T*e a!ada! &!sttut&!


•

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• Aut*&rty &. t*e Federa- C&ver!me!t – et&! 91 &. t*e&!sttut&! At, 1$B7"• Deae, >rder a!d g&&d C&ver!me!tE

• e. e#am-es (!&t -mt!g)• egu-at&! &. trade a!d &mmere• as!g &. m&!ey by ta#at&!• avgat&! a!d s*!g•

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• #-usve &ers &. r&v!a- 'egs-atures – et&! 92 &. t*e&!sttut&! At, 1$B7"• 6ret ta#at&! t*! t*e r&v!e

• Ma!ageme!t a!d sa-e &. ub- -a!ds be-&!g!g t& t*e r&v!e a!d &.t*e tmber a!d &&d t*ere&!• '&a- &rs a!d u!derta!gs, &t*er t*a!"

• team s* -!es, ra-ays, a!a-s &!!et!g t*e r&v!e t* &t*err&v!es &r &u!tres

• &rs de-ared by t*e ar-ame!t &. a!ada t& be .&r t*e ge!era- adva!tage&. a!ada

• 8!&r&rat&! &. &ma!es t* r&v!a- &b@etves• r&erty a!d v- rg*ts t*! t*e r&v!e• Adm!strat&! &. @uste ! t*e r&v!e, !-ud!g t*e &!sttut&!,

ma!te!a!e a!d &rga!=at&! &. r&v!a- &urts, b&t* v- a!drm!a-

• Ce!era--y a-- matters &. a mere-y -&a- &r rvate !ature

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a!ada! *arter &. g*ts a!d Freed&ms


• art &. t*e &!sttut&! At, 19$2• et&! 2

• very&!e *as t*e .&--&!g .u!dame!ta- .reed&ms"a) .reed&m &. &!se!e a!d re-g&!b) .reed&m &. t*&ug*t, be-e., &!&! a!d e#ress&!, !-ud!g .reed&m &. t*e ress a!d

&t*er meda &. &mmu!at&!) .reed&m &. eae.u- assemb-yd) .reed&m &. ass&at&!G

• et&! 2• T*e &!sttut&! &. a!ada s t*e sureme -a &. a!ada, a!d a!y -a t*at s

!&!sste!t t* t*e r&vs&!s &. t*e &!sttut&! s, t& t*e e#te!t &. t*e

!&!sste!y, &. !& .&re &r e..etG• Cves &er t& t*e &urts t& !va-date statutes

• et&! 33• r&vs&!s t& a--& g&ver!me!t t& &verrde r&vs&!s – D&tt*sta!d!g

-auseE – ar-ame!tary uremay

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a!ada! &urt ystems


• Federa- &urts – ureme &urt &. a!ada

• ?g*est Aea-s &urt

– Federa- &urt &. a!ada• ate!ts, Trade5Mars, &yrg*t

• r&v!a- &urts – Ce!era- 6vs&!

• 'arge rvate -ams, sma-- -ams• Federa- rm!a- &..e!es

– r&v!a- 6vs&!• 6&mest matters (e#-ud!g dv&re)• r&v!a- rm!a- &..e!es

– >!tar& &urt &. Aea-

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Term!&-&gy


• 'tgat&! – a -asut• -a!t.. – arty br!g!g t*e at&! &r ma!g t*e -am, usua--y

t*e r&! ! rm!a- matters

• 6e.e!da!t – t*e arty de.e!d!g t*e at&! &r aga!st *&m a-am *as bee! made, a--ed t*e aused ! rm!a- matters• Ae--a!t – arty aea-!g t*e des&! &. a -&er &urt• es&!de!t – arty see!g t& u*&-d t*e des&! &. a -&er

&urt t*at s be!g aea-ed• rvty &. &!trat – desrt&! &. t*e -ega- re-at&!s* betee!

artes t& a &!trat• redt&r – a arty t& *&m a! am&u!t s &!g• 6ebt&r – a arty t*at &es a! am&u!t t& a redt&r • 8!dem!.at&! – r&mse t& dret-y &me!sate &r remburse

a!&t*er arty .&r a -&ss &r &st !urredG A-s& re.erred t& as a!!dem!ty, t s sm-ar t& a guara!teeG

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rga!=at&!s


•

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art!ers*s


• art!ers* s dss&-ved by t*e deat*, ba!ruty &r!s&-ve!y &. &!e &. t*e art!ersG

• art!ers* agreeme!t m&rta!t• 6esrt&! &. t*e ma!ageme!t res&!sb-tes &. ea*

art!er • T*e bass .&r a-u-at!g ea* art!er;s s*are &. r&.ts a!d

-&sses• r&vs&!s .&r dss&-ut&! &. t*e art!ers*

•

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&r&rate 8de!tty


• &r&rat&! s searate a!d t*us -ab-tes arets &! a!d !&t t*&se &. t*e s*are*&-ders

• Salomon v. Salomon & Co. Ltd. [1897] A.C. 22

• :!der erta! rumsta!es, t*e searatede!ttes may !&t be re&g!=ed

• Fern Brand Waxes Ltd. V. Pearl [1972]• ed!o Ltd. V. Clar" et al. [1973]

• 8! rate, ers&!a- guara!tees *ave t*ee..et &. redu!g -mtat&!s t& -ab-ty

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8!&r&rat&!


• &r&rat&!s a! be reated by -egs-at&! (r&!&r&rat&!s)

• M&re &mm&!-y .&rmed u!der t*e a!ada

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Ma!ageme!t &. &r&rat&!s


• *are*&-ders• >!ers, e-et b&ard &. dret&rs

• F&r -&se-y5*e-d &r&rat&!s, s*&u-d *ave s*are*&-deragreeme!t

• ..ers• r&vde day5t&5day bus!ess ma!ageme!t

• 6utes set &ut ! by-as &. t*e &&rat&!

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T&rt 'a


• 6e.!t&! &. t&rt• A rvate &r v- r&!g &r !@ury D&t*er t*a! brea* &.

&!trat .&r ** a &urt &. -a -- a..&rd a remedy ! t*e.&rm &. a! at&! .&r damagesE (--am r&sser)

• #am-es"• ar ade!ts

• sa-e &. u!sa.e r&duts

• !eg-ge!t er.&rma!e &. r&.ess&!a- serves

• Fu!dame!ta- ur&se &. t&rt -a s t& compensatevictims of torts, !&t t& u!s* !eg-ge!t r&!gd&ersG

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r!-es &. T&rt 'a


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eas&!ab-e!ess


• Hey aset ! determ!!g t&rt -ab-ty• A-y test &. reas&!ab-e!ess t& ea* aset &. t&rt

-ab-ty"a) T*e de.e!da!t &ed t*e -a!t.. a duty &. are

5 &!dut e#eted &. a reas&!ab-e ers&! u!der t*erumsta!es

b) T*e de.e!da!t brea*ed t*at duty by *s &r *er &!dut5 T*e de.e!da!t &ug*t reas&!ab-y t& *ave .&resee! t*at .a-ure t&

e#erse a reas&!ab-e degree &. are &u-d resu-t ! !@ury &rdamage t& t*e -a!t..

) T*e de.e!da!t;s &!dut aused t*e !@ury t& t*e -a!t.. 5 as t*e .au-t &. t*e de.e!da!t t*e reas&!ab-e ause &. t*e

damage, &r as t*e damage -amed t&& rem&te &r !&treas&!ab-y .&reseeab-eI

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T*e !g!eer;s ta!dard &. are


• stab-s*me!t &. reas&!ab-e duty &. arebased &! reas&!ab-e are a!d s-- &.

e!g!eers &. &rd!ary &mete!e• !g!eers !eed !&t be er.et, but must

&mete!t-y meet t*e r&.ess&!a-sta!dards &. t*e e!g!eer!g r&.ess&! at

t*e tme t*e serve s er.&rmed• Mstae !&t !eessar-y !eg-ge!e (but

usua--y s)

• Tya--y determ!ed by e#ert testm&!y

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6eve-&me!t &. T&rt 'a


• v&-ut&! &. &mm&! -a &! t*e bass &.reede!e

• umer&us m&rta!t ases"• #ono$%e v. Stevenson

• 'edle( B(rne

• Wolver)ne *+e, *r)dent Constr!t)on

• Bro-n & 'ston v. C)t( o /or"

• 0n)t Farm v. !"erlea Canama v. 'man

• S#C3 v. 4ell(

• d$e-ort% v. .#. Lea

• W)nn)5e$ Condom)n)m v. B)rd Constr!t)on

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6&!&g*ue vG teve!s&!


• J1932K AGG B2• -a!t.. beame -- a.ter &!sum!g a b&tt-e &.

g!ger beer, ur*ased by a .re!d, **

&!ta!ed a de&m&sed s!a-G• & rvty &. &!trat e#sted• '&rd At!" DT*e ru-e t*at y&u are t& -&ve y&ur

!eg*b&ur be&mes, ! -a, y&u must !&t !@urey&ur !eg*b&urG L&u must tae reas&!ab-e aret& av&d ats &r &mss&!s ** y&u a!reas&!ab-y .&resee &u-d be -e-y t& !@ure y&ur!eg*b&urG ?e de.!ed a !eg*b&ur asers&!s s& -&se-y a!d dret-y a..eted by myat t*at 8 &ug*t reas&!ab-y t& *ave t*em !&!tem-at&! as be!g s& a..eted *e! 8 amdret!g my m!d t& t*e ats &r &mss&!s** are a--ed ! +uest&!G

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?ed-ey

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&-ver!e Tube


• &ra!da s&-d r&erty t& &-ver!e a.ter *av!g a&!su-t!g .rm (AG 6G 'tt-e) er.&rm a r&ertyassessme!t ** t*ey assed &! t& &-ver!e

• T*e re&rt !-uded a deta-ed ds-amer t*at!-uded !& res&!sb-ty .&r t*rd arty use, !-ud!gdamages made based &! t*e re&rt

• T*e r&erty (a!d t*e adve) as bad a!d &-ver!e

suedG AG6G 'tt-e av&ded -ab-ty by t*e ds-amer • Oudge u*e-d duty &. are as .&u!d ! 'edle( B(rne,

as e-- as rg*t &. ssuer &. t*e stateme!t t& ds-ama!y assumt&! &. duty &. are

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Trde!t &!strut&!


• A-at&! &. 'edle( B(rne t& e!g!eer!g &r

• A! e!g!eer desg!ed a seage ds&sa- -a!t

• A &!trat&r (!& &!trat e#sted betee! t*e e!g!eer a!d

&!trat&r) as t& bu-d t*e -a!t based &! t*e e!g!eer;sdesg!G T*e &!trat&r .&u!d t*e desg! u!sutab-e as a resu-tt*e &!trat&r br&ug*t a -asut aga!st t*e e!g!eer .&r *s-&ssesG

• T*e e!g!eer as .&u!d -ab-e .&r t*e desg! beause *e &ed

a duty &. are t& t*e &!trat&r t*at &u-d eve!tua--y bu-d t*e-a!tG

• D8 *ave !& d..u-ty ! .#!g t*e r&.ess&!a- e!g!eer t* aduty &. are t&ards t*e ers&! *& s t& .&--& t*e e!g!eer;sdesg!, t& e!sure t*at t*e -a!s are &rab-e, .&r brea* &.** duty t*e e!g!eer may be made a&u!tab-eGE

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:!t Farm vG er-eaa!ama vG ?u..ma!


• 0n)t Farm Con!rete Prod!ts, Ltd. v. !"erlea A!res Ltd. et al. [1983] 5 C.L.R. 149

•Canama Contra!t)n$ Ltd. v. 'man et al. [1983] 5 C.L.R. 149• A &!trat&r as *red t& &!strut a bar! &ver a ma!ure tG

• 8! t*e ast t*e &!trat&r *ad used adve gve! by a!e!g!eer &r!g .&r t*e g&ver!me!t t& assst .armers t*-a!sG

• T*e &!trat&r dsussed t*e -a!s .&r t*e bar! &! t*e *&!e,

a!d dr&ed t*e set &! t*e e!g!eers desG T*e t& dd !&tmeet, but *e suer.a--y reveed t*e set a!d r&te a !&te" “Good set of plans. l!"e t#e deta!l. $!s# %o&ld spend t#at a'o&nt of

t!'e on ea%# p(o)e%t. *eep &p t#e +ood ,o(".-

• T*e &!trat&r assumed t*at t*e -a!s ere ade+uate a!dbu-t t*e bar!

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:!t Farm vG er-eaa!ama vG ?u..ma!


•

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6> vG He--y


• S#C3 and 'os5)tal Landr( Serv)!es o 6e$)na v.

W)ll)am 4ell( 'old)n$s Ltd. et al. [1988] 4 $.$.R. 221

• 8--ustratve ase !v&-v!g me*a!a- e!g!eers• ub&!trat&r me*a!a- e!g!eers desg!ed

?QA system !ade+uate .&r bu-d!g use (-au!dryserves)

• ure-y e&!&m damages re&verab-e, s!ee!g!eers &ug*t reas&!ab-y t& *ave !&! t*at a.au-ty desg! &u-d mar &rer r&dutvty a!dresu-t ! .!a!a- -&ss

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dge&rt* vG G6G 'ea


• d$e-ort% Constr!t)on Ltd. v. . #. Lea & Asso!)ates, Ltd. [1994]

107 .L.R. /4t# 173

• 8m&rta!t ureme &urt des&! t*at &vertur!ed a! ear-er

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!!eg &!d& vG

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!!eg &!d& vG

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Qar&us 'ab-ty


• m-&yer a! be *e-d var&us-y -ab-e .&r t&rts &mmtted byem-&yees ! t*e &urse &. t*er em-&yme!t

• &!sste!t t* ur&se &. t&rt -a – t& &me!sate t*e !@uredarty – s!e em-&yer s tya--y ! a better &st&! t& ay

• #tton v. Bo$nor 6e$)s 0n)ted B)ld)n$ Co. Ltd. [1972] 1 All .R.462• ?&use bu-t t*&ut su..e!t .&u!dat&!s•

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&!urre!t T&rt.eas&rs


• M&re t*a! &!e t&rt a! &!trbute t& t*esame damage

• Cor5orat)on o #)str)!t o Srre( v. Carrol'at!%et al. [1979] 6 $.$.R. 289

• Ar*tet reta!ed e!g!eer

• !g!eer re&mme!ded .urt*er test!g, ar*tetre.used

•

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trt 'ab-ty


• 8! s&me ases, &!et &. .au-t s !ade+uate .&r t*eur&se &. &me!sat!g !@ured artes

• GgG &rer;s &me!sat&! -egs-at&!• 8! :GG r&dut -ab-ty ases, a ma!u.aturer may

be strt-y -ab-e .&r damage resu-t!g .r&m t*e use &.a r&dut, eve! t*&ug* t*e ma!u.aturer as !&t

!eg-ge!t ! r&du!g t*e r&dutG a!ada! -a*as !&t ad&ted t*s Dstrt -ab-tyE &!et, but maybe m&v!g ! t*at dret&!G

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r&duts 'ab-ty


• r!-es &. !eg-ge!e are a-ed ! a!ada,u!-e t*e strt -ab-ty &!et used ! t*e :!tedtates

• -a!t.. must estab-s* t*at damage resu-ted .r&mt*e ar&rate use &. a r&dut

• 6e.e!da!t must ersuade t*e &urt t*at t*ema!u.aturer &u-d !&t reas&!ab-y *ave .&resee!t*e de.etve !ature &. t*e r&dut, &t*erse

-ab-ty -- arse• M&st @ursdt&!s *ave e!ated a-e &. C&&ds

-egs-at&! ** &ver-a t* t&rt -as• #ono$%e v. Stevenson st-- bas ase

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ta!dard &. are a!d 6uty t& ar!


• &me r&duts are !*ere!t-y da!ger&us (!ves, gu!s, etG)• Ma!u.aturer must ar! &!sumer &. da!ger&us &te!ta- by

ar&rate -abe-!g

• :eor$e 'o Lem v. Barotto S5orts Ltd. And PonsnessWarren, ;n!.[1976] 1 C.C.L.. 180• 'em b&ug*t a ma*!e .&r re-&ad!g used s*&tgu! s*e--sG T*e

ma*!e *ad -ear !strut&!s &! *& t& -&ad t*e s*e--sG ?e a-s&reeved ers&!a- !strut&!s &! t*e ma*!e

• *e! us!g t*e ma*!e 'em dd !&t .&--& !strut&!s, a!d as aresu-t r&dued s&me da!ger&us s*e--s

• >!e &. t*e s*e--s aused 'emSs gu! t& burst, aus!g ers&!a-!@ury, a!d as a resu-t *e br&ug*t a -asut aga!st t*ema!u.aturer a!d dstrbut&rG

• T*e &urt .&u!d t*at a *g* sta!dard &. are t& reve!t msuseas rese!t, a!d as met by t*e de.e!da!tsG F&u!d 'em .u--yres&!sb-e .&r *s &! !@uresG

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ta!dard &. are a!d 6uty t& ar!


• Lam+ert v. Lasto5lex C%em)!als Co. Ltd. et al. [1972] .C.R. 569• 'ambert, a me*a!a- &!su-t!g e!g!eer, ur*ased t& a!s

&. sea-a!t .&r *s baseme!t .-&&rG• ?e read t*e -abe-s be.&re start!gG T*ese 3 -abe-s !dated

reeated-y t*at, am&!g &t*er t*!gs, t*e r&dut s*&u-d be etaay .r&m .-ames, .re, *eat &r garettesG Qe!t-at&! as a-s&-sted as esse!ta-G

• 'ambert as us!g t*e sea-a!t ! *s baseme!t *e! a -&t -g*t! a! ad@&!!g r&&m started a! e#-&s&! a!d a .re ! a! &e! a!&. sea-a!tG

• 8! t*e resu-t!g -asut a!&t*er a! &. sea-er made by a &mett&r*ad a ar!!g -abe- t*at a-s& me!t&!ed -&t -g*ts a!d m&reG• T*e &urt ru-ed t*at t*e *ema- &ma!y dd !&t r&vde

su..e!t ar!!g a!d t*at t*ey ere -ab-eG 8t as a-s& !&ted t*ateve! t*&ug* t*e e!g!eer &ug*t t& *ave !&! &. t*e da!ger, t*e*ema- &ma!y &u-d !&t re-y &! *s sea- !&-edgeG

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T*e M6&!a-d;s ?&t &..ee ase


• &ma! s--s *&t &..ee ! *er -a at aM6&!a-d;s drve t*r&ug*, resu-t!g !

severe t*rd5degree bur!s• Aarded R200,000 ! &me!sat&ry

damages (atua--y R1B0,000) a!d R2G7m--&! ! u!tve damages by @ury

• du-&usI

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T*e M6&!a-d;s ?&t &..ee ase


• 'esser5!&! .ats"• -a!t.. as asse!ger ! ar a!d ar as st&ed as s*e

added ream t& *er &..ee

• M6&!a-ds &..ee served at 1$05190 &F, sg!.a!t-y *g*ert*a! m&st restaura!ts (135140 &F)

• '+ud t*at *&t a! ause t*rd5degree bur!s ! se&!dsa!d M6&!a-ds *ad &ver 700 rev&us &m-a!ts

• ar!!g &! u m&re &. a rem!der • !d resu-t as a! u!ds-&sed sett-eme!t

• ase --ustrates duty t& ar!

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&!&m '&ss


• T*e ?ed-ey

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&!&m '&ss


•

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>t*er T&rts


• 6e.amat&!• 6amage &. reutat&! by u!true stateme!ts

• 'be- . rtte!, s-a!der . verba-• 8. damag!g stateme!ts are true, !& -ab-ty,

a-t*&ug* may be r&.ess&!a- ms&!dut

• >uers; -ab-ty

• >uer &. r&erty *as sta!dard &. are t&e!sure sa.ety &. !dvdua-s &m!g &!t& r&erty

• 8! >!tar&, t*e >uers; 'ab-ty At suersedest*e &mm&! -a

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>t*er T&rts


• usa!e• 6esg!ed t& a--evate u!due !ter.ere!e t* t*e

&m.&rtab-e a!d &!ve!e!t e!@&yme!t &. t*e -a!t..;s -a!d

• Cr&!g ! a-at&! ! e!vr&!me!ta- areas• e-man et al. v. Cona)r Av)at)on Ltd. et al . [1972] .L.R. /3d

475

• 8!setde dr.ted &!t& !eg*b&ur;s -a!d

• &m!a- damages aarded

• =a!"son et al. v. #rr( Constr!t)on Co. Ltd . [1974] 4 .R. /2d735

•

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eve &. T&day;s -ass


• 8!tr&dut&! t& t*e a!ada! -ega- system

• t*er t&rts

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e#t -ass

TheThe UniversityUniversity of of WesternWestern

OntarioOntario

Topics

– T&rt -a ase studes

– 8!tr&dut&! t& &!trat -a

Readings

– Marst&!, *aters , B, Ae!d# G 3205332

– reve &. &!trat *aters

es 4498g lecture 6 - 2010

Documents