esol program · you can find more information about learning vocabulary and links to online quizlet...

ESOL Program Monroe Community College

P. Fornieri and K. Leite

MCC ESOL Program 2018

1

Core Vocabulary | A Note to Students

One of the goals of the MCC ESOL Program is to help you increase your English vocabulary. There are many different ways to increase vocabulary, and successful students know that they have to use a combination of strategies for learning and practicing vocabulary to reach advanced levels of English proficiency. The ESOL Program Core Vocabulary Booklet is a resource to use in all of your ESOL courses. It includes the 2,800 general service words as well as the 963 academic words (in italics). Learning these words is the quickest, most efficient way to improve your English fluency – see below for an explanation. You can find more information about learning vocabulary and links to online Quizlet practice on the ESOL Program website.

Graphic Adapted from Browne, Culligan & Phillips, 2013, Browne & Culligan, 2015

The Research

Thanks to advanced research in the field of second language acquisition and brain-based learning coupled with sophisticated computer software that can analyze massive amounts of language, we now know which words English learners should study. While most native-speakers know thousands of word families, research has shown that approximately 2,800 words make up about 90% of the words we use every day. These most important, common, high-frequency words in English are called the New General Service List (NGSL). You should study these words first. You probably know a lot of them already.

In addition to the 2,800 core words, special purpose vocabulary is also important. Interestingly, when researchers analyzed special vocabulary being used across college campuses in different disciplines (science, business, human services, etc.), a lot of the words were the same. In fact, so many words were the same that they came up with an academic vocabulary list that college students need to know to be successful in any discipline. It includes words like assignment, circulate, and facilitate. There are 963 vocabulary words in the New Academic Word List. These words will help you in whatever program you hope to study at MCC.

Source: http://www.newgeneralservicelist.org/

Vocabulary & Comprehension Word Families in

English Language

99% 99%

Native Speaker 87-94% 87-94%

Vocabulary Size

Special Purpose Vocabulary Core Vocabulary

1,200 TOEIC Words

1,700 Business Words

963 Academic

Words

2,800 Core General English Words

(NGSL)

700 Core

Spoken

http://www.newgeneralservicelist.org/


2

a

abandon

abdominal

ability

able

abortion

about

above

abroad

absence

absolute

absolutely

absorb

absorption

abstract

abuse

academic

accelerate

acceleration

accent

accept

acceptable

access

accident

accommodation

accompany

accomplish

accord

account

accumulate

accumulation

accuracy

accurate

accurately

accuse

achieve

achievement

acid

acidic

acknowledge

acquire

acquisition

across

act

action

activate

active

actively

activity

actor

actual

actually

acute

ad

adapt

adaptation

adaptive

add

addition

additional

address

adequate

adjacent

adjust

adjustment

administration

admire

admission

admit

adolescent

adopt

adult

advance

advantage

adventure

adverse

advertise

advertisement

advice

advise

adviser

advocate

aerosol

aesthetic

affair

affect

affirm

afford

afraid

after

afternoon

afterward

again

against

age

agency

agenda

agent

aggregate

aggressive

ago

agree

agreement

agricultural

agriculture

ahead

aid

aim

air

aircraft

airline

airplane

alarm

album

alcohol

algebra

algorithm

alien

alive

all

allege

alliance

allocate

allocation

allow

ally

almost

alone

along

alongside

already

alright

also

alter

alternative

although

altitude

altogether

aluminum

always

amaze

amendment

amino

among

amongst

amount

amplitude

analogy

analysis

analyst

analyze

ancestor

ancient

and

anger

angle

angry

animal

announce

announcement

annual

another

answer

anthropology

anti

antibiotic

antibody

anticipate

antiquity

anxiety

anxious

any


3

anybody

anymore

anyone

anything

anyway

anywhere

apart

apartment

apologize

apparent

apparently

appeal

appear

appearance

appendix

applause

apple

application

apply

appoint

appointment

appreciate

approach

appropriate

approval

approve

approximate

approximately

approximation

arbitrary

archaeology

architect

architecture

area

argue

argument

arise

arm

army

around

arrange

arrangement

array

arrest

arrival

arrive

arrow

art

article

articulate

artifact

artificial

artist

artistic

artwork

as

ashamed

aside

ask

aspect

assembly

assert

assess

assessment

asset

assign

assignment

assist

assistance

assistant

associate

association

assume

assumption

assure

at

athlete

athletic

atmosphere

atom

atomic

attach

attachment

attack

attempt

attend

attendance

attention

attitude

attract

attraction

attractive

attribute

auction

audience

audio

audit

aunt

author

authority

automatically

autonomy

autumn

availability

available

average

avoid

award

aware

awareness

away

awful

axiom

axis

baby

back

background

backward

bacteria

bacterial

bad

badly

bag

balance

ball

ban

band

bang

bank

bar

barely

bargain

barrel

barrier

base

basic

basically

basin

basis

bat

bath

battle

be

beach

beam

bear

beat

beautiful

beauty

because

become

bed

bedroom

beer

before

begin

behave

behavior

behavioral

behind

belief

believe

bell

belong

below

belt

bend

beneath

benefit

beside

besides

bet


4

between

beyond

bias

bid

big

bike

bilingual

bill

bin

binary

bind

biodiversity

biological

biologist

biology

bird

birth

bit

bite

bizarre

black

blame

blank

bleed

bless

blind

block

blood

bloody

blow

blue

board

boat

bodily

body

bomb

bond

bone

bonus

book

boom

boost

boot

border

bore

borrow

boss

both

bother

bottle

bottom

bound

boundary

bowl

box

boy

bracket

brain

branch

brand

bread

break

breakdown

breakfast

breast

breath

breathe

breed

bridge

brief

briefly

bright

brilliant

bring

broad

broadcast

broadly

brother

brown

brush

bubble

bucket

budget

build

bulk

bullet

bunch

bundle

burden

burn

burst

bury

bus

business

busy

but

button

buy

buyer

by

cable

cake

calcium

calculate

calculation

calculator

calculus

call

calm

camera

camp

campaign

campus

can

cancel

cancer

candidate

cap

capability

capable

capacity

capillary

capital

capitalism

capitalist

capture

car

carbon

card

care

career

careful

carefully

carpet

carrier

carry

case

cash

cast

castle

cat

catalog

catch

category

cattle

cause

celebrate

celebration

cell

censor

cent

center

central

century

ceremony

certain

certainly

chain

chair

chairman

challenge

chamber

champion

championship

chance

change

channel

chapter

character

characteristic

characterization

characterize


5

charge

charity

charm

chart

chase

chat

cheap

cheat

check

cheek

cheers

cheese

chemical

chemistry

chemotherapy

chess

chest

chicken

chief

child

childhood

chip

chloride

chocolate

choice

choose

chromosome

chronic

chunk

church

cigarette

cinema

circa

circle

circulate

circulation

circumstance

cite

citizen

city

civil

civilian

civilization

claim

clarify

class

classic

classical

classification

classify

classroom

clause

clay

clean

clear

clearly

clever

click

client

climate

climb

clinic

clinical

clip

clock

clone

close

closely

closure

clothes

clothing

cloud

club

clue

cluster

coach

coal

coast

coat

code

coefficient

coffee

cognitive

coherent

coin

cold

collapse

colleague

collect

collection

collective

college

colonial

colony

color

column

combination

combine

come

comedy

comfort

comfortable

comma

command

comment

commentary

commercial

commission

commit

commitment

committee

commodity

common

commonly

communicate

communication

communicative

communist

community

compact

company

comparable

comparative

compare

comparison

compensate

compensation

compete

competence

competent

competition

competitive

competitor

complain

complaint

complement

complete

completely

complex

complexity

complicate

complication

comply

component

compose

composer

composite

composition

compound

comprehension

comprehensive

comprise

compromise

computation

compute

computer

conceive

concentrate

concentration

concept

conception

conceptual

concern

concert

conclude

conclusion

concrete

condition

conditional

conduct

conduction

cone


6

conference

confidence

confident

configuration

confine

confirm

conflict

confound

confuse

confusion

congruent

connect

connection

connector

connotation

conscious

consciousness

consensus

consent

consequence

consequently

conservation

conservative

conserve

consider

considerable

consideration

consist

consistent

consonant

constant

constantly

constitute

constitution

constrain

constraint

construct

construction

consult

consultant

consultation

consume

consumer

consumption

contact

contain

container

contemporary

content

contest

context

continent

continue

continuity

continuous

contour

contract

contradict

contradiction

contradictory

contrary

contrast

contribute

contribution

control

controversial

controversy

convention

conventional

converge

convergence

conversation

convert

convince

cook

cool

cooperation

coordinate

coordination

cope

copy

cord

core

corner

coronary

corporate

corporation

corpus

correct

correction

correctly

correlate

correlation

correspond

correspondence

corruption

cortex

cost

cough

could

council

counsel

count

counter

country

county

couple

course

court

cousin

cover

coverage

cow

crack

craft

crash

crazy

cream

create

creation

creative

creature

credibility

credit

crew

crime

criminal

crisis

criteria

criterion

critic

critical

critically

criticism

criticize

critique

crop

cross

crowd

crucial

crude

cry

crystal

cue

cultural

culture

cup

cure

curious

currency

current

currently

curriculum

curtain

curve

custom

customer

cut

cycle

cyclic

cylinder

dad

daily

damage

damn

damp

dance

danger

dangerous

dare

dark

darkness


7

data

database

date

daughter

day

dead

deadline

deal

dealer

dear

death

debate

debt

decade

decay

deceive

decide

decision

declare

decline

decrease

dedicate

deep

deeply

defeat

defect

defend

defense

deficiency

deficit

define

definite

definitely

definition

deflection

degrade

degree

delay

deliberately

delight

deliver

delivery

delta

demand

democracy

democratic

demonstrate

demonstration

demonstrator

denominator

denote

dense

density

deny

department

depend

dependence

dependent

depict

deposit

depress

depression

depth

derivative

derive

descendent

describe

description

descriptor

desert

deserve

design

designer

desire

desk

despite

destination

destroy

destruction

detail

detect

detection

determination

determine

develop

development

developmental

deviation

device

devote

diagnose

diagnosis

diagnostic

diagram

dialect

dialog

diameter

diary

dictate

dictionary

die

diet

differ

difference

different

differential

differentiate

differentiation

differently

difficult

difficulty

diffusion

dig

digital

dilemma

dilute

dimension

dimensional

dinner

dioxide

direct

direction

directive

directly

director

dirty

disability

disadvantage

disagree

disappear

disappoint

disaster

discharge

discipline

discount

discourse

discover

discovery

discrete

discrimination

discuss

discussion

disease

dish

disk

dismiss

disorder

displacement

display

dispute

dissection

dissertation

dissolve

distance

distant

distinct

distinction

distinguish

distribute

distribution

district

disturb

disturbance

diverse

diversity

divide

division

divorce

do

doctor

document

dog


8

dollar

domain

domestic

dominance

dominant

dominate

domination

donor

door

dose

double

doubt

down

dozen

draft

drag

drain

drama

dramatic

dramatically

draw

dream

dress

drift

drink

drive

driver

drop

drug

dry

due

duration

during

dust

duty

dye

dynamic

each

ear

early

earn

earth

ease

easily

east

eastern

easy

eat

ecological

ecology

economic

economically

economist

economy

edge

edit

edition

editor

educate

education

educational

effect

effective

effectively

effectiveness

efficiency

efficient

effort

egg

either

elaborate

elastic

elasticity

elderly

elect

election

electric

electricity

electron

electronic

element

elementary

elevate

elevation

eliminate

elimination

elite

else

elsewhere

email

embarrass

embed

embrace

emerge

emergence

emergency

emission

emit

emotion

emotional

emperor

emphasis

emphasize

empire

empirical

employ

employee

employer

employment

empty

enable

encode

encounter

encourage

end

enemy

energy

enforcement

engage

engine

engineer

enhance

enjoy

enormous

enormously

enough

ensure

enter

enterprise

entertain

entertainment

entire

entirely

entitle

entity

entrance

entrant

entry

envelope

environment

environmental

enzyme

epidemic

epidemiology

episode

equal

equality

equally

equation

equilibrium

equipment

equivalence

equivalent

era

erase

error

escape

especially

essay

essence

essential

essentially

establish

establishment

estate

estimate

estimation

ethical

ethics

ethnic

evaluate

evaluation


9

even

evening

event

eventually

ever

every

everybody

everyday

everyone

everything

everywhere

evidence

evident

evil

evolution

evolutionary

evolve

ex

exact

exactly

exam

examination

examine

example

exceed

excellent

except

exception

excess

exchange

excite

excitement

exclude

excuse

execute

execution

executive

exercise

exhaust

exhibit

exhibition

exist

existence

exit

expand

expansion

expect

expectation

expenditure

expense

expensive

experience

experiment

experimental

expert

expertise

explain

explanation

explicit

explicitly

exploit

explore

exponential

export

expose

exposure

express

expression

extend

extension

extensive

extent

external

extra

extract

extraordinary

extreme

extremely

eye

fabric

face

facet

facilitate

facility

fact

factor

factorial

factory

faculty

fade

fail

failure

fair

fairly

faith

faithfully

fall

false

familiar

family

famous

fan

fancy

fantastic

far

farm

farmer

fascinate

fashion

fast

fat

father

fatigue

fault

favor

favorite

fear

feature

federal

fee

feed

feedback

feel

fellow

female

fence

fertility

festival

fetal

fever

few

fiber

fiction

field

fight

figure

file

fill

film

filter

fin

final

finally

finance

financial

find

fine

finger

finish

finite

fire

firm

firmly

first

firstly

fish

fit

fix

flag

flash

flat

flesh

flexibility

flexible

flight

flip

float

flood

floor

flow

flower

fluid


10

flux

fly

focus

fold

folk

follow

food

fool

foot

football

footnote

for

force

forecast

foreign

forest

forever

forget

form

formal

formally

format

formation

former

formula

formulation

forth

fortunate

fortune

forum

forward

fossil

found

foundation

founds

fraction

fracture

fragment

frame

framework

free

freedom

freely

freeze

frequency

frequent

frequently

fresh

friction

friend

friendly

friendship

frighten

fringe

from

front

fruit

fuel

fulfill

full

fully

fun

function

functional

fund

fundamental

fundamentally

fungus

funny

furniture

further

furthermore

fusion

future

gain

gallery

game

gap

garden

gas

gate

gather

gauge

gay

gaze

gear

gender

gene

general

generalization

generalize

generally

generate

generation

genetic

genetically

genetics

gentle

gentleman

gently

genuine

gesture

get

ghost

giant

gift

girl

give

glad

glance

glass

global

globalization

go

goal

goat

god

gold

golden

golf

good

goodness

goods

govern

government

governor

grab

grade

gradient

gradually

graduate

grain

gram

grammar

grammatical

grand

grandmother

grant

graph

grasp

grass

grateful

gravity

gray

great

greatly

green

greet

grid

grin

gross

ground

group

grow

growth

guarantee

guard

guess

guest

guide

guideline

guilty

guitar

gun

gut

guy

habit

habitat

hair

half

halfway

hall


11

hand

handle

handout

hang

happen

happiness

happy

harbor

hard

hardly

harm

harvest

hat

hate

have

hawk

he

head

headquarter

health

healthy

hear

heart

heat

heavily

heavy

hedge

height

helix

hell

hello

help

helpful

hence

hepatitis

herbicide

here

hero

herself

hesitate

hi

hide

hierarchy

high

highlight

highly

hill

himself

hint

hip

hire

historian

historic

historical

historically

history

hit

hold

holder

hole

holiday

home

homework

honest

honor

hook

hope

hopefully

horizon

horizontal

hormone

horrible

horse

hospital

host

hot

hotel

hour

house

household

how

however

huge

human

humor

hunger

hunt

hurry

hurt

husband

hydrogen

hypothesis

i

ice

idea

ideal

identical

identification

identify

identity

ideology

if

ignore

ill

illegal

illness

illusion

illustrate

illustration

image

imagination

imagine

immediate

immediately

immigrant

immune

impact

implement

implementation

implication

implicit

imply

import

importance

important

importantly

impose

impossible

impress

impression

impressive

improve

improvement

impulse

in

incentive

inch

incidence

incident

incline

include

inclusion

income

incorporate

increase

increasingly

incredible

incredibly

incumbent

indeed

independence

independent

independently

index

indicate

indication

indicator

indifference

indigenous

indirect

individual

individually

induce

induction

industrial

industrialization

industrialize

industry

inequality

inevitably

infant

infect


12

infection

infectious

inference

inferior

infinite

infinity

inflation

influence

influential

inform

informal

information

inhibit

inhibition

initial

initially

initiate

initiation

initiative

inject

injection

injure

injury

innate

inner

innocent

innovation

input

inquiry

insect

insert

inside

insight

insist

inspire

instability

install

instance

instead

instinct

institution

institutional

instruction

instrument

insurance

insure

integral

integrate

integration

intellectual

intelligence

intend

intense

intensity

intensive

intention

interact

interaction

interest

interestingly

interface

interfere

interior

intermediate

internal

international

interpret

interpretation

interrupt

interval

intervene

intervention

interview

interviewer

into

introduce

introduction

invade

invasion

invent

inversion

invert

invest

investigate

investigation

investment

investor

invitation

invite

involve

involvement

ion

iron

irrelevant

irrigation

island

isolate

issue

it

item

itself

jacket

jail

jazz

job

join

joint

joke

journal

journalist

journey

joy

judge

judgment

jump

junior

jury

just

justice

justification

justify

keen

keep

key

kick

kid

kidney

kill

kilometer

kind

king

kiss

kitchen

knee

knife

knock

know

knowledge

lab

label

labor

laboratory

lack

lady

lake

land

landscape

language

large

largely

last

late

lateral

latter

laugh

laughter

launch

law

lawyer

lay

layer

layout

lazy

lead

leader

leadership

leaf

league

lean

leap

learn

least


13

leather

leave

lecture

lecturer

left

leg

legal

legend

legislation

legitimate

leisure

lend

length

less

lesson

let

letter

level

lever

lexical

liability

liable

liberal

library

license

lie

life

lifestyle

lifetime

lift

light

like

likelihood

likely

likewise

limb

limit

limitation

line

linear

linguistic

linguistics

link

lip

liquid

list

listen

listener

liter

literally

literary

literature

little

live

liver

load

loan

local

locally

locate

location

lock

locus

log

logic

logical

long

longitudinal

look

loop

loose

lose

loss

lot

loud

love

lovely

lover

low

luck

lucky

lump

lunch

lung

luxury

machine

machinery

mad

magazine

magic

magnetic

magnitude

mail

main

mainly

maintain

maintenance

major

majority

make

maker

male

mall

man

manage

management

manager

manipulate

manipulation

manner

manual

manufacture

manufacturer

manuscript

many

map

marble

march

margin

marginal

mark

marker

market

marriage

marrow

marry

mass

massive

master

match

mate

material

maternal

mathematical

mathematics

matrix

matter

mature

maximize

maximum

may

maybe

mayor

meal

mean

meaningful

meanwhile

measure

measurement

meat

mechanic

mechanical

mechanism

media

mediate

medical

medicine

medium

meet

member

membership

membrane

memorize

memory

mental

mention

mentor

menu

mercury

mere

merely

merge


14

mess

message

messenger

metabolism

metal

metaphor

meter

method

methodology

micro

mid

middle

might

migrate

migration

mile

military

milk

millimeter

mind

mine

mineral

minimal

minimize

minimum

minister

minor

minority

minus

minute

mirror

miss

missile

mission

mistake

mix

mixture

mobile

mobility

mode

model

moderate

modern

modification

modify

module

mole

molecular

molecule

mom

moment

momentum

monetary

money

monitor

monkey

monopoly

month

monthly

mood

moon

moral

morality

more

moreover

morning

morphological

morphology

mortality

mortgage

most

mostly

mother

motif

motion

motivate

motivation

motive

motor

mount

mountain

mouse

mouth

move

movement

movie

much

multi

multinational

multiple

multiply

murder

muscle

museum

music

musical

musician

must

mutation

mutual

myself

mystery

myth

naked

name

namely

narrative

narrow

nasty

nation

national

nationalism

native

natural

naturally

nature

near

nearby

nearly

neat

necessarily

necessary

necessity

neck

need

negative

neglect

negotiate

negotiation

neighbor

neighborhood

neither

neo

nerve

nervous

nest

net

network

neural

neuron

neutral

never

nevertheless

new

newly

news

newspaper

next

nice

nicely

niche

night

nitrogen

no

noble

nobody

node

noise

noisy

nominal

non

none

nonetheless

nonlinear

nor

norm

normal

normally

north

northern

nose

not


15

notation

note

nothing

notice

notion

noun

novel

novice

now

nowadays

nowhere

nuclear

nucleus

null

number

numerical

numerous

nurse

nutrient

object

objection

objective

obligation

obscure

observation

observe

observer

obtain

obvious

obviously

occasion

occasionally

occupation

occupy

occur

occurrence

ocean

odd

of

off

offense

offer

office

officer

official

offspring

often

oil

okay

old

on

once

one

online

only

onset

onto

onwards

open

opera

operate

operation

operator

opinion

opponent

opportunity

oppose

opposite

opposition

optical

optimal

optimum

option

or

oral

orange

order

ordinary

organ

organic

organism

organization

organize

orient

orientation

origin

original

originally

oscillation

other

otherwise

ought

ourselves

out

outcome

outer

outlet

outline

output

outside

over

overall

overcome

overhead

overlap

overseas

overview

owe

own

owner

ownership

oxidize

oxygen

pace

pack

package

page

pain

painful

paint

pair

pale

panel

panic

paper

par

paradigm

paradox

paragraph

parallel

parameter

parcel

pardon

parent

parental

parenthesis

park

part

partial

partially

participant

participate

participation

particle

particular

particularly

partition

partly

partner

partnership

party

pass

passage

passenger

passion

past

path

pathway

patient

pattern

pause

pay

payment

peace

peak

peasant

peer

pen

penalty

pension

people

per


16

perceive

percent

percentage

perception

perfect

perfectly

perform

performance

perhaps

period

periodic

peripheral

permanent

permission

permit

person

personal

personality

personally

personnel

perspective

persuade

pest

pesticide

phase

phenomenal

phenomenon

philosopher

philosophical

philosophy

phone

phonological

phosphate

photo

photograph

photographic

phrase

physical

physically

physician

physics

physiological

pi

piano

pick

picture

piece

pig

pile

pilot

pink

pipe

pitch

place

plain

plan

plane

planet

planner

plant

plantation

plastic

plate

platform

plausible

play

player

pleasant

please

pleasure

plenty

plot

plug

plural

plus

pocket

poem

poet

poetry

point

polar

pole

police

policy

political

politically

politician

politics

poll

pollution

pool

poor

pop

popular

population

port

portfolio

portion

portrait

portray

portrayal

pose

position

positive

positively

possess

possession

possibility

possible

possibly

post

poster

postgraduate

pot

potassium

potato

potential

potentially

pound

pour

poverty

powder

power

powerful

practical

practice

practitioner

pragmatic

praise

pray

pre

precede

precipitate

precipitation

precise

precisely

predator

predict

prediction

predominantly

prefer

preference

pregnancy

pregnant

prejudice

preliminary

premise

preparation

prepare

presence

present

presentation

preserve

president

presidential

press

pressure

presumably

presume

pretend

pretty

prevalence

prevent

previous

previously

prey

price

pride

primarily

primary

prime

primer


17

primitive

principal

principle

print

printer

prior

priority

prison

prisoner

private

privilege

prize

pro

probability

probably

probe

problem

problematic

procedure

proceed

process

processor

produce

producer

product

production

productive

productivity

profession

professional

professor

profile

profit

profound

program

progress

progression

progressive

project

projection

prominent

promise

promote

promotion

prompt

pronounce

proof

proper

properly

property

proportion

proposal

propose

proposition

prospect

protect

protection

protein

protest

protocol

proton

proud

prove

provide

province

provision

psychiatric

psychological

psychologist

psychology

pub

public

publication

publish

publisher

pull

pulse

pump

punch

punish

punishment

pupil

purchase

pure

purely

purpose

pursue

push

put

puzzle

qualification

qualify

qualitative

quality

quantitative

quantity

quantum

quarter

question

questionnaire

quick

quickly

quiet

quietly

quite

quiz

quotation

quote

race

racial

rack

radar

radiation

radical

radio

radius

rail

rain

rainfall

raise

random

randomize

randomly

range

rank

rapid

rapidly

rare

rarely

rat

rate

rather

ratio

rational

rationality

raw

ray

reach

react

reaction

reactive

reactor

read

reader

readily

ready

real

realism

realistic

reality

realize

really

realm

rear

reason

reasonable

reasonably

recall

receive

recent

recently

receptor

recipe

reckon

recognition

recognize

recommend

recommendation

reconstruct

record

recover

recovery


18

recruit

red

reduce

reduction

refer

reference

reflect

reflection

reform

refugee

refuse

regard

regardless

regime

region

regional

register

registration

regression

regret

regular

regularly

regulate

regulation

rehabilitation

reinforce

reject

rejection

relate

relation

relationship

relative

relatively

relax

release

relevant

reliability

reliable

relief

religion

religious

rely

remain

remark

remarkable

remember

remind

remote

remove

render

rent

repair

repeat

repertoire

replace

replacement

replicate

replication

reply

report

reporter

represent

representation

representative

reproduce

reproduction

republic

reputation

request

require

requirement

rescue

research

researcher

resemble

reserve

reservoir

resident

residual

residue

resign

resist

resistance

resistant

resolution

resolve

resort

resource

respect

respectively

respiratory

respond

response

responsibility

responsible

rest

restaurant

restore

restrict

restriction

result

retail

retain

retire

retirement

retrieve

return

reveal

revenue

reverse

review

revise

revolution

revolutionary

reward

rewrite

rhetoric

rhythm

rice

rich

rid

ride

ridiculous

right

ring

rise

risk

ritual

rival

river

road

robot

rock

role

roll

romantic

roof

room

root

rope

rotate

rotation

rough

roughly

round

route

routine

row

royal

rub

ruin

rule

ruler

run

rural

rush

sad

safe

safety

sail

sake

salary

sale

salt

same

sample

sanction

sand

satisfaction

satisfy

save

say


19

scale

scan

scare

scatter

scenario

scene

schedule

scheme

scholar

scholarship

school

science

scientific

scientist

scope

score

scream

screen

scripture

scroll

sea

seal

search

season

seat

second

secondary

secondly

secret

secretary

secrete

section

sector

secure

security

sediment

see

seed

seek

seem

segment

select

selection

selective

self

sell

semantic

semester

semi

seminar

send

senior

sensation

sense

sensible

sensitive

sensitivity

sensory

sentence

separate

separately

separation

sequence

series

serious

seriously

servant

serve

server

service

session

set

settle

settlement

several

severe

sex

sexual

sexuality

shade

shadow

shake

shall

shallow

shape

share

shareholder

sharp

she

sheep

sheet

shelf

shell

shelter

shift

shine

ship

shirt

shock

shoe

shoot

shop

shore

short

shortly

shot

should

shoulder

shout

show

shower

shut

shuttle

sick

side

sigh

sight

sign

signal

significance

significant

significantly

silence

silent

silly

silver

similar

similarity

similarly

simple

simplify

simply

simulate

simulation

simultaneously

sin

since

sing

singer

single

singular

sink

sir

sister

sit

site

situate

situation

size

sketch

ski

skill

skin

skip

skirt

sky

slab

slash

slave

slavery

sleep

slice

slide

slight

slightly

slip

slope

slot

slow

slowly

small

smart


20

smell

smile

smoke

smooth

snake

snap

sneeze

sniff

snow

so

social

socialize

socially

society

sodium

soft

software

soil

solar

soldier

solid

soluble

solute

solution

solve

solvent

some

somebody

somehow

someone

something

sometime

sometimes

somewhat

somewhere

son

song

soon

sophisticate

sorry

sort

soul

sound

source

south

southern

space

span

spare

spatial

speak

speaker

special

specialist

specialize

specialty

species

specific

specifically

specification

specify

specimen

spectrum

speech

speed

spell

spend

sperm

sphere

spin

spirit

splice

split

sponsor

sponsorship

spontaneous

sport

spot

spray

spread

spring

square

stability

stabilize

stable

stack

stadium

staff

stage

stain

stair

stake

stamp

stance

stand

standard

standardize

star

stare

start

state

statement

static

station

statistic

statistical

statistically

statistics

status

stay

steady

steal

steel

stem

step

stereotype

stick

still

stimulate

stimulus

stir

stock

stomach

stone

stop

storage

store

storm

story

straight

straightforward

strain

strand

strange

stranger

strategic

strategy

stream

street

strength

strengthen

stress

stretch

strict

strictly

strike

string

strip

stripe

stroke

strong

strongly

structural

structure

struggle

student

studio

study

stuff

stupid

style

sub

subject

subjective

submit

subsequent

subsequently

subset

substance

substantial

substitute

substitution


21

substrate

subtle

subtract

succeed

success

successful

successfully

such

sudden

suddenly

suffer

sufficient

sufficiently

sugar

suggest

suggestion

suicide

suit

suitable

sum

summarize

summary

summer

sun

super

superior

supplement

supplier

supply

support

supporter

suppose

supposedly

sure

surely

surface

surgeon

surgery

surgical

surplus

surprise

surprisingly

surround

survey

survival

survive

susceptible

suspect

suspend

sustain

sustainable

swap

swear

sweep

sweet

swell

swim

swing

switch

sword

syllable

syllabus

symbol

symbolic

symptom

syndrome

syntactic

syntax

synthesis

synthetic

system

systematic

table

tackle

tail

take

tale

talent

talk

tall

tank

tap

tape

target

task

taste

tax

taxi

tea

teach

teacher

team

tear

tech

technical

technically

technique

technology

teenager

telephone

television

tell

temperature

temporal

temporary

tempt

tend

tendency

tender

tennis

tense

tension

tent

term

terminal

terminology

terrible

terribly

territory

terrorist

test

text

textbook

than

thank

that

the

theater

theme

themselves

then

theorem

theoretical

theorist

theory

therapy

there

thereby

therefore

thermal

thesis

they

thick

thickness

thin

thing

think

thirst

this

though

thread

threat

threaten

threshold

throat

through

throughout

throw

thumb

thus

ticket

tie

tight

till

time

tiny

tip

tire

tissue

title

to

today


22

together

tolerance

tomorrow

ton

tone

tongue

tonight

too

tool

tooth

top

topic

total

totally

touch

tough

tour

tourism

tourist

tournament

toward

tower

town

toxic

toy

trace

track

tract

trade

tradition

traditional

traditionally

traffic

trail

train

trait

trajectory

trans

transaction

transcribe

transcription

transfer

transform

transformation

transition

translate

translation

transmission

transmit

transparency

transplant

transport

transportation

trap

trauma

travel

treat

treatment

treaty

tree

tremendous

trend

trial

triangle

tribe

trick

tricky

trigger

trip

trivial

troop

tropical

trouble

truck

true

truly

trust

truth

try

tube

tumor

tune

turbulent

turn

tutor

twice

twin

twist

type

typical

typically

ugly

ultimate

ultimately

unable

uncertainty

uncle

unclear

under

undergo

undergraduate

underlie

undermine

underneath

understand

undertake

unemployed

unemployment

unfortunately

uniform

unify

unintelligible

union

unique

unit

unite

unity

universal

universe

university

unknown

unless

unlike

unlikely

unstable

until

unusual

up

update

uplift

upon

upper

upset

upward

urban

urge

urine

usage

use

useful

user

usual

usually

utility

utilize

utterance

vague

valid

validity

valley

valuable

value

valve

van

variability

variable

variance

variant

variation

variety

various

vary

vast

vector

vegetable

vegetation

vehicle

vein

velocity

venture

verb

verbal


23

version

versus

vertical

very

vessel

veteran

via

viable

vice

victim

victory

video

view

village

violence

violent

virtually

virtue

virus

visible

vision

visit

visitor

visual

vital

vitamin

vocabulary

voice

volition

volume

voluntary

volunteer

vote

voter

vowel

wage

wait

wake

walk

wall

wander

want

war

warm

warn

wash

waste

watch

water

watershed

wave

wavelength

way

we

weak

weakness

wealth

wealthy

weapon

wear

weather

weave

web

wed

week

weekend

weekly

weigh

weight

weird

welcome

welfare

well

west

western

wet

what

whatever

wheat

wheel

when

whenever

where

whereas

whereby

wherever

whether

which

whichever

while

whilst

whisper

white

who

whoever

whole

why

wide

widely

widespread

wife

wild

will

win

wind

window

wine

wing

winner

winter

wipe

wire

wisdom

wise

wish

with

withdraw

within

without

witness

woman

wonder

wonderful

wood

wooden

word

work

worker

workshop

world

worry

worth

would

wound

wrap

write

writer

wrong

yard

yeah

year

yeast

yellow

yes

yesterday

yet

yield

you

young

yourself

youth

zone

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