ess cryogenic system process design...invited presentation c1ore-01 given at cec-icmc 2015, tucson,...
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![Page 1: ESS Cryogenic System Process Design...Invited presentation C1OrE-01 given at CEC-ICMC 2015, Tucson, USA, June 28 July 2, 2015. View of the Southwest in 2025 2 MAX IV ESS • Max IV](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042910/5f3e8bc67cd5af5ac64c6784/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
ESS Cryogenic System Process Design
Philipp Arnold Section Leader Cryogenics
www.europeanspallationsource.se CEC – ICMC 2015
June 29, 2015
IEEE/CSC & ESAS SUPERCONDUCTIVITY NEWS FORUM (global edition), July 2015. Invited presentation C1OrE-01 given at CEC-ICMC 2015, Tucson, USA, June 28 – July 2, 2015.
![Page 2: ESS Cryogenic System Process Design...Invited presentation C1OrE-01 given at CEC-ICMC 2015, Tucson, USA, June 28 July 2, 2015. View of the Southwest in 2025 2 MAX IV ESS • Max IV](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042910/5f3e8bc67cd5af5ac64c6784/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
View of the Southwest in 2025
2
MAX IV
ESS
• Max IV – a national research facility, under construction, opens up in 2016 • Science City – a new part of town
Lund (113 500)
Malmö (309 000)
Copenhagen (1 200 000)
IEEE/CSC & ESAS SUPERCONDUCTIVITY NEWS FORUM (global edition), July 2015. Invited presentation C1OrE-01 given at CEC-ICMC 2015, Tucson, USA, June 28 – July 2, 2015.
![Page 3: ESS Cryogenic System Process Design...Invited presentation C1OrE-01 given at CEC-ICMC 2015, Tucson, USA, June 28 July 2, 2015. View of the Southwest in 2025 2 MAX IV ESS • Max IV](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042910/5f3e8bc67cd5af5ac64c6784/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Cryogenics at ESS
Coldbox building Compressor building
IEEE/CSC & ESAS SUPERCONDUCTIVITY NEWS FORUM (global edition), July 2015. Invited presentation C1OrE-01 given at CEC-ICMC 2015, Tucson, USA, June 28 – July 2, 2015.
![Page 4: ESS Cryogenic System Process Design...Invited presentation C1OrE-01 given at CEC-ICMC 2015, Tucson, USA, June 28 July 2, 2015. View of the Southwest in 2025 2 MAX IV ESS • Max IV](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042910/5f3e8bc67cd5af5ac64c6784/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Outline
1) System Overview
2) Accelerator Load and its Cryoplant
3) Target Moderator Load and its Cryoplant
4) Helium Management and Storage
5) Reliability and Availability
6) Energy
4
IEEE/CSC & ESAS SUPERCONDUCTIVITY NEWS FORUM (global edition), July 2015. Invited presentation C1OrE-01 given at CEC-ICMC 2015, Tucson, USA, June 28 – July 2, 2015.
![Page 5: ESS Cryogenic System Process Design...Invited presentation C1OrE-01 given at CEC-ICMC 2015, Tucson, USA, June 28 July 2, 2015. View of the Southwest in 2025 2 MAX IV ESS • Max IV](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042910/5f3e8bc67cd5af5ac64c6784/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Pure Helium Gas Storage 1
20 m3 LHe Tank
Standalone Helium Purifier
Helium Recovery System
Pure Helium Gas Storage 2
Accelerator Cryoplant
Test & Instrument Cryoplant
5 m3 LHe Tank
Target Moderator Cryoplant
LHe Mobile Dewars
Test Stand Distribution
System
Instruments & Experiments
LN2 Storage Tanks
LN2 Mobile Dewars
Cryogenic Distribution
System
Cryomodules Cryomodule Test Stand
Target Distribution
System
Hydrogen Circulation Box
Hydrogen Moderator
5
(1) System overview
IEEE/CSC & ESAS SUPERCONDUCTIVITY NEWS FORUM (global edition), July 2015. Invited presentation C1OrE-01 given at CEC-ICMC 2015, Tucson, USA, June 28 – July 2, 2015.
![Page 6: ESS Cryogenic System Process Design...Invited presentation C1OrE-01 given at CEC-ICMC 2015, Tucson, USA, June 28 July 2, 2015. View of the Southwest in 2025 2 MAX IV ESS • Max IV](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042910/5f3e8bc67cd5af5ac64c6784/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Outline
1) System Overview
2) Accelerator Load and its Cryoplant
3) Target Moderator Load and its Cryoplant
4) Helium Management and Storage
5) Reliability and Availability
6) Energy
6
IEEE/CSC & ESAS SUPERCONDUCTIVITY NEWS FORUM (global edition), July 2015. Invited presentation C1OrE-01 given at CEC-ICMC 2015, Tucson, USA, June 28 – July 2, 2015.
![Page 7: ESS Cryogenic System Process Design...Invited presentation C1OrE-01 given at CEC-ICMC 2015, Tucson, USA, June 28 July 2, 2015. View of the Southwest in 2025 2 MAX IV ESS • Max IV](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042910/5f3e8bc67cd5af5ac64c6784/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
(2.1) The Accelerator cryogenic setup
7
IEEE/CSC & ESAS SUPERCONDUCTIVITY NEWS FORUM (global edition), July 2015. Invited presentation C1OrE-01 given at CEC-ICMC 2015, Tucson, USA, June 28 – July 2, 2015.
![Page 8: ESS Cryogenic System Process Design...Invited presentation C1OrE-01 given at CEC-ICMC 2015, Tucson, USA, June 28 July 2, 2015. View of the Southwest in 2025 2 MAX IV ESS • Max IV](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042910/5f3e8bc67cd5af5ac64c6784/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
(2.1) The Accelerator cryogenic setup
8
IEEE/CSC & ESAS SUPERCONDUCTIVITY NEWS FORUM (global edition), July 2015. Invited presentation C1OrE-01 given at CEC-ICMC 2015, Tucson, USA, June 28 – July 2, 2015.
![Page 9: ESS Cryogenic System Process Design...Invited presentation C1OrE-01 given at CEC-ICMC 2015, Tucson, USA, June 28 July 2, 2015. View of the Southwest in 2025 2 MAX IV ESS • Max IV](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042910/5f3e8bc67cd5af5ac64c6784/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
(2.2) Cryomodule cooling at 2K
9
Production of 2 K helium in 2 K heat exchanger and a sub-sequent Joule-Thomson valve in each of the cryomodule–valve box assemblies
IEEE/CSC & ESAS SUPERCONDUCTIVITY NEWS FORUM (global edition), July 2015. Invited presentation C1OrE-01 given at CEC-ICMC 2015, Tucson, USA, June 28 – July 2, 2015.
![Page 10: ESS Cryogenic System Process Design...Invited presentation C1OrE-01 given at CEC-ICMC 2015, Tucson, USA, June 28 July 2, 2015. View of the Southwest in 2025 2 MAX IV ESS • Max IV](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042910/5f3e8bc67cd5af5ac64c6784/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
(2.3) The Accelerator cryoplant dutyspec
10
Type
Temperature range
Max. load Stage 1
Max. load Stage 2
Static and dynamic load in CMs
2 K 1850 W 2230 W
Recuperators and CDS load
2 – 4 K 630 W 830 W
Thermal shields
33 – 53 K 8 550 W 11 380 W
Coupler cooling
4.5 – 300 K 6.8 g/s 9.0 g/s
IEEE/CSC & ESAS SUPERCONDUCTIVITY NEWS FORUM (global edition), July 2015. Invited presentation C1OrE-01 given at CEC-ICMC 2015, Tucson, USA, June 28 – July 2, 2015.
![Page 11: ESS Cryogenic System Process Design...Invited presentation C1OrE-01 given at CEC-ICMC 2015, Tucson, USA, June 28 July 2, 2015. View of the Southwest in 2025 2 MAX IV ESS • Max IV](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042910/5f3e8bc67cd5af5ac64c6784/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
(2.4) The Accelerator cryogenic load
11
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
ACCP
2K
heat
load
, W
Number of Cryomodules
ACCP 2K heat load vs number of installed CMs
Beam ON w/ safety factors
Beam ON w/o safety factors
Beam OFF w/ safety factors
Beam OFF w/o safety factors
IEEE/CSC & ESAS SUPERCONDUCTIVITY NEWS FORUM (global edition), July 2015. Invited presentation C1OrE-01 given at CEC-ICMC 2015, Tucson, USA, June 28 – July 2, 2015.
![Page 12: ESS Cryogenic System Process Design...Invited presentation C1OrE-01 given at CEC-ICMC 2015, Tucson, USA, June 28 July 2, 2015. View of the Southwest in 2025 2 MAX IV ESS • Max IV](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042910/5f3e8bc67cd5af5ac64c6784/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
(2.5) The Accelerator cryoplant process
12
300 K
115 K
70 K 53 K 33 K
24 K
9 K
6 K
4.5 K
Compressor skids with 3 identical screws
6 turbo expanders
Thermal shield ~43K
Connection to 20 m3 tank
3 cold turbo compressors
VFD for SPMP and LPMP
IEEE/CSC & ESAS SUPERCONDUCTIVITY NEWS FORUM (global edition), July 2015. Invited presentation C1OrE-01 given at CEC-ICMC 2015, Tucson, USA, June 28 – July 2, 2015.
![Page 13: ESS Cryogenic System Process Design...Invited presentation C1OrE-01 given at CEC-ICMC 2015, Tucson, USA, June 28 July 2, 2015. View of the Southwest in 2025 2 MAX IV ESS • Max IV](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042910/5f3e8bc67cd5af5ac64c6784/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Outline
1) System Overview
2) Accelerator Load and its Cryoplant
3) Target Moderator Load and its Cryoplant
4) Helium Management and Storage
5) Reliability and Availability
6) Energy
13
IEEE/CSC & ESAS SUPERCONDUCTIVITY NEWS FORUM (global edition), July 2015. Invited presentation C1OrE-01 given at CEC-ICMC 2015, Tucson, USA, June 28 – July 2, 2015.
![Page 14: ESS Cryogenic System Process Design...Invited presentation C1OrE-01 given at CEC-ICMC 2015, Tucson, USA, June 28 July 2, 2015. View of the Southwest in 2025 2 MAX IV ESS • Max IV](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042910/5f3e8bc67cd5af5ac64c6784/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
14 14
Proton beam window Moderator and reflector plugs
Target wheel
Neutron beam windows
Neutron beam extraction
(3.1) The Target Monolith
IEEE/CSC & ESAS SUPERCONDUCTIVITY NEWS FORUM (global edition), July 2015. Invited presentation C1OrE-01 given at CEC-ICMC 2015, Tucson, USA, June 28 – July 2, 2015.
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(3.2) The Target Monolith inside
Target wheel
Proton beam window Moderator and reflector plugs
IEEE/CSC & ESAS SUPERCONDUCTIVITY NEWS FORUM (global edition), July 2015. Invited presentation C1OrE-01 given at CEC-ICMC 2015, Tucson, USA, June 28 – July 2, 2015.
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16
Target wheel
Bottom MR plug
Proton beam
Top MR plug
(3.3) Moderator-Reflector system
IEEE/CSC & ESAS SUPERCONDUCTIVITY NEWS FORUM (global edition), July 2015. Invited presentation C1OrE-01 given at CEC-ICMC 2015, Tucson, USA, June 28 – July 2, 2015.
![Page 17: ESS Cryogenic System Process Design...Invited presentation C1OrE-01 given at CEC-ICMC 2015, Tucson, USA, June 28 July 2, 2015. View of the Southwest in 2025 2 MAX IV ESS • Max IV](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042910/5f3e8bc67cd5af5ac64c6784/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
(3.4) The Target cryogenic load
17
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
TMCP
hea
t loa
d, k
W
Beam power, MW
TMCP 15-20K heat load vs. beam power
Load w/ safety factors
Load w/o safety factors
IEEE/CSC & ESAS SUPERCONDUCTIVITY NEWS FORUM (global edition), July 2015. Invited presentation C1OrE-01 given at CEC-ICMC 2015, Tucson, USA, June 28 – July 2, 2015.
![Page 18: ESS Cryogenic System Process Design...Invited presentation C1OrE-01 given at CEC-ICMC 2015, Tucson, USA, June 28 July 2, 2015. View of the Southwest in 2025 2 MAX IV ESS • Max IV](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042910/5f3e8bc67cd5af5ac64c6784/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
(3.5) The Target Moderator cryoplant process (proposed by ESS)
18
300 K
90…120 K
60…80 K
23 K
20 K
15K
Helium buffers with “low” and “high” pressure region
Turbine for HXs
2 screw compressor skids
Intermediate “heating” of feed flow upstream turbines
Helium
20.5 K
17.0 K
Hydrogen
2 expansion turbines
Multi purpose ambient heater
IEEE/CSC & ESAS SUPERCONDUCTIVITY NEWS FORUM (global edition), July 2015. Invited presentation C1OrE-01 given at CEC-ICMC 2015, Tucson, USA, June 28 – July 2, 2015.
![Page 19: ESS Cryogenic System Process Design...Invited presentation C1OrE-01 given at CEC-ICMC 2015, Tucson, USA, June 28 July 2, 2015. View of the Southwest in 2025 2 MAX IV ESS • Max IV](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042910/5f3e8bc67cd5af5ac64c6784/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Outline
1) System Overview
2) Accelerator Load and its Cryoplant
3) Target Moderator Load and its Cryoplant
4) Helium Management and Storage
5) Reliability and Availability
6) Energy
19
IEEE/CSC & ESAS SUPERCONDUCTIVITY NEWS FORUM (global edition), July 2015. Invited presentation C1OrE-01 given at CEC-ICMC 2015, Tucson, USA, June 28 – July 2, 2015.
![Page 20: ESS Cryogenic System Process Design...Invited presentation C1OrE-01 given at CEC-ICMC 2015, Tucson, USA, June 28 July 2, 2015. View of the Southwest in 2025 2 MAX IV ESS • Max IV](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042910/5f3e8bc67cd5af5ac64c6784/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
(4.1) Where sits the helium
1) ACCP: Over 2000 kg in Cryomodules and distribution system
20
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
NO CD
Helium mass in CMs & CDS w/o shield[kg]
VapourHelium
LiquidHelium
2) TMCP: Over 350 kg in Cryotransferline between helium and hydrogen box
3) TICP: About 600 kg in open loop system for neutron instruments
2 x 335 m x 4”
IEEE/CSC & ESAS SUPERCONDUCTIVITY NEWS FORUM (global edition), July 2015. Invited presentation C1OrE-01 given at CEC-ICMC 2015, Tucson, USA, June 28 – July 2, 2015.
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(4.2) Helium storage
1) Pure medium pressure tanks – 19 x 67 m3
– Theoretically up to 3.5 tons – Pressure restrictions for TICP and TMCP – Effectively ~ 3 tons
21
2) Liquid helium storage tank – 20 m3
– When filled to 80% another 2 tons – Used as ”2nd fill” and help in transient modes
(cool-down, pump-down)
3) Impure high pressure tanks or bundles
– 12 m3
– Nearly 300 kg – Used as buffer in recovery system
IEEE/CSC & ESAS SUPERCONDUCTIVITY NEWS FORUM (global edition), July 2015. Invited presentation C1OrE-01 given at CEC-ICMC 2015, Tucson, USA, June 28 – July 2, 2015.
![Page 22: ESS Cryogenic System Process Design...Invited presentation C1OrE-01 given at CEC-ICMC 2015, Tucson, USA, June 28 July 2, 2015. View of the Southwest in 2025 2 MAX IV ESS • Max IV](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042910/5f3e8bc67cd5af5ac64c6784/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Outline
1) System Overview
2) Accelerator Load and its Cryoplant
3) Target Moderator Load and its Cryoplant
4) Helium Management and Storage
5) Reliability and Availability
6) Energy
22
IEEE/CSC & ESAS SUPERCONDUCTIVITY NEWS FORUM (global edition), July 2015. Invited presentation C1OrE-01 given at CEC-ICMC 2015, Tucson, USA, June 28 – July 2, 2015.
![Page 23: ESS Cryogenic System Process Design...Invited presentation C1OrE-01 given at CEC-ICMC 2015, Tucson, USA, June 28 July 2, 2015. View of the Southwest in 2025 2 MAX IV ESS • Max IV](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042910/5f3e8bc67cd5af5ac64c6784/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
(5.1) Definitions
23
Kinetic Experiments
Flux Integrated Experiments
A reliability of at least 90% should be provided for the duration of the measurement. The measurement will be considered failed when the beam power is reduced to less than 50% of the scheduled power for more than 1/10th of the measurement length.
For the duration of the experiment at least 90% of the experiments should have at least 85% of beam availability and on average more than 80% of the scheduled beam power. The beam will be considered unavailable when its power is less than 50% of its scheduled power for more than one minute.
At least 90% of the users should receive a neutron beam that will allow them to execute the full scope of their experiments
IEEE/CSC & ESAS SUPERCONDUCTIVITY NEWS FORUM (global edition), July 2015. Invited presentation C1OrE-01 given at CEC-ICMC 2015, Tucson, USA, June 28 – July 2, 2015.
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(5.2) Anticipated failure rates
24
Downtime duration Accelerator Target ICS SI
1 second - 6 seconds 120 per day - - -
6 seconds - 1 minute 40 per day - - -
1 minute - 6 minutes 4.8 per day - 40 per year -
6 minutes - 20 minutes 1.7 per day - 10 per year -
20 minutes - 1 hour 90 per year 2 per year 4 per year 3 per year
1 hour - 3 hours 29 per year 1 per year 2 per year 1 every 2 years
3 hours - 8 hours 15 per year 1 every 2 years 1 every 2 years 1 every 2 years
8 hours - 1 day 5.5 per year 1 every 2 years 1 every 5 years 1 every 3 years
1 day - 3 days 2.3 per year 1 every 2 years - 1 every 10 years
3 days - 10 days 1 every 5 years 1 every 20 years - -
more than 10 days 3 every 40 years 1 every 40 years - -
IEEE/CSC & ESAS SUPERCONDUCTIVITY NEWS FORUM (global edition), July 2015. Invited presentation C1OrE-01 given at CEC-ICMC 2015, Tucson, USA, June 28 – July 2, 2015.
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(5.3) Backup compressor system
25
IEEE/CSC & ESAS SUPERCONDUCTIVITY NEWS FORUM (global edition), July 2015. Invited presentation C1OrE-01 given at CEC-ICMC 2015, Tucson, USA, June 28 – July 2, 2015.
![Page 26: ESS Cryogenic System Process Design...Invited presentation C1OrE-01 given at CEC-ICMC 2015, Tucson, USA, June 28 July 2, 2015. View of the Southwest in 2025 2 MAX IV ESS • Max IV](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042910/5f3e8bc67cd5af5ac64c6784/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Outline
1) System Overview
2) Accelerator Load and its Cryoplant
3) Target Moderator Load and its Cryoplant
4) Helium Management and Storage
5) Reliability and Availability
6) Energy
26
IEEE/CSC & ESAS SUPERCONDUCTIVITY NEWS FORUM (global edition), July 2015. Invited presentation C1OrE-01 given at CEC-ICMC 2015, Tucson, USA, June 28 – July 2, 2015.
![Page 27: ESS Cryogenic System Process Design...Invited presentation C1OrE-01 given at CEC-ICMC 2015, Tucson, USA, June 28 July 2, 2015. View of the Southwest in 2025 2 MAX IV ESS • Max IV](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042910/5f3e8bc67cd5af5ac64c6784/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
(6.1) Energy high level goals
27
IEEE/CSC & ESAS SUPERCONDUCTIVITY NEWS FORUM (global edition), July 2015. Invited presentation C1OrE-01 given at CEC-ICMC 2015, Tucson, USA, June 28 – July 2, 2015.
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(6.2) Heat recovery
28
• No elevated oil or helium temperatures out of compressor suppliers specs
• More efficient heat exchangers, especially oil coolers
• Dedicated cooling water circuit for cryoplant
• Cooling function has priority over heat recovery
Motor
Middle temperature
Supply
Oil separator
Helium compressor
Helium cooler
Oil cooler
Helium
High temperature
Return
Middle temperature
Return
25°C
30°C
27°C
40°C
73°C
32°C
32°C 65°C
37°C
70°C
Oil pump
IEEE/CSC & ESAS SUPERCONDUCTIVITY NEWS FORUM (global edition), July 2015. Invited presentation C1OrE-01 given at CEC-ICMC 2015, Tucson, USA, June 28 – July 2, 2015.
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(6.3) Energy efficiency and sustainability
29
• Focus on process design and optimization
• Good match between plant and load by staging, dual equipment, VFDs for low pressure machines
• Focus on turn-down scenarios
• Incentive OPEX approach in ACCP and TMCP tender evaluation and contracts as well
• As much as possible helium recovery
IEEE/CSC & ESAS SUPERCONDUCTIVITY NEWS FORUM (global edition), July 2015. Invited presentation C1OrE-01 given at CEC-ICMC 2015, Tucson, USA, June 28 – July 2, 2015.
![Page 30: ESS Cryogenic System Process Design...Invited presentation C1OrE-01 given at CEC-ICMC 2015, Tucson, USA, June 28 July 2, 2015. View of the Southwest in 2025 2 MAX IV ESS • Max IV](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042910/5f3e8bc67cd5af5ac64c6784/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Conclusions
30
• The conceptual design of the cryogenic system at ESS is finished
• One cryoplant is ordered, one out for quote, one to 90% specified ESS is rolling
• High level goals in terms of energy efficiency and sustainability can be met
• Continued work on meeting reliability and availability requirements
IEEE/CSC & ESAS SUPERCONDUCTIVITY NEWS FORUM (global edition), July 2015. Invited presentation C1OrE-01 given at CEC-ICMC 2015, Tucson, USA, June 28 – July 2, 2015.