essa innovative assessment designs: examples from science
TRANSCRIPT
ESSAInnovativeAssessmentDesigns:ExamplesfromScience
BrianGong,CenterforAssessmentAprilMcCrae,DelawareDepartmentofEduca;on
MichelleCenter,CaliforniaDepartmentofEduca;onKarenKidwell,KentuckyDepartmentofEduca;on
CCSSONa;onalConferenceonStudentAssessmentJune28,2017Aus;n,TX
AssessmentChallengesandSolutionApproachesforNextGenerationScienceStandards:
Domainde<inition,claims,evidencespeci<ications
BrianGongCenterforAssessment
Presenta;oninthesessionon“ESSAInnova;veAssessmentDesigns:ExamplesfromScience”
CCSSONa;onalConferenceonStudentAssessmentJune28,2017Aus;n,TX
Overview
• Descrip;onofNGSSandassessmentcontext
• Threeissues,somepossiblesolu;onapproaches
• Summary
NGSSassessmentissues&approaches-6/28/17 3
NextGenerationScienceStandards
• Designedtoreplacepreviousna;onal/widelyadoptedsciencestandards(Na;onalScienceEduca;onStandards,1996;ScienceforAllAmericans,1989)
• FrameworkforK-12ScienceEduca:on(NRC,2012)
• NGSSStandards,includingPerformanceExpecta;ons(NGSS,2013[Achieveand26states])
• Othermaterials,e.g.,DevelopingAssessmentsfortheNextGenera:onScienceStandards(NRC,2014);AssessmentFramework/alignedtestitemcluster(WestEdforCCSSOScienceItemAssessmentCollabora;ve,2015)
NGSSassessmentissues&approaches-6/28/17 4
SummaryofNGSSstructureandcontent
• GradesK-highschool• Threedimensions
– ScienceandEngineeringPrac;ces(SEP)• 1)Askingques;ons(forscience)anddefiningproblems(forengineering);2)Developing
andusingmodels;3)Planningandcarryingoutinves;ga;ons;4)Analyzingandinterpre;ngdata;5)Usingmathema;csandcomputa;onalthinking;6)Construc;ngexplana;ons(forscience)anddesigningsolu;ons(forengineering);7)Engaginginargumentfromevidence;8)Obtaining,evalua;ng,andcommunica;nginforma;on
– DisciplinaryContentIdeas(DCI)• 11Coreideas(4inlifesciences;4inphysicalsciences;3inearthandspacesciences)
• 39sub-ideas
• Eachsub-ideaiselaboratedinalistofwhatstudentsshouldunderstandaboutthatsub-ideaattheendofgrades2,5,8,and12.
– Cross-CugngConcepts(CCC)• 1)Paherns;2)Causeandeffect:Mechanismandexplana;on;3)Scale,propor;on,and
quan;ty;4)Systemsandsystemmodels;5)Energyandmaher:Flows,cycles,andconserva;on;6)Structureandfunc;on;7)Stabilityandchange
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NGSSstructureandcontent-PEs
• PerformanceExpecta;onsdevelopedaspartofNGSStodefineassessmenttargetsintermsofwhatstudentsshouldknowandbeabletodo
• EachPEcombinesselectedDCI,SEP,andCCC
• PEdevelopedwithinlifescience,physicalscience,andearth&spacesciencecontentareas;okenmul;plePEforeachdisciplineareabygrade
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SamplePerformanceExpectation
NGSSassessmentissues&approaches-6/28/17 7Source:hhps://www.nextgenscience.org/resources/how-read-next-genera;on-science-standards
AssessmentcontextofNGSS
• Adoptedby17statesandDCthusfar(2017).Severalotherstatesusingrelatedcontentframeworks.
• Fourstateshavelaunchedopera;onalNGSS-alignedtests(IL,KA,NV,DC).AfewNGSSstatesarefield-tes;ngnewassessmentsin2016-17and/or2017-18;moststatesareinassessmentdesignstage.
• FederalEveryStudentSucceedsAct(ESSA,2015)requiresstatestoassessscienceatleastonceingradespans3-6,6-9,and10-12.Assessmentmustbealignedtostate’scontentstandards—nofederalmen;onofNGSS.
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ESSA<lexibilitysupportspossibleNGSSassessmentdesigns• ESSAgivesstatesauthorityforseveralflexibili;esthatarerelevanttopossibleNGSS
assessmentdesigns
– ESSAallowsstatestochoosetheircontentstandards;USEDmayallowstatestoassessasubsetofthe“instruc;onallearningcontentstandards”asPEareasubsetofthepossiblecombina;onsoftheNGSSSEP/DCI/CCC
– ESSAexplicitlystatesthat“porqolios,performanceevents…”maybeusedinstateassessments;whilenotprohibitedbefore,thismaybereadassomeencouragement
– ESSArequiresstatestohaveavalida;onargument;notclearhowrecep;veUSED/PeerReviewmightbetovalida;onargumentsaroundmorelimited(lessgeneralizable)claims.ThesemaybenecessarytoaddressthesparsesamplingintheNGSSPE
– ESSAallows“banking”ofmathscoresofgrade8studentswhotakeastate’shighschoolmathtest
– ESSAallowsstatestouseinterimassessmentstoproduceasumma;vescore,andtousea“locallyselected,na;onallyrecognizedhighschoolassessment”inlieuofthestateassessment.Thesemayprovidemodelsforhowtohandleinnova;veassessmentsthathavesimilarinnova;veaspects(e.g.,through-course;mul;ple,non-strictlycomparableassessments)
– ESSAallowsaDemonstra;onAuthorityaroundcompetency-basedassessments,whichmayprovideguidanceforhowtohandlesimilarinnova;veNGSSassessments,suchasonesbasedonclaimsofcriterionmasteryandindividualizedadministra;oncondi;ons(e.g.,;ming:“moveonwhenready”)
NGSSassessmentissues&approaches-6/28/17 9
Restofpresentation
• Presentanevidence-centereddesignapproachtotestdevelopmenttodefinetermsandshowrela;onshipsofpartstoeachotherandtovalida;onargument
• Discussthreedomaindefini;onissuesposedbytheNGSS,andsomepossiblesolu;onapproachesintermsofdomaindefini;ons,claims,andevidence
• Forselectedpossiblesolu;onapproaches,discussafewmeasurementchallengesandpossiblesolu;ons
NGSSassessmentissues&approaches-6/28/17 10
Evidence-CenteredDesignsummary
• Assessmentisintended,bydesign,togatherevidencetosupportmakingaclaimaboutstudentperformanceinrela;ontosomething– Definethe“something”—thedomain/”construct”
– Definetheclaim(s)
– Definehowtheclaimswillbereported
– Definewhatevidenceisnecessarytosupporttheclaims
– Definewhatinforma;onwillbegatheredandhowitwillbeprocessedtobecomeevidence
– Designhowtheinforma;on-gatheringiscomprehensive,prac;cal,fair,etc.
• Inprac;ce,usuallyitera;ve
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Issue1:Verylarge,complexdomain
• NGSSdefines– 8ScienceandEngineeringPrac;ces,39+DisciplinaryCoreIdeasub-parts,7Cross-CugngConcepts=2,184possiblecombina;ons[616ifrestrictedto11DCI]
• Challenge:ThepossibledomaindefinedbythecompletecrossingsofSEPxDCIxCCCistoolargetoassessconven;onally(andprobablytoolargetolearnincurrentcondi;ons)
• Solu;onapproach1:Reducedomainforlearning– 1A:Eliminateelementsorcombina;ons(manystates:usePEs)
– 1B:Combineelements(e.g.,“Inquiry”fromseveralSEP)
NGSSassessmentissues&approaches-6/28/17 12
Large,complexdomain–2
• Solu;onapproach2:Reducedomainforassessment
– 2A:Eliminateelementsorcombina;ons(NGSS=PEs)
– 2B:Combineelements,e.g.,combine8SEPinto2categoriesforrepor;ngandtestdesign
• Solu;onapproach3:Reduceassessment
– 3A:Assessalimitedpor;onofthedomain(e.g.,assessDCI,notSEP)
• Solu;onapproach4:Spreadoutassessment
– 4A:Rotatecoverageoveryears/forms
– 4B:Distributecoverageoverforms,matrixsampleoverstudents
– 4C:Assessovermul;pleyears
NGSSassessmentissues&approaches-6/28/17 13
Issue2:NGSSPEsweakfordomainde<inition
• PerformanceExpecta;onsdevelopedaspartofNGSStodefinewhatshouldbeassessedandspecifywhatevidence(i.e.,whatstudentsshouldbeabletodo)
• Challenge1:ThesetofNGSSPEsaresosparselysampleditisdifficulttohaveenoughevidencetogeneralizeaboutindividualPEsortheircomponen;alDCI/SEP/CCCwithinoracrossgrades
• Challenge2:ThesetofNGSSPEsdonothaveanobviousordocumentedstructureofhowthecombina;onofthemrelatetoaclaimabout“sciencelearning”inasinglegradeoracrossgrades
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PEcoverageofSEPxDCIcontentarea,grades3-5
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Grade AQDP DUM PCOI AID UMCT CEDS EAE OECIGrade 3
PS X XLS X X X XESS X X X
Grade 4PS X X X XLS X XESS X X X X
Grade 5PS X X X XLS X XESS X X X X
3-5 ETS X X X
NGSS Scientific &Engineering Practices (SEP) Addressed in the Performance Expectations
Scien;ficandEngineeringPrac;ces1. Askingques;ons(forscience)anddefiningproblems(forengineering);2. Developingandusingmodels;3. Planningandcarryingoutinves;ga;ons;4. Analyzingandinterpre;ngdata;5. Usingmathema;csandcomputa;onalthinking;6. Construc;ngexplana;ons(forscience)anddesigningsolu;ons(forengineering);7. Engaginginargumentfromevidence;8. Obtaining,evalua;ng,andcommunica;nginforma;on
DisciplinaryCoreIdeaAreas1. PS=PhysicalSciences2. LS=LifeSciences3. ESS=EarthandSpaceSciences4. ETS=Engineering,Technology,and
Society
PEcoverageofSEPxDCI,grade5
• WhenthefullDCIsubareasandSEParelisted,thesamplingbyPEisextremelysparseandara;onaleforthesamplingisnotevident(tome)
NGSSassessmentissues&approaches-6/28/17 16
AQDP DUM PCOI AID UMCT CEDS EAE OECI
PS1.A, Structure and Properties of Matter 5-PS1-1 5-PS1-3 5-PS1-2PS1.B, Chemical Reactions 5-PS1-4 5-PS1-2PS1.C Nuclear Processes PS2.A, Forces and Motion PS2.B, Types of Interactions 5-PS2-1PS2.C, Stability and Instability in Physical Systems PS3.A, Definitions of Energy PS3.B, Conservation of Energy and Energy Transfer PS3..C, Energy and Chemical Processes in Everyday Life PS3.D Waves and Their Applications in Technologies for Information Transfer
5-PS3-1
PS4.A, Wave Properties PS4.B, Electromagnetic PS4.C, Information Technologies and Instrumentation LS1.A, Structure and Function LS1.B, Growth and Development of Organisms LS1.C, Organization for Matter and Energy Flow in Organisms
5-LS1-1
LS1.D, Social Interactions and Group Behavior
LS2.A, Interdependent Relationships in Ecosystems
5-LS2-1
LS2.B, Cycles of Matter and Energy Transfer in Ecosystems
5-LS2-1
LS2.C, Ecosystem Dynamics, Functioning, and Resilience
LS2.D, Social Interactions and Group Behavior
LS3.A, Inheritance of Traits
LS3.B, Variation of TraitsLS4.A, Evidence of Common Ancestry LS4.B, Natural Selection LS4.C, Adaptation LS4.D, Biodiversity and Humans
ESS1.A, The Universe and Its Stars 5-ESS1-1
ESS1.B, Earth and the Solar System 5-ESS1-2ESS1.C, The History of Planet Earth ESS2.A, Earth Materials and Systems 5-ESS2-1ESS2.B, Plate Tectonics and Large-Scale System InteractionsESS2.C, The Roles of Water in Earth's Surface Processes
5-ESS2-2
ESS2.D, Weather and Climate ESS2.E, Biogeology
ESS3.A, Natural Resources
ESS3.B, Natural Hazards ESS3.C, Human Impacts on Earth Systems
5-ESS3-1
ESS3.D, Global Climate Change ETS1-A, Defining and Delimiting Engineering Problems
3-5-ETS1-1
ETS1-B, Developing Possible Solutions
3-5-ETS1-3
3-5-ETS1-2
ETS-C, Optimizing the Design Solution
3-5-ETS1-3
3-5
Engi
neer
ing
Des
ign
ETS1, Engineering Design
PS4, Wave Properties
LS1, From Molecules to Organisms:
Structures and Processes
LS2, Ecosystems: Interactions, Energy, and Dynamics
LS3, Heredity: Inheritance and
Variation of Traits
LS4, Biological Evolution: Unity
and Diversity
ESS1, Earth's Place in the
Universe
ESS2, Earth's Systems
ESS3, Earth and Human Activities
Phys
ical
Sci
ence
s Li
fe S
cien
ces
Earth
and
Spa
ce S
cien
ces
PS1, Matter and Its Interactions
PS2, Motion and Stability: Forces
and Motion
PS 3, Energy
Performance Expectations by DCI by SEP
Grade 5
EarthandSpaceSciencesEarth’sPlaceintheUniverse• TheUniverseand
ItsStars(EAE)• Earthandthe
SolarSystem(AID)
Domainandclaims
• ItisnotclearhowthePEswereintendedtosupportaclaimaboutadomainatthegradelevelorgradespan.
• Statesthatwanttomakeaclaimwillneedtocomeupwithoneontheirown;wecouldnotfindanyclaimsthatrequirethecombina;onofPEsasevidenceintheNGSSdocuments.• Someillustra;vepossibleclaims:
• “Thegrade3studentcandoW(SEP)withXDCI;thegrade4studentcandoY(SEP)withZDCI.”
• “Thegrade3studentcandoW(SEP)withXDCI;thegrade4studentcandoWandX(SEP)withYandZDCI,assumingnoforgegng.”
• “Ifthegrade3studentcandoW(SEP)withXDCI,wewillassumethestudentcandoall8SEPwithall15DCIbecauseallSEPxDCIweretaughtequallywell.”
• “Ifthegrade4studentcandoX(SEP)withZDCI,wewillassumestudentcanalsodoW(SEP)withYDCIbecausethesePEareinadevelopmentallearningprogressionthatrequiresWxYinordertodoXxZ.”
NGSSassessmentissues&approaches-6/28/17 17
Domainandclaims-2
• ThePEsdonotappearselectedtosupportreliableclaimsaboutthewholedomain(nomaherhowreliablyanyonePEisassessed).• IftheDCIatthelevelofLS/ES/PSweresubscores,the
opportuni;esforevidencewouldrangefrom2-4(outof8possible)foreachrowinaysinglegrade
• IftheSEPweresubscores,nomorethanhalfwouldhavemorethanoneopportunityforevidence(PE)inanysinglegrade
NGSSassessmentissues&approaches-6/28/17 18
NumberofSEP(outof8)withnumberof:mesevidenceiscalledforinNGSSdomains(outof3)
0 1 2 3
Grade3 1 5 2 0
Grade4 1 4 3 0
Grade5 1 3 2 2
PEsanddomainde<inition–3• Solu;onapproach1:LimitclaimstoassessedPEs;donot
generalizebeyond– 1A:Treatmorelikediscretecriterion-referencedassessmentsthan
broadconstructassessments– 1B:MakeALDsandothersuppor;ngdocumentsappropriatelyspecific
• Solu;onapproach2:SayPEsprovideevidenceforclaimsbroaderthanspecificallyassessedcontent/skills– 2A:TreatPEsasculmina;ngassessmentsoflearningprogressions,i.e.,
provideevidenceofmasteryofprecedingcontent/skills– 2B:SayPEsassessnarrowly,butwhatwaslearnedwaslikelybroader
becauseinstruc;onwasbroader
• Solu;onapproach3:ModifythePEs(assessmenttargets)tosupportmoregeneralizedclaims
NGSSassessmentissues&approaches-6/28/17 19
Reports
• StateswillneedtodecidewhattoreportabouttheNGSSasthetotaland/or“subscores”
– Eachofthreedimensionsseparately
– Priori;zetwodimensions
– Priori;zeonedimension
– Reportallthreedimensionsasawhole
• Stateswillneedtodecidehowto“scale”– Uni-dimensional
– Mul;-dimensional
– Mul;pleseparatedimensionsandscales
– Ver;cally;grade-spans;contentclusters;grade-level
NGSSassessmentissues&approaches-6/28/17 20
Issue3:Evidencecollection
• NGSScallforperformanceassessments;mostscienceeducatorshighlysuppor;veofperformanceassessments
• Challenge1:Difficulttogatherenoughevidenceinrichinstruc;onalcontext
– Solu;onapproach1:Provide(proxyfor)richinstruc;onalcontexts
• 1A:Simula;onsandothertechnology-enhancedassessmenttools(e.g.,NAEP)
• 1B:Usecurriculum/classroom-embeddedassessments
NGSSassessmentissues&approaches-6/28/17 21
Evidencecollection-2
• Challenge2:Evidencemaybegatheredunderlessstandardizedcondi;ons– Solu;onapproach1:Worktostandardizecondi;ons
• 1A:Providegenerallyapplicablerubrics• 1B:Intensivescorertraining,monitoring,modera;on
– Solu;onapproach2:Provideassurancesofcomparabilitythroughexternalevidence• 2A:Usecomparabilityoncommontaskstosupportclaimofcomparabilityonnon-commontasks
– Solu;onapproach3:Makelessstandardizedcondi;onspartoftheconstructand/orclaim• 3A:Aspectsofstandardizedtestadministra;ondonotmaher,e.g.,Competency-basedandcombiningmul;pleinterimassessmentsinvolvenon-standardiza;onof;mingofgatheringevidence—criterion-referencedmasteryconstructsays;mingofperformancedoesnotmaher(e.g.,ESSAgrade8advancedmathscorebanking)
NGSSassessmentissues&approaches-6/28/17 22
Evidencecollection-3
• Challenge3:Performanceassessmentsmaynotgeneralizeacrosscontent,skill,context(e.g.,Shavelsonetal.,1993,19941)– Solu;onapproach1:Increaseinstruc;onandprac;cetosupport
moregeneralizedknowledgeandskills
– Solu;onapproach2:Incorporatemoreinforma;ontoprovidemorereliablescore
• 2A:Assessmoresamplesacrossrangeofreplica;oncondi;ons
• 2B:Incorporateinforma;onfromotherperformances(e.g.,Quals+Disserta;on)
– Solu;onapproach3:Changeclaimstoreducegeneralizability• 3A:“Student’sbestwork”(likeKYWri;ngporqolios)
• 3B:“Individualizedareaofspecializa;on”(likeappren;ceshiporcapstoneproject,likeRI’spreviousPBGR)
NGSSassessmentissues&approaches-6/28/17 23
1-hhps://www.researchgate.net/profile/Richard_Shavelson/publica;on/233284543_Generalizability_of_Large-Scale_Performance_Assessments_in_Science_Promises_and_Problems/links/53d12ff80cf220632f391ecf.pdf
Summary• NGSSpresentconsiderablechallengesregardingdomaindefini;onanddesignofevidenceto
supportclaimsinalarge,complexdomaindefinedbySEP/DCI/CCCandsparselysampledPEscombinedwithacallforextensiveperformanceassessments
• Therearepossiblesolu;onsforeachoftheNGSSchallengesdiscussed.Thereisnoone“rightanswer”tohowtoassesstheNGSS.Gegngastronganswerwillinvolvethoughqul,itera;vework.
• ESSAprovidesstatesflexibilityinseveralwaysthatsupportthesetypesofpossiblesolu;ons,includingspecificapproachesalreadybeingexploredbystates
– ESSAallowsstatestoadopt/specifycontentstandardsandconstructvalida;onargumentsregardingassessingclaimsbasedonthedefineddomain.StatesmayinterprettheNGSStocreatestate-specificdomaindefini;ons,claims(e.g.,regardinggeneraliza;on),andevidencedesigns,suchasALDsandrepor;ngcategories
– ESSAexplicitlystatesthat“porqolios,performanceevents…”maybeusedinstateassessments(Severalstatespursuingperformanceassessmentinvariousforms)
– ESSAallows“banking”ofmathscoresofgrade8studentswhotakeastate’shighschoolmathtest.(ThisapproachmaybeusedinNGSSdesign)
– ESSAallowsstatestouseinterimassessmentstoproduceasumma;vescore,andtousea“locallyselected,na;onallyrecognizedhighschoolassessment”inlieuofthestateassessment.Thesemayprovidemodelsforhowtohandleinnova;veNGSSassessmentsthataresimilarinsomeaspects(e.g.,through-course;mul;ple,non-strictlycomparableassessments).
– ESSAallowsaDemonstra;onAuthorityaroundcompetency-basedassessments,whichmayprovideguidanceforhowtohandlesimilarinnova;veNGSSassessments,suchasonesbasedonclaimsofcriterionmasteryandindividualizedadministra;oncondi;ons(e.g.,;ming:“moveonwhenready”).
• Itwillbeexci;ngtoseeandworkwithstatesandUSEDtohelpbringhighqualityNGSSassessmentsintoopera;onalexistenceoverthenextfewyears!
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Questions?Comments?
Thankyou!
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Formoreinformation:
CenterforAssessmentwww.nciea.org
26NGSSassessmentissues&approaches-6/28/17