essay of phisiology
TRANSCRIPT
7/28/2019 Essay of Phisiology
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i c D o m a i n
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s s_ u s e # p d
Essay on the physiology of writing, by Doctor Javal.
Javal, Émile, 1839-1907.New York, W.B. Harison [1894]
http://hdl.handle.net/2027/loc.ark:/13960/t0wq0f605
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i c dl i br ar , U ^ o . 2.
O F W R I TI N G
A
ofMedic i>ie
eParisC irc leof theInstruction eagut
e M on t o n P ri e
gionofH onor— O f f ic erofPublic
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g
rl e H a k is on
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bibhograph
gi eteac hers
ementin
eauthori edreport
ppointedto
e ct . o h n a c ks o n
actic eofHand
of the erticalwriting
g e n e r c l ea rl t he
entinGerman
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hers usethe
oom intime
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O F W R I TI N G
I T IN G A N D L O P IN G W R I T IN G .
o n — I . H i s t or i c R e i e w
ofA dults— III. The
IV . Transforma-
gintoR unning
o n.
.
edin the
h a i n g co me u n de r
rofPublic In-
f u ne i 1 8 1 a p-
e s of t h e e e a n d t h e us e o f gl a ss e s e p t.
an d p ri a t e li g ht i ng ^ , f r om t h e po i nt o f
ft he e e s O c t .i , 1 7 9 B o o ks a nd
2 1 7 9 M ec ha ni sm o fw ri ti ng M a 2 1
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it i ng . 9
houtneglecting
schoolfur-
ofsc hoolbooks
eorge and
andc ameto
Adiiii iistra-
r i ti n g fo r o u ng
cipalc auseofnc arsight-
appeared.
ofthe report:
nk thatgreat
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d sformula
htpaper^ the
andm opiaw ill
snotdenied
ponthesub-
ting intheplace
spinalc olumn.
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en willap-
lanc e but
ainforsound
beopposedto
sthefurther
thecharacters
whic he er one
u rs e l e s h a e
dalsothat
nadultand
hand which
traighterlines
eedonl inc linethe
i n a n c as e t h e
placingthe
metric al parallelto
thepaperinf ront
oidthelateral
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t t er o f a n ua r 2 ,
t o s tu d t h e h g i e n ic
andinfant
asub-commit-
thesub ec tof
thissub-c ommittee
fthespecial
1 i n f ul l a n d pr o -
tion which
:
m c ou i s e a nd t h e
hildrenshallbe
ormulaof Mine.
A w r it i ng o n s tr a ig h t
O D R E C T .
ma think
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7 -i i a 7- s c t o ol s . i e ne r al r e po r t b
Printing stablishmentandMasson s
8 4 .
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e
anuar 26
osingtheadop-
n ranceisthe
ginthiswa .
a s1 8 1 * I p oi nt ed
achingrun-
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lope and a
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tudiesthat
ting: i .
nentandw iththe
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it i ng . R e u e c i en t i/ i ou c M a 2
V I I. p .6 7 .
ng o ci et e dc B i o lo gi e N o . 2 , 1 8 3 .
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t in g . 15
nfreehand
. Henc e it
eehandto
itisnotpossible
thewrist.
tto writewith
anc etothe
gintowriteon
ethemincline
andtheslope
ourse.
co n i n ce d t ha t t he
c hildrenistowrite
ughtogi espec imens
oungc hildrento
h e ma o r it o f
lopeofthe
ce s sa r t o s a n o t h -
madopt ertical
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pologi efor
heacadem a
er smallimpor-
we er thatin
inf iringatlong
soldiers sightis
nglishParlia-
othemost igor-
us andt iebest
eof theac ad-
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bers therecollec-
population
wingthereading
ne a u i s n o t e t f or -
htoc allattention
alf itness which
ppreciatedb
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therartic le. The
ingnolonger
eused.B ut
r thewasteof
ewriter itisfar
er thiswaste
of theedition
ficestoe plain
entionofprinting
constantl
easedgraduall in
o rt o f i de n ti t b e tw ee n
terslasted
r t he i n e n ti o n of
tabl the
e seethe
arancetowards
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g. 2 3
r theresult
othateasil ob-
oad-nibbedpen.
dpen cut
nad anc ewhic his
nc eof thef ree-
a y strokesare
ac c ordingtothe
ortheunitthe
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enibs in
ebetweenthe
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thanforn.
ffersfrom
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tan pressure
hebroad-nibbed
andtheelastic
artermasteri
cles orcon e
romtheendof the
ontributedpower-
thesi eof
th i s in e n ti o n i t w as
eunderthepen-
oldpeople.
opia particularl
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direc tion sothat
me b allow-
thanthe
earsightedness
dtheirwriting.
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g. 2
hisdoubleac tion
g l as s es h a s
imum fortheuse
sbecomeanessential
e a nd m o pe s be gi n
glasses
uenceoftheir
w h i ch i s o ne o f t he
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gingtheformof
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es peoplewho
astetheir
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dthe write
w illbegi en
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ti n g. 2 9
s whoareunder
e r f a st a n d
noughtolimittheir
onof ertical
didthe know
nerinwhic hthe
heotherc anbe
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TI N GO F AD U L T ,
ttowrite
nthatthe arc
utatthesame
otbe directec
intendedt ^
Thewritin<
belegible
ef ttheprimar
sablethat inaddii
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antforthosewhd
ofessions
ghtin the
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whatfronll
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r i ti n g. 3 1
c hools weare
somedetailthe
mongadults. We
stud themethod
allthosewho
o befollowed
c utionof thebodil
ethodc onsistsinob-
orkingof themost
eitherb natural
possesse c ep-
hemo ements
ample thoseof
of theChamberof
ile look ingc onstantl
thespotthe
gsinaf ine
d suf f ic ientl legible
artotheprinters.
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ti n g. 3 3
areameasure
otionsof thewrist
ofabsoUitel
ichisproduced
tmightbesaid
o t o s p ea k t h e
butonthis
ted ariousother
stoshapethe
o ementin
a n d re g ul a ri t t h e
l e gi b il i t .
ristandf in-
o me p e op l e b a
eto form
allowofwrit-
emuststillbea
a n ce o f t he w h ol e
isthisc on-
sisapoint
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stbelaid.
a eforgot-
tingmaster
geofthetable
sona narrow
absolutel im-
eof thewritingis
anarc ofac irc le
elengthof the
thatof thehand
ic he tendsui
pro ethis af ter
edforwriting
thebegin
theforearm ie
asac entre thef
ranarcofaiiii
astocoincideiri
totheuppeilici
mmobilit o c c
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i g . 35
rapidit of
noftheforearm
thoutrequiringthe
isc ausednec-
iswholl dis-
enalongtheline.
thiss stemis
lineispre-
s o t o sp e ak w i th
nothingis
straight
asapi otbrings
.Thefirstis
e paperadopted
hediagonalwhic h
owerleft
almostperpen-
ble.The
writing when-
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ngwrittenis
arm themo e-
necessaril a
eaterthan 5 ' ,
rsandthe
anc eof thehand
nsiderabl , par-
rokes.
blesustoan-i
writing putonthe
ewritera
eac hofwhic ha
thepentraces
esultant thesC i
paperthe
armandhand
s.
m andof
ed thedownstrokes
nnearl perpen-
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sion thatitis
papertoward
tequaltothe
dthatthewrit-
aterclear-
posedtheelbow
ble apart
beusedwithout
oughha ingno
bowc anser e
d p i o t f or t h e mo e -
c e w ithre-
ebod , that
s notentirel
es althoughit
sede es one
swork anditis
sotoplacethedots
f o r e r c o m-
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ti n g. 3 9
as o ns t h e e e s a re
sagreeableto
uelines c onse-
owriteaswead ise
eantheheadto
thetwoe es
asnearl as
ne thisisa
radults w ith
ebod areno
ultinwriting
sontheis and
onotwait
dtoputthe
ndthec rossestothe
enienc esc ome
terruptionof the
tein onegroup
elettersof the
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er c onsiderable
oretimetostop dot
ntheregularmo-
omaketwoor
al l , m a n p e r-
er m an , d o n ot
c rossthe/
whencecome
ccentstothe
reatl w ithlegi-
, sc atterdots
d whilewiththe
t h es e s ig n s ar e
erplac es.
puttingthe
until the
ongisf inished
culcatein
e donot
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' r it hi g. 1
bettertofor-
dotsandac cents
atthe be
ntl inreading
punc tuationshould
thefirst
emonec anwrite
arl . Ifw riting
printers itis
otsandaccents
nderwritinglegible
topeopleha -
suppressing
totakenotes
laiuo towrite
gsofthe most
ndallthesesigns
o erleisurel ,
a s e cr e ta r .
sothe er great
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ew illshow
as beenre-
n e e n l a n d
lit isinc reased
sof time onre-
edotsandac c ents
bidtheomis-
g re s er e d e c l u-
n pe r so n al u s e.
t h at t h e he a y
a e r s l ig h t e -
ndratherb the
pressure
traf inepoints
andthoseofmedium
nnecessaril long
f o r th e c ap r ic e o f
mfrombeing
sthe areini
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-andq andhere
e made
e p en ^ J a ck s on
etthec onnection
ltakeaform
r se d e a s t o
obeconfused
edthataman
a eagood
ha elef tthe
hemustbe
eriod suc hahand-
rtedtoodis-
. I f e r g r ea t ce -
writingw illbe
nedpaper and
regular
thewrist.
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r it ii ig . 5
o freehand
hemotionsof the
nderatingpart writ-
lesha ebeen
Taupierandb
ese pen-
meritedobli -
werewrongin
teac hingof
ichthe had
hewritingof
ecop ing
theimmense
op l e ha e n o n ee d t o
tthepeopleas
dlegibl , and
and Grimal
rtuosiof thepen.
ththe fin-
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e r d i ff e re n t.
whichdirec-
ng thepen
f lowingand
inpassingthat
writingformed
road straight
amed whichap-
all itisa
/dif fersf rom
dinwhichthe
w i ll b e l oo p ed . T hi s w ri t -
ediumnil ,
alhaiuh riti ig.
madeknownthe
peopletopre-
aregomgto
hildren the
ngispreferable
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g. 7
F C H I DR E N .
areason-
chtoachild
d o es n o t e t k no w t he
er c omplic ated
egrown-up
o writerap-
ouldthisbedesired
daptedtoit for
muc hshorter
therotationround
pento trace
w idel f roma
ritingismuc h
omakeuseof
hesemo e-
enup thec hild
tireforearmat
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a n d to m ak e u se
ersinmo ing
himselfin
ledpaperis
r en n o r ea s on e -
onof thecop -
he linesis
andisnottobe
noftheforearm
p -book is
tbeforethec hild.
that e enfor
opingwriting
sequenc eofha ^-
ht. Topro e
hec hild make
writing: if lef t
bookbeingstraight
inspiteof the
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ng . 9
c ounteract
Gi ehimmod-
hew illc op them
s no e i l a n d in
h e wi ll t i e in o ' c
straight which
ureof thespinal
a n d ab o e a l l m o -
gni edasthere-
ewriting.
tnc ti eten-
c hisgood itbe
gwriting
msel es: c op -
torc op -book
onofthe
theobliqueposi-
einclined
hichreac tsb
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he whole
turnedobUquel
fbendino:the
e restofthe
e m en t t o a o i d a
eck andto
it totheright
-bookheld
coliosiswithleft
ce d t hi r t e a rs a g o.
a s l op i ng h a nd
placedstraight
demandwhatisc on-
otenoughtoplace
d ; itmustbe
dtheunhapp
his rightside
ow whichleads
derandto
bod onthe
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g. 5 r
esascoliosis
. A neminent
hisattitudeto
eC ommission
erofPubUc
wastopic al:
o u p le a se a n d o u
" T he c el e br a te d
inecur atureof
romthebac k
tterC ; the
werthanthe
el insignif i-
eseriousisthat
titudespressthe
wminutes and
whic hthede-
muchspace
thee hortations
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ti n g. 5 3
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ig . 5 7
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e e r iG s .
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