Essential QuestionEssential Question

What were the goals of What were the goals of the progressive the progressive

movement?movement?

The Roots of ProgressivismThe Roots of Progressivism

Progressivism (1890-1920)Progressivism (1890-1920)

Series of reform Series of reform efforts that efforts that changed U.S. changed U.S. societysociety

Social ProblemsSocial Problems

CrimeCrime IlliteracyIlliteracy Alcohol abuseAlcohol abuse Child LaborChild Labor Health and safety Health and safety

issuesissues

ProgressivismProgressivism

Believed Believed industrialism and industrialism and urbanization had urbanization had created social created social problemsproblems

Agreed government Agreed government should take a more should take a more active role in solving active role in solving society’s problemssociety’s problems

MuckrakersMuckrakers

Crusading Crusading journalistsjournalists

Investigated Investigated social conditions social conditions and political and political corruptioncorruption

Ida TarbellIda Tarbell

Published a Published a series of articles series of articles critical of the critical of the Standard Oil Standard Oil Company Company (Rockefeller)(Rockefeller)

Lincoln SteffensLincoln Steffens

Reported on vote Reported on vote stealing and stealing and corrupt urban corrupt urban political machinespolitical machines

Jacob RiisJacob Riis

Focused on Focused on poverty, disease, poverty, disease, and crime in NYC and crime in NYC immigrant immigrant neighborhoodsneighborhoods

Jane AddamsJane Addams

Hull HouseHull House

Settlement Settlement house for helping house for helping the poor in citiesthe poor in cities

Women’s Christian Temperance Women’s Christian Temperance UnionUnion

Organized in 1874Organized in 1874

Pressed for Pressed for prohibition – laws prohibition – laws banning the banning the manufacture, sale, manufacture, sale, and consumption and consumption of alcoholof alcohol

1818thth Amendment Amendment

Passed in 1919Passed in 1919

Prohibited the Prohibited the making, selling, making, selling, and transporting and transporting of alcoholof alcohol

Direct Election of SenatorsDirect Election of Senators

The Constitution The Constitution stated each state stated each state legislature would legislature would elect two elect two senatorssenators

1717thth Amendment Amendment – direct election – direct election by the population by the population of U.S. senatorsof U.S. senators

Political ReformsPolitical Reforms

Initiative – allow citizens to introduce Initiative – allow citizens to introduce legislationlegislation

Referendum – allow legislation to be Referendum – allow legislation to be submitted to voters for approvalsubmitted to voters for approval

Recall – allow voters to demand a Recall – allow voters to demand a special election to remove an elected special election to remove an elected officialofficial

Suffrage MovementSuffrage Movement

Suffrage = right Suffrage = right to voteto vote

By 1900 – only By 1900 – only Wyoming, Idaho, Wyoming, Idaho, Utah and Utah and Colorado had Colorado had granted women granted women voting rightsvoting rights

Suffrage, 1890-1919Suffrage, 1890-1919

Nineteenth AmendmentNineteenth Amendment

Ratified in Ratified in 19201920

Gave Gave women the women the right to voteright to vote

Child LaborChild Labor

1900 – over 1.7 1900 – over 1.7 million children million children under the age of under the age of 16 worked 16 worked outside the homeoutside the home

Most in factoriesMost in factories

Coal Mine “Breaker Boys”Coal Mine “Breaker Boys”

Cloth FactoriesCloth Factories

Triangle Shirtwaist Factory FireTriangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire

March 25, 1911March 25, 1911 SweatshopSweatshop Fire kills 146Fire kills 146 Young female Young female

immigrant immigrant workersworkers

Triangle Shirtwaist Factory FireTriangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire

The Rise of SegregationThe Rise of Segregation

SharecroppingSharecropping

Most African Most African American American farmers were farmers were sharecropperssharecroppers

Always in debt Always in debt and landlessand landless

Jim Crow LawsJim Crow Laws

Segregation = Segregation = separation of separation of racesraces

Laws that Laws that enforced enforced segregation were segregation were Jim Crow lawsJim Crow laws

Jim Crow LawsJim Crow Laws

Railroad carsRailroad cars RestaurantsRestaurants Water fountainsWater fountains HotelsHotels Swimming poolsSwimming pools

Plessy v. FergusonPlessy v. Ferguson

Supreme Court Supreme Court casecase

Enforced Enforced segregation with segregation with a “separate but a “separate but equal” clauseequal” clause

Legal basis for Legal basis for discriminationdiscrimination

Booker T. WashingtonBooker T. Washington

African American African American educatoreducator

Focused on achieving Focused on achieving economic goals rather economic goals rather than politicalthan political

Speech known as the Speech known as the Atlanta CompromiseAtlanta Compromise

W.E.B. DuBoisW.E.B. DuBois African African

Americans must Americans must demand their demand their rights rather than rights rather than allow them to be allow them to be stripped awaystripped away

Niagara Movement (1905)Niagara Movement (1905)

African American African American leaders met at leaders met at Niagara Falls to Niagara Falls to demand full demand full political rightspolitical rights

Led to the Led to the founding of the founding of the NAACPNAACP