establish the rivers ’ bio-indicator system a case study of zhong-kang river tang hsien-po...
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Establish The Rivers’ Bio-indicator System
A Case Study of Zhong-Kang River
Tang Hsien-Po
Associate Professor
Department of Landscape ArchitectureChungHua UniversityHsinchu, Taiwan
ProgramProgram
Introduction Research MethodsResult ConclusionFurther Research
Ecological engineering, as an emerging
engineering discipline, provides new opportunities
in both ecology and engineering.
Introduction
Ecological engineering has been developed and showed
a very important position in river construction in
Taiwan.
For the river construction did not care about the
ecology as usual, and focused only on the safety and
utility, the environment was ignorantly destroyed.
This situation brings many ecological engineering
missing problems.
Introduction
Therefore, planting trees took the place of ecological
engineering; rock river bank took the place of multi-
habitat,key point and real value of ecological
engineering were disregarded.
What was the goal of construction?
How could we make it in correct method?
What were the target bios of this protection or
preserve construction?
Introduction
In fact, the truly value of ecological
engineering is protecting the niches of each
species within the constructive environment.
This value is based on the realization of
physical environment of niche, ecological
relationship between species and corridor
requirement in landscape scale.
Introduction
Introduction
For this reason, ecological research is necessary to develop ecological engineering.
At present , the researches about bio-indicators in Taiwan were mostly focus on the indicate the variety of environment-benthic algae,fish, aquatic insect
Research MethResearch MethododssSample Selected
There are 5 different environmental
zones from upstream to
downstream and 12 sampling area
selected
Research MethResearch Methododss
DHDJ
US
SW
WF
ZK
DS PA
OB
TM
NW
HB
Sample
Each sample name and GPS lEach sample name and GPS location at Zhong-Kang riverocation at Zhong-Kang river
The zone of river
Sampling name
Code name
Latitude Longitude
Upstream
Dong-HeDong-JiangTian-MeiUong-Sing
DHDJTMUS
24°35.969’24°36.36’24°36.999’24°37.18’
121°02.013’121°01.10’121°01.10120°97.43’
Influent He-BeiO-Mei
HB OM
24°43.78’24°40.233’
121°06.22’120°58.361’
Midstream San-WanNei-Wan
SWNW
24°39.715’24°40.65’
120°57.628’121°56.79’
Downstream
Ping-AnDong-Sing
PADS
24°40.284’24°40.751’
120°56.683’120°54.446’
Estuary Zhong-KangWu-Fu
ZKWF
24°40.286’24°39.838’
120°53.202’120°51.336’
Sampling Sampling Using GPS record and make sure the sampling area locate.
Water sampling
Survey water temperature, transparency , pH, conductivity , salinity directly in stream.
Collect 2 bottles of 1000 ML stream water. After taking the sampling. Put it in 4 ºC or lower to preserve ,in order to analysis (NO3) , (PO4) and (NH3) concentration by the
Color meter in 24 hours.
Collect 1 bottle of 100 ML water .Fixed of Dissolved Oxygen (DO) make sampling. Analysis.
Aquatic insects samplingAquatic insects sampling
Using the totality of 12 times one year collection as a criteria at Surber collections for sampling aquatic insects in Zhong-Kang River.
Collect 1 bottle of 100 ML water .Fixed of aquatic insects.
Microscope survey
Water AnalysisWater Analysis
Item Method of assay
Dissolved Oxygen (DO)
Iodine of fix amount
Nitrate (NO3) Cadmium fixed analysis
Phosphate. (PO4) Mobile to empty analysis –colorimetry
Ammonia(NH3) Nessler colorimetry
Microscope surveyMicroscope survey
Record sampling correlated data-such as plankton sample depth and surrounding change from typhoons or other.
Organism identification.
Using dissecting microscope 10*4(Nikon Explore) to identification organism.
Identify aquatic insects orders classified in Zhong-Kang river.(introduction to the ecology of aquatic insects,1992, aquatic biology,1998)
Water Sampling Water Sampling
Water SamplingWater Sampling
Water Sampling-thermometerWater Sampling-thermometer
Water Sampling-Water Sampling-PPHH
Water Sampling-DOWater Sampling-DO
Water DeepWater Deep
DH StreamDH Stream
DH StreamDH Stream
DH StreamDH Stream
DJ Stram DJ Stram
DJ Stram DJ Stram
DJ Stram DJ Stram
TM Stram TM Stram
TM Stram TM Stram
TM Stram TM Stram
US Stram US Stram
US Stram US Stram
US StreamUS Stream
SW StreamSW Stream
SW StreamSW Stream
SW StreamSW Stream
HB StreamHB Stream
HB StreamHB Stream
OM StreamOM Stream
OM StreamOM Stream
NW StreamNW Stream
NW StreamNW Stream
Result -DO
The season change of DO value at sites.
D.O.
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
2001/3/10 2001/6/18 2001/9/26 2002/1/4 2002/4/14 2002/7/23
ppm
DH
TM
SW
OM
PA
DS
ZK
WF
DJ
US
HB
NW
The season change of Nitrate Concentration at sites.
NO3
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
2001/3/10 2001/6/18 2001/9/26 2002/1/4 2002/4/14 2002/7/23
ppm
DH
TM
SW
OM
PA
DS
ZK
WF
DJ
US
HB
NW
The PO4 value of downstream is higher obviously
.The season change of PO4 value at sites.
PO4
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
2001/3/10 2001/6/18 2001/9/26 2002/1/4 2002/4/14 2002/7/23
ppm
DH
TM
SW
OM
PA
DS
ZK
WF
DJ
US
HB
NW
The season change of NH3value at sites.
NH3
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
2001/3/10 2001/6/18 2001/9/26 2002/1/4 2002/4/14 2002/7/23
ppm
DH
TM
SW
OM
PA
DS
ZK
WF
DJ
US
HB
NW
Water ConductivityWater Conductivity
Fig.5.The season change of water conductivity at sites.
Conductivity
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
2001/2/28 2001/6/8 2001/9/16 2001/12/25 2002/4/4 2002/7/13
date
Con
duct
ivit
y
DH
DJ
TM
US
SW
NW
PA
DS
ZK
OM
HB
Water Water temperature
The seasons change of water temperature at sites.
Water Temperature
14.0
16.0
18.0
20.0
22.0
24.0
26.0
28.0
30.0
2001/2/28 2001/6/8 2001/9/16 2001/12/25 2002/4/4 2002/7/13
Date
wat
er t
empe
ratu
re
DH
DJ
TM
US
SW
NW
PA
DS
ZK
WF
OM
HB
PPHH
The season change of water pH at sites.
pH
7.00
7.50
8.00
8.50
9.00
2001/2/28 2001/6/8 2001/9/16 2001/12/25 2002/4/4 2002/7/13
Date
pH
DH
DJ
TM
US
SW
NW
PA
DS
ZK
WF
OM
HB
Result-Result-Chiroromus spChiroromus sp
. The seasons change of Chiroromus sp amount at site.
Adhered organism-Chiroromus sp
0
50
100
150
200
250
date
num
ber
DH
DS
DJ
PA
SW
TM
HB
OM
US
ZK
TricopteraTricoptera
Adhered organism-Tricoptera
0
8
16
24
32
40
date
num
ber
DH
DS
DJ
PA
SW
TM
HB
OM
US
ZK
The seasons change of Tricoptera amount at site.
Ephemeridae Ephemeridae
The seasons change of Ephemeridae amount at site.
Adhered organism-Ephemeridae
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
date
num
ber
DH
DS
DJ
PA
SW
TM
US
ZK
OM
HB
TubifexTubifex Adhered organism-Tubifex
02468
101214161820
date
num
ber
DH
DS
DJ
PA
SW
TM
HB
OM
US
ZK
The season change of Tubifex amount at site.
DaphniaDaphnia
Adhered organism-Mesocyclips
-113579
111315
date
num
ber
DH
DS
DJ
PA
SW
TM
HB
OM
US
ZK
The seasons change of Mesocyclips amount at site.
Adhered organism-Pareuchaeta
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
date
num
ber
DH
DS
DJ
PA
SW
TM
HB
OM
US
ZK
The season change of Pareuchaeta amount at site.
ConclusionConclusion
Finding out the organism on upriver is less than on downriver and infer maybe velocity.From this study, we find seasons are influential to organism. As temperature rose and tourists came,
Chiroromus not only reveal on polluted site or nearby downstream but distribute widely. Therefore, Chiroromus is not absolute polluted index.
ConclusionConclusion Another index species Tubifex is obvious seen on grave polluted area such as downstream with highly population density and developing industry.
The PO4 value of downstream is higher obviously. It’
s might due to substance deposit and industrial chemical fertilizer or home liquid waste drainage run to river.
DO on upriver is higher than on downriver. The conclusion shown high conductivity on downstream and it might be influenced by tide.
Conclusions:Conclusions: Ecological engineering offers new opportunities for the
protection and enhancement of the environment.Ecological engineering: recognizes environmental value, develops an appreciation of the integration of
engineering design and ecosystem services, and, seeks ecologically relevant design options that are
appropriate to the project and sustainable over time.
Further ResearchFurther Research Monitoring river organism can reflect not
only the water quality directly, but the changing of water environment more then River Pollution Index (RPI)
To ecological engineering, monitoring river organism is unexpendable.
Thus, this study needs longer monitoring to provide complete data.
Ecological engineering also benefits from the practices of traditional disciplines,
which can provide a core of acceptability as this field reaches to the state-of-theart.
Footnote:
The end