ESTIMATION OF SERUM UREAOPTOM FASLU MUHAMMED

OBJECTIVE

1. To estimate the concentration of urea in serum 2. To obtain experience in the use of kits

INTRODUCTON

INTRODUCTON

Urea is nitrogen compound , formed almost solely in the liver

From the catabolism of amino acids and is the main excretion product of protein metabolism

INTRODUCTON The concentration

of urea in the blood serum represent mainly a balance between urea formation from protein catabolism and urea excretion by kidney .

INTRODUCTON If kidney fail ,

blood urea Conc. Increase to high level and toxic condition known as (Uremia ) will result .

In uremia , urea must be removed from the blood by clinical procedure called “Blood Dialysis “

INTRODUCTON

BLOOD UREA NITROGEN (BUN)Some time used as measurement of

serum urea

½ Mwt of Urea is Nitrogen Normal range Serum urea ( 20-40 ) mg/dlBUN ( 5- 25) mg/dl

CLINICAL CALCULATORHTTP://WWW.CLINICALCULATOR.COM/HOMEPAGE.HTM

CLINICAL CALCULATOR

SERUM UREA NORMALLY VARY DEPENDING ON : Age ( due to change kidney function ) Sex ( conc. are slightly higher in men ) Diet ( protein diet Urea )

ABNORMAL CONDITION Causes of high Serum urea 1. tissue protein catabolism (-ve N

balance) This occurs in :FeversWasting disease Thyrotoxicosis Diabetic coma After trauma or a major operation

ABNORMAL CONDITION 2. Excess breakdown of blood protein

LeukemiaRelease of leukocyte protein

GIT BleedingHb & plasma protein can

be released in to the gut

ABNORMAL CONDITION 3. Diminished excretion of urea

Pre-renalEg, -Shock-congestive heart failure-Sodium depletion -Addison’s disease

Renal disease Eg,

Acute Glomerulonephritis Chronic heart failure

Sever destructive renal diseaseAcute renal failure

Hepatorenal syndrom

Post-renal ABBEg,

-Enlarge prostateGland

- Stone

Azotemia :- Is a term used for a high blood serum urea concentration

Uraemia :- ( as opposed to Azotemia) Is the name given to the clinical syndrom that

develops when there is nitrogen retention due to renal failure

LOW SERUM UREA1.Late pregnancy Due to : glomerluar filtration rate (GFR) Use of N by fetus Water retention 2. Liver disease 3.long term of protein malnutrition Increase rate of protein anabolism Long term replacement of blood loss

with intravenous dextran or glucose or saline (Dilution )