esymbiosis: semantically supported industrial symbiosis...

O n t o l o g y

eSymbiosis: Semantically Supported Industrial Symbiosis

Targeting SMEs

F. Ceceljaa, N. Trokanasa, T. Raafata, P. Innesb, M. Smithc, A. Migiakisd, A. Kokossise

aUniversity of Surrey, UKbPIC ltd., UKcAVCOSystems ltd., UKdCLMS, GreeceeNational Technical University of Athens, Greece

O n t o l o g yOutline

Industrial symbiosis scene

Concept and functionality of eSymbiosis platform

Addressing SME issues

Implementation of IS domain ontology

Formation of IS networks (ontology matching)

Demonstration example

O n t o l o g yIndustrial Symbiosis

Industrial networks set to trade material, energy and water produced from

waste and to gain economic, environmental & social benefits

Ad-hoc networks:

Confined geographical environment (focus on local communities)

Short life-time, unpredictable quantities, non-standardised composition

Difficult to predict benefits

Strong environmental expectation

Large number of options which have to satisfy technological requirements

Resource(waste)

Process (technology)

Product

By-product

By-product

By-product

Product

Product

Raafat, T., F. Cecelja, N. Trokanas and B. Xrisha (2013). An Ontological Approach Towards Enabling Processing

Technologies Participation in Industrial Symbiosis, Computers & Chemical Engineering, 59, pp 33-46.

O n t o l o g yIS Potential

Resource(waste)


Product

By-product

By-product

By-product

Product

Product

Case 1: Local communities

(& industry)

Social benefits

Environmental benefits Case 2: Industry

Cheap resources

Economic benefitsCase 3: Planning

Targeted production

Social benefits

Environmental benefitsStill a problem:Awareness of possibility and potential

Creating technologically logical options (networks) – proven (in practice) and

innovative – with non-standard and unpredictable materials/energy/water

Selecting the best out of a large number of options (assessment of benefits)

Current Operation:Manual by trained practitioners (limited scope, expensive, not innovative)

Promotion: word of mouth, workshops, one-to-one contact

Assessment of benefits: mostly from past experience & rule-of-thumb

Ontology engineering



O n t o l o g yComplexity of IS

Plastics

Nylon

Fewsters

SIS Plastic

Recyclers

www.fewsters.com

www.sisplastics.co.uk

nylon6, 66 filled/unfiled

PVC

SIS Plastic

Recyclers

www.sisplastics.co.uk

Vac form

EPS

Styrene packaging and

insulation

Greenstar Wes

www.styrene.blz

www.theaesgroup.co.uk

Wide range of plastics processed

including FP, EE, FS and rigid

plastics

Clean EPS

LDPE

Cromwel

Fewsters

www.cromwelpoluthene

www.fewsters.co.uk

Sheering pallet covers

stretch wrap

baled

Land polymers

www.sysplastics.co.uk

www.landpolymers.co.uk

R&D for difficult wastes

Low grade films

PVCu

Dekura

Fewsters

www.dekura.co.uk

www.fewsters.co.uk

Windows profiles and

frames deglazed

Doors and windows frames

Ecoplas

www.ecoplas.co.uk

Doors and windows frames

Synthetic Textiles

www.spencersynthetics.com

Woven & non woven trimmings,

thread, yarn

PET

www.iriuk.com

PRT & HOPE only

International

Recycling ltd

Polycarbonate acrylic

HOPE

HPS

Rigid plastic PE, PP, ABS

Poly C Reclimers

www.platicwaste.co.uk

Visors protective screens

International

Recycling ltd.

www.inluk.com

PET & HOPE only

www.thewastegroup.co.uk

Waste range including

PP, PE, PS and rigid

www.fevsters.com

Also parts, trays,

redundant stock

Greenstar Wes

Fewsters

www.oskenvironmental.co.uk

HOPE only

www.preston plastics.co.uk

All forms: B grade

compound, spurge etc

Botles

Drums, ets Osk environmental

Preston plastics

www.mirusplasticsplastics.co.uk

Rigid plastic packaging, computer housing,

telephones, toys, garden furniture

www.denroyd.co.uk

Ridge plastics, sandwich packaging,

coffee cups, manufacturing waste

www.expresrecycling.co.uk

www.landpolymers.co.uk

R&D difficult wastes

Mirus plastics

Denroyd

Express

recycling and

plastics Ridge plastics, sandwich packaging,

coffee cups, manufacturing waste

Land Polymers

Express

recycling and

plastics

Axton polimers

www.expressrecycling.co.uk

Rigid plastic packaging,

computer housing, telephones

www.monoworldrecyling.co.uk

Difficult plastic packaging,

production, scrap, netting

www.moulding-solutions.co.uk

All thermoplastics

www.axtonrecycling.co.uk

WEEE, ELV’s, industrial

plastics

www.mirusplasticsplastics.co.uk

Rigid plastic packaging, computer housing,

telephones, toys, garden furniture

Mirus plastics

Monoworld

Moulding

solutions

Spencer

Synthetics

Cecelja, F., T. Raafat, N. Trokanas, S. Innes, A. Yang, M. Smith, Y. Zorgios, X. Bymi, Z. Palaskas, N. Markatos and A.

Kokossis (2013). eSymbiosys: a technology-enabled industrial symbiosis targeting SMEs and innovation.

GIN2012 Norway

O n t o l o g yeSymbiosis Platform: Concept

Web: easier/cheaper access, supports informed decision at any stage of IS process, and

easier to promote by its nature

Semantic: proposing technologically sound options, proposing innovative options beyond

past and proven experience, justifies options and enables prediction of benefits

IT: easy collection of data, better monitoring, faster and more accurate reporting,



GIN2012 Norway

O n t o l o g yeSymbiosis Platform: Functionality

Registration: explicit knowledge (data)

acquisition

Matching: formation of symbiotic

networks and assessment of

economic, environmental (and

social) opportunities with

justification

Reporting: various levels and types of

reports are crated in the process of

IS trading

Updating: technical provision for

ontology update is implemented,

auditing is still to be defined

Web portal

User

Matching

Parsing IS Domain Ontology

Reporting

Registration

Semanticmatching

Parsing &inferring

Updating

ontology

Parsing &inferring

IS

practitioner

Registration

Matching request

Results

Results

Auditing process



GIN2012 Norway

O n t o l o g yHow Does it Help SMEs?

SME characteristics:

Limited or no awareness of IS

Limited or no awareness of benefits

Limited resources: financial (time, manpower to start and to manage IS

process), expertise (waste composition, technology ability and limitations)

eSymbiosis platform as an enabler:

WEB availability supports/enables promotion of IS (existence of IS and

availability of past successful stories)

Test trial with the platform (without obligation to participate) provides the

insight into potential opportunities

Justification of options quantifies possible benefits (tangible figures)

Access and participation registration are both short, cheap and constantly

available

The platform addresses issues related to linguistic and/or expertise

barriers

O n t o l o g y

hasS

olu

tion

Top Level Domain Level

Resource

Solution

Role

hasR

esou

rce

Resource Provider

Solution Provider

Role

BySource (EWC)

Resource

Materials

ByType

SolutionByInput

ByCharacteristic

ByProduct

ByType

Meta – Level

Property

Object ByCharacteristic

Products

Energy

Pattern of Supply

Quantity Type

Interval

AttributesDelivery Methods

Storage Methods Unit of Measurement

Region

NACE

Attributes

Ro

le

Industrial Profile

Resource

Attributes

Instantiation Level

Water

hasInputhasOutput

has

has

has

is-a

is-a

is-a

is-a

IS Domain Ontology (tacit)

Waste

Technology

IS process

Assures technological and operational relevance between resources: embedded in the

structure of ontology:

Trokanas, N., T. Raafat, F. Cecelja, A. Kokosis, and A. Yang, Semantic Formalism for Waste and Processing

Technology Classifications Using Ontology Models. Computer-Aided Chem. Eng., 2012. 30: p. 167 - 171.

O n t o l o g y

Characterisation (explicit)Waste :

Technology:

Property Feature

hasQuantity Operational, Environmental

hasProcessingPrice Environmental, Economic

hasCO2 emission Environmental, Economic

isValidFrom Operational

isValidUntil Operational

hasByProduct Operational, Environmental

isHazardous Operational, Economic

hasPatternOfSupply Operational

hasName Operational

needsEnergy Operational, Environmental

needsWater Operational, Environmental

hasConversionRate Operational, Environmental

Property Feature

hasQuantity Operational, Environmental

hasProcessingPrice Environmental, Economic

hasAnnualCost Environmental, Economic

isValidFrom Operational

isValidUntil Operational

hasName Operational

isBiodegradable Operational, Environmental

isHazardous Environmental, Operational

embededCarbon Environmental

IS operation:Property Feature

geo:Lat Operational, Environmental

geo:Long Environmental, Economic

belongsToIndustry Environmental, Economic

hasStorageCapacity Operational

hasStorageMethod Operational

hasDeliveryMethod Operational, Environmental

isHazardous Operational, Economic



O n t o l o g yData Acquisition (explicit)

Trokanas, N., T. Raafat, F. Cecelja, A. Kokosis, and A. Yang, Semantic Formalism for Waste and Processing

Technology Classifications Using Ontology Models. Computer-Aided Chem. Eng., 2012. 30: p. 167 - 171.

O n t o l o g yeSymbiosis Ontology Metrics

Metrics

Number of concepts ≈ 2000

Processing Technologies ≥ 60

Waste Streams = 20

Materials Streams = 8

Targets

• Processing Technologies = 10

• Waste Streams = 5

O n t o l o g yMatching

Resource(waste)


Product

By-product

By-product

By-product

Product

Product

Case 1: Local communities

(& industry)

Social benefits

Environmental benefits Case 2: Industry

Cheap resources

Economic benefitsCase 3: Planning

Targeted production

Social benefits

Environmental benefits

eS

ym

bio

sis

Matc

hm

aker

Trokanas, N., F. Cecelja and T. Raafat (2014). Semantic Input/Output Matching for Waste Processing in Industrial

Symbiosis, Computers & Chemical Engineering, 66, pp 259 - 268..

O n t o l o g yNetwork Formation

Case 1: direct input/output matching to provide solution to available resource (waste) –local community (municipality waste) or company (industrial waste) planning

Case 2: chained and backward matching to provide solution (waste) to available resources (technology)

Case 3: chained and backward matching to plan targeted production

Cecelja, F., N. Trokanas, T. Raafat, A. Korkofigas and A. Kokossis (2013). Ontology Engineering for the Development

of Industrial Symbiosis Networks. 2013 AIChE Annual Meeting. San Francisco, USA

O n t o l o g y

Partial matching by property decomposition:

𝑘=1𝐾 𝑟𝑖,𝑘 𝑆𝑖

𝐼 , 𝑘 ≤ 𝑟𝑖𝐼 , 𝐾 – level of decomposition of property 𝑖

We use hasQuantitiy and hasAvailability with inclusion of transportation

(hasLocation ) and storage (hasStorage).

Partial Matching



O n t o l o g y

A full solution:

Sub-network 1 (solution 1)

Sub-network m (solution m)

Requester

Solution1(1)

Solutionk(1)

Solution1(n)

Solution2(n)

Solutionm(n)

Solution2(1)

Solution Structure

Requester

Solution1(1)

Requester

Solutionk(1) Solutionm

(n)

Requester

Solution1(1)

Solutionk(1)

Solution1(n)

Solution2(n)

Solutionm(n)

Solution2(1)

Requester

Solution1(1)

Requester

Solutionk(1)Solutionm

(n)

O n t o l o g y

OWL-S service description ontology used to integrate companies into networks

and to keep record of properties (or models) for each company in the network

Modelling/Optimization

Industry A



O n t o l o g yDemonstration 1

Waste producer: a Pulp manufacturer and has 300 tonnes/year of waste registered as

wood resource.


Already registered users (after elimination):

User ID User Type Resource/Solution Quantity ValidFrom ValidTo Lat Lon PoS

1 RP Wood 300 07/06/2013 06/04/2017 38.330 23.674 B

2 RP EWC030301 440 21/02/2014 10/10/2017 38.320 23.622 B

3 RC EWC030104 230 21/10/2014 13/09/2016 38.310 23.558 C

4 RC Wood 700 18/02/2016 25/10/2018 38.339 23.609 C

5 RP EWC030305 190 03/03/2015 10/07/2017 38.360 23.612 C

6 RP Wooden Packaging 250 05/10/2015 05/06/2018 38.342 23.601 C

7 RC EWC030307 560 16/10/2015 24/07/2018 38.326 23.506 C

8 SP Anaerobic Digestion 1200 23/10/2015 11/12/2017 38.327 23.590 B

9 RP EWC030101 100 10/12/2013 12/05/2017 38.346 23.607 C

10 SP Wood Incineration 1000 26/07/2013 08/06/2016 38.322 23.613 B


Matching:

Similarity results:

CO2 saving:

User IDUser

TypeResource/Solution Quantity ValidFrom ValidTo Lat Lon PoS

3 RC EWC030104 230 21/10/2014 13/09/2016 38.310 23.558 C

4 RC Wood 700 18/02/2016 25/10/2018 38.339 23.609 C

7 RC EWC030307 560 16/10/2015 24/07/2018 38.326 23.506 C

8 SP Anaerobic Digestion 1200 23/10/2015 11/12/2017 38.327 23.590 B

10 SP Wood Incineration 1000 26/07/2013 08/06/2016 38.322 23.613 B

User ID Resource/Solution Similarity

10 Wood Incineration 0.88

8 Anaerobic Digestion 0.81

4 Wood 0.78

7 EWC030307 0.78

3 EWC030104 0.71

User

ID

Suggested

Resource

Requested

Resource

Quantity

Exchanged

EC of

suggested

resource

EC of

Requested

Resource

Total EC

(requested)

Total EC

(suggested)

CO2 Saving

(tonCO2)

4 Wood waste Wood 440 0.2 0.46 202.4 88 114.4

7 Wood waste EWC030307 440 0.2 1.00 440 88 352


Final results:

User ID Resource/Solution Similarity CO2 SavingLandfill

Diversion

Virgin Materials

Saved

7 EWC030307 0.78 352 - -

4 Wood 0.78 114.4 440 440

10 Wood Incineration 0.88 0 - -

8 Anaerobic Digestion 0.81 0 - -

3 EWC030104 0.71 0 - -

O n t o l o g ySummary

IS domain ontology has been designed, implemented and exhaustively

tested for IS performance

IS matchmaker has been designed, implemented and tested for IS

performance

eSymbiosis platform has been integrated and exhaustive testing is

taking place

O n t o l o g yAcknowledgement

To the eSymbiosis partners (along with :

NTUA:

AVCOSystems

PI Consulting:

CLMS

… and the sponsor

esymbiosis: semantically supported industrial symbiosis...

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