ethxweb search results - bioethics · 2017-03-10 · newsweek 2010 february 15; 155(7): 22...

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Search Detail: Result=(((AV.PT.) AND ("15.8"[PC])) OR ((("15.8"[PC]) AND (B.PT.)) AND (@YD > "19991231"))) OR (((("15.8"[PC]) AND(Y.BL.)) NOT (LETTER.TI.)) AND (@YD > "19991231")) 2=1 : " Documents: 1 325 of 466

* Document 1 Washington, Harriet A. DEADLY MONOPOLIES: THE SHOCKING CORPORATE TAKEOVER OF LIFE ITSELF, AND THECONSEQUENCES FOR YOUR HEALTH AND OUR MEDICAL FUTURE New York: Doubleday, 2011. 433 p. Call number: HD9665.5 .W37 2011

Document 2 Kesselheim, Aaron S.; Mello, Michelle M. Gene patenting is the pendulum swinging back? New England Journal of Medicine 2010 May 20; 362(20): 18551858

Georgetown users check Georgetown Journal Finder for access to full text

http://content.nejm.org/content/vol362/issue20/ (link may be outdated)

Document 3 Testing time for gene patents. A surprising US court decision highlights the need to modernize genepatenting practices if patients are to benefit from advances in genetic research. [editorial] Nature 2010 April 15; 463(7291): 957


http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v464/n7291/ (link may be outdated)

Document 4 Marshall, Eliot Cancer gene patents ruled invalid [news] Science 2010 April 9; 328(5975): 153


http://www.sciencemag.org/content/vol328/issue5975/ (link may be outdated)

Document 5

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http://content.nejm.org/content/vol362/issue20/



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http://www.sciencemag.org/content/vol328/issue5975/

United States. District Court, Southern District of New York Association for Molecular Pathology v. United States Patent and Trademark Office [Date of Decision: 2010March 29] http://www.patentlyo.com/files/myriadopinion.pdf Case 1:09cv04515RWS. 156 p. Abstract: Synopsis: The United States District Court for the Southern District of New York granted summaryjudgment for the plaintiffs. The court determined that "[t]his informational quality (of DNA) is unique among thechemical compounds found in our bodies, and it would be erroneous to view DNA as 'no different' than otherchemicals previously the subject (matter) of patents."

http://www.patentlyo.com/files/myriadopinion.pdf (link may be outdated)

Document 6 Begley, Sharon Who owns your DNA?: Why patentning genes is a bad idea Newsweek 2010 February 15; 155(7): 22


Document 7 Borrell, Brendan Lawsuit rekindles genepatent debate. Criticism of exclusive licences puts university policies in the spotlight[news] Nature 2010 January 28; 463(7280): 413


http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v463/n7280/ (link may be outdated)

* Document 8 Mills, Oliver BIOTECHNOLOGICAL INVENTIONS: MORAL RESTRAINTS AND PATENT LAW Farnham [England]/Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2010. 221 p. Call number: K1519 .B54 M55 2010

Document 9 Koppel, Nathan Genetic research spurs fight over patents tied to the body Wall Street Journal 2009 December 10; A21

http://online.wsj.com (link may be outdated)

Document 10 Lenzer, Jeanne Patents on cancer genes are illegal and stymie research, say scientists [news] BMJ: British Medical Journal 2009 November 21; 339(7731): 1161

http://www.patentlyo.com/files/myriad-opinion.pdf





http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v463/n7280/

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Document 11 Chandrasekharan, Subhashini; CookDeegan, Robert Gene patents and personalized medicine what lies ahead Genome Medicine (electronic) 2009 September 28; 1(9): 92


Document 12 Patenting the parts [editorial] Nature Biotechnology 2007 August; 25(8): 822


Document 13 Robins, Rosemary Inventing oncomice: making natural animal, research tool and invention cohere Genomics, Society, and Policy [electronic] 2008 August; 4(2): 2135 Abstract: This paper examines how the oncomouse became a patentable invention. The oncomouse began life inthe laboratory, where it was genetically modified for use as a research tool to assist with the study of human cancer.Its design, a product of genetic modification, made the oncomouse potentially patentable subject matter. The UnitedStates was the first jurisdiction to award the patent and several others followed. However, the question of animalpatenting was most contentious in Europe and Canada. In this paper I examine debates about animal patentingwithin the legal and moral spaces created by United States, European and Canadian patent law, focusing ondifferences that emerged in each case. I argue that oncomouse as a patentable invention was made possible andacceptable as different ways of being mouse as natural animal, research tool and invention were made to cohere:that is as they were made to overlap and depend upon one another. In the paper I use the term “cohere” to describethe logic of animal patenting that emerged with, and was essential to, the outcome in each jurisdiction. I describe anontological politics of connecting and separating different ways of being mouse, as the oncomouse’s geneticmodification, risks, benefits, and suffering were juxtaposed with patent law, precedent, laboratory protocols, andunderstandings of human agency and control. As connections and separations were made, a relation, “naturalanimalresearch toolinvention”, was established, and logic of animal patenting emerged: but differently each case.


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Document 14 Abbott, Alison Mouse patent sparks 'uncivil' spat [news] Nature 2009 June 4; 459(7247): 620621


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Document 15 Pennisi, Elizabeth Group calls for rapid release of more genomics data [news] Science 2009 May 22; 324(5930): 10001001


http://www.sciencemag.org/archive/ (link may be outdated)

Document 16 Schwartz, John Cancer patients sue testing company and government over gene patents New York Times 2009 May 13; p. A16

http://www.nytimes.com (link may be outdated)

Document 17 Property rights. The granting of patents on human genes has so far not been the disaster it was predicted tobe [editorial] Nature 2009 March 26; 458(7237): 386


http://www.nature.com/nature (link may be outdated)

Document 18 Gaisser, Sibylle; Hopkins, Michael M.; Liddell, Kathleen; Zika, Eleni; Ibarreta, Dolores The phantom menace of gene patents [commentary] Nature 2009 March 26; 458(7237): 407408



Document 19 Auffray, Charles Sharing knowledge: a new frontier for publicprivate partnerships in medicine. Genome Medicine 2009 March 4; 1(3): 29


http://genomemedicine.com/contant/1/3/29 (link may be outdated)

* Document 20 Shyntum, Yvonne; Kalkreuter, Edward



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http://genomemedicine.com/contant/1/3/29

Stem cell patentsreexamination/litigationthe last 5 years. Tissue Engineering. Part B, Reviews 2009 March; 15(1): 8790


Document 21 Pierce, Brandon L.; Carlson, Christopher S.; Kuszler, Patricia C.; Stanford, Janet L.; Austin, Melissa A. The impact of patents on the development of genomebased clinical diagnostics: an analysis of case studies.Genetics in Medicine 2009 March; 11(3): 202209


Document 22 Murdoch, C.J.; Caulfield, Timothy Commercialization, patenting and genomics: researcher perspectives. Genome Medicine 2009 February 19; 1(2): 22


http://genomemedicine.com/contant/1/2/22 (link may be outdated)

Document 23 Relax rights to human genes [editorial] Nature Immunology 2009 February; 10(2): 127


http://www.nature.com/ni/journal/v10/n2/ (link may be outdated)

Document 24 Kintisch, Eli Biotechnology. U.S. Appellate Court weighs 'obvious' patents [news] Science 2009 January 23; 323(5913): 452453


http://www.sciencemag.org (link may be outdated)

Document 25 Palombi, Luigi GENE CARTELS: BIOTECH PATENTS IN THE AGE OF FREE TRADE Chaltenham, UK/Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar, 2009. 394 p. Call number: QH438.7 .P35 2010

Document 26 Koepsell, David







http://genomemedicine.com/contant/1/2/22



http://www.nature.com/ni/journal/v10/n2/



http://www.sciencemag.org/

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WHO OWNS YOU? THE CORPORATE GOLDRUSH TO PATENT YOUR GENES Chichester, UK/Malden, MA: WileyBlackwell, 2009. 187 p. Call number: K1519 .B54 K64 2009

Document 27 Vandeberg, Rens L.J.; Boon, Wouter P.C. Anticipating emerging genomics technologies: the role of patents and publication for research and policystrategies Genomics, Society and Policy [electronic] 2009; 5(2): 121



Document 28 Phillips, Peter W.B. Patenting life In: Callicott, J. Baird; Frodeman, Robert, eds. in chief. Encyclopedia of Environmental Ethics and Philosophy. Vol.2. Farmington Hills, MI: Macmillan Reference USA/Gale Cengage Learning, 2009: 143148 Call number: GE42 .E533 2009 v.2

Document 29 Merz, Jon F. Human gene patents In: Ravitsky, Vardit; Fiester, Autumn; Caplan, Arthur L., eds. The Penn Center Guide to Bioethics. New York:Springer Publishing Co., 2009: 383390 Call number: QH332 .P46 2009

Document 30 Einsiedel, Edna F. Patents in the public sphere: public perceptions and biotechnology patents In: Einsiedel, Edna F., ed. Emerging Technologies: From Hindsight to Foresight. Vancouver: UBC Press, 2009: 5163 Call number: T14.5 .E46 2009

Document 31 Onwuekwe, Chika b. Patentable subject matter: who owns what knowledge? In: Einsiedel, Edna F., ed. Emerging Technologies: From Hindsight to Foresight. Vancouver: UBC Press, 2009: 3350 Call number: T14.5 .E46 2009

* Document 32 Vogel, Joseph Henry A proposal based on 'the tragedy of the commons': a museum of bioprospecting, intellectual property rightsand the public domain In: Hocking, Barbara Ann, ed. The Nexus of Law and Biology: New Ethical Challenges. Farnham, England;

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Burlington, VT: Ashgate Pub., 2009: 7584 Call number: K328 .N49 2009

Document 33 Holtug, Nils Creating and patenting new life forms In: Kuhse, Helga; Singer, Peter, eds. A Companion to Bioethics. 2nd edition. Chichester, UK; Malden, MA: WileyBlackwell, 2009: 235244 Call number: R724 .C616 2009

Document 34 Pottage, Alain Protocell patents: property between modularity and emergence In: Bedau, Mark A.; Parke, Emily C., eds. The Ethics of Protocells: Moral and Social Implications of Creating Life inthe Laboratory. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2009: 165182 Call number: TP248.23 .E862 2009

Document 35 Abbott, Alison Europe to pay royalties for cancer gene [news] Nature 2008 December 4; 456(7222): 556


http://www.nature.com (link may be outdated)

Document 36 Papaioannou, Theo Human gene patents and the question of liberal morality Genomics, Society and Policy Journal [electronic] 2008 December; 4:3: 6483


http://www.hss.ed.ac.uk/genomics/V4N3/ (link may be outdated)

Document 37 Hamilton, Chris Intellectual property rights, the bioeconomy and the challenge of biopiracy Genomics, Society and Policy Journal [electronic] 2008 December; 4:3: 2645


http://www.hss.ed.ac.uk/genomics/V4N3/ (link may be outdated)

Document 38 Holman, Christopher M. Trends in human gene patent litigation

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Science 2008 October 10; 322(5899): 198199



Document 39 Byk, Christian Patenting human stem cells: an urgent need for a clarification Journal International de Bioéthique = International Journal of Bioethics 2008 September; 19(3): 105119 Abstract: Patenting human stem cells has become one of the most controversial issues of the bioethics field at thebeginning of the XXIst century, at least in industrial countries. This article relates the story of the long legaladventure that preceded the ruling of the Warf case by the Enlarged board of appeal of the European Patent Officeon 25th November 2008.


Document 40 Turgeon, David Ethic and patents: immiscible realities? Health Law in Canada 2008 June; 28(34): 6678


Document 41 Matthijs, Gert; Aymé, Ségolène Introduction. European Journal of Human Genetics 2008 May; 16(Suppl 1): S12


Document 42 Aymé, S.; Matthijs, Gert; Soini, S.; Patenting and licensing in genetic testing: recommendations of the European society of human genetics. European Journal of Human Genetics 2008 May; 16 (Suppl 1): S109


Document 43 Soini, Sirpa; Aymé, Ségolène; Matthijs, Gert; , Patenting and licensing in genetic testing: ethical, legal, and social issues. European Journal of Human Genetics 2008 May; 16 (Suppl 1): S1050


Document 44














Ledbetter, David H. Gene patenting and licensing: the role of academic researchers and advocacy groups Genetics in Medicine 2008 May; 10(5): 314319


Document 45 Holden, Constance Wisconsin stem cell patents upheld [news] Science 2008 March 21; 319(5870): 16021603



Document 46 Schroeder, Doris; Chennells, Roger Benefit sharing and access to essential health care: a happy marriage? Medicine and Law: The World Association for Medical Law 2008 March; 27(1): 5369 Abstract: In May 2003, one of the most important benefit sharing agreements to date was signed in South Africa.The South African San Council and the South African Centre for Scientific and Industrial Research agreed to sharethe benefits derived from genetic research on the Hoodia plant. Payments to the San Council started in 2005 andcould reach 1.3 million US Dollars per year for approximately 15 years. Members of the San community in SouthernAfrica are exposed to serious poverty, resulting in malnutrition and avoidable illnesses. The question we areinterested in is: could benefit sharing in compliance with the Convention on Biological Diversity be a partial solutionto lack of access to essential health care? In the first part of the paper, we shall briefly introduce the legalbackground of benefit sharing and the San case. In the second part of the paper, we shall argue that benefit sharingand access to essential health care should not be formally linked. We shall substantiate our claim by introducingpractical, normative and socalled 'bigger picture' reasons against the link.


Document 47 Looking back. A debate still patently alive New Atlantis 2008 Spring; (20): 155


http://www.thenewatlantis.com (link may be outdated)

Document 48 Matthijs, Gert; Hodgson, Shirley The impact of patenting on DNA diagnostic practice. Clinical Medicine 2008 February; 8(1): 5860


Document 49










http://www.thenewatlantis.com/



Scholer, Kaye PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOTECH PATENT LAW New York: Practising Law Institute, 2008. 1 looseleaf binder (various pagings) Call number: KF3133 .B56 S46 2008

Document 50 Aoki, Keith SEED WARS: CONTROVERSIES AND CASES ON PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES AND INTELLECTUALPROPERTY Durham, NC: Carolina Academic Press, 2008. 263 p. Call number: K3876 .A964 2008

Document 51 Gibson, Johanna, ed. PATENTING LIVES: LIFE PATENTS, CULTURE AND DEVELOPMENT Aldershot, Hampshire/Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2008. 200 p. Call number: K1519 .B54 P378 2008

Document 52 Hope, Janet BIOBAZAAR: THE OPEN SOURCE REVOLUTION AND BIOTECHNOLOGY Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2008. 428 p. Call number: K1519 .B54 H67 2008

Document 53 Hellenic National Bioethics Commission Report on the patentability of biotechnological inventions In: Dracopoulou, Marianna, ed. Reflections on Contemporary Issues: Opinions and Reports, 20002008. Athens,Greece: National Bioethics Commission, 2008: 133169 Call number: QH332 .R445 2008

Document 54 Hellenic National Bioethics Commission Opinion on the patentability of biotechnology applications In: Dracopoulou, Marianna, ed. Reflections on Contemporary Issues: Opinions and Reports, 20002008. Athens,Greece: National Bioethics Commission, 2008: 129132 Call number: QH332 .R445 2008

Document 55 Majumder, Mary Anderlik; Byrne, Margaret M.; Bongmba, Elias; Rothenberg, Leslie S.; Dubler, Nancy Neveloff Ethical challenges of patenting "nature": legal and economic accounts of altered nature as property In: Lustig, B. Andrew; Brody, Baruch A.; McKenny, Gerald P., eds. Altering Nature. Volume One: Concepts of'Nature' and 'The Natural' in Biotechnology Debates. [U.S.]: Springer, 2008: 199273 Call number: QH332 .A48 2008

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Document 56 American Medical Association. Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs Patenting human genes In their: Code of Medical Ethics of the American Medical Association: Current Opinions with Annotations. 20082009edition. Chicago: AMA Press, 2008: 4647 Call number: R725 .A512 20082009

Document 57 Boggio, Andrea Public domain sharing, patents, and fees resulting from research involving genetic databases In: Elger, Bernice; BillerAndorno, Nikola; Mauron, Alexandre; Capron, Alexander M., eds. Ethical Issues inGoverning Biobanks: Global Perspectives. Aldershot, England; Burlington, VT: Ashgate Pub. Ltd., 2008: 207215 Call number: QH438.7 .E836 2008

Document 58 Marden, Emily; Power, Cheryl; Hartell, David; Levy, Ed; Warren, Ben Genomics and intellectual property: considering alternatives to traditional patenting Health Law Review 2008; 17(1): 1220


Document 59 Castle, David Intellectual property and nutrigenomics Health Law Review 2008; 16(3): 5864


* Document 60 Stanton, Angela A. Forfeited consent: body parts in eminent domain In: Gibson, Johanna, ed. Patenting Lives: Life Patents, Culture and Development. Aldershot, England; Burlington,VT: Ashgate Pub., 2008: 95118 Call number: K1519 .B54 P378 2008

Document 61 Palombi, Luigi The genetic sequence right: a sui generis alternative to the patenting of biological materials In: Gibson, Johanna, ed. Patenting Lives: Life Patents, Culture and Development. Aldershot, England; Burlington,VT: Ashgate Pub., 2008: 7594 Call number: K1519 .B54 P378 2008

Document 62 Oyewunmi, Adejoke The right to development, African countries and the patenting of living organisms: a human rights dilemma

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In: Gibson, Johanna, ed. Patenting Lives: Life Patents, Culture and Development. Aldershot, England; Burlington,VT: Ashgate Pub., 2008: 5372 Call number: K1519 .B54 P378 2008

Document 63 Garforth, Kathryn Life as chemistry or life as biology? An ethic of patents on genetically modified organisms In: Gibson, Johanna, ed. Patenting Lives: Life Patents, Culture and Development. Aldershot, England; Burlington,VT: Ashgate Pub., 2008: 2752 Call number: K1519 .B54 P378 2008

Document 64 Howard, Tony The legal framework surrounding patents for living materials In: Gibson, Johanna, ed. Patenting Lives: Life Patents, Culture and Development. Aldershot, England; Burlington,VT: Ashgate Pub., 2008: 924 Call number: K1519 .B54 P378 2008

Document 65 Dickenson, Donna Genomes up for grabs: or, could Dr Frankenstein have patented his monster? In her: Body Shopping: The Economy Fueled by Flesh and Blood. Oxford: Oneworld, 2008: 90114 Call number: TP248.23 .D52 2008

Document 66 Holman, Christopher M. Patent border wars: defining the boundary between scientific discoveries and patentable inventions Trends in Biotechnology 2007 December; 25(12): 539543


Document 67 Vrtovec, Katja Triller; Vrtovec, Bojan Commentary: is totipotency of a human cell a sufficient reason to exclude its patentability under theEuropean law? Stem Cells 2007 December; 25(12): 30263028


Document 68 Caulfield, Timothy; Bubela, Tania; Murdoch, C.J. Myriad and the mass media: the covering of a gene patent controversy Genetics in Medicine 2007 December; 9(12): 850855





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Document 69 Urbanik, Julie Locating the transgenic landscape: animal biotechnology and politics of place in Massachusetts Geoforum 2007 November; 38(6): 12051218


Document 70 Watson, Rory Scientists welcome ruling on patent on breast cancer gene [news] BMJ: British Medical Journal 2007 October 13; 335(7623): 740741



Document 71 Klein, Roger D. Gene patents and genetic testing in the United States. As genetic testing moves into mainstream medicine,its restriction by gene patent holders will have farreaching, detrimental effects on the healthcare system. Nature Biotechnology 2007 September; 25(9): 989991


http://www.nature.com/nbt/ (link may be outdated)

Document 72 Resnik, David B. Embryonic stem cell patents and human dignity Health Care Analysis: An International Journal of Health Philosophy and Policy 2007 September; 15(3): 211222 Abstract: This article examines the assertion that human embryonic stem cells patents are immoral because theyviolate human dignity. After analyzing the concept of human dignity and its role in bioethics debates, this articleargues that patents on human embryos or totipotent embryonic stem cells violate human dignity, but that patents onpluripotent or multipotent stem cells do not. Since patents on pluripotent or multipotent stem cells may still threatenhuman dignity by encouraging people to treat embryos as property, patent agencies should carefully monitor andcontrol these patents to ensure that patents are not inadvertently awarded on embryos or totipotent stem cells.


Document 73 Holden, Constance Prominent researchers join the attack on stem cell patents [news] Science 2007 July 13; 317(5835): 187






http://www.bmj.com/



http://www.nature.com/nbt/





Document 74 Lucassen, Anneke; Clarke, Angus Should families own genetic information [debate] BMJ: British Medical Journal 2007 July 7; 335(7609): 2223



Document 75 Beyleveld, Deryck; Taylor, Mark J. Data protection, genetics and patents for biotechnology. European Journal of Health Law 2007 July; 14(2): 177187


Document 76 Webber, Philip M. The patenting of novel biotech products IDrugs: The Investigational Drugs Journal 2007 July; 10(7): 459462


Document 77 Aldhous, Peter Angry reception greets patent for synthetic life [news] New Scientist 2007 June 1622; 194(2608): 13


Document 78 Kaiser, Jocelyn Attempt to patent artificial organism draws a protest [news] Science 2007 June 15; 316(5831): 1557



Document 79 Cheney, Kenneth C. Patentability of stem cell research under TRIPS: can moralitybased exclusions be better defined byemerging customary international law? [comment] Loyola of Los Angeles International and Comparative Law Review 2007 Summer; 29(3): 503535




http://www.bmj.com/












Document 80 Calvert, Jane Patenting genomic objects: genes, genomes, function and information Science as Culture 2007 June; 16(2): 207223


Document 81 Hansson, Mats G.; Helgesson, Gert; Wessman, Richard; Jaenisch, Rudolf Commentary: isolated stem cells patentable as cultural artifacts? Stem Cells 2007 June; 25(6): 15071510 [Online]. Accessed: http://www.StemCells.com/cgi/content/full/25/6/1507[2007 December 3]


Document 82 Watts, Geoff The locked code BMJ:British Medical Journal 2007 May 19; 334(7602): 10321033



* Document 83 Goldman, Brian HER2 testing: the patent "genee" is out of the bottle [commentary] CMAJ/JAMC: Canadian Medical Association Journal 2007 May 8; 176(10): 1443 1444


http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/issues/144023/ (link may be outdated)

Document 84 Check, Erika Patenting the obvious? Nature 2007 May 3; 447(7140): 1617



* Document 85 Kahn, Jonathan The politics of patenting race: difference as a biotech resource GeneWatch 2007 MayJune; 20(3): 38







http://www.bmj.com/



http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/issues/144023/





http://www.councilforresponsiblegenetics.org/pageDocuments/J07GMVQKE1.pdf (link may be outdated)

Document 86 Salter, Brian Patenting, morality and human embryonic stem cell science: bioethics and cultural politics in Europe. Regenerative Medicine 2007 May; 2(3): 301311


Document 87 ACOG Committee Opinion. Number 364 May 2007. Patents, medicine, and the interests of patients Obstetrics and Gynecology 2007 May; 109(5): 12491254


Document 88 Holden, Constance U.S. Patent Office casts doubt on Wisconsin stem cell patents [news] Science 2007 April 13; 316(5822): 182



Document 89 Bergman, Karl; Graff, Gregory D. The global stem cell patent landscape: implications for efficient technology transfer and commercialdevelopment Nature Biotechnology 2007 April; 25(4): 419425


http://www.nature.com/nbt (link may be outdated)

Document 90 Schmidt, Charlie Negotiating the RNAi patent thicket Nature Biotechnology 2007 March; 25(3): 273275


http://www.nature.com/nbt (link may be outdated)

Document 91



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http://www.nature.com/nbt

United States. Congress. House A bill to amend title 35, United States Code, to prohibit the patenting of human genetic material Washington, DC: U.S. G.P.O., 2007. 15 p. [Online] Accessed: http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgibin/useftp.cgi?IPaddress=162.140.64.21&filename=h977ih.p df&directory=/diskb/wais/data/110_cong_bills [04 April 2007]

http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgibin/useftp.cgi?IPaddress=162.140.64.21&filename=h977ih.pdf&directory=/diskb/wais/data/110_cong_bills (link may be outdated)

Document 92 United States. Congress. House A bill to amend title 35, United States Code, to prohibit the patenting of human genetic material Washington, DC: U.S. G.P.O.; 2007. 2 p. [Online]. Accessed: http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgibin/useftp.cgi?IPaddress=162.140.64.21&filename=h977ih.p df&directory=/diskb/wais/data/110_cong_bills [2007 March 10]

http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgibin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=110_cong_bills&docid=f:h977ih.txt.pdf (link maybe outdated)

Document 93 Hopkins, Michael M.; Mahdi, Surya; Patel, Pari; Thomas, Sandy M. DNA patenting: the end of an era? Nature Biotechnology 2007 February; 25(2): 185188


http://www.nature.com/nbt/ (link may be outdated)

Document 94 Caruso, Denise Someone (other than you) may own your genes [oped] New York Times 2007 January 28; p. BU3


Document 95 Kintisch, Eli New cell rules [news] Science 2007 January 26; 315(5811): 449



Document 96 Memis, Tekin Debate on patentability of biotechnological studies in Turkey Revista de Derecho y Genoma Humano = Law and the Human Genome Review 2007 JanuaryJune; (26): 121135

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Document 97 Johnston, Josephine; Wasunna, Angela A. Patents, biomedical research, and treatments: examining concerns, canvassing solutions Hastings Center Report 2007 JanuaryFebruary; 37(1): S2S35


Document 98 Lenk, Christian; Hoppe, Nils; and Andorno, Roberto, eds. ETHICS AND LAW OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY: CURRENT PROBLEMS IN POLITICS, SCIENCE, ANDTECHNOLOGY Aldershot, England/Malden, MA: Ashgate, 2007. 292 p. Call number: K1401 .E85 2007

Document 99 MartinRendon, Enca; Blake, Derek J. Patenting human genes and stem cells. Recent Patents on DNA and Gene Sequences 2007; 1(1): 2534


Document 100 Abbott, Frederick M. Patents, biotechnology and human rights: the preservation of biodiverse resources for future generations In: Francioni, Francesco, ed. Biotechnologies and International Human Rights. Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2007: 315331 Call number: K3925 .B56 B558 2007

Document 101 OdellWest, Amanda Preimplantation genetic diagnosis, the 'medical exclusion' and the biotechnology directive Medical Law International 2007; 8(3): 239250


Document 102 Michaeli, Dov The great gene grab, or, who owns your and my genes? MedGenMed: Medscape General Medicine 2007; 9(2): 64



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Document 103 Schrell, Andreas; Bauser, Herbert; Brunner, Herwig Biotechnology patenting policy in the European Union as exemplified by the development in Germany Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology 2007; 107: 1339


Document 104 Gillett, Grant; McKergow, Felicity Genes, ownership, and indigenous reality Social Science and Medicine 2007; 65(10): 20932104


Document 105 Hoppe, Nils Out of touch: from corporeal to incorporeal, or Moore revisited In: Lenk, Christian; Hoppe, Nils; Andorno, Roberto, eds. Ethics and Law of Intellectual Property: Current Problems inPolitics, Science and Technology. Aldershot, Hampshire, England; Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2007: 199210 Call number: K1401 .E85 2007

Document 106 WilliamsJones, Bryn; Ozdemir, Vural Enclosing the "knowledge commons": patenting genes for disease risk and drug response at the universityindustry interface In: Lenk, Christian; Hoppe, Nils; Andorno, Roberto, eds. Ethics and Law of Intellectual Property: Current Problems inPolitics, Science and Technology. Aldershot, Hampshire, England; Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2007: 137158 Call number: K1401 .E85 2007

Document 107 Oriola, Taiwo A. Genes for sale: ethical reflections on donors' proprietary rights in human genetic derivatives In: Gunning, Jennifer; Holm, Søren, eds. Ethics, Law and Society. Volume III. Aldershot, Hants, England;Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2007: 159185 Call number: BJ1581.2 .E85 2007 v. 3

Document 108 Kang, Hyo Yoon Identifying John Moore: narratives of persona in patent law relating to inventions of human origin In: Glasner, Peter; Atkinson, Paul; Greenslade, Helen, eds. New Genetics, New Social Formations. London; NewYork: Routledge, 2007: 138154 Call number: QH438.7 .N499 2007

Document 109 Sulmasy, Daniel P.







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Who owns the human genome? In: Monsour, H. Daniel, ed. Ethics and the New Genetics: An Integrated Approach. Toronto: University of TorontoPress, 2007: 123133 Call number: QH438.7 .E838 2007

Document 110 Greif, Karen F.; Merz, Jon F. Who owns the genome? The patenting of human genes; Who owns life? Mr. Moore's spleen; The Canavandisease case In their: Current Controversies in the Biological Sciences: Case Studies of Policy Challenges from NewTechnologies. Cambridge, MA: MIT, 2007: 4976 Call number: R850 .G74 2007

Document 111 Singeo, Lindsey The patentability of the native Hawaiian genome American Journal of Law and Medicine 2007; 33(1): 119139


Document 112 Abbott, Alison Stemcell technique 'contrary to public order' [news] Nature 2006 December 14; 442(7121): 799



* Document 113 Hamilton, Chris Biodiversity, biopiracy and benefits: what allegations of biopiracy tell us about intellectual property Developing World Bioethics 2006 December; 6(3): 158173 Abstract: This paper examines the concept of biopiracy, which initially emerged to challenge various aspects of theregime for intellectual property rights (IPR) in living organisms, as well as related aspects pertaining to the ownershipand apportioning of benefits from 'genetic resources' derived from the world's biodiversity. This paper proposes thatwe take the allegation of biopiracy seriously due to the impact it has as an intervention which indexes a number ofdifferent, yet interrelated, problematizations of biodiversity, biotechnology and IPR. Using the neem tree case as anexample, it describes activists' use of the term as one that involves a deliberate simplification of science and IPR.Additionally, it argues that in so doing, biopiracy is positioned as a touchstone that mobilizes actors and problems,and ultimately generates 'solutions' to the very challenges it creates. The paper will also encourage a view ofbiopiracy claims that does not always treat them simply as claims of theft, or as a misallocation of benefits, butrather as claims that are designed to raise broader questions about the IPR system itself. It concludes byadvocating that, in order to properly understand how to address biopiracy, we must be prepared to move beyond thecurrent narrow readings to develop a more complete picture of the term's influence in challenging how, and by whom,the decisions about what is natural and what is invented come to be made.


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Document 114 Görg, Christoph; Brand, Ulrich Contested regimes in the international political economy: global regulation of genetic resources and theinternationalization of the state Global Environmental Politics 2006 November; 6(4): 101123


Document 115 Caulfield, Timothy; Einsiedel, Edna; Merz, Jon F.; Nicol, Dianne Trust, patents and public perceptions: the governance of controversial biotechnology research Nature Biotechnology 2006 November; 24(11): 13521354


Document 116 Kahn, Jonathan Patenting race Nature Biotechnology 2006 November; 24(11): 13491357


Document 117 Mullen, Caroline Mapping the ethical frontiers for patents in biotechnology. Journal International de Bioéthique = International Journal of Bioethics 2006 September; 17(3): 2938


Document 118 Caulfield, Timothy; CookDeegan, Robert M.; Kieff, F. Scott; Walsh, John P. Evidence and anecdotes: an analysis of human gene patenting controversies Nature Biotechnology 2006 September; 24(9): 10911094


Document 119 Oldham, Paul; Cutter, Anthony Mark Mapping global status and trends in patent activity for biological and genetic material Genomics, Society and Policy 2006 August; 2(2): 6291 Abstract: The extension of intellectual property rights into the realm of biology has emerged as an increasing focusof controversy in relation to science, biodiversity, agriculture, health, development, human rights and trade. Thispaper presents the results of a review of international trends in activity for patent protection between 19902000 andprovisional data to 2004 and 2005 from over 70 national patent offices, four regional patent offices and the WorldIntellectual Property Organisation (WIPO) using the European Patent Office esp@cenet worldwide database. Thereview employed patent publication counts as an indicator of activity for traditional medicines, pharmaceuticals,











agriculture, and biotechnology. The research provides insights into the internationalisation of patent activity inmultiple areas of biology. The review emphasises the need to combine the further development of quantitativemethods with qualitative analysis of the implications of international patent activity in relation to biological andgenetic material for science, society and policy.



Document 120 Taymor, Kenneth S.; Scott, Christopher Thomas; Greely, Henry T. The paths around stem cell intellectual property Nature Biotechnology 2006 April; 24(4): 411413


Document 121 Simon, Jürgen Biotechnology and law: biotechnology patents. Special considerations on the inventions with humanmaterial Revista de Derecho y Genoma Humano = Law and the Human Genome Review 2006 JulyDecember; (25): 139159


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Document 122 Porter, Gerard; Denning, Chris; Plomer, Aurora; Sinden, John; Torremans, Paul The patentability of human embryonic stem cells in Europe Nature Biotechnology 2006 June; 24(6): 653655


Document 123 Greenfield, Debra L. Greenberg v. Miami Children's Hospital: unjust enrichment and the patenting of human genetic material Annals of Health Law 2006 Summer; 15(2): 213249


Document 124 Franchitto, N.; Gavarri, L; Telmon, N.; Rougé, D. Comment on the provisions of the French laws of 6 August 2004 and 8 December 2004 relative to theprotection of genetic inventions Medicine and Law: The World Association for Medical Law 2006 June; 25(2): 379387 Abstract: The question of gene patentability has raised some opposition in France. Too broad a definition of therights conferred by patent would hamper the development of research. The French legislature strictly defined geneticinventions in the Laws of 6 August 2004 and 8 December 2004. Exclusivity of use applies only to the function or








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functions precisely described in the patent application. Potential abusive use of rights by the holder of the patent hasalso been addressed through reinforcement of the provisions of the Code of Intellectual Property to combat suchabuse. The Laws we discuss smooth the way to the granting of dependency licenses and broaden the field ofapplication of ex officio licenses. The French legislature has achieved satisfactory balance between the legalprotection of genetic inventions necessary to finance research, and the free circulation of scientific knowledgeindispensable for medical progress.


Document 125 Weeden, Jeffrey Lawrence Genetic liberty, genetic property: protecting genetic information [note] Ave Maria Law Review 2006 Summer; 4(2): 611664


Document 126 Caulfield, Timothy; von Tigerstrom, Barbara Gene patents, health care policy and licensing schemes Trends in Biotechnology 2006 June; 24(6): 251254


* Document 127 Brody, Baruch Intellectual property and biotechnology: the U.S. internal experience Part II Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal 2006 June; 16(2): 105128 Abstract: Continuing the discussion begun in the March 2006 issue of the Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal, thispaper further documents the failure of the United States to adequately consider possible modifications in thetraditional robust system of intellectual property rights as applied to biotechnology. It discusses concretesuggestions for alternative disclosure requirements, for exemptions for research tools, and for improved access toclinical advances. In each of these cases, the modifications might be more responsive to the full set of relevantvalues.


Document 128 van Zimmeren, Esther; Verbeure, Brigit; Matthijs, Gert; Van Overwalle, Geertrui A clearing house for diagnostic testing: the solution to ensure access to and use of patented geneticinventions? Bulletin of the World Health Organization 2006 May; 84(5): 352359


Document 129 Dutfield, Graham DNA patenting: implications for public health research Bulletin of the World Health Organization 2006 May; 84(5): 388392












Document 130 Rutz, Berthold; Yeats, Siobhan Patents: patenting of stem cell related inventions in Europe Biotechnology Journal 2006 April; 1(4): 384387


* Document 131 ShraderFrechette, Kristin Gene patents and Lockean constraints Public Affairs Quarterly 2006 April; 20(2): 135161


Document 132 Einsenberg, Rebecca S. Biotech patents: looking backward while moving forward Nature Biotechnology 2006 March; 24(3): 317319


* Document 133 Heathcotte, Brock; Robert, Jason Scott The strange case of the humanzee patent quest National Catholic Bioethics Quarterly 2006 Spring; 6(1): 5159


Document 134 Nunnally, Allen C. Intellectual property perspectives in pharmacogenomics Jurimetrics 2006 Spring; 46(3): 249262


* Document 135 Brody, Baruch Intellectual property and biotechnology: the U.S. internal experience Part I Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal 2006 March; 16(1): 137 Abstract: In the development of biotechnology in the United States, many questions were raised about theappropriateness of applying to this area a traditional robust system of intellectual property rights. Despite thesehesitations, the U.S. rejected suggested modifications. This was a mistake, and there is a need to develop amodified system that promotes more of the relevant ethical values.














Document 136 Rabin, Sander The human use of humanoid beings: chimeras and patent law Nature Biotechnology 2006 May; 24(5): 517519


Document 137 Van Overwalle, Geertrui; van Zimmeren, Esther; Verbeure, Birgit; Matthijs, Gert Models for facilitating access to patents on genetic inventions Nature Reviews Genetics 2006 February; 7(2): 143148


Document 138 Paradise, Jordan; Janson, Christopher Decoding the research exemption Nature Reviews Genetics 2006 February; 7(2): 148154


* Document 139 Stix, Gary Owning the stuff of life Scientific American 2006 February; 294(2): 7683


Document 140 Pressman, Lori; Burgess, Richard; CookDeegan, Robert M.; McCormack, Stephen J.; NamiWolk, Io; Soucy,Melissa; Walters, LeRoy The licensing of DNA patents by U.S. academic institutions: an empirical survey Nature Biotechnology 2006 January; 24(1): 3139 Supported by: NHGRIfunded publication; Grant 1 R03 HG02683


* Document 141 Angrist, Misha; CookDeegan, Robert M. Who owns the genome? New Atlantis 2006 Winter; 11: 8796
















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Document 142 National Research Council (United States). Committee on Intellectual Property Rights in Genomic and ProteinResearch and Innovation REAPING THE BENEFITS OF GENOMIC AND PROTEOMIC RESEARCH: INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS,INNOVATION, AND PUBLIC HEALTH Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 2006. 171 p. Call number: QH447 .R43 2006

http://www.nap.edu (link may be outdated)

Document 143 Jaenichen, HansRainer; McDonell, Leslie A.; Haley, James F.; and Hosoda, Yoshinori FROM CLONES TO CLAIMS: THE EUROPEAN PATENT OFFICE'S CASE LAW ON THE PATENTABILITY OFBIOTECHNOLOGY INVENTIONS IN COMPARISON TO THE UNITED STATES AND JAPANESE PRACTICE Cologne: Carl Heymanns, 2006. 881 p. Call number: KJC2751 .B56 J34 2006

Document 144 Baird, Melanie When and why does what belong to whom? A proposed model for the international protection of humandonors of biological material CanadaUnited States Law Journal 2006; 32: 331352


Document 145 Kahn, Jonathan Raceing patents/patenting race: an emerging political geography of intellectual property in biotechnology Iowa Law Review 20062007; 92: 353416


Document 146 Baumgartner, Christoph; Mieth, Dietmar Biopatentierung. Ziele, Probleme und ethische Aspekte In: Hilpert, Konrad; Mieth, Dietmar , eds. Kriterien biomedizinischer Ethik: Theologische Beiträge zumgesellschaftlichen Diskurs. Freiburg: Herder, 2006: 275292 Call number: R725.56 .K76 2006

Document 147 Matthijs, Gert The European opposition against the BRCA gene patents Familial Cancer 2006; 5(1): 95102

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Document 148 Baumgartner, Christoph Exclusion by inclusion? On difficulties with regard to an effective ethical assessment of patenting in the fieldof agricultural biotechnology Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 2006; 19(6): 521539


Document 149 Caulfield, Timothy; von Tigerstrom, Barbara Globalization and biotechnology policy: the challenges created by gene patents and cloning technologies In: Bennett, Belinda; Tomossy, George F., eds. Globalization and Health: Challenges for Health Law and Bioethics.Dordrecht: Springer, 2006: 129149 Call number: RA441 .G5624 2006

Document 150 DeaneDrummond, Celia Gene patenting In her: Genetics and Christian Ethics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006: 160190 Call number: QH438.7 .D43 2006

Document 151 Caulfield, Timothy Stem cell patents and social controversy: a speculative view from Canada Medical Law International 2006; 7(3): 219232


* Document 152 Curley, Duncan; Sharples, Andrew Ethical questions to ponder in the European stem cell patent debate Journal of Biolaw and Business 2006; 9(3): 1216


Document 153 Chin, Andrew Research in the shadow of DNA patents Journal of the Patent and Trademark Office Society 2005 November; 87(11): 846906






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* Document 154 Jensen, Kyle; Murray, Fiona Intellectual property landscape of the human genome Science 2005 October 14; 310(5746): 239240



* Document 155 Parthasarathy, Shobita The patent is political: the consequences of patenting the BRCA genes in Britain Community Genetics 2005 October; 8(4): 235242


* Document 156 Nicol, Dianne Balancing innovation and access to healthcare through the patent system an Australian perspective Community Genetics 2005 October; 8(4): 228234


* Document 157 Caulfield, Timothy Policy conflicts: gene patents and health care in Canada Community Genetics 2005 October; 8(4): 223227


* Document 158 Leute, Kirsten Patenting and licensing of universitybased genetic inventions a view from experience at StanfordUniversity's Office of Technology Licensing Community Genetics 2005 October; 8(4): 217222


* Document 159 Nunnally, Allen C.; Webster, Christopher J.; Brown, Scott A.; Cohen, Gary A. Genetic patent protection in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries Community Genetics 2005 October; 8(4): 209216















* Document 160 Merz, Jon F.; Cho, Mildred K. What are gene patents and why are people worried about them? Community Genetics 2005 October; 8(4): 203208


* Document 161 Gottweis, Herbert Governing genomics in the 21st century: between risk and uncertainty New Genetics and Society 2005 August; 24(2): 175193


* Document 162 Plomer, Aurora European patent law and ethics [editorial] Drug Discovery Today 2005 July 15; 10(14): 947948


* Document 163 Abbott, Alison Genetic patent singles out Jewish women [news] Nature 2005 July 7; 436(7047): 12



* Document 164 SiegelItzkovich, Judy Israeli doctors want to stop European patent for genetic test [news] BMJ: British Medical Journal 2005 July 2; 331(7507): 8



Document 165 European Society of Human Genetics [ESHG] EPO upholds limited patent on BRCA2 gene: singling out an ethnic group is a 'dangerous precedent' saysEuropean Society of Human Genetics Vienna, Austria: European Society of Human Genetics, 2005 July 1: 2 p. [Online]. Accessed:http://www.eshg.org/ESHGPressRelease01July2005.pdf [2007 February 8]

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* Document 166 Marshall, Eliot BRCA2 claim faces new challenge [news] Science 2005 June 24; 308(5730): 1851



Document 167 European Society of Human Genetics [ESHG] Geneticists oppose singling out Jewish women in European breast cancer patent [press release] Vienna, Austria: European Society of Human Genetics, 2005 June 15: 3 p. [Online]. Accessed:http://www.eshg.org/PressReleaseESHG15062005.pdf [2007 February 8]

http://www.eshg.org/PressReleaseESHG15062005.pdf (link may be outdated)

* Document 168 Paradise, Jordan; Andrews, Lori; Holbrook, Timothy Patents on human genes: an analysis of scope and claims Science 2005 March 11; 307(5715): 15661567



Document 169 Morneault, Monique Cloning issues and the current patent systems in the United States and Europe New England Law Review 2005 Spring; 39(3): 523526


Document 170 Bagley, Margo A. Stem cells, cloning and patents: what's morality got to do with it? New England Law Review 2005 Spring; 39(3): 501509


* Document 171 Weiss, Rick U.S. denies patent for a toohuman hybrid: scientist sought legal precedent to keep others from profitingfrom similar "inventions" Washington Post 2005 February 13; p. A3




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* Document 172 Abbott, Alison Europe pares down double patents on breastcancer gene [news] Nature 2005 January 27; 433(7024): 344



* Document 173 Andrews, Lori B.; Paradise, Jordan Gene patents: the need for bioethics scrutiny and legal change Yale Journal of Health Policy, Law, and Ethics 2005 Winter; 5(1): 403412


* Document 174 Spier, Raymond Observations on a meeting on the ethics of intellectual property rights and patents Science and Engineering Ethics 2005 January; 11(1): 151158


* Document 175 Crespi, R. Stephen Ethicolegal issues in biomedicine patenting: a patent professional viewpoint Science and Engineering Ethics 2005 January; 11(1): 117136


* Document 176 Witek, Rafal Ethics and patentability in biotechnology Science and Engineering Ethics 2005 January; 11(1): 105111


* Document 177 Zimmer, FranzJosef; Sethmann, Svenja The immoral gene: does it really exist? Science and Engineering Ethics 2005 January; 11(1): 97104


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* Document 178 Jorgensen, Henrik and Lykkeskov, Anne, eds. Danish Council of Ethics = Det Etiske Råd CONFERENCE REPORT AND SUMMARIES: THE ETHICS OF PATENTING HUMAN GENES AND STEM CELLS Copenhagen: Danish Council of Ethics, 2005. 159 p. Call number: QH438.7 .C66 2005

http://www.etiskraad.dk/sw293.asp (link may be outdated)

Document 179 Naimark, Arnold and Yamada, Ron Canadian Biotechnology Advisory Committee. Expert Working Party on Human Genetic Materials, IntellectualProperty and the Health Sector = Comité consultatif canadien de la biotechnologie. Rapport du Groupe de travaild'experts sur la matériel génétique humain, la propriété intellectuelle et le secteur de la santé HUMAN GENETIC MATERIALS: MAKING CANADA'S INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY REGIME WORK FOR THEHEALTH OF CANADIANS: REPORT OF THE EXPERT WORKING PARTY ON HUMAN GENETIC MATERIALS,INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND THE HEALTH SECTOR = MATÉRIEL GÉNÉTIQUE HUMAIN: METTRE LERÉGIME CANADIEN DE PROPRIÉTÉ INTELLECTUELLE AU SERVICE DE LA SANTÉ DES CANADIENS Ottawa: Canadian Biotechnology Advisory Council, 2005. [68 p. + 77 p.] Call number: KE2943 .B56 H863 2005

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Document 180 Nationaler Ethikrat THE PATENTING OF BIOTECHNOLOGICAL INVENTIONS INVOLVING THE USE OF BIOLOGICAL MATERIALOF HUMAN ORIGIN: OPINION Berlin: German National Ethics Council, 2005. 40 p. Call number: TP248.175 .Z813 2005

* Document 181 World Health Organization. Human Genetics Programme GENETICS, GENOMICS AND THE PATENTING OF DNA: REVIEW OF POTENTIAL IMPLICATIONS FORHEALTH IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES Geneva: World Health Organization, 2005. 82 p. Call number: K3611 .G46 S65 2005

* Document 182 Mills, Oliver BIOTECHNOLOGICAL INVENTIONS: MORAL RESTRAINTS AND PATENT LAW Aldershot, Hants/Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2005. 195 p. Call number: K1519 .B54 M55 2005

Document 183 Tutton, Richard; Kerr, Anne; CunninghamBurley, Sarah Myriad stories: constructing expertise and citizenship in discussions of the new genetics

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In: Leach, Melissa; Scoones, Ian; Wynne, Brian, eds. Science and Citizens: Globalization and the Challenge ofEngagement. London; New York: Zed Books, 2005: 101112 Call number: QH333 .S365 2005

Document 184 Harris, Ronald C. Human embryonic stem cell patents in the USA In: Jochemsen, Henk, ed. Human Stem Cells: Source of Hope and of Controversy: A Study of the Ethics of HumanStem Cell Research and the Patenting of Related Inventions. Chicago: Bioethics Press, 2005: 129160 Call number: QH588 .S83 H85 2005

Document 185 Meir, Asher Who owns my ideas about your body?: steps toward a humane intellectual property regime for human stemcells and other human tissues In: Jochemsen, Henk, ed. Human Stem Cells: Source of Hope and of Controversy: A Study of the Ethics of HumanStem Cell Research and the Patenting of Related Inventions. Chicago: Bioethics Press, 2005: 99127 Call number: QH588 .S83 H85 2005

Document 186 Lee, Keekok Biotechnology and patentability In her: Philosophy and Revolutions in Genetics: Deep Science and Deep Technology. Basingstroke: PalgraveMacmillan, 2005: 145182 Call number: QH438.7 .L44 2005

Document 187 Hubicki, Stephen; Sherman, Brad The killing fields: intellectual property and genetic use restriction technologies University of New South Wales Law Journal 2005; 28(3): 740757


* Document 188 Garforth, Kathryn Health care and access to patented technologies Health Law Journal 2005; 13: 7797


* Document 189 Straus, Joseph Patents on biomateriala new colonialism or a means for technology transfer and benefitsharing? In: Thiele, F.; Ashcroft, R.E., eds. Bioethics in a Small World. Berlin: Springer; 2005: 4572. Call number: QH332 .B498 2005

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* Document 190 King, Jonathan; Stabinsky, Doreen Life patents undermind the exchange of technology and scientific ideas. In: Krimsky, Sheldon; Shorett, Peter, eds. Rights and Liberties in the Biotech Age: Why We Need a Genetic Bill ofRights. Lanhan: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers; 2005: 4954. Call number: TP248.23 .R55 2005

* Document 191 Shand, Hope New enclosures: why civil society and governments should look beyond life patents. In: Krimsky, Sheldon; Shorett, Peter, eds. Rights and Liberties in the Biotech Age: Why We Need a Genetic Bill ofRights. Lanhan: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers; 2005: 4048. Call number: TP248.23 .R55 2005

* Document 192 Albright, Matthew Life patents and democratic values. In: Krimsky, Sheldon; Shorett, Peter, eds. Rights and Liberties in the Biotech Age: Why We Need a Genetic Bill ofRights. Lanhan: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers; 2005: 2939. Call number: TP248.23 .R55 2005

* Document 193 Bhutkar, Arjun Synthetic biology: navigating the challenges ahead Journal of Biolaw and Business 2005; 8(2): 1929


* Document 194 Matthijs, Gert Patenting genes: may slow down innovation, and delay availability of cheaper genetic tests [editorial] BMJ: British Medical Journal 2004 December 11; 329(7479): 13581360



* Document 195 Lee, Peter Patents, paradigm shifts, and progress in biomedical science Yale Law Journal 2004 December; 114(3): 659695


* Document 196

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http://www.bmj.com/



Calvert, Jane Genomic patenting and the utility requirement New Genetics and Society 2004 December; 23(3): 301312


* Document 197 Hinojosa, John Paul The human genome, property of all: opportunities under the ALRC inquiry into gene patenting and humanhealth Sydney Law Review 2004 September; 26(3): 447455


* Document 198 Marshall, Eliot Patient advocate named coinventor on patent for the PXE disease gene [news] Science 2004 August 27; 305(5688): 1226



* Document 199 Girsberger, Martin A. Transparency measures under patent law regarding genetic resources and traditional knowledge: disclosureof source and evidence of prior informed consent and benefitsharing Journal of World Intellectual Property 2004 July; 7(4): 451489


* Document 200 Lekovic, Gregory P. Genetic diagnosis and intellectual property rights: a proposal to amend "the Physician Immunity Statute" Yale Journal of Health Policy, Law, and Ethics 2004 Summer; 4(2): 275304


* Document 201 Faye, David J. Bioprospecting, genetic patenting and indigenous populations: challenges under a restructured informationcommons Journal of World Intellectual Property 2004 May; 7(3): 401428















* Document 202 Smith, Richard D.; Thorsteinsdottir, Halla; Daar, Abdallah S.; Gold, E. Richard; Singer, Peter A. Genomics knowledge and equity: a global public goods perspective of the patent system Bulletin of the World Health Organization 2004 May; 82(5): 385389


http://whqlibdoc.who.int/bulletin/2004/Vol82No5/bulletin_2004_82(5)_385389.pdf (link may be outdated)

* Document 203 Suter, Sonia M. Disentangling privacy from property: toward a deeper understanding of genetic privacy George Washington Law Review 2004 April; 72(4): 737814


* Document 204 Malakoff, David NIH roils academe with advice on licensing DNA patents [news] Science 2004 March 19; 303(5665): 17571758



Document 205 Hakki, Murat Metin European Directive on the Legal Protection of Biotechnological Inventions: scope, status and controversiesin a nutshell E Law: Murdoch University Electronic Journal of Law 2004 March; 11(1): 31 p. [Online]. Accessed:http://www.murdoch.edu.au/elaw/issues/v11n1/hakki_text111.html [2006 August 2]

http://www.murdoch.edu.au/elaw/indices/issue/ (link may be outdated)

Document 206 WarrenJones, Amanda Patenting DNA: a lot of controversy over a little intangibility Medical Law Review 2004 Spring; 12(1): 97124


* Document 207 Ho, Cynthia M. Who deserves the patent pot of gold?: an inquiry into the proper inventorship of patientbased discoveries DePaul Journal of Health Care Law 2004 Spring; 7(2): 185243




http://whqlibdoc.who.int/bulletin/2004/Vol82-No5/bulletin_2004_82(5)_385-389.pdf






http://www.murdoch.edu.au/elaw/indices/issue/





* Document 208 Mayor, Susan Charity makes cancer gene freely available across Europe [news] BMJ: British Medical Journal 2004 February 21; 328(7437): 423



* Document 209 Ong, Burton T. Patenting the biological bounty: reexamining the status of organic inventions as patentable subject matter Marquette Intellectual Property Law Review 2004 Winter; 8(1): 162


* Document 210 Dutfield, Graham INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY, BIOGENETIC RESOURCES AND TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE London/Sterling, VA: Earthscan, 2004. 258 p. Call number: SB123.3 .D879 2004

Document 211 Grubb, Philip W. PATENTS FOR CHEMICALS, PHARMACEUTICALS AND BIOTECHNOLOGY: FUNDAMENTALS OF GLOBALLAW, PRACTICE AND STRATEGY Oxford/New York: Oxford University Press, 2004. 511 p. Call number: T211 .G76 2004

* Document 212 Resnik, David B. OWNING THE GENOME: A MORAL ANALYSIS OF DNA PATENTING Albany: State University of New York Press, 2004. 235 p. Call number: KF3133 .B56 R47 2004

Document 213 Albright, Matthew PROFITS PENDING: HOW LIFE PATENTS REPRESENT THE BIGGEST SWINDLE OF THE 21ST CENTURY Monroe, ME: Common Courage Press, 2004. 233 p. Call number: RB155 .A387 2004

* Document 214 Rai, Arti K.



http://www.bmj.com/



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The increasingly proprietary nature of publicly funded biomedical research: benefits and threats In: Stein, Donald G., ed. Buying In or Selling Out?: The Commercialization of the American Research University.New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2004: 117126 Call number: LB2326.3 .B89 2004

Document 215 Resnik, David B. The human genome: common resource but not common heritage In: Korthals, Michiel; Bogers, Robert J., eds. Ethics for Life Scientists. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer, 2004:197210 Call number: QH331 .E712 2004

Document 216 Straus, Joseph Patentierung von Leben? In: Schreiber, HansPeter, ed. Biomedizin und Ethik: Praxis, Recht, Moral. Basel; Boston: Birkhäuser, 2004: 5055 Call number: R724 .B576 2004

Document 217 Bertomeu, Maria Julia; Sommer, Susana E. Patents on genetic material: a new originary accumulation. In: Tong, Rosemarie; Donchin, Anne; Dodds, Susan, eds. Linking Visions: Feminist Bioethics, Human Rights, andthe Developing World. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers; 2004: 183201. Call number: R724 .L55 2004

* Document 218 Spinello, Richard A. Property rights in genetic information Ethics and Information Technology 2004; 6(1): 2942


* Document 219 Tischauser, Leslie V.; Ness, Bryan Patents on lifeforms. In: Ness, Bryan D., ed. Encyclopedia of Genetics. Revised edition. Volume II. Pasadena, CA: Salem Press; 2004:594596. Call number: QH427 .E53 2004 v.2

* Document 220 Beadle, Libby Selling the stem cell short? An assessment of the patentability of the results of human stem cell research inNew Zealand Canterbury Law Review 2004; 10: 135


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* Document 221 EPO [European Patent Office] Opposition Division Patentability of test animals the British Union for the abolition of vivisection et al. v. the President andFellows of Harvard College "OncoMouse" International Review of Intellectual Property and Competition Law 2004; 35(1): 7278


* Document 222 Putnam, Jonathan D. Costs and benefits of genomics patents American Journal of Pharmacogenomics 2004; 4(5): 277292


* Document 223 Law, Grace S.; Marles, Jennifer A. Monsanto v. Schmeiser: patent protection for genetically modified genes and cells in Canada Health Law Review 2004; 13(1): 4447


* Document 224 Radder, Hans Exploiting abstract possibilities: a critique of the concept and practice of product patenting Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 2004; 17(3): 275291


* Document 225 Brainard, Jeffrey Bill to ban patents on human organisms nears congressional approval Chronicle of Higher Education 2003 December 5; 50(15): A17


* Document 226 Caulfield, Timothy Gene patents, human clones, and biotechnology policy: the challenges created by globalization Alberta Law Review 2003 December; 41(3): 713724


* Document 227













Eisenberg, Rebecca S. Patents, product exclusivity, and information dissemination: how law directs biopharmaceutical researchand development Fordham Law Review 2003 December; 72(3): 477491


* Document 228 Bagley, Margo A. Patent first, ask questions later: morality and biotechnology in patent law William and Mary Law Review 2003 December; 45(2): 469547


Document 229 Special Issue FORUM TTN 2003 November; 10: 152 Call number: Special Issue shelf

* Document 230 Lenoir, Noelle Patentability of life and ethics Comptes Rendus Biologies 2003 OctoberNovember; 326(1011): 11271134


* Document 231 Human Genome Organisation [HUGO]. Ethics Committee Statement on the scope of gene patents, research exemption, and licensing of patented gene sequences fordiagnostics Journal International de Bioethique / International Journal of Bioethics 2003 SeptemberDecember; 14(34): 201205


* Document 232 Henry, Michelle R.; Cho, Mildred K.; Weaver, Meredith A.; Merz, Jon F. A pilot survey on the licensing on DNA inventions Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 2003 Fall; 31(3): 442449


* Document 233 Smith, Andrew R. Monsters at the patent office: the inconsistent conclusions of moral utility and the controversy of humancloning DePaul Law Review 2003 Fall; 53(1): 159203





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* Document 234 Askland, Andrew Patenting genes: a fast and furious primer International Journal of Applied Philosophy 2003 Fall; 17(2): 267275


* Document 235 Walpole, Ian R.; Dawkins, Hugh J.S.; Sinden, Peter D.; O'Leary, Peter C. Human gene patents: the possible impacts on genetic services healthcare [opinion] Medical Journal of Australia 2003 August 18; 179(4): 203205


* Document 236 Kerr, Anne Governing genetics: reifying choice and progress New Genetics and Society 2003 August; 22(2): 111126


* Document 237 Resnik, David B. Are DNA patents bad for medicine? Health Policy 2003 August; 65(2): 181197


* Document 238 Van Overwalle, Geertrui Biopatents, law and ethics. Critical analysis of the EU Biotechnology Directive Revista de Derecho y Genoma Humano / Law and the Human Genome Review 2003 JulyDecember; (19): 187203


http://wwwderecho.unex.es/biblioteca/Sumarios/genoma.htm (link may be outdated)

* Document 239 Gold, E. Richard SARS genome patent: symptom or disease? [opinion] Lancet 2003 June 14; 361(9374): 20022003














http://www-derecho.unex.es/biblioteca/Sumarios/genoma.htm



http://www.thelancet.com/journal (link may be outdated)

* Document 240 Cunningham, Paige Comstock Is it right or is it useful? Patenting the human gene, Lockean property rights, and the erosion of the ImagoDei Ethics and Medicine 2003 Summer; 19(2): 8598


* Document 241 Resnik, David B. Patents on humananimal chimeras and threats to human dignity American Journal of Bioethics 2003 Summer; 3(3): 3536


http://bioethics.net (link may be outdated)

* Document 242 Kluge, EikeHenner W. Patenting human genes: when economic interests trump logic and ethics Health Care Analysis: An International Journal of Health Philosophy and Policy 2003 June; 11(2): 119130 Abstract: To date, over 5,000 applications have been filed with United States Patent Office for patents on humangenes. More than 1,500 of these applications have been granted. Other jurisdictions are experiencing a similar rushto mine and protect genomic gold. This paper argues that although many jurisdictions allow the patenting of humangenes, this is ethically indefensible and amounts to an unjustified appropriation of a general human heritage.Economic and legal arguments in favour of patenting are considered and rejected. Reference is made to theWellcome Trust Consortium's initiative and the Merck Gene Index Project, which place patented genetic informationinto the public domain.


* Document 243 United States. District Court, Southern District of Florida Greenberg v. Miami Children's Hospital Research Institute [Date of Decision: 2003 May 29] Federal Supplement, 2d Series, 2003; 264: 10641078 Abstract: Court Decision: 264 Federal Supplement, 2d Series 1064; 2003 May 29 (date of decision). Plaintiffs in thiscase were a group of parents of children afflicted with Canavan disease, who provided tissue for research on thedisease and aided in identification of other affected families, and three nonprofit organizations that had developed aconfidential database and Canavan disease registry. The defendants were physicianresearcher Reuben Matalon,who isolated and patented the Canavan gene sequence and developed genetic screening tests for it, and the Miamifacilities where he did his research. The U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Florida dismissed several ofthe plaintiffs' claims, including lack of informed consent, breach of fiduciary duty, fraudulent concealment of thepatent, and misappropriation of trade secrets. However, the court upheld the claim of unjust enrichment made by thedonors of tissue, on the grounds that "the facts paint a picture of a continuing research collaboration that involvedPlaintiffs also investing time and significant resources.

http://www.thelancet.com/journal





http://bioethics.net/



* Document 244 Gene patents and the public good: a race to claim patents on the SARS virus raises questions about thepatent system's ability to cope with genomics [editorial] Nature 2003 May 15; 423(6937): 207



* Document 245 Dennis, Carina Geneticists question fees for use of patented `junk' DNA [news] Nature 2003 May 8; 423(6936): 105



* Document 246 Thompson, Richard E. Does patenting genes change the meaning of life? Physician Executive 2003 MayJune; 29(3): 4042


* Document 247 Patenting pieces of people [editorial] Nature Biotechnology 2003 April; 21(4): 341


* Document 248 Budds, Brian Toward a just model of alienability of human tissue University of San Francisco Law Review 2003 Spring; 37(3): 757782


Document 249 Bostyn, S.J.R. The prodigal son: the relationship between patent law and health care Medical Law Review 2003 Spring; 11(1): 67120
















* Document 250 Sevilla, Christine; JulianReynier, Claire; Eisinger, Francois; StoppaLyonnet, Dominique; Bressacde Paillerets,Brigitte; Sobol, Hagay; Moatti, JeanPaul Impact of gene patents on the costeffective delivery of care: the case of BRCA1 genetic testing International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 2003 Spring; 19(2): 287300


* Document 251 Robertson, John A. Patentability and higher life forms Nature Reviews Genetics 2003 March; 4(3): 162



* Document 252 Knowles, Lori P. Of mice and men: patenting the oncomouse Hastings Center Report 2003 MarchApril; 33(2): 67


Document 253 Ernhofer, Ken Ownership of genes at stake in potential lawsuit: a Canadian province is challenging an American firm'sclaim to human genes [news] Christian Science Monitor 2003 February 2; p.7 [Online]. Accessed: http://www.csmonitor.com/2003/0227/p07s03woam.html# [2009 May 12]

http://www.csmonitor.com/2003/0227/p07s03woam.html# (link may be outdated)

* Document 254 Mitchell, Peter Europe dithers over stem cell patents [news] Nature Medicine 2003 February; 9(2): 154


* Document 255 Check, Erika Biotech critic tries to sew up research on chimaeras [news] Nature 2003 January 2; 421(6918): 4









http://www.csmonitor.com/2003/0227/p07s03-woam.html#






Document 256 Toumi, Emma In defence of gene patents Journal of Commercial Biotechnology 2003 January; 9(2): 135141


* Document 257 Caulfield, Timothy A.; Knoppers, B.M.; Gold, E.R.; Sheremeta, L.E.; Bridge, P.J. Genetic technologies, health care policy and the patent bargain [opinion] Clinical Genetics 2003 January; 63(1): 1518


* Document 258 Everett, Margaret The social life of genes: privacy, property and the new genetics Social Science and Medicine 2003 January; 56(1): 5365


* Document 259 Hill, Laurie L. The race to patent the genome: free riders, hold ups, and the future of medical breakthroughs Texas Intellectual Property Law Journal 2003 Winter; 11(2): 221258


* Document 260 American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. ACOG committee opinion Patents, medicine, and the interests of patients: applying general principles to gene patenting International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics 2003 January; 80(1): 9398


* Document 261 Crespi, R. Stephen Patenting and ethics a dubious connection Journal of the Patent and Trademark Office Society 2003 January; 85(1): 3147
















* Document 262 Summers, Teresa M. The scope of utility in the twentyfirst century: new guidance for generelated patents Georgetown Law Journal 2003 January; 91(2): 475509


Document 263 Baumgartner, Christoph and Mieth, Dietmar, eds. PATENTE AM LEBEN? ETHISCHE, RECHTLICHE UND POLITISCHE ASPEKTE DER BIOPATENTIERUNG Paderborn: Mentis Verlag, 2003. 332 p. Call number: TP248.175 .P36 2003

* Document 264 Palombi, Luigi Patentable subject matter, TRIPS and the European Biotechnology Directive: Australia and patenting humangenes [forum] University of New South Wales Law Journal 2003; 26(3): 782 792


* Document 265 Kirby, Michael Playing God? Owning God? Patenting and the human genome [forum] University of New South Wales Law Journal 2003; 26(3): 770 781


* Document 266 Rubenstein, Leonard S. Human rights and fair access to medication Emory International Law Review 2003; 17: 525534


* Document 267 BeckermanRodau, Andrew Patent law balancing profit maximization and public access to technology Columbia Science and Technology Law Review 2003; 4: 151


* Document 268 Outerbridge, Tim



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Beyond an uninformed public? A comparative analysis of survey data concerning patenting andcommodification Health Law Review 2003; 11(2): 37


* Document 269 Gold, E. Richard Patenting of genes: discoveries or inventions? In: Cooper, David N., editorinchief. Nature Encyclopedia of the Human Genome. New York: Nature Pub. Group;2003: 507510. Call number: QH447 .E53 2003 v.4

* Document 270 Rifkin, Jeremy Patenting of genes: a personal view. In: Cooper, David N., editorinchief. Nature Encyclopedia of the Human Genome. New York: Nature Pub. Group;2003: 505507. Call number: QH447 .E53 2003 v.4

* Document 271 Bently, Lionel; Sherman, Brad Patent issues in biotechnology. In: Cooper, David N., editorinchief. Nature Encyclopedia of the Human Genome. New York: Nature Pub. Group;2003: 502505. Call number: QH447 .E53 2003 v.4

* Document 272 Caulfield, Timothy Commercialization of human genetic research. In: Cooper, David N., editorinchief. Nature Encyclopedia of the Human Genome. New York: Nature Pub. Group;2003: 867871. Call number: QH447 .E53 2003 v.1

* Document 273 Caulfield, Timothy Sustainability and the balancing of the health care and innovation agendas: the commercialization of geneticresearch Saskatchewan Law Review 2003; 66(2): 629645


* Document 274 Cirlin, Lauren Human or animal: a resolution to the biotechnological blurring of the lines Southwestern University Law Review 2003; 32(3): 501525











* Document 275 Kahn, Jonathan What's the use? Law and authority in patenting human genetic material Stanford Law and Policy Review 2003; 14(2): 417444


* Document 276 Miller, John A call to legal arms: bringing embryonic stem cell therapies to market [opinion] Albany Law Journal of Science and Technology 2003; 13(2): 555592


* Document 277 Pitcher, Amanda S. Contrary to first impression, genes are patentable: should there be limitations? Journal of Health Care Law and Policy 2003; 6(2): 284303


* Document 278 Mueller, Janice M. Public access versus proprietary rights in genomic information: what is the proper role of intellectualproperty rights? Journal of Health Care Law and Policy 2003; 6(2): 222240


* Document 279 Kondro, Wayne Canadian high court rejects OncoMouse [patenting life] [news] Science 2002 December 13; 298(5601): 21122113



* Document 280 Check, Erika Canada stops Harvard's oncomouse in its tracks [news] Nature 2002 December 12; 420(6916): 593

















* Document 281 Leonard, Debra G.B. Medical practice and gene patents: a personal perspective [opinion] Academic Medicine 2002 December; 77(12, part 2): 13881391


* Document 282 Eisenberg, Rebecca S. Why the gene patenting controversy persists [opinion] Academic Medicine 2002 December; 77(12, part 2): 13811387


* Document 283 Bendekgey, Lee; HamletCox, Diana Gene patents and innovation [opinion] Academic Medicine 2002 December; 77(12, part 2): 13731380


* Document 284 Rai, Arti K. Genome patents: a case study in patenting research tools [opinion] Academic Medicine 2002 December; 77(12, part 2): 13681372


* Document 285 Scherer, Frederic M. The economics of human gene patents Academic Medicine 2002 December; 77(12, part 2): 13481367


* Document 286 Barton, John H. Patents, genomics, research, and diagnostics Academic Medicine 2002 December; 77(12, part 2): 13391347















* Document 287 Murashige, Kate Patents and research an uneasy alliance Academic Medicine 2002 December; 77(12, part 2): 13291338


* Document 288 Goldstein, Jorge A.; Golod, Elina Human gene patents Academic Medicine 2002 December; 77(12, part 2): 13151328


* Document 289 Elliott, George C. A brief guide to understanding patentability and the meaning of patents Academic Medicine 2002 December; 77(12, part 2): 13091314


* Document 290 Korn, David; Heinig, Stephen J. Introduction: patents, genomics, and academic medicine Academic Medicine 2002 December; 77(12, part 2): 13011308


* Document 291 Thomas, Sandy M.; Hopkins, Michael M.; Brady, Max Shares in the human genome the future of patenting DNA [commentary] Nature Biotechnology 2002 December; 20(12): 11851188


* Document 292 Schneider, Carol A.; Cohn, Felicia; Bonner, Cynthia Patenting life: a view from the Constitution and beyond Whittier Law Review 2002 Winter; 24(2): 385416


* Document 293 Demaine, Linda J.; Fellmeth, Aaron Xavier













Reinventing the double helix: a novel and nonobvious reconceptualization of the biotechnology patent Stanford Law Review 2002 November; 55(2): 303462


* Document 294 MacBean, Alexandra The patentability of human beings: the effect of a proposed exclusion in the Patents Act 1953 Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 2002 November; 33(2): 379407


* Document 295 Caulfield, Timothy Genetics services and market forces Nature Reviews Genetics 2002 October; 3(10): 734


* Document 296 Hazuka, Christopher D. Supporting the work of lesser geniuses: an argument for removing obstructions to human embryonic stemcell research University of Miami Law Review 2002 October; 57(1): 157220


* Document 297 Andrews, Lori B. Genes and patent policy: rethinking intellectual property rights Nature Reviews Genetics 2002 October; 3(10): 803808



* Document 298 Gene patenting diagnosing the problem Lancet Neurology 2002 September; 1(5): 267


* Document 299 Westin, Lorelei Perez Genetic patents: gatekeeper to the promised cures Thomas Jefferson Law Review 2002 Fall; 25(1): 271299















* Document 300 Koopman, Jerzy The patentability of transgenic animals in the United States of America and the European Union: a proposalfor harmonization Fordham Intellectual Property, Media and Entertainment Law Journal 2002 Autumn; 13(1): 103204


* Document 301 Thambisetty, Sivaramjani Patents and human genome research in developing countries: problems and proposals Journal of World Intellectual Property 2002 September; 5(5): 685723


* Document 302 Henry, Michelle R.; Cho, Mildred K.; Weaver, Meredith A.; Merz, Jon F. DNA patenting and licensing Science 2002 August 23; 297(5585): 1279



* Document 303 Willison, Donald J.; MacLeod, Stuart M. Patenting of genetic material: are the benefits to society being realized? [commentary] CMAJ/JAMC: Canadian Medical Association Journal 2002 August 6; 167(3): 259262


* Document 304 Gold, Richard; Caulfield, Timothy A.; Ray, Peter N. Gene patents and the standard of care [commentary] CMAJ/JAMC: Canadian Medical Association Journal 2002 August 6; 167(3): 256257


* Document 305 Thomas, Sandy Their hands on your genes [commentary] New Scientist 2002 August 3; 175(2354): 25
















* Document 306 DNA patents: putting an end to "business as usual" [editorial] Lancet 2002 August 3; 360(9330): 349



* Document 307 Vogel, Gretchen Tough stance on stem cell, DNA claims [European patents] [news] Science 2002 August 2; 297(5582): 754755


* Document 308 Abbott, Alison; Schmidt, Oliver Opponents of stemcell patent win restrictions [news] Nature 2002 August 1; 418(6897): 470


* Document 309 McIntosh, Nathalie; Braddock, Bonnie R.; Branda, Kelly J.; Eanet, Karen; Goldberg, Simon; Kieffer, Stephanie A.;Primiano, Lisa; Quercia, Nada; Taylor, Kelly A.; Tsipis, Judith; Yashar, Beverly M.; Yesley, Anne National Society of Genetic Counselors. DNASequence Patenting Position Paper Working Group DNAsequence patenting: National Society of Genetic Counselors (NSGC) position paper Journal of Genetic Counseling 2002 August; 11(4): 241243


* Document 310 Ready, Tinker . . . but linked to patent law [news] Nature Medicine 2002 August; 8(8): 771


* Document 311 Adam, David Bioethics council demands tighter rules on gene patents [Nuffield Council] [news] Nature 2002 July 25; 418(6896): 356
















* Document 312 The people vs patents [editorial] New Scientist 2002 July 13; 175(2351): 3


* Document 313 Westphal, Sylvia Pagan Your money or your life New Scientist 2002 July 13; 175(2351): 2833


* Document 314 King, Jonathan Patents revealed on cloned mammals, including humans GeneWatch 2002 JulyAugust; 15(4): 5


* Document 315 Brown, James Robert Funding, objectivity and the socialization of medical research Science and Engineering Ethics 2002 July; 8(3): 295308


* Document 316 Gold, E. Richard; Caulfield, Timothy A. The moral tollbooth: a method that makes use of the patent system to address ethical concerns inbiotechnology Lancet 2002 June 29; 359(9325): 22682270 Abstract: Patents granted for biotechnological innovations continue to cause social and ethical dilemmas. Forexample, much controversy surrounds the patenting of genes that predispose to breastcancer, and in the USA thedebate continues about whether or not stemcell technology should be accessible to all. In this report, we argue thatsome of these concerns can be addressed within national patent systems. In particular, we examine the "orderpublic or morality" clause that exists in most national patent procedures. Furthermore, we propose that patents forinventions that present social and ethical questions should be subject to suspension by an independent, transparent,and responsible tribunal made up of specialists in ethics, research, and economics. This suspension should bereversible so that, when the social or ethical concerns have been addressed in an appropriate manner, thesuspension can be lifted. Although controversial, such a flexible mechanism would assist governments and industryin enhancing public support for patents in the biotechnology area.


Document 317











Herper, Matthew Genome scientists: gene patents are bad [news] Forbes 2002 June 26: 1p. [Online]. Accessed: http://www.forbes.com/2002/06/26/0626targets_print.html [2009 May12]


http://www.forbes.com/2002/06/26/0626targets_print.html (link may be outdated)

Document 318 Gold, E. Richard Gene patents and medical access Intellectual Property Forum 2002 June; 49: 2027


Document 319 Canadian Biotechnology Advisory Committee [CBAC] Patenting of Higher Life Forms and Related Issues. Report to the Government of Canada BiotechnologyMinisterial Coordinating Committee Ottawa, Ontario, Canada: Canadian Biotechnology Advisory Committee [CBAC], 2002 June; 47 p.

http://www.cbaccccb.ca (link may be outdated)

* Document 320 Oriola, Taiwo A. Ethical and legal issues in Singapore biomedical research Pacific Rim Law and Policy Journal 2002 June; 11(3): 497529


* Document 321 Ossorio, Pilar N. Not taking, just borrowing: government use of patented drugs [commentary] American Journal of Bioethics 2002 Summer; 2(3): 5152


* Document 322 Leventer, Herb It is not unethical, though it is often unwise, to override patents [commentary] American Journal of Bioethics 2002 Summer; 2(3): 5051




http://www.forbes.com/2002/06/26/0626targets_print.html




http://www.cbac-cccb.ca/







* Document 323 Bloche, M. Gregg; Jungman, Elizabeth R. Patent immorality? [commentary] American Journal of Bioethics 2002 Summer; 2(3): 4849


* Document 324 Trachtman, Howard Who are the guardians guarding? [commentary] American Journal of Bioethics 2002 Summer; 2(3): 4648


* Document 325 Parsi, Kayhan P.; Egan, Erin A. Patents: the public interest versus the private privilege [commentary] American Journal of Bioethics 2002 Summer; 2(3): 4546


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EthxWeb Search Results

Search Detail: Result=(((AV.PT.) AND ("15.8"[PC])) OR ((("15.8"[PC]) AND (B.PT.)) AND (@YD > "19991231"))) OR (((("15.8"[PC]) AND(Y.BL.)) NOT (LETTER.TI.)) AND (@YD > "19991231")) 2=1 : " Documents: 326 466 of 466

* Document 326 Smith, Simon J. Life, death, and monopoly rights in a democratic society [commentary] American Journal of Bioethics 2002 Summer; 2(3): 4344


* Document 327 Kaye, Keith S.; Kaye, Donald The Cipro patent and bioterrorism [commentary] American Journal of Bioethics 2002 Summer; 2(3): 4142


* Document 328 Resnik, David B.; De Ville, Kenneth A. Bioterrorism and patent rights: "compulsory licensure" and the case of Cipro [commentary] American Journal of Bioethics 2002 Summer; 2(3): 2939


* Document 329 Evans, John H. The two meanings of how and the gene patenting debate [commentary] American Journal of Bioethics 2002 Summer; 2(3): 2628


* Document 330 Garcia, Sandra Anderson Patenting DNA: who defines and protects the public good? [commentary] American Journal of Bioethics 2002 Summer; 2(3): 2526





http://kie.georgetown.edu/netacgi/nph-brs?co1=AND&co2=AND&co3=AND&co4=AND&d=EWEB&Sect2=THESON&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww11.georgetown.edu%2Fresearch%2Fnrcbl%2Fdatabases%2FGenETHX%2Fgenebool.htm&r=0&p=2&f=1&l=50&s4=(((AV.PT.)+AND+(%2215.8%22%5BPC%5D))+OR+(((%2215.8%22%5BPC%5D)+AND+(B.PT.))+AND+(%40YD+%3E++%2219991231%22)))+OR+((((%2215.8%22%5BPC%5D)+AND+(Y.BL.))+NOT+(LETTER.TI.))+AND+(%40YD+%3E++%2219991231%22))&s2=&co5=AND&pg1=SUBJ&op1=AND&s1=&co6=AND&op6=AND&s6=&Sect3=PLURON&Sect5=HITOFF&l=0











* Document 331 Robertson, John A. Sequence patents are not the issue [commentary] American Journal of Bioethics 2002 Summer; 2(3): 2223


* Document 332 Woessner, Warren D. Let's get physical [commentary] American Journal of Bioethics 2002 Summer; 2(3): 2122


* Document 333 White, Gladys B. Patenting genes? A finger in the dike of a bricksandmortar patent system [commentary] American Journal of Bioethics 2002 Summer; 2(3): 20


* Document 334 Rai, Arti K. Locating gene patents within the patent system [commentary] American Journal of Bioethics 2002 Summer; 2(3): 1819


* Document 335 Quigley, Rosemary B. Waiting on science: the stake of present and future patients [commentary] American Journal of Bioethics 2002 Summer; 2(3): 1718


* Document 336 Wilson, Jack No patents for semantic information [commentary] American Journal of Bioethics 2002 Summer; 2(3): 1516


* Document 337 Nelkin, Dorothy













Patenting genes and the public interest [commentary] American Journal of Bioethics 2002 Summer; 2(3): 1315


* Document 338 Sagoff, Mark Intellectual property and products of nature [commentary] American Journal of Bioethics 2002 Summer; 2(3): 1213


* Document 339 Eisenberg, Rebecca S. How can you patent genes? American Journal of Bioethics 2002 Summer; 2(3): 311 Abstract: What accounts for the continued lack of clarity over the legal procedures for the patenting of DNAsequences? The patenting system was built for a "bricksandmortar" world rather than an information economy. Thefact that genes are both material molecules and informational systems helps explain the difficulty that the patentsystem is going to continue to have.


* Document 340 Chakrabarty, Ananda M. Compulsory licensure: the case of Cipro and beyond [commentary] American Journal of Bioethics 2002 Summer; 2(3): 40


* Document 341 Whitehouse, Peter J. The evolution of gene patenting [commentary] American Journal of Bioethics 2002 Summer; 2(3): 2324


* Document 342 Bosch, Xavier Ethics group advises caution before EC [European Commission] issues stemcell line patents [news] Lancet 2002 May 25; 359(9320): 1839
















* Document 343 Coghlan, Andy Say no to stem cell patents: Europe advised to take a different stance to the US [United States] [EuropeanGroup on Ethics in Science and New Technologies] [news] New Scientist 2002 May 18; 174(2343): 5


* Document 344 Nowak, Rachel; Concar, David Footing the bill: should we all have to pay for one company's bright idea? [news] New Scientist 2002 May 18; 174(2343): 45


* Document 345 How many lawyers does it take . . . greed and legal wrangling could stifle the medical revolution [editorial] New Scientist 2002 May 18; 174(2343): 3


* Document 346 Kleiner, Kurt Bad for your health: Are gene patents stopping patients getting the latest tests? [news] New Scientist 2002 March 23; 173(2335): 6


Document 347 Austria. Bioethikkommission beim Bundeskanzleramt = Austria. Bioethics Commission at the Federal Chancellery Vienna, Austria: Bioethikkommission beim Bundeskanzleramt, 2002 March 6: 5 p.

http://www.bundeskanzleramt.at/2004/4/18/legal_protection.pdf (link may be outdated)

* Document 348 Minwalla, Sherizaan A modest proposal to amend the Patent Code 35 U.S.C. Section 287(c) to allow health care providers toexamine their patients' DNA Southern Illinois University Law Journal 2002 Spring; 26(3): 471504


* Document 349










http://www.bundeskanzleramt.at/2004/4/18/legal_protection.pdf



Stix, Gary Who owns you? A mock trial explores the intersection of patents and geneticproperty rights Scientific American 2002 March; 286(3): 35


* Document 350 Norman, Helen The ethics of patenting biotechnology Legal Ethics 2002 Spring; 5(12): 1417


* Document 351 Herdegen, Matthias Patents on parts of the human body: salient issues under EC and WTO law Journal of World Intellectual Property 2002 March; 5(2): 145 155


* Document 352 Pearce, Fred It isn't yours: campaigners call for a ban on all genetic patents New Scientist 2002 February 9; 173(2329): 15


* Document 353 Merz, Jon F.; Kriss, Antigone G.; Leonard, Debra G. B.; Cho, Mildred K. Diagnostic testing fails the test [commentary] Nature 2002 February 7; 415(6872): 577579


* Document 354 Sarnoff, Josh; Dickinson, Q. Todd; Kilyk, John, Jr.; Rai, Arti K.; Spiegel, Jack Panel one: intellectual property and genetic science: the legal dilemmas [The Human Genome Project, DNAscience and the law: the American legal system's response to breakthroughs in genetic science] American University Law Review 2002 February; 51(3): 371399


* Document 355 Vanguri, Swathi Sri; Rajput, Vijay Patents and biotechnology Issues in Medical Ethics 2002 JanuaryMarch; 10(1): 152153














http://www.medicalethicsindia.org (link may be outdated)

* Document 356 European Commission. European Group on Ethics in Science and New Technologies Opinion on ethical aspects of patenting inventions involving human stem cells. The European Group onEthics in Science and New Technologies to the European Commission. 7 May 2002 [opinion] Revista de Derecho y Genoma Humano / Law and the Human Genome Review 2002 JanuaryJune; (16): 266271



* Document 357 Sanchez Padron, Miguel The institutional choice in biotechnology: patents and ethics Revista de Derecho y Genoma Humano / Law and the Human Genome Review 2002 JanuaryJune; (16): 223255



* Document 358 Nunnally, Allen C. Commercialized genetic testing: the role of corporate biotechnology in the new genetic age Boston University Journal of Science and Technology Law 2002 Winter; 8(1): 306346


Document 359 Lundin, Susanne and Åkesson, Lynn, eds. GENE TECHNOLOGY AND ECONOMY Lund: Nordic Academic Press, 2002. 117 p. Call number: QH442 .G453 2002

Document 360 Nuffield Council on Bioethics THE ETHICS OF PATENTING DNA: A DISCUSSION PAPER London: Nuffield Council on Bioethics, 2002. 94 p. Call number: HQ767 .E87 2003

http://www.nuffieldbioethics.org (link may be outdated)

Document 361



http://www.medicalethicsindia.org/









http://catalog.library.georgetown.edu/search/c?SEARCH=QH442%20.G453%202002&sortdropdown=-&searchscope=4


http://catalog.library.georgetown.edu/search/c?SEARCH=HQ767%20.E87%202003&sortdropdown=-&searchscope=4


http://www.nuffieldbioethics.org/

Magnus, David; Caplan, Arthur; and McGee, Glenn, eds. WHO OWNS LIFE? Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books, 2002. 291 p. Call number: QH445.2 .W46 2002

Document 362 Åkesson, Lynn Bioeconomics between persons and things. In: Lundin, Susanne; Åkesson, Lynn, eds. Gene Technology and Economy. Lund: Nordic Academic Press; 2002: 7279. Call number: QH442 .G453 2002

Document 363 Olsson, Håkan The commercialization of genes: a patent on breast cancer genes as pilot case. In: Lundin, Susanne; Åkesson, Lynn, eds. Gene Technology and Economy. Lund: Nordic Academic Press; 2002: 4251. Call number: QH442 .G453 2002

Document 364 Macer, D.R.J. Patent or perish? An ethical approach to patenting human genes and proteins Pharmacogenomics Journal 2002; 2(6): 361366


* Document 365 Radick, Gregory Discovering and patenting human genes. In: Bainham, Andrew; Sclater, Shelley Day; Richards, Martin, eds. Body Lore and Laws. Portland, OR: Hart Pub.;2002: 6378. Call number: KD667 .H85 B63 2002

* Document 366 Chambers, Jasemine Patent eligibility of biotechnological inventions in the United States, Europe, and Japan: how much patentpolicy is public policy? George Washington International Law Review 2002; 34: 223246


* Document 367 Nash, Duane Recommended response for human cloning patent applications Idea: The Journal of Law and Technology 2002; 42(2): 279312


http://catalog.library.georgetown.edu/search/c?SEARCH=QH445.2%20.W46%202002&sortdropdown=-&searchscope=4






http://catalog.library.georgetown.edu/search/c?SEARCH=KD667%20.H85%20B63%202002&sortdropdown=-&searchscope=4





* Document 368 Merz, Jon F. Discoveries: are there limits on what may be patented? In: Magnus, David; Caplan, Arthur; McGee, Glenn, eds. Who Owns Life? Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books; 2002:99116. Call number: QH445.2 .W46 2002

* Document 369 Chakrabarty, Ananda M. Genetics research and the judicial decision Notizie di Politeia 2002; 18(65): 99102


* Document 370 Curley, Duncan Towards harmonization: the European biotechnology patent directive Journal of Biolaw and Business 2002; 5(3): 6468 Abstract: Having first been proposed over a decade ago to harmonize European patent law for the benefit ofEurope's fledgling biotechnology industry, the Biotechnology Patent Directive underwent a somewhat torturedintroduction to adolescence when its adoption was challenged by a legal annulment from the Governments of TheNetherlands, Italy and Norway. This article explores the nature of the legal challenge to the Directive, which to anextent typify European concerns about biotechnological inventions, particularly the "patenting of life."


* Document 371 Arnold, Beth E.; OgielskaZei, Eva Patenting genes and genetic research tools: good or bad for innovation? Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics 2002; 2: 415432


* Document 372 Hanson, Mark J. Patenting genes and life: improper commodification? In: Magnus, David; Caplan, Arthur; McGee, Glenn, eds. Who Owns Life? Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books; 2002:161174. Call number: QH445.2 .W46 2002

* Document 373 Resnik, David B. Discoveries, inventions, and gene patents. In: Magnus, David; Caplan, Arthur; McGee, Glenn, eds. Who Owns Life? Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books; 2002:135159. Call number: QH445.2 .W46 2002










* Document 374 Berkowitz, Ari; Kevles, Daniel J. Patenting human genes: the advent of ethics in the political economy of patent law. In: Magnus, David; Caplan, Arthur; McGee, Glenn, eds. Who Owns Life? Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books; 2002:7597. Call number: QH445.2 .W46 2002

* Document 375 Seide, Rochelle K.; Stephens, Carmella L. Ethical issues and application of patent laws in biotechnology. In: Magnus, David; Caplan, Arthur; McGee, Glenn, eds. Who Owns Life? Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books; 2002:5973. Call number: QH445.2 .W46 2002

* Document 376 Wilson, Jack Patenting organisms: intellectual property law meets biology. In: Magnus, David; Caplan, Arthur; McGee, Glenn, eds. Who Owns Life? Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books; 2002:2558. Call number: QH445.2 .W46 2002

* Document 377 Chakrabarty, A.M. Patenting of lifeforms: from a concept to reality. In: Magnus, David; Caplan, Arthur; McGee, Glenn, eds. Who Owns Life? Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books; 2002:1724. Call number: QH445.2 .W46 2002

* Document 378 Markl, Hubert Who owns the human genome? What can ownership mean with respect to genes? IIC: International Review of Industrial Property and Copyright Law 2002; 33(1): 15


* Document 379 PridanFrank, Shira Humangenomics: a challenge to the rules of the game of international law Columbia Journal of Transnational Law 2002; 40(3): 619676


Document 380 Yen, ShangYung A critique of the current provisions on morality in the patent system









Contemporary Issues in Law 20022003; 6(3): 253272


* Document 381 Chapman, Audrey R. Patenting human genes: ethical and policy issues. In: Bryant, John; Baggott la Velle, Linda; Searle, John, eds. Bioethics for Scientists. New York: Wiley; 2002: 265278. Call number: QH332 .B52 2002

* Document 382 Bulterman, Mielle Court of Justice of the European Communities (CJEC) 2001/4 Case C377/98, Netherlands/Parliament &Council European Journal of Health Law 2001 December; 8(4): 373374


* Document 383 Gitter, Donna M. International conflicts over patenting human DNA sequences in the United States and the European Union:an argument for compulsory licensing and a fairuse exemption New York University Law Review 2001 December; 76(6): 1623 1691


* Document 384 Hoedemaekers, Rogeer; Dekkers, Wim Is there a unique moral status of human DNA that prevents patenting? Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal 2001 December; 11(4): 359 386


* Document 385 Abbott, Alison Harvard squeaks through oncomouse patent appeal [news] Nature 2001 November 15; 414(6861): 241


* Document 386 Patent protection versus public health [ciprofloxacin] [compulsory licensing] [editorial] Lancet 2001 November 10; 358(9293): 1563




http://catalog.library.georgetown.edu/search/c?SEARCH=QH332%20.B52%202002&sortdropdown=-&searchscope=4











http://www.thelancet.com (link may be outdated)

Document 387 Williamson, Alan R. Gene patents: socially acceptable monopolies or an unnecessary hindrance to research? Trends in Genetics 2001 November; 17(11): 670673


* Document 388 Woessner, Warren D. The evolution of patents on life transgenic animals, clones and stem cells Journal of the Patent and Trademark Office Society 2001 November; 83(11): 830844


Document 389 European Union. Court of Justice. Netherlands v. European Parliament and Council of the European Union [Date of Decision: 9 October 2001] European Court Reports 2001; 1(10A): 66997554 Abstract: Court Decision; [2001] ECR I7079; 2001 October 9 (date of decision). The Court of the European Unionheld that a directive of the European Parliament allowing for the patentability of biological products identical inphysical composition to human components does not infringe upon the fundamental right of human dignity. TheKingdom of the Netherlands and Italy sought annulment of a directive of the European Parliament that allowedcertain biological products to be patentable on the grounds that such a patent implicated a proprietary interest inhuman life. The directive allowed such patents only where the biological product was isolated and purified from itsnatural state within the human body. Furthermore, the directive explicitly prohibited patents whose commercialpotential was contrary to morality. Therefore, the directive contained adequate safeguards to protect human dignityand did not infringe upon a fundamental right. [KIE/ECL]

* Document 390 Dorozynski, Alexandre France challenges patent for genetic screening of breast cancer [news] BMJ: British Medical Journal 2001 September 15; 323(7313): 589



* Document 391 Murray, Dale A Lockean argument against gene patenting Business and Professional Ethics Journal 2001 FallWinter; 20(34): 129143


http://www.thelancet.com/







http://www.bmj.com/



* Document 392 Warner, Keith Douglass Are life patents ethical? Conflict between Catholic social teaching and agricultural biothechnology's patentregime Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 2001 September; 14(3): 301319


* Document 393 Bradshaw, James Gene patent policy: does issuing gene patents accord with the purposes of the U.S. [United States] patentsystem? Willamette Law Review 2001 Autumn; 37(4): 637660


* Document 394 Gold, E. Richard; Gallochat, Alain The European Biotech Directive: past as prologue European Law Journal 2001 September; 7(3): 331366


* Document 395 Kevles, Daniel J.; Berkowitz, Ari The gene patenting controversy: a convergence of law, economic interests, and ethics [Brooklyn Law SchoolSymposium, DNA: Lessons from the Past Problems for the Future, March 9, 2001] Brooklyn Law Review 2001 Fall; 67(1): 233248


* Document 396 Cahill, Lisa Sowle Genetics, commodification, and social justice in the globalization era Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal 2001 September; 11(3): 221238


* Document 397 Knight, Jonathan StemCell Giveaway Proposed as Confusion Reigns Over Cell Count [news] Nature 2001 August 23; 412(6849): 753754














* Document 398 Regalado, Antonio; Louis, Meera Ethical concerns block widespread patenting of embryonic advances Wall Street Journal 2001 August 20; p. B1, B4

* Document 399 Stolberg, Sheryl Gay Patent on stem cell studies puts U.S. officials in bind: talks to begin next week on a university's claim of solecontrol over research New York Times 2001 August 17; p. A1, A16


* Document 400 Nicol, Dianne; Otlowski, Margaret; Chalmers, Don Consent, commercialisation and benefitsharing Journal of Law and Medicine 2001 August; 9(1): 8094


* Document 401 CookDeegan, Robert Mullan; McCormack, Stephen J. Patents, Secrecy, and DNA Science 2001 July 13; 293(5528): 217


* Document 402 Deftos, Leonard John Harvard v. Canada: the myc mouse that still squeaks in the maze of biopatent law Academic Medicine 2001 July; 76(7): 684692


* Document 403 Kirby, Michael Intellectual property and the human genome (part II) Revista de Derecho y Genoma Humano = Law and the Human Genome Review 2001 JulyDecember; (15): 6583


* Document 404












Saner, Marc A. Real and metaphorical moral limits in the biotech debate [commentary] Nature Biotechnology 2001 July; 19(7): 609


Document 405 Louwaars, Niels; Minderhoud, Marilyn When a law is not enough: biotechnology patents in practice Biotechnology and Development Monitor 2001 June; 46: 1619 [Online]. Accessed: http://www.biotechmonitor.nl/[2009 April 20]


http://www.biotechmonitor.nl/ (link may be outdated)

Document 406 Lock, Margaret The alienation of body tissue and the biopolitics of immortalized cell lines Body and Society 2001 JuneSeptember; 7(23): 6391 [Online] Accessed: http://bod.sagepub.com/cgi/reprint/7/23/63 [2007 January 29]


http://bod.sagepub.com/cgi/reprint/7/23/63 (link may be outdated)

* Document 407 Brown, Barry The case for caution Being protective of human dignity in the face of corporate forces taking title to ourDNA Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 2001 Summer; 29(2): 166169


* Document 408 Resnik, David B. DNA patents and human dignity Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 2001 Summer; 29(2): 152165


* Document 409 Hoedemaekers, Rogeer Commercialization, Patents and Moral Assessment of Biotechnology Products Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 2001 June; 26(3): 273284






http://www.biotech-monitor.nl/



http://bod.sagepub.com/cgi/reprint/7/2-3/63







* Document 410 Human Genetics Society of Australasia [HGSA] HGSA Position Paper on the Patenting of Genes Sydney, Australia: Human Genetics Society of Australasia 2001 May; [Online]. Available:http://www.hgsa.com.au/policy/patgen.html [2002 September 9]; 4 p.

http://www.hgsa.com.au/policy/home.html (link may be outdated)

* Document 411 Orsi, Michael P. A law school forum on human celllines and frozen embryos Linacre Quarterly 2001 May; 68(2): 157169


* Document 412 Marshall, Eliot A Plan to Release Data Within Six Months [news] Science 2001 April 13; 292(5515): 188


* Document 413 Nenow, Lydia To patent or not to patent: the European Union's new biotech directive Houston Journal of International Law 2001 Spring; 23(3): 569607


* Document 414 Pennisi, Christopher Scott More on Moore: a novel strategy for compensating the human sources of patentable cellline inventionsbased on existing law Fordham Intellectual Property, Media and Entertainment Law Journal 2001 Spring; 11(3): 747778


* Document 415 Bobrow, Martin; Thomas, Sandy Patents in a Genetic Age [commentary] Nature 2001 February 15; 409(6822): 763764



http://www.hgsa.com.au/policy/home.html











* Document 416 Kirby, Michael Intellectual property and the human genome (part I) Revista de Derecho y Genoma Humano = Law and the Human Genome Review 2001 JanuaryJune; (14): 127145


* Document 417 Resnik, David B. DNA patents and scientific discovery and innovation: assessing benefits and risks Science and Engineering Ethics 2001 January; 7(1): 2962


* Document 418 Spier, Raymond Genes in Court [editorial] Science and Engineering Ethics 2001 January; 7(1): 36


Document 419 Remédio Marques, J.P. and de Ética, Conselho Dinamarquês PATENTES DE GENES HUMANOS? Coimbra, Portugal: Coimbra Editora, 2001. 154 p. Call number: KKQ1210 .B56 R46 2001

Document 420 McTavish, Hugh Enabling genus patent claims to DNA Minnesota Intellectual Property Review 2001; 2(1): 121159 [Online]. Accessed:http://mipr.umn.edu/archives/v2n1/mctavish.pdf [2008 June 23]


http://mipr.umn.edu/archives/v2n1/mctavish.pdf (link may be outdated)

Document 421 Thambisetty, Sivaramjani Commission on Intellectual Property Rights [CIPR] Human genome patents and developing countries. Study paper 10 London: Commission on Intellectual Property Rights, 2001; 70p. [Online]. Accessed:http://www.iprcommission.org/papers/pdfs/study_papers/10_human_genome_patents.pdf [2007 April 16]

http://www.iprcommission.org/papers/pdfs/study_papers/10_human_genome_patents.pdf (link may be







http://catalog.library.georgetown.edu/search/c?SEARCH=KKQ1210%20.B56%20R46%202001&sortdropdown=-&searchscope=4




http://mipr.umn.edu/archives/v2n1/mctavish.pdf


http://www.iprcommission.org/papers/pdfs/study_papers/10_human_genome_patents.pdf

outdated)

Document 422 Eidgenössische Ethikkommission für die Gentechnik im ausserhumanen Bereich = Commission fédérale d’éthiquepour le génie génétique dans le domaine non humain = Commissione federale d’etica per l’ingegneria genetica neisettore non umano = Swiss Ethics Committee on Nonhuman Gene Technology [ECNH] Patents on animals and plants: A contribution to discussion Bern, Switzerland: Swiss Ethics Committee on Nonhuman Gene Technology, 2001; 15 p. [Online]. Accessed:http://www.umweltschweiz.ch/imperia/md/content/ekah/14.pdf [2006 April 6]

http://www.ekah.ch/imperia/md/content/ekah/14.pdf (link may be outdated)

* Document 423 Baker, Dean Patent medicine Journal of Public Health Policy 2001; 22(3): 275279


* Document 424 Lebacqz, Karen Who "owns" cells and tissues? Health Care Analysis 2001; 9(3): 353367


* Document 425 Hoedemaekers, Rogeer Human gene patents: core issues in a multilayered debate Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy: A European Journal 2001; 4(2): 211221


Document 426 Caulfield, Timothy; Gold, E. Richard; Cho, Mildred K. Patenting human genetic material: refocusing the debate [opinion] Nature Reviews Genetics 2000 December; 1(3): 227231


* Document 427 Mikhail, Peter Hopkins v. CellPro: an illustration that patenting and exclusive licensing of fundamental science is notalways in the public interest Harvard Journal of Law & Technology 2000 Winter; 13(2): 375394


http://www.ekah.ch/imperia/md/content/ekah/14.pdf










* Document 428 Gold, E. Richard Finding Common Cause in the Patent Debate Nature Biotechnology 2000 November; 18(11): 12171218


* Document 429 Smaglik, Paul Tissue Donors Use Their Influence in Deal Over Gene Patent Terms [news] Nature 2000 October 19; 407(6806): 821


* Document 430 Brown, Carolyn Patenting Life: Genetically Altered Mice an Invention, Court Declares [news] CMAJ: Canadian Medical Association Journal 2000 October 3; 163(7): 867868


* Document 431 Ashcroft, R. The ethics of reusing archived tissue for research Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology 2000 October; 26(5): 408411


* Document 432 Churches Say No to Gene Patenting [news] Christian Century 2000 September 1320; 117(25): 899900


* Document 433 Rees, Jonathan Patents and Intellectual Property: A Salvation for Patient Oriented Research? Lancet 2000 September 2; 356(9232): 849850
















Document 434 Regalado, Antonio The great gene grab Technology Review 2000 SeptemberOctober; 103(5): 4851, 53, 55


* Document 435 Yelpaala, Kojo Owning the secret of life: biotechnology and property rights revisited McGeorge Law Review 2000 Fall; 32(1): 111219


* Document 436 Jagels, Mark Dr. Moreau Has Left the Island: Dealing With HumanAnimal Patents in the 21st Century Thomas Jefferson Law Review 2000 Fall; 23(1): 115147


* Document 437 Bostyn, S.J.R. One Patent a Day Keeps the Doctor Away? European Journal of Health Law 2000 September; 7(3): 229264


* Document 438 Poland, Susan Cartier Genes, Patents, and Bioethics Will History Repeat Itself? Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal 2000 September; 10(3): 265 281


http://bioethics.georgetown.edu/publications/scopenotes/sn39.htm (link may be outdated)

* Document 439 Masood, Ehsan Gene warrior [interview with Kari Stefansson] New Scientist 2000 July 15; 167(2247): 4245












http://bioethics.georgetown.edu/publications/scopenotes/sn39.htm



* Document 440 Spotts, Peter N. Ethics of Owning Parts of our Genetic `Blueprint' Christian Science Monitor 2000 July 10; 92(159): 23

http://www.christiansciencemonitor.com (link may be outdated)

* Document 441 Kahn, Jonathan Biotechnology and the Legal Constitution of the Self: Managing Identity in Science, the Market, and Society Hasting Law Journal July 2000; 51(5): 909952


* Document 442 Balter, Michael France Rebels Against GenePatenting Law [news] Science 2000 June 23; 288(5474): 2115


* Document 443 Martin, Todd Patentability of methods of medical treatment: a comparative study Journal of the Patent and Trademark Office Society 2000 June; 82(6): 381423


* Document 444 Eisenberg, Rebecca S. Reexamining the role of patents in appropriating the value of DNA sequences Emory Law Journal 2000 Summer; 49(3): 783800


* Document 445 Spranger, Tade Matthias Ethical aspects of patenting human genotypes according to EC Biotechnology Directive IIC: International Review of Industrial Property and Copyright Law 2000 June; 31(4): 373380


* Document 446


http://www.christiansciencemonitor.com/











Dickinson, Q. Todd Reconciling Research and the Patent System Issues in Science and Technology 2000 Summer; 16(4): 6470


* Document 447 Gold, E. Richard Biomedical patents and ethics: a Canadian solution McGill Law Journal 2000 May; 45(2): 413435 Abstract: World Trade Organization member states are preparing for the upcoming renegotiation of the Agreement onTradeRelated Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights. One of the important elements of that renegotiation is theethical considerations regarding the patenting of higher life forms and their component parts (e.g. DNA and celllines). The interface between the genetic revolution, patentability, and ethical considerations is the subject of thisarticle. The author identifies, explores, and critiques four possible positions Canada may adopt in respect ofpatentability of biomedical material. First, Canada could do nothing. This approach would mean keeping biomedicalmaterials outside the patent system and outside the stream of commerce. Canada would simply wait for aninternational consensus to develop before adopting a position of its own. Second, Canada could go it alone. It couldimplement a policy that balances the incentive effects of patents with the need to incorporate ethical and socialvalues into the decisionmaking process regarding the use of biomedical materials. Third, Canada could follow theUnited States, Europe, and Japan by providing for almost unrestricted patenting of biomedical materials. This wouldbe the most industryfriendly alternative. The fourth and final option is to use the medicare system to promotediscussion of ethical considerations involved in the use of biomedical materials. The power of provincial healthagencies may be used as a lever to ensure discussion of ethical considerations concerning the use of biomedicalmaterials. The author concludes that the fourth and final option is the best alternative for Canada while waiting for aninternational consensus to emerge.


* Document 448 Abbott, Alison; Hellerer, Ulrike Politicians Seek to Block HumanGene Patents in Europe [news] Nature 2000 April 20; 404(6780): 802


* Document 449 Crespi, R. Stephen An analysis of moral issues affecting patenting inventions in the life sciences: a European perspective Science and Engineering Ethics 2000 April; 6(2): 157180


* Document 450 Schiermeier, Quirin Germany Challenges Human Stem Cell Patent Awarded "By Mistake" [news] Nature 2000 March 2; 404(6773): 34












Document 451 Hilyard, Nicholas; Sexton, Sarah No patents on life Forum for Applied Research and Public Policy 2000 Spring; 15(1): 6974


* Document 452 Holman, Molly A.; Munzer, Stephen R. Intellectual property rights in genes and gene fragments: a registration solution for expressed sequence tagsIowa Law Review 2000 March; 85(3): 735848


Document 453 Caulfield, Timothy A.; Gold, E. Richard Whistling in the wind: patents on genetic research are a reality. It's time to reframe the debate Forum for Applied Research and Public Policy 2000 Spring; 15(1): 7579


* Document 454 Ho, Cynthia M. Patents, patients, and public policy: an incomplete intersection at 35 U.S.C. Section 287(c) University of California Davis Law Review 2000 Spring; 33(3): 601675


* Document 455 Enserink, Martin Patent Office May Raise the Bar on Gene Claims [news] Science 2000 February 18; 287(5456): 11961197


* Document 456 Mayor, Susan First UK patents for cloning issued to creators of Dolly the sheep [news] BMJ: British Medical Journal 2000 January 29; 320(7230): 270


* Document 457 Reynolds, Tom













Pricing Human Genes: The Patent Rush Pushes On [news] Journal of the National Cancer Institute 2000 January 19; 92(2): 9697


* Document 458 Beyleveld, Deryck Regulating Morality Through Patent Law. Critique of the EC Directive Revista de Derecho y Genoma Humano [Law and the Human Genome Review] 2000 January June; (12): 141171


* Document 459 Beyleveld, Deryck; Brownsword, Roger; Llewelyn, Margaret The morality clauses of the Directive on the Legal Protection of Biotechnological Inventions: compromiseand the patent community. In: Goldberg, Richard; Lonbay, Julian, eds. Pharmaceutical Medicine, Biotechnology, and European Law. New York:Cambridge University Press; 2000: 157181. Call number: KJC6191 .P48 2000

* Document 460 Ho, Cynthia M. International intellectual property issues for biotechnology. In: Murray, Thomas H.; Mehlman, Maxwell J., eds. Encyclopedia of Ethical, Legal, and Policy Issues inBiotechnology. 2 vols. New York: John Wiley & Sons; 2000: 761787. Call number: TP248.16 .E539 2000 v.2

* Document 461 Guenin, Louis M. Patents, ethics, human life forms. In: Murray, Thomas H.; Mehlman, Maxwell J., eds. Encyclopedia of Ethical, Legal, and Policy Issues inBiotechnology. 2 vols. New York: John Wiley & Sons; 2000: 866880. Call number: TP248.16 .E539 2000 v.2

* Document 462 Svatos, Michele Patents and licensing, ethics, ownership of animal, and plantgenes. In: Murray, Thomas H.; Mehlman, Maxwell J., eds. Encyclopedia of Ethical, Legal, and Policy Issues inBiotechnology. 2 vols. New York: John Wiley & Sons; 2000: 844854. Call number: TP248.16 .E539 2000 v.2

* Document 463 ColeTurner, R. Patents and licensing, ethics, organizations with prominent positions on gene patenting. In: Murray, Thomas H.; Mehlman, Maxwell J., eds. Encyclopedia of Ethical, Legal, and Policy Issues inBiotechnology. 2 vols. New York: John Wiley & Sons; 2000: 834844. Call number: TP248.16 .E539 2000 v.2





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* Document 464 Hermeren, Goran Patents and licensing, ethics, international controversies. In: Murray, Thomas H.; Mehlman, Maxwell J., eds. Encyclopedia of Ethical, Legal, and Policy Issues inBiotechnology. 2 vols. New York: John Wiley & Sons; 2000: 817825. Call number: TP248.16 .E539 2000 v.2

* Document 465 Bruce, Donald Ethical Concerns About Patenting in Relation to Living Organisms Human Reproduction and Genetic Ethics: An International Journal 2000; 6(1): 1014


Document 466 Life Patent Pending (1982) Ambrose Video Publishing, Inc. Abstract: The film presents comments by various university and industry scientists on the l980 U.S. Supreme Courtdecision (Diamond vs. Chakrabarty) ruling that new life forms can be patented.

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