eu for the fast stream © crown copyright 2007 eu for the fast stream jon worth [email protected]
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EU for the Fast Stream© Crown Copyright 2007
COURT OF
JUSTICE AUDITORS
COURT OF
Economic and Social Committee
European Ombudsman
Main Institutions of the EU
THE INSTITUTIONAL
TRIANGLE
PARLIAMENT
COMMISSION
COUNCILof the European Union
EU for the Fast Stream© Crown Copyright 2007
European Commission
• The Executive of the EU institutions
• Can mean both the College of Commissioners, and the Commission services
Berlaymont Building, Brussels
“Guardian of the Treaties”
EU for the Fast Stream© Crown Copyright 2007
“The Members of the Commission shall be chosen on the grounds of their general competence and their independence shall be beyond doubt.
The Commission shall include one national ofeach of the Member States”
(Art. 213)
EU for the Fast Stream© Crown Copyright 2007
European Commission - Structure
EU for the Fast Stream© Crown Copyright 2007
European Commission
drafts policy documents and EC legislation
executes EC legislation
prepares the budget
manages Community finances
monitors Member States’ compliance with EC law
represents the EU externally (e.g. WTO)
assesses states’ applications for membership
EU for the Fast Stream© Crown Copyright 2007
European Parliament
Brussels
Strasbourg
“The European Parliament … shall consist of representatives of the peoples of the states brought together in the Community …”
(Art. 189)
EU for the Fast Stream© Crown Copyright 2007 5
99
78
785 MEPs
EU for the Fast Stream© Crown Copyright 2007
Germ
any (
99)
Fra
nce (
78)
Italy
(78)
United K
ingdom
(78)
Pola
nd (
54)
Spain
(54)
Rom
ania
(35)
Neth
erlands (
27)
Belg
ium
(24)
Czech R
epublic
(24)
Gre
ece (
24)
Hungary
(24)
Port
ugal (2
4)
Sw
eden (
19)
Austr
ia (
18)
Bulg
aria (
17)
Denm
ark
(14)
Fin
land (
14)
Slo
vakia
(14)
Lithuania
(13)
Rep.
of
Irela
nd (
13)
Latv
ia (
9)
Slo
venia
(7)
Cypru
s (
6)
Esto
nia
(6)
Luxem
bourg
(6)
Malta (
5)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Total:785 MEPs
EU for the Fast Stream© Crown Copyright 2007
Roles in the EP
Has its own President
14 Vice Presidents
20 Committee Chairs
Delegations, Rapporteurs,Group Coordinators
Civil servants can speak to anyof these (within reason)
EU for the Fast Stream© Crown Copyright 2007
European Parliament
considers legislation
passes reports
approves the Commission
questions Commissioners / Council
approves the Budget
EU for the Fast Stream© Crown Copyright 2007
Council of the
“The Council shall consist of a representative of each Member State at ministerial level, authorised to commit the Government of that Member State”
(Art. 203)Justus Lipsius Building,
Brussels
European Union
a legislative body representing the interests of the Member States
EU for the Fast Stream© Crown Copyright 2007
Council HierarchyWhitehall
UK PermanentRepresentation (UKrep)
Working groups
COREPER I / II, SCA
Council
Art 133 Cttee PSC etc. CATS / SCIFA
EU for the Fast Stream© Crown Copyright 2007
Council Formations
General Affairs and External Relations
(GAERC)
Economic andFinancial Affairs
(ECOFIN)
Agricultureand
Fisheries
Justice and Home Affairs
(JHA)
Competitiveness (Internal Market,
Industry and Research)
Transport, Telecommunications
and Energy
Employment,Social Policy, Health
and Consumer Affairs
Environment
Education, Youth and
Culture
EU for the Fast Stream© Crown Copyright 2007
Population of EU Member States
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Po
pu
lati
on
(m
illi
on
s)
EU for the Fast Stream© Crown Copyright 2007
Voting Weights of EU Member States
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Nu
mb
ers
of
Vo
tes
Qualified Majority Voting (QMV)
• 345 votes, 255 required for majority
• Simple majority of member states (i.e. 14)
• States representing 62% of the EU’s population
From 2014 / 2017:
• 55% of Member States
• 65% of the EU population
EU for the Fast Stream© Crown Copyright 2007
European Council
meeting of the Heads of States and Governments
meets 4 times a year (2 per Presidency)
no formal decision making powers
“The European Council shall provide the Union with the necessary impetus for its development and shall define the general political guidelines thereof”
(Art.4)
EU for the Fast Stream© Crown Copyright 2007
All the EU institutions…
THE INSTITUTIONAL
TRIANGLE
COURT OF
JUSTICE AUDITORS
COURT OF
Economic and Social Committee
PARLIAMENT
COMMISSION
European Ombudsman
COUNCILof the European Union
EU for the Fast Stream© Crown Copyright 2007
… not to be confused with
Non-EU European Institutions: Council of Europe, European Court of Human Rights, ECHR, EBRD
… but the EU does have its own courts, banks and councils – avoid falling into the vocabulary trap!
EU for the Fast Stream© Crown Copyright 2007
Pillars of the European Union
European Union
CFSP
TEU
IIEC
ECSCEURATOM
TEC
I
TEU
IIIPJCCM
Pillar I – traditional areas of EU decision making, codecision with Parliament, majority voting in Council
Pillar II – Common Foreign & Security Policy, different legal instruments, consultation with Parliament, unanimity
Pillar III – Police & Judicial Cooperation in Criminal Matters, different legal instruments, consultation with Parliament, unanimity
EU for the Fast Stream© Crown Copyright 2007
Types of Community Legislation
Directives
binding, as to the result to be achieved, upon each Member State to which they are addressed
choice of form and methods left to national authorities
Regulations
general application
binding in their entirety
directly applicable in all Member States
EU for the Fast Stream© Crown Copyright 2007
Council Deliberates
Consultation with industryand lobby groups
PolicyStatement
Parliament Amends
Commission View of EP Amendments
1st Reading
MemberStates
implement
Directive Agreed
Council agrees to EP amendments
Commission Draft Directive
Co-Decision
EU for the Fast Stream© Crown Copyright 2007
Council Deliberates
Consultation with industryand lobby groups
PolicyStatement
Parliament Amends
Commission View of EP Amendments
1st Reading
Commission Draft Directive
Council Accepts
Parliament Amends
Commission Accepts
Absolute Majority
MemberStates
implement
2nd Reading
Common Position
Directive Agreed
EU for the Fast Stream© Crown Copyright 2007
Consultation with industryand lobby groups
PolicyStatement
Parliament Amends
Commission View of EP Amendments
1st Reading
Commission Draft Directive
Council Rejects
MemberStates
implement
Directive Agreed
Council Deliberates
Parliament Amends
2nd Reading
Common Position
ConcilationParliament Negotiates Council
Negotiates
Commission Negotiates
Commission Rejects
EU for the Fast Stream© Crown Copyright 2007
Pillar II Instruments
Decisions
General GuidelinesOverall priorities and features of CFSP, including on
matters with defence implications
Common Strategy
Describes the approach towards a certain country or region,
across pillars
Joint Action
Addresses specific situations where
operational action is required
Common Position
Approach of the EU to a particular matter
(geographic or thematic)
Decision
Implementation measure for CFSP
Declaration
Statement with regard to an international political development
EU for the Fast Stream© Crown Copyright 2007
European Council
General Affairs & External Relations Council
High Representative
for CFSPCOREPER
Political & Security
Committee (PSC / COPS)
European Military
Committee (EUMC)
EU Military Staff (EUMS)
Committee for Civilian Aspects of
Crisis Management
(CIVCOM)
Council Secretariat-Policy Planning and Early Warning Unit
-Joint Situation Centre (SitCen)
-DG E
Commission-College
-External Relations Commissioner
-External Relations DG
Special Representatives
Personal Representatives
Working Groups
CFSP & ESDP Decision Making Structures
Monitoring Missions
Correspondents’ Group
Legal & Financial
Aspects of CFSP
(RELEX)
Member State
MFAs
EU for the Fast Stream© Crown Copyright 2007
Common Positions
Define the approach of MS towards a certain issue. Not legally binding
Framework Decisions
(for approximation of laws and regulations)
Approximation of the laws and regulations of the MS. Binding with regard to the result to be achieved and not with regard tothe form and methods chosen - comparable to Directives under First Pillar. No direct effect.
Decisions
Conventions
For any other purpose other than theapproximation of laws. Council may adopt implementing measures by qualified-majority.No direct effect.
Ratification procedure in all MS. Once adopted by 1/2 MS, may enter into force for those States. Member States in Council may adopt implementing measures by a majority of 2/3 of the contracting Parties
Pillar III Instruments