eu smart mobility and green vehicles orientations

Joint Master’s Degree in Sustainable Automotive Engineering

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EU smart mobility

and green vehicles orientations

Final Conférence

22-23 September 2016

Dominique BREUIL

EIGSI La Rochelle


Smart Mobility

�A definition among others

The way to satisfy a trip's demand, efficiently and

environmentally friendly

�Relies on 4 main components

� Adequate transport resources in all modes

� Energy : alternative/low emission fuels from (Bio)LNG to renewable

� Travel management (ITS in general)

� Human beings (from policy makers to travellers and logisticoperators) : digitalisation, collaboration,……


� The discussion� State of the art

� General objectives

� trends

� The current orientations based mainly on� State of the Art on Alternative Fuels Transport Systems in the European

Union, Final report, DG MOVE - Expert group on future transport fuels, July 2015

� Communication "Decarbonisation" july 2016, DGMOVE

� Analysis of the White paper implementation, Commission staff working doc, july 2016

� Keeping in mind Green Drive master objectives and employability of our future students


State of the art

�Road transport� Electrification

– Cars (BEVs) : >300km available in 2017

– Vans /LDVs / : 200km, Buses 100kms

– HDV : 19t exists, 35t prototypes

– Specialised professional vehicles : prototypes in some activity sectors(ex agriculture)

� LNG : HDV on the market

�Waterborne (marine, rivers,…)� Development of LNG maritime and river (TEN T corridors)

� Around 2,500 ships in the world are powered by electric propulsion (tankers, ferries, cruise liners…) 90% gas turbine, 10% batteries (existing in sub marines, with Hydrogen)

� Shoreside electricity to be improved


State of the art

�Rail

�60% of EU rail network already electrified = 80% traffic

�Difficulty of interoperability

�Aeronautic

�More Electric Aircraft : electrification of auxiliaries

� Fixed wings : hybrid (e-Star ) full electric (E Fan)

� Light aviation : several existing (Pipistrel, Cessna,….)

� Limited use of bio fuels (intermediate solution)


State of the art� Technical components of smart Mobility (all modes)

� Batteries , regular improvements, research on new chemistries and charging optimisation

� R&I on all types of motors and transmission systems :

� Power electronic : increased utilisation of semiconductors, High temperature super conducting (HTS) at research level

� infrastructureFast charging with battery buffers exist although expensive

CCS Combined Charging System has been agreed at EU level for High Power DC Charging while Type 2 as common normal power AC

Induction is operating for buses

LNG and biorfuels distribution


State of the art

� Social

�Good acceptance of the principles

� Lack of information (public, vehicle sellers, ….)

�Difficulty to change modal behavior for almost all

stakeholders (from citizens to logistic operators …)


State of the art

� Frameworks and Regulations� EU Level

�Several directives on Alternative Fuels (AF), low emission…

�Clean transport package

�Stakeholders consultation (ex Sustainable Transport Forum)

�STRIA (Strategic Transport Research & Innovation Agenda)

�….

� National level

�Inhomogeneous situations in EU

�National Policy Frameworks on AF to be produced in Nov 2016

�incentives

� Local level

�Electro mobility measures rather than policies

�Access for EVs


Trends

�Demography and urbanisation


Trends

�Collaborative and sharing economy


Trends

�Digitalisation and mobility as a service


trends

�Vehicles automation and autonomy


Trends

�Increase of societal demand for environment 's

consideration


Trends

�Growth of insecurity threats


Policy, targets and objectives

�Generic : White paper 2011 and outcomes (directives,

studies, packages, forums….)

�Road transport : IEA world wide


Policy, targets and objectives

�Waterborne

�International Maritime Organisation : reductionsaccording the size of ships, 2050 zero emission for <100 miles or small ships and in entering EU, shoresideelectrification

�Aeronautics

�EU Flight Path 2050 :reduction 75% Co2, 90% Nox, 65% perceived noise, airport zero emissions, electerificationaccording the size of the planes

�Rail

�Carbon free trains in EU by 2050 and Zero emission


EU Orientations for low

emissions mobility

�Optimizing the transport system and improving its

efficiency

� digital mobility solutions

�>>> cooperative ITS

� Fair and efficient pricing in transport

�Distance based road charging

�CO2 differentiation

�Promoting muli modality

�Multimodal core networks

�Domestic buses and coaches


�Scaling up the use of Low emission Alternative Energy

�Effective framework fo low emission alternative energy

�Advanced biofuels (no food based)

�LNG

� Infrastructure

�National policy frameworks for Charging and Natural Gas

stations (Nov 2016)

�Stakeholder platforms (ex STF)

�Interoperability and standardisation for E Mobility


�Moving towards ZEV� Improvements on vehicles testing to improve trust of customers

�New procedure, worlwide

� Post 2020 strategy for cars and vans

�Post 2020 standards on CO2

�Specific targets for ZEVs (2030 tbd)

�Domestic production for new generation of electric batteries

�Improvement of consumers awarenes and motivation (taxinstrument)

� Post 2020 strategy for lorries, buses and coaches

�Certification and monitoring of certified data for CO2 and fuel consumption

�Acceleration for standardisation

�Adaptation to the vehicles categories


� Enabling environment for low emission mobility

� Links between transport and energy (Energy Union)

�Optimisation of electricity distribution

�Connections Evs >> grid

� Research Innovation and competitivenes

�Immediate focus on ZEV (cf battery production, bio fuels…)

�Support to industrial investment in R&I

�All stakeholders of the automotive value chain

� Digital technologies

�Frameworks and standards to ensure interoperabiltiy

�Enlarging data access


� Enabling environment for low emission mobility

� Skills

�Initiative "Blueprint for sectoral corporation on Skills"

� Investment

�Adaptation/ focus of EU instruments,

�Funding (ex 39 billion /70 in Eu Structural and Investment Funds

are for low emission mobility , 6,4 in H2020 and CEF 24

� Actions by Cities

�Smart Cities and Communities

�CIVITAS

�…..

� Global action on international transport : aeronautics, waterborne….


Conclusions

� Electro mobility and (Bio) gas show several advantages regardingthe achievment of the targeted objective� Pollution (emissions, noise,…)

� Energy consumption : use of renewable energies, disseminated storage ….

� Energy independence

� Increased comfort and security (up to autonomous vehicles)

� But there are several barriers� Electric storage : costs, density

� Availability / affordability of the energy (bio methane production, Renewable,…)

� Accessibility to energy (interoperability, distribution network…)

� Restricted choices of vehicles, procurement

� Behaviour changes

� Lack of competences


Conclusions

�And threats:

�China, US competitors in all modes

�Production of storage components

�But drivers and strenghts are present like

� Social pressure

� Involvment of industries (all modes) in R&I and market

� Sectorial leaderchips in each mode


Conclusion of the Conclusion

�New Business models to be found

�Modal behavioural changes required

�Plenty of jobs in the coming years, in all industrial

sectors from Research to maintenance

� Necessity to develop skills and competences

�At all level (technicians to PhD)

�From now


�The improvement of the range of EV’s to 400 – 500 km

will be a key success factor the coming years.

�short range, up to 150 km, low cost electric vehicles

effective in city environments (light vehicles)