PROGRAMME NEWS & FEATURES 1/2011

100,000 FLYING HOURS

EXERCISE INDRA DHANUSH ‘10

EUROFIGHTER OVER THE GULF

SINGLE VS.TWIN

n o t h i n g c o m e s c l o s e

Leader of ForcesTyphoon: Operational with six air forces, the aircraft offers multi role dominance. Eurofighter Typhoon delivers unparalleled fleet

effectiveness. Designed with an established technology insertion programme - from AESA radar and innovative latest generation helmet

mounted symbology system to advanced air-to-air and air-to-ground weapon systems - the Typhoon is able to counter effectively all

current and evolving threats and will continue at the forefront of combat aircraft for future decades.

A F inmeccan ica Company

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WHICH COMES OUT ON TOP ?

Eurofighter programme in 2011, it was great to see the governments from the four corenations being so active and offering a signifi-cantly higher level of support with our cam-paigns in 2010. With ministers and Secretariesof State visiting potential export nations in the past months few months and with moreplanned in 2011, we are now getting thesupport we need to promote the aircraftinternationally. 2011 will be an important year for the pro-gramme in order to demonstrate howEurofighter Typhoon is the world’s best multi-role combat aircraft. With a large presence at many key air shows throughout 2011,Eurofighter has increased the number ofexhibitions and defence events we will attendin the coming year. With Aero India justaround the corner, Abu Dhabi, Paris LeBourget and Dubai as the main focal points,Eurofighter will be present at the mostimportant exhibitions around the world toshow the capabilities of the Typhoon, itsaffordability and to demonstrate the benefitsof investing in such a capable aircraft.

Enzo CasoliniCEO Eurofighter GmbH

31/2011 EUROFIGHTER WORLDE D I T O R I A L

03 EDITORIAL FROM ENZO CASOLINI, CEO EUROFIGHTER GMBH

04 EUROFIGHTER NEWS

08 100,000 FLYING HOURS FOR EUROFIGHTER TYPHOON

09 FOCUS ON INDIA - EXERCISE INDRA DHANUSH ‘10

10 - EUROFIGHTER BOARD MEMBERS INTERVIEWED11 - CASSIDIAN TRAINS FIRST INDIAN ENGINEERS IN MANCHING

14 NAVAL TYPHOON: A GAME CHANGER

16 THE TRAINING OF AIR-TO-GROUND GERMAN PILOTS

INTERVIEW MARKUS KRAMMEL, COMMANDER OF THE FIGHTER WING 73

17 THE ECONOMIC IMPACT IN GERMANY

18 EUROJET EJ200: 1ST CLASS IN ENGINE PERFORMANCE AND OPERATIONAL AFFORDABILITY

20 THE EVOLUTION OF THE SINGLE SEAT SWING-ROLE FIGHTER

22 EUROFIGHTER OVER THE GULF

Eurofighter World is published byEurofighter GmbH, PR & CommunicationsAm Söldnermoos 17, 85399 HallbergmoosTel: +49 (0) 811-80 1587communications@eurofighter.com

Editorial TeamMarco Valerio BonelliKathryn HolmMartina SchmidmeirAxel Haeger-Carrion

ContributersWg Cdr Anthony ”Foxy” Gregory, RAFSqn Ldr Paul Lipscomb, RAFDr. Theodor Benien, CassidianPaul Hopkins, BAE SystemsLars Joergensen, EurofighterSandro Spalluti, EurofighterJamie Plummer, Alenia Aeronautica

PhotographyEurofighter GmbHEurofighter Partner CompaniesGeoffrey Lee, PlanefocusItalian Air ForceGerman Air ForceRoyal Air ForceCorrine Buxton, RAF

Design & Productionimages.art.design. Werbeagentur GmbHwww.iad-design.de

Printed byESTA Druck GmbHwww.esta-druck.de

Eurofighter World on the Internetwww.eurofighter.comFollow us on:

If you would like to request additional copies ofEurofighter World, please contact the PR & Communications Department at Eurofighter GmbHcommunications@eurofighter.com

January 2011

20THE EVOLUTION OFTHE SINGLE SEAT

SWING-ROLE FIGHTER

CONTENTS

Title:A single and twin seat EurofighterTyphoon breaking away over the Spanish coastline

Photography: Eurofighter - Geoffrey Lee

08100,000 FLYINGHOURS FOR EUROFIGHTER TYPHOON

1/2011 EUROFIGHTER WORLD

Amongst the cuts andfears for the future ofmany aircraft pro-grammes, EurofighterTyphoon has emergedstrong from 2010. With so much going onand so much still to

look forward to, I am proud to say I am part ofsuch a successful programme. We have seenmany achievements in the last year includingthe recent delivery of our 250th aircraft to the customer. Now is a time to reflect on how2010 looks from my perspective and what2011 will bring. In January 2011, the programme reached ahuge milestone when the operational fleetsreached the massive 100,000 flying hourstotal. This achievement for Eurofighterdemonstrates the maturity reached by theplatform and the reliability of it as a defencesystem. In addition, this key event shows inclear terms what can be achieved throughinternational cooperation and partnership.With over 250 aircraft in service with six air forces across 16 worldwide based units,the Typhoon is the perfect example of a newgeneration fighter. With more aircraft inservice than any other, the aircraft is trustedto deliver in terms of performance andoperational reliability with well above averageresults when compared to the most matureaircraft in service across the customernation’s fleets.Designed with an established technologyinsertion programme in place, EurofighterTyphoon is beginning to deliver on thepromise to develop in line with evolvingthreats. We have always stressed that newtechnologies would be integrated on theaircraft, but only when they are matureenough and it is affordable to do so. 2010 saw the launch and introduction of many newcapabilities, highlighting how Eurofighterremains a cutting edge aircraft that will be atthe forefront of fighter technology for years to come. This year will not be any different. With export being a primary focus for the

Enzo CasoliniCEO Eurofighter GmbH

EDIT

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(Eurofighter Typhoon,Rafale and Gripen NG)were nearly twice as loudin comparison to the olderTiger II, all three aircraft

were listed under the same noise category.With a minimal noise difference offered bySaab’s Gripen - not traceable to the humanear – the results were a testament to thepower and efficiency of the Eurojet EJ200engines.

However, choosing an aircraft based solelyon the levels of noise efficiency is not suffi-cient. It is the performance of the aircraftthat plays a key role in the noise output.The thrust-to-weight ratio of the tested air-craft was for instance a very important partof the evaluations, affecting the landing andtake-off procedures and importantly the useof afterburners. The faster the take-off, thequicker the noise will reduce on the groundand so the noise footprint is less than thecompetitors.

The Eurofighter Typhoon, although beingthe most powerful of the three aircraft inthe competition, showed a very good thrustto weight ratio, enabling the aircraft to take-off in all Swiss military airports fully loadedand without the use of afterburners. Theother tested competitors did not reach thesame high standards as the Typhoon.

The Swiss Government have put the decision of the competition on hold, butEurofighter looks forward to working closelywith Armasuisse as the competition evolvesin the future.

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EUROFIGHTER IPA 7 TEST AIRCRAFTMAKES ITS 100TH FLIGHT

On 22nd November 2010, Partner Com-pany Cassidian Air Systems in Manchingdelivered Eurofighter GT016 (German Twin-seater no. 16) to the Luftwaffe as the firstaircraft in the final Tranche 2 configura-tion. “This means the Luftwaffe is receivingEurofighters of the final Tranche 2 standardearlier than planned,” explains Cassidianproject manager Nils Michael.

As a general rule in the Eurofighter pro-gramme, aircraft are delivered in contractu-ally defined configurations. In parallel, thepartner companies continue developing theaircraft and then install the upgrades to theaircraft already delivered. That is why, forevery tranche of aircraft deliveries, there isa starting standard at the outset and eventu-ally a final configuration to which the air-craft from the first part of the tranche aresubsequently upgraded. In the case of theGerman Tranche 2 deliveries, the first 34aircraft were to be provided in the startingstandard and the following 45 in the finalversion. Later on, the aircraft from the firstbatch delivered to the various units were tobe upgraded to this final version.

So much for theory. In practice, the finalTranche 2 standard was already availablefor the production of German Eurofighternumber 30, earlier than contractually agreed.The Luftwaffe had asked to receive Tranche2 final configuration aircraft as early aspossible, and Cassidian Air Systems reactedimmediately by integrating the upgradesduring production instead of later on. Cas-sidian Air Systems will now also deliver the

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appropriate software standard for tests ofthe plane's enhanced capabilities. It willserve in particular to test air-to-ground ca-pabilities at a later date.IPA 7 was commissioned in January 2008 as the first series aircraft of the Tranche 2standard. The main difference betweenTranche 2 and Tranche 1 production Typhoonsis their new avionics computers, which aredistinguished by their higher processingspeed and memory capacity. This superiorcomputer performance is needed amongother things for the enhanced aerial combatcapabilities of the Tranche 2 aircraft, forair-to-ground operations and for the use oflong-range guided weapons.

The Eurofighter Instrumented Produc-tion aircraft IPA 7 reached a round milestonein late November 2010 when it landed inManching, in Bavaria after its 100th flightcarrying a new flight software version. During the flight which lasted an hour and25 minutes, pilot Heinz Spölgen, a Cassidian

test pilot, checked the new software’s autopilotfunctions - in particular the one for automaticlanding approaches.In addition, Cassidian test pilot Chris Worn-ing flew IPA 7 with this new software versionin mid-November. IPA7 forms part of thefour-nation test fleet and is used with the

EUROFIGHTER DEVELOPED ON THE FAST TRACK

five remaining aircraft of the first batch tothe Luftwaffe in the final Tranche 2 config-uration.

The complex tasks involved and the cer-tification of the aircraft in the new standardwas a success thanks to the close collabora-tion between Cassidian Air Systems, theother three Eurofighter partner companiesand the Luftwaffe as the customer with itsassociated quality assurance offices.

EUROFIGHTER LESS NOISE IMPACT THANITS COMPETITORS

The Swiss procurement organisationfor military armaments, Armasuisse, hasbeen evaluating the Typhoon and its twocompetitors involved in the F-5 Tiger II replacement bid (TTE) for sound levels. Thenoise pollution criteria (only accounting for three per cent of the overall evaluation)was a main concern in Switzerland.

The criteria for the evaluation was splitinto two groups: ‘Light’ aircraft simulatingair policing missions and equipped withone fuel tank as well as two infrared andradar missiles, and ‘Heavy’ aircraft with thesame armament but with a second fuel tankand a recon pod. The missions also differen-tiated between use of maximum dry powerand the use of afterburners during take-off,flight and landing manoeuvres.

The findings, published recently in theSwiss media some time after the tests werecompleted, were reassuring for EurofighterTyphoon. Even though the candidates

SWITZERLAND EVALUATES THE TYPHOON´S FOOTPRINT

THE PROGRAMME THAT NEVER SLEEPSWith most companies on Christmas breakbetween Christmas and New Year, it was awelcome surprise to learn that Alenia Aero-nautica was busy completing their final aircraft deliveries for the year, exceedingthe total planned for 2010. These last deliv-eries came in the form of five EurofighterTyphoon jets that were handed over to theItalian customer on one day.

On the 28th December 2010, EurofighterPartner Company Alenia Aeronautica signedover IS037, IS039, IS040, IS041, IT011 to theItalian Air Force, bringing the total numberof deliveries for the programme in 2010 to51 – far higher than had been predicted.

This success is yet another impressiveindication of the hard work and commit-ment of the partner companies to meetingand exceeding customer requirements.Throughout the year, the highly skilled Typhoon staff work tirelessly to ensure thateach aircraft is safely delivered on time and on schedule. A nice way to end the year.

FIVE TYPHOONS DELIVERED TO THEITALIAN AIR FORCE IN ONE DAY

PERFECT, HIGHLY DETAILED, SMALL EUROFIGHTERS

Small, but highly detailed models of the Eurofighter are becoming increasingly popularamong the modeller community. Revell, the leadingGerman model manufacturer has just released a1/144 scale version of the Typhoon, only 10 cmlong, made of intricate parts as well as a bigger,1/48 scale reproduction of the twin seat

Eurofighter. Just a few

months ago thekit producer re-leased a 1/32scale model ofthe single seatversion. Thismodel, 498 mmlong and with awingspan of 349

mm, is made of 391 parts and is a perfect repro-duction of the real Eurofighter designed with theaid of original Eurofighter drawings and data. Themodel includes a detailed EJ200 engine and dis-plays a very high level of detail: the ejector seatmade from 11-pieces, movable canards, a detailedair intake area, jet nozzles in two configurations,detailed air brake and landing gear, separateailerons, flaps and rudder. In addition, the modelhas been fitted with Meteor, AMRAAM,Sidewinder, IRIS-T and ASRAAM missiles. All thismakes it the best reproduction of the real aircraftavailable for the model kit enthusiast.

European and international televisionchannels have recently shown increased in-terested in the Eurofighter Typhoon as theaircraft’s profile thrives and the programmematures. In November, Italy’s national TVnews programme TG3 Leonardo covered the technological and economic impact ofthe Eurofighter programme in a six minutelong report. The show was filmed across Eurofighter’s Italian manufacturing and as-sembly sites, highlighting the spin-off tech-nologies developed for this high perfor-mance combat aircraft. The show focusedheavily on the technology that has been applied to other industrial sectors such ascivil aviation, medicine, automotive as wellas energy generation industries. The reportalso looked at the Italian production of theEurofighter and covered technical detailsfrom a pilot’s perspective with an interviewfrom Alenia Aeronautica test pilot MarcoVenanzetti.

In Germany, n-tv, a national cable andsatellite news channel, filmed a 25 minutespecial report entitled “Business with theEurofighter”, which was first broadcastedon December 14th 2010. The report wasfilmed at three Eurofighter sites across Germany with interviews from Eurofighterexperts. Filming started at partner companyCassidian’s final assembly site in Manch-ing, Southern Germany and covered the

industrial, economic as well as the militaryimpact of the Eurofighter programme. Aftera stop in Munich at the Eurofighter head-quarters, n-tv concluded their report with avisit to Laage Air Base, Rostock, to film dai-ly operations at the home of the Luftwaffe’sJagdgeschwader 73 “Steinhoff” in NorthernGermany.

In addition to these European programmes,National Geographic contacted Eurofightertowards the end of 2010 to film an hour longshow as part of their ‘Mega Factories’ series.The show, which will focus on the uniquemanufacturing on the Eurofighter aircraft,will be aired in excess of 240 countriesworldwide in April 2011. The National Geo-graphic team began filming in mid-Novem-ber at Alenia Aeronautica’s final assemblyplant in Caselle, Italy. The tour continued inGermany, where National Geographic spokewith Eurofighter CEO Enzo Casolini beforeinterviewing Eurofighter specialists at

Museum Flugwerft Schleissheim near Munich in front of the first Typhoon proto-type DA1. To conclude the German tour, the team went to the Luftwaffe’s air base inLaage for footage of the operational jetsemerging through the atmospheric condi-tions of northern Germany and filmed greatinterviews with pilots and engineers whoexplained the diverse capabilities of the aircraft.

Shortly after their filming in Italy andGermany the production team travelled toSpain’s Getafe plant to film the manufactureof the right-wing and spent time at BAESystems’ Warton and Samlesbury sites inthe UK to see the sub and final assembly of the aircraft.

Eurofighter would like to thank everyonewho supported the filming which will underline the manufacturing excellence ofthe Typhoon programme.

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THE FOAM AIRCRAFT THAT FLIES AT 75 MPH There is no greater joy for a pilot than beingable to fly a reliable, cutting edge aircraft that offers exceptional manoeuvrability and performsimpressive acrobatic stunts with ease. Luckilythat’s possible for non fighter pilots too as the Eurofighter Typhoon remote controlled models offer all of the above.

Just like the original aircraft, radio controlled(RC) Eurofighter Typhoon models have been designed perfectly - aesthetically pleasing yet withthe capability to perform challenging aerobatictricks and manoeuvres. The original delta wing design gives the model plane a great range inspeed and flexibility, which permits any experi-enced RC pilot to fly these wonderful Typhoonmodels at maximum capacity.

T he plane is a scale model of the original Typhoon aircraft built out of hard foam. The ‘Impeller’ version made by Carson Model Sport in Germany is one of many different versions avail-able across the world. The engine integrated intothe model is a 2040 Inrunner Brushless motor, giving the aircraft a top speed of 120 km/h (75mph).

A similar RC Typhoon model is the ‘HC-HobbyEurofighter EF2000’ from Nitro Planes. It comes as‘ready to fly’ straight from the manufactures boxand is easy to assemble. The foam aircraft is paint-ed in black with the 4 nation’s emblem on eachside of the plane. It includes a brushless motor aswell as landing gear which is able to steer just likethe original, making the taxiing, take-off and land-ing simpler.

These models are perfectly designed for Eurofight-er fans who want to experience the feeling of flyinga great aircraft, even if it is just the little brother of today’s most capable multi-role combat aircraft,the astonishing Eurofighter Typhoon.

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EUROFIGHTER ATGREECE´S DEFENSYS EXHIBITION 2010

Eurofighter Typhoon participated in thefirst edition of the Greek defence and equip-ment exhibition DEFENSYS which tookplace between the 28th and 31st October2010 in Thessaloniki.

The exhibition was under the auspices of the Ministry of National Defence and thequality of the whole show was impressivewith exceptional organisation and effort putin to the details of the event.

The Eurofighter Typhoon stand, positioneddirectly in front of Finmeccanica and keysupplier MBDA, was one of the most visitedby delegations, politicians, embassy repre-sentatives and journalists from all aroundthe world.

As predicted, one of the main visitorswas the Hellenic Air Force who showed akeen interest in the Eurofighter Typhoon.The Hellenic Military visitors included theChief of Staff of the Hellenic National De-fence Ioannis Giagkos, Deputy Chief of Staffof the Hellenic National Defence Ilias

Venetis and the Chief of Staff of the HellenicAir Force Vassilios Klokozas.

In addition to the host nation visitors, otherinternational official delegations from India,Bulgaria, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Tunisia,

The UK's Secretary of State for DefenceLiam Fox visited the Eurofighter TyphoonOffice in New Delhi on the 23rd November,meeting a group of high-level company offi-cials during his stay. Bernhard Gerwert,CEO of Cassidian Air Systems and Chair-man of the Supervisory Board of EurofighterGmbH, briefed Liam Fox on the current sta-tus of the Eurofighter Typhoon campaign to win India’s tender for 126 Medium Multi-Role Combat Aircraft (MMRCA).

Gerwert said of the visit: "Our govern-ments in the United Kingdom, Germany,Spain and Italy are strongly supporting theEurofighter Typhoon campaign in India.

UK FOR EUROFIGHTER CAMPAIGNIN INDIA

develop a long-term strategic relationshipwith India and establish a new benchmarkfor Europe’s defence and industrial coopera-tion with Indian defence and aerospacecompanies.

The Greek Minister of Defence Evangelos Venizelos (second to left) visits the Eurofighter stand

Bernhard Gerwert (left) and Dr. Liam Fox (right) in India

The 2011 Eurofighter Typhoon calendarwas launched in December 2010. On the frontcover is a stunning image taken by amateurphotographer Neil Bury from the end of therunway at BAE System’s Warton site in theUK. This fantastic photograph highlightsthat we don’t just use the work of our pro-fessional photographers but we appreciateand will use the best photos we can find ofthe aircraft. As such, we are introducing tothe public the chance to enter our 2011 Eurofighter Typhoon Amateur Photographerof the Year competition.

As part of the competition, we will acceptpictures from any amateur photographerwith original images of the Typhoon.

Please send all entries either via emailto communications@eurofighter.com or inthe post: Eurofighter Communications, AmSöldnermoos 17, 85399 Hallbergmoos, Germany.

Good Luck!

EUROFIGHTERTYPHOON

Europe's leading aerospace and defencecompanies are ready to enhance their in-dustrial cooperation with India's advanceddefence industry for the benefit of all par-ties. Our goal is to integrate India into theglobal supply chain of the Eurofighter Typhoon by developing a strong and diversesupplier base in India which will also caterto this global programme.” The consortiummembers will also provide India access tokey technologies in a unique industrialpartnership designed to further catalyze India’s indigenous defence sector.

During last November’s meeting of theEurofighter Supervisory Board in New Delhi, senior representatives of Cassidian(Germany and Spain), BAE Systems (UnitedKingdom) and Finmeccanica (Italy) high-lighted their combined commitment to

TERMS AND CONDITIONSThe 2011 Eurofighter Typhoon Amateur Photographer of the Year Competition willrun from the 1st February 2011 to the 31stAugust 2011.

The winner must be an amateur photogra-pher which by definition means: “A personwho engages in photography as a pastimerather than as a profession”. Images must beat a minimum, 300dpi in quality.

The winner will have their image featuredin the 2012 Eurofighter Calendar and will receive a 100,000 flying hours commemora-tive Typhoon 1:48 model.

The judging panel for the competition will be Geoffrey Lee from Plane Focus - Eurofighter’s leading Typhoon photographer,Bob Hayes, - Managing Director of Impact Image, Marco Valerio Bonelli, - Head of Com-munications and PR for Eurofighter GmbHand Neil Bury - amateur aviation photograph-er and author of the 2011 Eurofighter calendar front cover. The winner of the 2011competition will sit on next year’s panel.

Entries should arrive in Eurofighter GmbH no later than the 31st August 2011. All other entries will be put forward for the2012 competition.

EUROFIGHTER TYPHOONAMATEUR PHOTO CONTEST 2011

ON AIR

Jordan and the UAE passed by the Typhoonstand to receive an update on the presentand future of the programme.

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sula and over the rough South Atlantic Sea.A range of operational scenarios have testedthe Typhoon to its limits and is testament to the reliability, operational readiness andthe durability of the platform and systemsunder operational conditions.

16 units, of which six come from the UK(four in Coningsby, one in Leuchars and one in Mount Pleasant, Falkland Islands);four in Italy (two in Grosseto and two inGioia del Colle); three in Germany (Laage,Neuburg and Nörvenich), as well as one eachin Spain, Austria and in the Kingdom ofSaudi Arabia make a total of more than 260aircraft in service - the largest numberamong the new generation fighters avail-able in the world today.

With Tranche 2 production in full swing,all 148 Tranche 1 aircraft delivered and theretrofit programme bringing them all totheir latest block configuration, the Typhoonis establishing its footprint in the air forcesas the backbone of operations both in airdominance and ground support roles. Withan average of 3000 flying hours per monththrough the six operators – a figure thatwill increase progressively with more air-craft delivered - the Eurofighter programmehas reached full maturity and is ready to offer to the air forces all the benefits of amature fleet: affordability; reducing logis-tics support and through-life cost savingscoupled with top-end performances.

The 100,000th hour was achieved in collaboration with all core nation air forcesand export customers who split the symbol-ic hour between their operational fleets. At the celebratory event held only a handfulof days after the milestone was reachedwere management representatives from the Eurofighter Programme, Eurofighter Man-agement Agency NETMA alongside seniorstaff from all six customer n ations includingthose from the programme’s export customersAustria and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

This new milestone for the Eurofighterprogramme reinforces the credibility of theprogramme and highlights the benefits ofinvesting in such a capable aircraft. In addi-tion, this key event shows in clear termswhat can be achieved through internationalcooperation and partnership. Here’s to thenext 100,000 hours…

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100,000 FLYING HOURS FORTHE EUROFIGHTER TYPHOON

Every so often an aircraft programmeachieves a significant milestone dur-ing its lifetime and Eurofighter Ty-

phoon has done just that with the achieve-ment of 100,000 flying hours. This incredibletotal came hand in hand with the celebrationof the sixth operational year of the Eurofighterand was celebrated during an event on the25th January in Munich. These milestoneswere reached at the beginning of 2011 bythe 16 units equipped with the Typhoonacross the six air forces of the UK, Germany,Italy, Spain, Austria and the Kingdom ofSaudi Arabia.

The 100,000 hours were achieved flyingin the bitter cold weather of the Baltic Sea,in the temperate climate of the TyrrhenianCoast, in the torrid heat of the Arabic Penin-

EXERCISEINDRA DHANUSH ‘10RAF TYPHOONS AND INDIAN AIR FORCE SU-30MKI WORKING TOGETHER

In October 2010, the Royal Air Force beganputting Eurofighter Typhoon through itspaces again, when it kicked off a series

of back to back international exercisesspanning the breadth of the globe and test-ing the aircraft’s deployed operational readi-ness to the full. Flying from their UK bases,six Typhoon’s from both 3 and XI FighterSquadrons deployed first to Indian AirForce (IAF) Base Kalaikunda, West Bengalas part of exercise Indra Dhanush 2010, oneof a series of bi-lateral training exercises between the RAF and IAF. Immediately afterthis exercise was completed, the aircraftwere re-deployed to Doha, UAE to participatein Exercise Air Khanjar in November. All inall, the same six RAF Typhoons operated ona deployed operational basis, away from homefor close to three months!

Meaning the ‘archers bow’ of the HinduGod of thunder and lightning - Indra, the Indra Dhanush exercise focussed primarilyon air-to-air warfare operations to further de-velop the understanding of both RAF andIAF doctrines and tactics. The arrows to Indra’s bow were provided by a potent mixof fighters comprising of six Su 30MKIs, sixMirage 2000s and six MiG-27 Floggers fromthe IAF as well as the RAF Typhoons. TheRAF and IAF pilots flew more than 200 sor-ties during the two week exercise, buildingin complexity and culminating in MixedFighter Force (MFFO) Combined Air Opera-tions (COMAO) scenarios involving up to 16fighters. These jets were supported by RAFE-3D AWACS and a VC.10 tanker aircraft aswell as the latest IAF AWACS, the A-50EhI.

Deployed and operating some 4500 milesfrom home presented a stern challenge tothe RAF Typhoon team which was compound-ed by the punishing conditions of Kalaikun-da AFB. With daily temperatures touchingover 40°C, humidity levels of 90% or greaterand snakes and spiders around every corner,the RAF demonstrated that Typhoon deliv-ers capability in all-weathers, achieving operational readiness statistics in excess of90%. With a minimal footprint of mainte-nance personnel and limited availability ofspares, Typhoon once again proved that it iscapable of sustaining operations throughout

the most challenging of operational environ-ments thanks to its intelligent health moni-toring and preventative maintenance designphilosophy.

During the first week of the exercise,both IAF and RAF crews had the opportuni-ty to familiarise themselves with the capa-bilities of each others aircraft, conductingvisual dog-fighting manoeuvres against oneor two jets. Thanks to the combination ofsuperb agility and the immensely powerfulEJ200 engines, Typhoon was able to demon-strate its exceptional performance capabili-ties in this arena even when facing the lat-est, thrust vectored, Su-30MKI.

Week two witnessed scenarios of ever in-creasing complexity and Typhoon success-fully operating with all the IAF fighters onboth ‘BLUE’ and ‘RED’ sides in Offensiveand Defensive Counter Air roles (OCA/DCA). Utilising its full range of sensors - including MIDS - Typhoon was able todemonstrate outstanding levels of tacticalsituational awareness gleaned from the‘fused’ information clearly displayed withinthe cockpit, a point that impressed the IAFfront line pilots who had the opportunity to fly with the Typhoons during the exer-cise. Although airspace and exercise con-straints restricted Typhoon from unleashingits full potential in the beyond Visual Range(BVR) arena, exercise staff and pilots fromboth the IAF and RAF were thrilled with the opportunity to train and learn together.

All good things must come to an end andall involved are looking forward to the nextIndra Dhanush which should see the returnof the IAF to the UK. Indra Dhanush gaveTyphoon the opportunity to demonstrate itsdeployed operational robustness yet again,and prove that it is capable of operating to-gether with Su-30MKI and other IAF fight-ers to great effect, a powerful deterrentshould India choose to become the nextmember of the Eurofighter Typhoon family.

No. 3 Sqn and XI SqnTyphoons fly information with theIAF’s Su-30MKIsduring Exercise IndraDhanush

The combined operation team at Indra Dhanush ‘10

ment to provide an insight into the compa-ny, its products and its working culture.

During these weeks, both the Indian andEuropean engineers have had the opportu-nity to create close relationships and gainexperience working in a unique internation-al environment. This is the first step to establishing a successful partnership andbuilding on Indian-European cooperation inthe future.

"It is a great experience and I am highlyimpressed with their depth of knowledge, open-ness and the extensive capabilities here in Ger-many. Our European colleagues are very help-ful and friendly", said Rohit Jain, currentlyworking as Systems Engineer for Cassidianin Bangalore.

The Indian engineers returned home in November where they began roles on

BERNHARD GERWERTINTERVIEWHow do you see Eurofighter Typhoon positioned in India's MMRCA competition?We are convinced that we are very well positionedbecause all the strengths and advantages of ouroffer are well recognised by India’s decisionmakers. No other aircraft in the MMRCA compe-tition can deliver comparable value to India, bothin terms of operational capabilities and economicas well as industrial benefits. Eurofighter Typhoon is clearly the most techno-logically advanced combat aircraft on offer forthe MMRCA tender. My impression is that its superior combat performance is well understoodin India. It is encouraging that the flight trialswent very well for us and according to plan - in particular the weapons testing by Indian AirForce (IAF) pilots in both Germany and the Unit-ed Kingdom.In addition to being the most modern combataircraft available on the world market, we offeran unrivalled industrial and technological part-nership which meets India’s strategic goals.Choosing Eurofighter Typhoon will catalyze thedevelopment of India’s domestic defence andaerospace industry, thereby considerably reduc-ing its current dependence on imports. Instead of remaining a mere buyer of aircraftand its parts, we envision India as a future keysupplier to the global Eurofighter Typhoon pro-gramme and thus as an integrated part of itsglobal value chain. As a true, new industrial part-ner, we would like India to co-develop and co-produce future capabilities for the EurofighterTyphoon. So you are confident that Eurofighter Typhoonis well placed to win?Absolutely. Getting the best and most advancedcombat aircraft technology on offer and partner-ing its further development is an opportunity forIndia which no competitor can match. Our valueproposition is increasingly recognised in India,and our campaign is making constant progress.We are excited at the prospect of winning Indiaas our next partner. What industrial benefits can India expect fromthe Eurofighter partner companies? Our proposal includes industrial benefits that nocompetitor will be able to match. We have main-tained from the very beginning that we are keento win India as a new industrial partner for theEurofighter consortium. Our ultimate objective isto win India as a key supplier, co-developing andco-producing future upgrades and enhance-

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The Cassidian Engineering Centre inBangalore has been created to provideengineering services to both Cassidi-

an in Europe as well as Indian customerswhilst first establishing a local footprint inthe country. The presence of the Engineer-ing Centre in Bangalore is part of the over-all industrialization strategy that will en-courage and support India in developing thecapabilities and skills to become a fifthpartner in the Eurofighter programme.

Since early September 2010, the first 15Indian engineers from the Engineering Centre in Bangalore have been at Cassidi-an’s Manching site in southern Germany, toattend a technical and intercultural trainingcourse. The training was specifically organ-ised by engineers and experts from the Cassidian Air Systems Engineering Depart-

10

EUROFIGHTERIN INDIAments, new sub-systems and software for theworld-wide Eurofighter Typhoon fleet. To enable India to fully manufacture the Eurofight-er Typhoon itself and to become a globally important production and R&D partner, we arewilling to offer a comprehensive Transfer ofTechnology package.What makes you so sure you can deliver onthis ambitious industrial partnership promise? Eurofighter Typhoon is the only truly internation-al combat aircraft in the world: Europe’s leadingdefence companies – EADS, BAE Systems, Fin-meccanica/Alenia Aeronautica - and more than400 suppliers have pooled their core compe-tences to create it. Our success is based oncross-border cooperation, by sharing sensitivetechnologies and know-how to a level that ourcompetitors would not contemplate. It is pre-cisely this spirit of mutual trust and technologysharing that we will extend to India, if they ac-cept our offer. Even before the MMRCA tender is awarded andindependent of a type selection, Cassidian, theSecurity and Defence division of EADS, hasopened an Engineering Centre in Bangalore (seeanother article in this issue of EF World). Thefact that we are the first major defence and se-curity company to transfer high value defenceR&D to India, including Eurofighter Typhoon re-lated engineering tasks, underlines our trust inand our commitment to India as a partner. Cassidian plans to ramp up the headcount at itsIndian defence Engineering Centre to over 200engineers by the end of the year. This is just thebeginning. The economic benefits of our indus-trial partnership approach are substantial: Weestimate that choosing the Eurofighter Typhoonwould create more than 20,000 highly skilledjobs in India, boosting its domestic defence andaerospace industry. What political and strategic benefits can theEurofighter partner companies offer India? India’s MMRCA tender is of high strategic impor-tance for its government. It intends to use thislarge tender to boost India’s long term security.On this count, too, we deliver outstanding value: Our four European partner governments do notdemand end-user monitoring, site-inspections orany other agreements which compromise India’ssovereignty. Neither do our governments haveimplicit diplomatic demands linked to purchasingthis truly multi-role combat aircraft. India is freeto use the Eurofighter Typhoon as it sees fit. Itcan even develop India-specific features. Several other reasons make the Eurofighter Ty-phoon the best choice for safeguarding India’sstrategic independence and its sovereignty: Itwill defend the nation more effectively than any

their first work packages in close collabora-tion with their German colleagues in Manch-ing. The work packages selected were related to aircraft systems, avionics and engi-neering IT.

Shadman Andleeb, Head of Cassidian AirSystems Engineering in India, stated the vision and mission: "We are working towardsbeing a fully integrated Cassidian Air SystemsCentre of Engineering Excellence in India, wemust ensure the delivery of high quality andcost effective solutions leveraging on localpresence to establish indigenous capability inthe country".

Progress on the Engineering Centre, details of its official opening and the benefitsit will bring to local and national industrywill be focused on in a future edition of Eurofighter World.

How do you see the Eurofighter Typhoon cur-rently positioned in the world market? First ofall let me remind you that the Typhoon is todaythe best selling new generation aircraft in thefighter market. We are very proud of our 707 aircraft order, of which 583 aircraft have alreadybeen covered by a production contract. Withover 250 aircraft in service and 16 units acrosssix air forces, the Typhoon is also the perfect example of a new generation aircraft with morefighter jets in service than any other. This verymodern machine is reaching maturity and deliv-ering a stunning service in terms of both perfor-mance and operational readiness. Taking this in-to consideration and also considering that the total fighter market in the next 20 years couldreach in excess of 800 aircraft, we really believethat the potential for the Typhoon could bearound 250 of those examples. This forecast isbased on the fact that we are enjoying a positivecombination of factors: we have the best multi-role aircraft available on the global market in

terms of performance; we are affordable in bothacquisition costs – that, contrary to general per-ception, is less than our comparable competitors– and in logistic support; we have a matureweapon system that boasts the potential for plenty of growth in capability.What are the political and industrial key benefits that Eurofighter can offer to a poten-tial customer nation? As I said before, the Ty-phoon is a mature system today, which is a bene-fit in itself, but the aircraft is still able to be devel-oped as a platform; in its main systems andsecondary components. That makes for a strongselling point when we speak to potential cus-tomers in both political and industrial terms.There is no other programme in the world moreopen to industrial partnership than Eurofighter. In addition, being European means that the ac-cess to technology is free from the usual con-straints that we see when US made products aremarketed. The history of our partner companiesin working with customer nations is the best tes-timony of what we can promise. Moreover, for acustomer industry working with the Eurofighter’sfour partner companies, this means opening thedoors to a potential collaboration with a complexset of industries that total more than 120 billiondollars revenue and that have a product rangethat varies from the smallest of UAV’s to theworld’s largest passenger aircraft as well as fromsatellites to submarines.Why do you think Eurofighter Typhoon is theright aircraft for the world fighter market?The Typhoon is a state-of-the-art aircraft designedfrom the beginning with an intrinsic growth path.Forget slogans like 5th generation, etc... that’sonly marketing. What really matters are the capa-bilities. Capabilities that enable the air forces andindustry to improve and develop are important aswell as being beneficial to the nations. Being su-perior to any potential threat, the Eurofighter isable to offer deterrence – and that’s the primary

goal for any air force in the world – and also offers access to new technology and advancedcapabilities for the programme – and that is, Ithink, the priority for any industry in the world.Combined, these effects make a Typhoon acqui-sition not a cost for a nation, but an investment.What are the next steps for the Eurofightermarketing in the World? The Typhoon is a per-fect aircraft for today’s requirements but we areworking on further developments to the aircraftin order to keep it updated with future require-ments. One of the main drivers set by the originaldesigners of the Eurofighter was to have a plat-form that can evolve in line with the threats andcapable to insert new technologies when it is ma-ture enough and when it is affordable to do so.That’s what we are doing. It is not by chance thatEurofighter will soon have the best AESA radaravailable in the world - the Captor-E - and thebest air-to-air missile on the market - the Meteor -but that is not our final target. The weapon sys-tem is continually evolving and a large package ofupdates and upgrades is under evaluation, inte-gration or definition. This is an aircraft that will bein service for the next 30 years, probably more.That is why we are now looking to the future in order to address the world market in the short,medium and long term.How important is Aero India 2011 for the mar-keting of Typhoon worldwide? Aero India is notonly the pride of Indian aerospace but it is alsointernationally recognised as a key global airshow for the aerospace and defence community.With a large presence of foreign military and political delegations visiting, this year’s show isset to be bigger than ever. For us it is very impor-tant to be here and show our capabilities to anypotential customer. Asia will be an importantmarket for fighters in the short term. All nationsare watching closely to see how India is runningthis tough MMRCA competition and will closelyevaluate the final result.

Bernhard GerwertChairman of the Supervisory Boardof Eurofighter GmbH andCEO Cassidian Air Systems

CASSIDIAN TRAINS FIRST INDIAN ENGINEERS IN MANCHING

competitor. Its choice will elevate India’s strate-gic relationship with the partner nations andtheir armed forces to a completely new level.And it will strengthen India’s domestic defenceindustry through Transfer of Technology, boost-ing India’s capability to protect itself with its owntechnologies. Why do you think Eurofighter Typhoon is theright aircraft for the Indian Air Force? I have no doubt that we will deliver un-matchedvalue to the IAF, those which are uniquely suitedto meet their requirements. It is the mostadvanced multi-role fighter India can buy. Theaircraft entered service a few years ago and hasa life span of a further 40 years. Therefore, noother aircraft on offer is better able to meetIndia’s current and future defence challenges.Eurofighter Typhoons delivered to the IAF will bethe latest Tranche 3 aircraft with state-of-the-artelectronic warfare sensors and communicationsystems. With its proven multi-role combatcapability, this aircraft will provide the IAF withunrivalled air superiority and with sophisticatedground attack capabilities. Eurofighter Typhooncomes with a comprehensive weapons payload,high armament flexibility and the capability toeffectively respond in a wide variety of combatmissions. Another key reason the IAF will benefit fromEurofighter Typhoon is cost: maintenance,servicing and operating costs can easily exceedthe initial purchase price of an aircraft over time;this may make a seemingly economical aircraft avery expensive one in the long run. EurofighterTyphoon was designed for low-life cycle costs.Its airframe is made of over 80% composites,incorporating new-generation materials likecarbon fibre composites (CFC), glass-reinforcedplastic and special alloys to name a few, deploy-ing cutting edge component design to boostperformance while at the same time maximisinglife. Longer component life makes the aircraftless maintenance intensive which results insignificant cost savings. What are the next steps of the MMRCA selec-tion process? The field evaluation trials in which our aircraftdemonstrated its multi-role prowess to the IAFconcluded earlier this year. They were first con-ducted in Bangalore, Jaisalmer and Leh. Weapontrials were then held in Germany and in the Unit-ed Kingdom. Now the Indian Ministry of Defencehas to analyse the IAF’s flight trials report. It isalso studying offset proposals submitted by allvendors. After this exercise, we expect theopening of the commercial bids followed byprice negotiations with those vendors which willbe short-listed.

ENZO CASOLINIINTERVIEW

“NO OTHER AIRCRAFT IN THE MMRCA COMPETITION CAN DELIVERCOMPARABLE VALUE TO INDIA”

”We have a mature weapon system that boaststhe potential for plenty of growth in capability.”

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The aircraft involved in the Indra Dhanush ‘10 Exercise. From left to right: MiG-27, Mirage 2000, Typhoon, Su-30MKI, Typhoon, Mirage 2000, MiG-27

AN AIRCRAFT CARRIER VERSION UNDER DEVELOPMENT

NAVAL TYPHOONA GAME CHANGER

sive to procure, maintain and operate. Cata-pult launch also leads to a heavier aircraftas a result of the additional weight on theaircraft’s structure.

Typhoon is well known for its exception-al thrust-to-weight ratio which has beenregularly demonstrated at air shows and incustomer flight trials. It also allows the aircraft to take off from a carrier using a“ski-jump”. Detailed simulations haveshown that the aircraft will be able to takeoff in this way with a full weapon and fuelload – providing a nation with a truly potent naval aviation capability.

LANDINGSClearly one of the major challenges for anycarrier-based aircraft is the arrested land-ing. Carrier aircraft fly a steep approachpath and are brought to a halt rapidly bythe arrestor gear. This leads to much higherloads being generated than would be thecase for a land-based aircraft. Navalised Typhoon tackles this problem in two ways.

1. The introduction of a thrust-vectoredvariant of the Eurojet EJ200 engine wouldallow for a reduction in the aircraft’s approachspeed and the resulting landing loads.Thrust vectoring (Engines with TVN are al-ready tested on bench) could be fully inte-grated into the Typhoon’s advanced Flight

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Control System (FCS), allowing the pilot tofocus on flying the approach path while theFCS manages the engine nozzle position.

2. The basic design of Typhoon alsoworks in its favour during an arrested land-ing. The aircraft’s structure is exceptionallystrong, having been designed from the out-set for the high dynamic loads associatedwith extreme air combat manoeuvring. Thishelps to minimise the structural changes re-quired to enable carrier operations – usual-ly seen as the biggest obstacle to developinga carrier-based variant of the aircraft.

SIMILARITIESIn any discussion of a navalised Typhoon,the differences from the land-based aircraftare the natural focus. However, one shouldalso focus on the similarities. A key designdriver for a navalised Typhoon has been tomaximise commonality between the twovariants. Design changes are minimised, al-lowing for many spare parts and test equip-ment to be shared across a customer’s airforce and navy fleets. The sensors, systemsand weapons available to both variants willbe common, allowing for a reduction in theaircrew training requirements. And in addi-tion, the two variants will benefit from acommon upgrade path – new capabilitieswill be available to both the air force andnavy in similar timescales.

The introduction of Thrust Vectoring potentially provides an additional boost to Typhoon’s capability. The ability to changethe angle of the engines’ thrust will allowfor a further enhancement in Typhoon’s already outstanding manoeuvrability, super-cruise performances, fuel consumption andthe handling of asymmetric weapon config-uration. When this is added to capabilitiessuch as the Helmet Mounted SymbologySystem (HMSS), AESA radar and advancedair-to-air and air-to-surface missiles, the result is a truly world-beating multi-role aircraft. One that could also operate from an aircraft carrier.

NO COMPROMISEEurofighter has already discussed anavalised Typhoon with a number of poten-tial customers and is keen to pursue this exciting new phase in Typhoon’s develop-ment. Naval aviation will undoubtedly continue to provide nations with a flexible option for projecting power over the coming years. In an increasingly affordability-consciousworld, commonality between a nation’s air force and naval aviation fleets will be of increasing importance. A navalised Typhoon can deliver this commonality,without compromising on capability.

PH/IB

The development of carri-er aviation during the 20th cen-tury led to a dramatic paradigm shift

in military capability. For the first time,navies had the ability to exert their influ-ence far over the horizon – supporting landcampaigns and allowing hostile fleets to beengaged from beyond the range of a battle-ship’s guns. From Pearl Harbour to more recent conflicts in the Falklands and theMiddle East, the carrier and its aircraft pro-vide commanders with an unrivalled abilityto project military and political influence;several acres of sovereign territory whichcan be moved close to potential troublespots at short notice.

Historical-ly, carrier aircrafthave been highly specialisedand designed specifically for the role. Inthe majority of cases, there is little or nocommonality between the aircraft operatedby a nation’s air force, and the different air-craft performing the same role in the Navy.Design decisions taken in order to optimisean aircraft for carrier operations can lead totrade-offs elsewhere – such as additionalweight and low-speed handling characteris-

tics that compromise performance in other areas of the envelope. A classic example today is the F-18 in all its versions, heavy, slow and not capableof facing the most advanced threats emerg-ing around the world. For a number ofyears, Eurofighter GmbH and its industrialpartners have been studying the feasibilityof adapting Eurofighter Typhoon for the

naval role. These studies have in-cluded the assessment ofrequired design changes,piloted simulations to re-fine the aircraft’s han-

dling qualities anddiscussions

with keysuppliers.

The studies indicate that thesechanges are feasi-ble, and would lead

to the development of a world-beating, carrier-based fighter aircraft.

READY FOR LAUNCHModern carrier aircraft typically take offwith the use of a catapult that attaches tothe nose gear. These catapults are expen-

Artist impression of anaval Typhoon in IndianNavy colours carryingtwo RBS15 anti-shipmissiles

INTERVIEW AT FIGHTER WING 73 "STEINHOFF" IN LAAGE

AIR-TO-GROUNDTRAINING

Lieutenant-Colonel Krammel, youhave been the Commander of the

Fighter Wing 73 "Steinhoff" in Laage, Rostock since 5th August 2010, what areyour first impressions of the role and whatare your goals for the coming months? As the only Operational Conversion Unit for allEurofighter aircrews of the Luftwaffe, FighterWing 73 "Steinhoff" is solely responsible forthe basic conversion of our young aircrewscoming from undergraduate pilot training toEurofighter flying training at Laage Air Base.Besides that, our short-term goal is to intensi-fy the conversion training of experienced pilots from other fighter aircraft (e.g. Tornado,F-4F Phantom) to become instructor pilots onthe Typhoon. Thus, I am aiming to increasethe overall Eurofighter training capacity hereat Laage. The whole Eurofighter ‘package’ offers a great deal of possibilities for the future and I am very much looking forward to taking over the responsibilities as the WingCommander of the 73rd Fighter Wing!

The main task of Fighter Wing 73 is thetraining of Eurofighter pilots. What is yourexperience with the training of pilots? Whatare the different steps of the training?Our experience so far has shown that the ba-sic piloting tasks are quite easy to handle dueto the sophisticated fly-by-wire system whichrelieves the pilot’s workload. However, thetime spent training pilots on how to best em-ploy the Eurofighter Typhoon in a tactical mis-sion has increased tremendously in comparisonto legacy systems like the Tornado or the F-4FPhantom. This is due to the complexity of theentire system, the availability of additionalsensors and the amount of information the pilotsimply was not confronted with in the past. Inessence, the training has shifted from pilotingto managing multiple systems and sensors inorder to exploit all Eurofighter capabilities.The different steps of training are the conver-

comes the team phase, where the studentslearn how to fight with two aircraft in a teamversus one or several adversaries within visualrange. At the end, the training culminates withbeyond visual range training and applying acombination of all phases during the air com-bat tactics phase. A night and low-level intro-duction is also incorporated into the trainingcourse.

Which milestones are planned in Laage forthe coming years? The next milestone we are looking forward towill be the implementation of the upcomingair-to-ground capabilities of the Eurofighter into the conversion training. The respectiveconceptual work to modify and adapt the Eu-rofighter training is in progress and the firstoperational air-to-ground strafing trials weresuccessfully conducted in September 2010.

The first pilots of the Fighter Bomber wing31 "Boelke" are in retraining from Tornadoto Eurofighter. These pilots are the first whoare using Eurofighter in the air-to-groundrole. What are the differences in trainingbetween fighter pilots and fighter bomberpilots?During the conversion phase, all pilots runthrough the same mission profiles. As soon asthe air-to-air phase starts, the fighter bomberpilots basically fly one mission more than theair-to-air experienced pilots in every phase.The goal is to produce the same proficiencylevel for all pilots regardless of entry parame-ters. The current set-up of our training pro-gramme allows an individual adaption toachieve exactly that.In 2011, Laage started to train all Eurofighterpilots as multi-role fighter pilots, meaning thatair-to-air and air-to-ground elements are basi-cally equally matched. This means that theguys with air-to-air experience will need moreair-to-ground rides and the air-to-ground guyswill need more air-to-air rides. So in the end,the training put into either pilot will be the

The availability of Eurofighter Typhoon is thehighest in the German fighter fleet. What arethe experiences with the Eurofighter Typhoonin the daily training at Laage?The Eurofighter is an extremely complex newgeneration fighter plane. It features an enor-mous amount of sophisticated computers thatsignificantly enhance the capabilities of theweapons system just by updating the employedsoftware. Only through the use of our very capable fly-by-wire system is it possible toreach the aerodynamic and physical limits ofthe flying envelope in a safe and carefreemanner. At the same time, those computersprovide a very useful self-diagnostic systemthat ultimately leads to a high availability ofthe aircraft to the user. Those built-in tests,combined with the means to monitor andanalyse internal states of the aircraft, makethe Euro-fighter an easy to handle aircraft formaintenance. Our highly trained and qualifiedtechnicians are well prepared to handle theaircraft and together with the described tech-nical means, we are able to achieve the afore-mentioned high availability rates. The philoso-phy behind the Eurofighter is an on-conditionmaintenance, which means inspections andmaintenance between flying sorties are keptto a minimum. This generally leads to a re-duced maintenance and repair factor whencompared to previous weapons systems.

The readers of Eurofighter World Magazinewould like to know more about you and yourtraining. What aircraft have you flown andwhat is your flying experience? After finishing training at Sheppard Air ForceBase in Texas, my flying career started at Fight-er Bomber Wing 32 in Lechfeld near Augsburgon the Tornado ECR (Electronic Combat andReconnaissance). During that time, I qualifiedas a Fighter Weapons Instructor and gainedcombat experience during the operations overformer Yugoslavia, mainly during operation “Allied Force”. Following that, I was SquadronCommander of the 341 “Grünherz” staffel atFighter Bomber Wing 34 in Memmingen. Afterthat wonderful experience I wasn’t able toevade the desk-jobs any more: two years General Staff Course at the Führungsakademiein Hamburg, followed by a one year exchangein Rome (Italian General Staff Course) and dif-ferent jobs at higher Headquarters in Cologneand Bonn. Before arriving at Laage, my last assignment was as spokesman of the Luftwaffeat the MoD in Berlin. Luckily enough, I was able to have my conversion training on the Eurofighter completed before taking over theresponsibilities as Wing Commander on the 5thAugust this year. My flying experience totalsaround 2500 hours.

WHAT IS THE REAL IMPACT GENERATED BY THE PROGRAMME?

It is readily acknowledged that the aero-space industry in Germany is a key tech-nology driver for the country’s economy.

In support of this is the fact that the Ger-man aerospace industry managed to hold itsown and enjoyed growth in 2009 and 2010despite the economic crisis. Yet EurofighterTyphoon, the largest collaborative pro-

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Interview withLieutenant-ColonelMarkus KrammelCommander of theFighter Wing 73

sion phase, where the young pilots acquire aninstrument rating for the Eurofighter and becomefamiliar with all types of possible emergenciesand their respective handling. Following thatthey learn basic fighter manoeuvres, try-ing to achieve a simulated killversus one adversary. Next

same when all rides, simulators and academictraining are added up.

CUTS, CUTS, CUTS, BUT WHAT DOES CUTTING A PROGRAMME LIKE THE EUROFIGHTER MEAN?

THE ECONOMIC IMPACT IN GERMANY

gramme in Europe and fundamental to theeconomy, could be facing cuts and has longbeen plagued with criticisms over costs.

When we talk about cost,Eurofighter

Typhoon, theLuftwaffe’s pre-mier multi-role com-bat aircraft, has facedmany criticisms over recentyears, but it is likely that the Ger-man tax payers would be reassured toknow that their money has been well invested in the aircraft, not only be-cause of the formidable capability theTyphoon brings, but also because theEurofighter Typhoon offers the bestvalue for money against any other solu-tion, delivering a huge industrial return tothe German economy.

Pride in the success of Germany’saerospace Industry begins withfacts and figures. Waiting for the2010 results, here are the2009 ones: turnover in theaerospace industry roseby 4% to 23.6 billioneuros last year,whilst employ-ment in-creased

slightlyby 0.8% to 93,700,totalling around250,000 highly

skilled workers directly and in-directly involved in the industry. In 1996

the turnover was 8.6 billion euros and theworkforce totalled 61,000 people. In the 12years that the Eurofighter programme hasbeen running, the sector has almost tripledin size and recorded increasingly high lev-els of efficiency.

When looking at the aerospace defencesector only it increased revenue by 4.6% ofits total turnover in 2009 reaching 6 billioneuros. This segment employed around21,300 people last year, a rise of 1.3% since2008. The ramp-up of the Eurofighter, theNH90 and Tiger helicopter programmes,continue to shape the situation in aero-space defence – the largest ofthe three defence segmentsin Germany.

If we look specifical-ly at the Eurofighterprogramme in Ger-many, we see thataround 3000employeeswork di-

rectly on the pro-gramme within EADS

in Germany, plus 22,000through indirect jobs in the

country. Cassidian, an EADSbusiness that builds the Eurofighter,

had a 2009 turnover of 5.4 billion euros.Without considering that Eurofighter

offers a variety of industrial benefits, some70% of the German costs of Typhoon areflowed back to the German Government astax revenues compared with a tax return ofless than 10% for example, for the purchaseof a US aircraft.

The technology spin off is anotherbonus. The Typhoon is 70% carbon fibremade and the carbon fibre manufacturerson Typhoon are centres of excellence ineach partner nation. This technology hasbeen applied to the civil aviation sector, toheavy machines, and cars. For example,EADS is using its carbon fibre technologyfrom the Typhoon for its role working on itsAirbus aircraft and many other programmes.

At Cassidian Germany, 96% of its Eurofighter employees are skilled. On Typhoon R&D work, Cassidian employs 60%engineers; 25% blue collar; 5% commercial

and legal; with

the rest assupport. Similar-

ly on Typhoon pro-duction, the Cassidi-

an workers compriseof 25% engineers and

60% blue collar. Overall,about 50% of the Typhoon

workforce in Germany has uni-versity and higher level education

qualifications (with 5% apprentices/trainees). The labour skills on Typhoon development and production work are high-ly transferable. For example, in the Bavari-an region, development and productionworkers on Typhoon have skills easilytransferable to the local automotive andelectronics industries.

COMPONENT LIFEThe Hot Gas Path Parts (HGPP) for the EJ200have been qualified to an extremely highlife. These lives have also been purposelysynchronised with the lives of other enginecomponents meaning that the number ofengine removals through an engines designlife is reduced to the minimum.

As a further benefit, the EJ200 Mk101follows an ‘on condition’ maintenance phi-losophy. In practice, this means componentsare not simply replaced once a set numberof engine hours are reached. Instead, theyare monitored and replaced when theirphysical condition is deemed to be unac-ceptable or when the EHM system calcu-lates a life and/or limit exceedance. The lat-est experience from in-service confirms thequalified lives and in many cases indicatesan increased life which will further reducemaintenance activities for the future.

ENGINE HEALTH MONITORINGThe EJ200 has a world leading, state-of-the-art EHM system. A true ‘strength’ of theEHM is that it has been intentionally de-signed as an ‘end-to-end’ system, fully inte-grated within the Typhoon airframe. Thisresults in an un-impeded flow of validateddata from engine through to the operationscentre. As an additional benefit, it is alsopossible to view EHM data whilst the air-craft is stood on the apron. This is achievedthrough the use of the Eurofighter Typhoonmounted Maintenance Data Panel (MDP).Being able to access EHM data during aircraft operations is a cost and time effi-cient way of confirming engine health before the aircraft is re-dispatched for fur-ther operations.

At the heart of the EHM system residesthe MTU developed Digital Electronic Con-trol & Monitoring Unit (DECMU). This pow-erful engine mounted accessory fulfils acombined role of engine control and moni-toring. The monitoring aspect of the DEC-MU has been specifically designed to con-tinuously monitor multiple data streamsfrom the EHM sensors and has capacity toaccept and process additional data shouldthe need arise in the future.

Through intelligent interpretation of theengine data, the EHM system is capable ofmonitoring the engines operational perfor-mance both on the ground and in-flight.This provides the operator with a real-timeaccount of component life usage and also aprognosis of future engine functional & me-chanical performance. Having easy accessto this level of data for each engine at theend of each sortie is ‘key’, particularlywhilst taking executive decisions such as

MAINTAINABILITYThe EJ200 has been deliberately developedwith maintainability in mind. The rationaleadopted by the design of the EJ200 is to en-sure a safe, affordable operational capabili-ty by keeping the engine ‘on wing’ for aslong as possible. Experience from earliergeneration engine programmes has shownthat when an engine is removed from theaircraft, significant costs are incurred. Suchcosts are based on the need to supply a ser-viceable spare engine for continued opera-tion and also due to the inevitable scopecreep that occurs during repair & overhaulof the removed engine.

To maximise the ‘on wing’ duration ofthe EJ200 engine, there has been a con-scious decision to increase component life,increase levels of reliability and to provide a ‘no surprises’ approach to engine manage-ment through intelligent Engine HealthMonitoring (EHM).

Acommon obstacle faced by all latestgeneration military aero engine sup-pliers is that the typical life cycle for

such a product is exceptionally long. Duringsuch a period, it is normal to experienceeconomic changes as well as changes in re-quirements of the engine which could affectoperational costs as well as the availabilityof funds.

According to recent studies, two of themore significant drivers behind operationalcosts for a military aero engine are; mainte-nance (especially the kind which requiresengine removal from the aircraft) and alsofuel costs.

The EJ200 engine, which combines the highest thrust-to-weight ratio with the most simple engine architecture, provides the Eurofighter Typhoon with maximum levels of multi-role capability at an affordable cost of ownership. This is possible thanks to the engines unprecedented design which hasbeen fully integrated into the weapon system platform.

However, in today’s world of economic awareness, the question is how will the EJ200 continue to provide an affordable operational capability for the future?

EJ200 Mk101

Service Period

Engine removal

EarlierGenerationCombatEngines

1ST CLASS IN ENGINE PERFORMANCE AND OPERATIONAL AFFORDABILITY

EUROJET EJ200

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Interface ProcessingUnit on A/C

PortableMaintenanceData Store

Ground SupportSystem

Maintenance Data Panel

• Incidents Reports• Maintenance Messages

Operations Centre

• Fleet Management• Techn. Support

EHM & ControlSystem Data

DECMU on Engine

6.045

50

55

60

6.5 7.0 7.5

Fn/Mass

Comparison of Maximum Specific Consumption [sfc] vs Thrust to Weight Ratios of Military Aerospace Engines

Max

imum

Spe

cifi

c Fu

el C

onsu

mpt

ion

[mg/

Ns]

8.0 8.5 9.0 9.5

P&W F100-PW-220

P&W F100-PW-229

KLIMOV RD-33

F404-GE-402

SNECMA M88-2 EUROJET

EJ200

GE/VOLVORM12 (F404-GE400)

SATURN AL-31

whether to deploy an engine or to send tothe repair and overhaul depot for mainte-nance. Engine management of this caliberensures weapon system availability withoutthe need to provision for large quantities ofspare engine modules or engines.

FUEL CONSUMPTIONThe fuel consumption of the EJ200 is ex-tremely low for an engine of its pedigree.This is largely due to careful selection of thekey gas turbine design parameters whichresults in the EJ200 delivering unrivalledinstalled engine performance with minimalfuel consumption. In addition, throughclever use of hot section advanced coolingand sealing technologies, engine cooling requirements are kept to a minimum. Thisincreases cycle efficiency and reduces fuelconsumption. A final contributor to theEJ200’s outstanding level of fuel consump-tion is that primarily the fuel system ismanaged and controlled by the onboardDECMU. The DECMU continuously evalu-ates whole engine performance alongside

key fuel system parameters. This ensurescontinued optimal fuel system managementat all times.

The design of the EJ200 engine is sym-pathetic towards ensuring unrivalled in-stalled performance at an affordable cost ofownership. The engine, as operated by to-day’s air forces, has confirmed componentlives to be similar to those qualified but inmany cases it’s believed that lives will begreater in service. This will provide furtherreductions in engine maintenance to thosepreviously anticipated. The advanced EHMsystem accommodated by the engine cur-rently provides a ‘world leading’ capabilitywhich has the capacity to provide furtherbenefits in the future. Having simple accessto real-time engine data offers flexibility toengine management for today and the fu-ture. The design and control of the EJ200ensures an efficient engine which requiresminimal fuel consumption whilst deliveringmaximum performance. Digital fuel systemmanagement and control will guaranteecontinued economical use of the engine.

and because of the 1970’s technology of theF-15 Eagle design. Simultaneously, the Eu-ropeans started using the two-seat Tornadoin a similar role.

Nonetheless, the F-15E still maintainedthe major penalties for the additional crew-member: higher annual maintenance costdue to the extra complexity added by the ex-tra seat and reduced fuel capacity and performance due to higher weight.Finally, the additional cost for train-ing, payment and proficiency of

the second crew member made the two-seat fighter oper-

ators have a careful look at the much cheap-er single-seat operations.

In 1989, the US Marine Corps conductedan intensive study of the single seat F/A-18Hornet and compared it to two seat opera-tions through simulation and actual flying.It clearly showed that the single-seat cock-pit was more effective in weapon deliveryand that a second person in the cockpit didnot reduce the number of ground impacts –a major concern even today. But the technol-ogy was still not sufficiently developed toallow the single-seat Hornet to use its sen-sors more effectively than the two-seater inadverse weather and night conditions. A USAF report in 1994 had identified all therequired elements for the ultimate one-seat

fighter: sensor fusion, data link, helmetmounted displays, head steered sensors andvoice controls - at that time all items al-ready included in the visionary Eurofighterdesign.

It became clear that the new targetingpods, sensors and data links entering thearena produced more data than the old gen-eration of fighters could cope with, so the F-18 was developed into a new version, theSuper Hornet. Simultaneously, the F-15Ewas developed into a more advanced ver-sion for South Korea and Singapore, and al-so the F-16 was produced in a version witha dedicated second crew member to takecare of the systems. Even the French pro-duced a two-seat multi- role fighter,the Mirage 2000D, and plan to pro-duce the majority of their Rafales in a two-seat version.

All these types still needed a pilot to “row the boat” and a weapon system operator “to shoot the ducks”, because their 1970’s-her-itage prevented full integration of all theirsystems. A technological leap was needed toreduce the cost and to increase the effec-tiveness of the fighter.

Actually, something had happened in thedark. With the Harrier and the Jaguar, thefirst true stand-alone single seat fighterbombers with precision weapon capabilityand on board targeting capability was the F-117. Unfortunately, its revolutionary sin-gle-seat stand-alone targeting and weapondelivery capability was overshadowed bythe world’s singular focus on the F-117’sstealth features. This turned out to be thetype’s Achilles heel, forcing an early retire-ment after the stealth myth was brokenwhen an F-117 was shot down during theKosovo war in 1999.

Fortunately, the vision of the single-seat,swing-role fighter has now been realised.The full automatic integration of all sys-tems: sensors, attack & identification, datalink, electronic warfare, navigation, cockpit,engine and all the housekeeping systems in-

cluding the airframe structure itself – andfinally the advanced flight control systemcomprising of advanced autopilot and care-free handling characteristics, are the majortrademarks of the new generation fightersuch as the Eurofighter Typhoon.

The Typhoon’s large field of view radaras well as the Infra Red Search and TrackSystem and Identification System (IFF), ad-vanced Electronic Warfare System and mul-ti-role targeting pod provide large amountsof data to the fighter’s sensor fusionprocess, which automatically reduces andprioritises the information presented to thepilot.

Link16 and ROVER data links have revo-lutionised the transfer of target informationbetween coalition fighters, command andcontrol units and Forward Air Controllerson the ground. The Helmet Mounted Displayand associated sighting systems allow the

pilot to constantly keep their eyes outof the cockpit and acquiring tar-

gets while managing the sys-tem configuration with Direct Voice Input (DVI). Simultaneously, the Electronic Warfare system monitors and, where appropriate, jams the emitting threats.

The Ground Proximity Warning System (GPWS) is the Typhoon’s safety observer, keeping a constant eye on the ground and the flight controlsystem ensures that the pilot does not de-part nor damage the fighter in hectic situa-tions. The autopilot flies the most optimisedpath into the weapon release zone, whilethe pilot manages the tactical situation.

The Eurofighter Typhoon is the firstnext-generation fighter to combine all theseitems into one cockpit. Thanks to the fight-er’s advanced integrated systems and thecarefully developed Human Machine Inter-

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The P1E upgrade programme isplanned to be completed by the end of2012 and will transform the Eurofight-

er Typhoon into the first true single-seatmulti/swing-role fighter. The previous gen-eration of fighters, such as the F-16 and theF/A-18 Hornet were the first single-seatmulti-role fighters. They were revolutionarybecause they utilised the first small, rela-tively easy-to-use, multimode radars andthe first airborne computers powerfulenough to accurately calculate the trajecto-ry of the dumb bombs and unguided rocketsexclusively used in the 1970/80’s. They

were also the first operational fighters withdigital flight control systems providing agood performance in a small airframe.

However, the precision weapons of thatage were only employed by very advancedand expensive two-seat fighters such as theF-111, because of the high complexity ofthe systems and weapons requiredfor this kind of operation. The userinterface to the systems were ex-ceptionally specialised and vul-nerable while the weaponemployment was very complicated, all demanding

onededicated

person’s full attention through

out the entire engagement from

target acquisition to impact whilst an additional

pilot flew the aircraft.The two seat aircraft had measurable ad-

vantages within some specialised missions,and the F-111 was replaced by the F-15E,which still required two crew members be-cause of the high complexity of the weaponsystem inherited from the F-111 generation

20

THE EVOLUTION OF THE SINGLE SEAT SWING-ROLE FIGHTER

face (HMI) of the Eurofighter, the Typhoonpilot can safely fly the aircraft, navigate,manage threats, acquire targets, employmultiple precision, long range air-to-air aswell as air-to-ground weapons, re-plan themission in flight, and still maintain full sit-uational awareness whilst both fighting hisway into the target area and fighting hisway back out.

In the Typhoon the pilot shoots theducks whilst rowing the boat.

LJ

SHOOTING DUCKS WHILE ROWING

THE BOATIn addition to this article, to readthe paper “Single Seat Fighter –The Way Ahead for the 21st Cen-tury” written by Craig Penrice,Typhoon Test Pilot (Ret’d), pleasevisit our website: www.eurofighter.com/eurofight-er-world/publications

The Royal Air Force’s Typhoon jets havebeen busy in recent months on jointexercises across the East in partner-

ship with some of the world’s leading airforces. Most recently, after the deploymentof six aircraft to India for the IndraDhanush exercise in October - as per theearlier article in this issue - the RAF Ty-phoons arrived in Al Dhafra for furthertraining.

The Air Khanjar exercise took place atthe end of November 2010 with the RAF andUnited Arab Emirates Air Force (UAEAF)working together in joint training. Interop-erability with the UAE Air Force and operat-ing in the challenging desert conditionswere the main targets of the Air Khanjar ex-ercise which was based on a ‘building block’

approach to gradually increase the complexity of training. It was soon apparent that the skill levels of both individual squadrons were closely aligned and there-fore the exercise accelerated into more com-plex areas at an impressive rate.

Wing Commander Jez Attridge, OfficerCommanding XI Sqn, and Officer Com-manding 906 Expeditionary Air Wing forthe duration of exercise Air Khanjar said:“We’ve found the UAE Air Force to be veryflexible in its operations and able to adaptwell to working with us. They have some excellent aircraft that have integrated re-markably well with Typhoon”.

craft from the UAEAF rehearsed both pro-tecting and attacking the ship, all controlledfrom a distance by the AWACS.

Another target of the exercise was to testthe Expeditionary Air Wing model that combined both forces of Typhoons andAWACS, utilising dedicated aircraft typesand personnel ready to deploy as a singleunit. Whilst both the Typhoon and AWACScrew are used to regularly working togetherback in the UK, the rest of the Expedi-tionary Air Wing, the force headquarters

and supporting areas such as the engineers and

administrators, rarely get the opportunity to do so

until they are deployed together.

A remarkable aspect of exercise AirKhanjar, which underlines the rapid responseand adaptability of airpower, was that itwasn’t launched from the UK, but directlyfrom exercise Indradanush in India. If thatwasn’t enough of a challenge, then support-ing a Royal Fly-past for a State Visit by HerMajesty the Queen to Abu Dhabi was a publicdemonstration of the seamless cooperation

and levels of precision that were quicklyreached between the RAF and UAEAF crews.

Exercise Air Khanjar was extremely suc-cessful as it proved yet again, the deploya-bility and sustainability of Typhoon in hotand dusty environments. The exercise wasconcluded with an opportunity for Colonel

He went on by saying, “The UK has long standing close cooperation with UAE as well as complementary weapons

systems, which given the current political

and military realities ofmost military operations worldwide beingcoalitions, it is always good to rehearse op-erations with other proficient partner na-tions”. He described the fantastic facilitiesat the Al Dhafra Air Base and explainedhow the warm conditions were conducive to maximising training time.

One of the bonuses that came with the exercise was the air-to-ground and air-to-air ranges available within UAE. The en-vironment provided a perfect opportunityfor a world class fighter aircraft like the Typhoon to practice Dissimilar Air CombatTraining against other modern and chal-lenging adversaries such as the F-16 andMirage 2000-9 from the UAEAF.

An essential part of the Air Khanjar ex-ercise was the command and control contri-bution of Royal Air Force 8 Sqn’s AWACS E-3D aircraft. The AWACS aircraft is morethan a ‘flying radar’, it provides informationsuperiority for commanders in the air andon the land or sea. To demonstrate this im-portant aspect of the exercise, the involve-ment of HMS Cumberland, operating in thePersian Gulf, added significant value. Thecombined forces of RAF Typhoons and air-

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EXERCISE AIR KHANJAR IN THE UAE

EUROFIGHTER OVER THE GULF

Mubarak, the Base Commander of Al DhafraAir Base, to experience the potent powerand manoeuvrability of a Typhoon mission.And if a picture can paint a thousand wordson airpower, a backseat flight in Typhoonwill fill a library.

Interoperability with E-3D AWACS was one of the goalsof Exercise AIR KHANJAR

A Typhoon from 29 Sqn taxies atAl Dhafra Air Base

PROGRAMME NEWS & FEATURES 1/2011

100,000 FLYING HOURS

EXERCISE INDRA DHANUSH ‘10

EUROFIGHTER OVER THE GULF

SINGLE VS.TWIN

n o t h i n g c o m e s c l o s e

Leader of ForcesTyphoon: Operational with six air forces, the aircraft offers multi role dominance. Eurofighter Typhoon delivers unparalleled fleet

effectiveness. Designed with an established technology insertion programme - from AESA radar and innovative latest generation helmet

mounted symbology system to advanced air-to-air and air-to-ground weapon systems - the Typhoon is able to counter effectively all

current and evolving threats and will continue at the forefront of combat aircraft for future decades.

A F inmeccan ica Company

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