EuropeEurope

EnglandEngland By 1500 England had consolidated power By 1500 England had consolidated power

and established hereditary successionand established hereditary succession

The Magna Carta (1215) limited the king’s The Magna Carta (1215) limited the king’s power and granted rights to the nobilitypower and granted rights to the nobility

While still feudalistic, England was While still feudalistic, England was beginning to engage in more trade and beginning to engage in more trade and money as a form of wealthmoney as a form of wealth

FranceFrance By 1500 France had developed as an By 1500 France had developed as an

important European countryimportant European country

Hereditary succession was well Hereditary succession was well establishedestablished

A sense of French nationalism had A sense of French nationalism had developed after the Hundred Years’ Wardeveloped after the Hundred Years’ War

SpainSpain Between 711 and 1492 Spain had been Between 711 and 1492 Spain had been

religiously diverse – home to Jews, religiously diverse – home to Jews, Muslims, and ChristiansMuslims, and Christians

By 1492 the Christian By 1492 the Christian ReconquistaReconquista was was complete – expelling ALL Jews and Muslimscomplete – expelling ALL Jews and Muslims

Spain’s unity and nationalism developed Spain’s unity and nationalism developed out of Catholic religious zealout of Catholic religious zeal

Inquisition developed to try all non-Inquisition developed to try all non-CatholicsCatholics

RussiaRussia By 1500 Russia had been conquered By 1500 Russia had been conquered

and ruled by the Mongols for a couple and ruled by the Mongols for a couple centuriescenturies

Ivan the Terrible began to defy the Ivan the Terrible began to defy the weakening Mongols and eventually weakening Mongols and eventually liberated Russia from Mongol ruleliberated Russia from Mongol rule

IMPACT: Russia was behind western IMPACT: Russia was behind western Europe in economic development and Europe in economic development and technology.technology.

AsiaAsia

Ottoman EmpireOttoman Empire Ottoman Empire emerged from Ottoman Empire emerged from

Central AsiaCentral Asia

They had been slowly taking over They had been slowly taking over the Byzantine Empirethe Byzantine Empire

By 1500, the Ottomans had taken By 1500, the Ottomans had taken over Istanbul and were a major force over Istanbul and were a major force in the worldin the world

PersiaPersia An ancient empire that was in An ancient empire that was in

decline by 1500decline by 1500

They were Muslim, rich in culture, They were Muslim, rich in culture, and wealthy by tradeand wealthy by trade

By 1500 they were taken over by By 1500 they were taken over by the Safavid Empirethe Safavid Empire

ChinaChina An ancient culture that had An ancient culture that had

flourished in technology and tradeflourished in technology and trade– Compass, paper, fireworks, silk…Compass, paper, fireworks, silk…

By 1500, they closed themselves By 1500, they closed themselves off to most all foreign contact – off to most all foreign contact – including tradeincluding trade

Mughal IndiaMughal India Muslim culture that invaded Muslim culture that invaded

Hindu IndiaHindu India– Created religious tension that led to Created religious tension that led to

near constant conflictnear constant conflict

They dominated India for a couple They dominated India for a couple centuriescenturies

AfricaAfrica

Songhai EmpireSonghai Empire Muslim farmers took Muslim farmers took

over trading over trading kingdoms of West kingdoms of West AfricaAfrica

Waged constant war Waged constant war for more territoryfor more territory

Fell by 1600 ADFell by 1600 AD

The AmericasThe Americas

Incan EmpireIncan Empire Located in the Andes Mountains of Located in the Andes Mountains of

South AmericaSouth America Excellent engineersExcellent engineers

– Suspension bridges, stone structures, Suspension bridges, stone structures, terraced farming…terraced farming…

Conquered by Spain (Pizarro) in Conquered by Spain (Pizarro) in the 1500sthe 1500s

Mayan EmpireMayan Empire Ancient, polytheistic civilization Ancient, polytheistic civilization

located on the Yucatan Peninsula located on the Yucatan Peninsula (modern day Mexico)(modern day Mexico)

Famous for astronomy and Famous for astronomy and pyramids…pyramids…– Worshippers of the sunWorshippers of the sun

Aztec EmpireAztec Empire Highly civilized, polytheistic Indians Highly civilized, polytheistic Indians

located in modern day central Mexicolocated in modern day central Mexico

Warriors who built a very structured Warriors who built a very structured civilization around sun worshipcivilization around sun worship

Many of their pyramids still existMany of their pyramids still exist